Newspaper Page Text
Juices.
liodsre No# 1) Ft A# M#
‘ ^"‘ communication of til* UdgeJt
h .Jat Masonic Temple, THIS^
rill * "evening, at 9 o'clock.
(TM"* <W) ‘ r Lodges and transient breth-
yembere tav ited to attend,
ten aK W U ™ ' g ]>. HAMILTON, W. M.
I my4 - lt -
\m\wj
THURSDAY, MAY 4, 1870.
[Yofetlion Hose Company.
Attend
regtiiar
meeting of the Company
“'““day) EVENING, at 8 o'clock.
TB iS (T ber is expected to be present as
«' ery °f importance will be transacted.
"Notice
bT steamship Huntsville, for New
sbippe that sbe will tall at 8 o'clock
York.
H. F. TRAIN.
are notified that she
T 0IS DAY. All freight engaged must be
F ' ,1 "il previous to that hour.
deliver* 1 P r j oaN F W HEATON,
Agent.
^ Notice.
•u, against the German steamship Berlin,
411 oinek, must be presented at our office
OP®". Thursday, May 4th, otherwise
before
]2 noon
Iment will be debarred.
J® 6 . KVnOP. HANP
BNOOP, HANNEMANN & CO.
Mozart Club.
Pifth Soiree Musicale will be given at
’* !lC , Tl] ] THIS (Thursday) EVENING, at 8%
H° urt 1 ' ‘ LOUIS KNORR, M. D.,
Sec'y and Treas’r.
myt'l 1 11
steamer Keliance
charter For farther information en-
P t0f B8AINARD & ROBERTSON,
Agents.
Notice.
oetition having been presented to the Board
Commissioners to have extended to
I'lm county the provisions of the Act entl -
* Act Relating to Fences and Stock, and
11 the Protection of Crops,” approved August
fot ,s-» ir is directed that notice of such peti-
JCth i*' 2 ’
tion 1
paired by the act.
h-iog died be published for twenty days as
Parties
interested please notice.
IP order of the Board of Commissioners of
.hitham and exKifficio Judges.
WM. H. BULLOCH,
,p29-20t_
Clerk C. C. C.
Notice.
The annual meeting of the Stockholders of the
.rkwkight man ufacturing company
■\| be held at the Theatre on the SECOND
tPESDYY (£>th day) OP MAY proximo, at four
« o'clock r. M., for the ELECTION OF NINE
,)! lllKJECTOKS for the ensuing year.
spriwtd
THOMAS C. CLAY, Secretary.
Nervous Exhaustion.
A MEDICAL ESSAY, comprising a series of
lectures delivered at Kahn’s Museum of Anatomy,
v e w York, on the cause and cure of Premature
[Kline, showing indisputably how lost health
cay be'regained, affording a clear synopsis of
lie impediments to marriage, and the treatment
M nervous and physical debility, being the result
|f weB ty years’ experience. Price, 25 cents.
Address the author, DU. L. J. KAHN, office and
residence 51 East 10th street, New York.
aprl-Gin
Piano Tuning and Repairing.
Pianos ami ans tuned and all musical in-
■Mments repaired at short notice, by
J. STRAUB,
Office 113 Bronghton street.
^ the latest and best music furnished for all
otcocODS. nov5-ly
Notice to Tax I'ajers.
ie Assessor’s books for the year 1876 are
in my office, and will be open for inspec
tor thirty days,
JOHN R. JOHNSON,
City Treasurer.
A Card.
To all who are suffering from the errors and
indiscretion of youth, nervous weakness, early
decay, loss of manhood, &c., I will send a recipe
lh*t will cure you, FREE OF CHARGE. This
great remedy was discovered by a missionary in
South America. Send a self-addressed envelope
to the Rev. Joseph T. Inman, Station D. t Bible
How, Sac York City.
mhl4-Tu,Th.Sa&w3m
Dental Copartnership.
i. F. Y. CLARE would say to his patrons
be has associated with him in the
ice of Dentistry Dr. A. G. BOUTON, a
er student. Graduate of the Baltimore Cote
of Dental Surgery, and for several years
instrator of Operative Dentistry in that In-
apr29-S ,Tu&Thtf
To the Consumptive
those who languish under the fatal severity
climate through any pulmonary complaint,
n those who are in decided consumption,
means despair. There is a safe and sure
yat hand, and one easily tried. “W’lbor’s
jund of Ood Liver Oil and Lime,” without
Bing the very nauseating flavor of the Oil
etofore used, is endowed by the phosphate
e with a healing property which renders
doubly efficacious. Remarkable testimo-
if its efficacy can be exhibited to those who
to see them. For sale by A. B. Wilbor,
ist, Boston. apr'29-Sa,Tu&Th3
The Quality of the Blood.
Upon the quality of the blood depends, in a
pat measure, the vigor and health of the body.
If the blood is wanting in nutritious properties,
the muscles are sure to be weak and flabby, the
flesh deficient in qu mtity, the skin sallow and
dry, the cheeks hollow, and the the eyes lustre
less. To improve the quality of the blood, stimu-
i»te digestion and assimilation with Hostetter’s
Stomach Bitters. Under the influence of this
crength-creating cordial the body is efficiently
nourished and the fl* sh grows, in consequence,
more abundant., the muscles become more com
pact, the cheek is tinged with a healthful color,
acd the eye regains its brightness. The Bitters
1*3 free the blood from impurities oy stimulating
itie kidneys and bowels to thoroughly perform
their duty of carrying off the refuse of the system,
r -ich, if not entirely got rid of, poisons the vital
current. apr29-Sa,Tu,Th&wl
Symptoms.—Slight pain in the side, the
skin and eyes assume a thick yellow coat,
digestion is impaired, an unpleasant sinking
Kas&tion at the pit of the stomach is expe
rienced, the bowels are irregular, the mind
fretful, the memory weakened, somelimes
i slight cough, coldness of the hands and
feet, sometimes loss of appetite and at
others unnatural craving for food, dizziness
of the head, depressed spirits, feeliDg of
uncertainty, of having left something un
done, but can’t tell what it is. Take Sim
mons’s* Liver Regulator, it will relieve all
unpleasant feelings and make you well.
ipr28-F,MAW,fwlw
PeppSr’a Patent Shirts, Only $1 25.
ire completely finished except button holes;
^ from Wamsutta Shirting and superfine
fruea, different styles of bosoms, open back and
front. A perfect fit guaranteed by sending size
of collar and measurement of arm from shoulder
to wristband. They are the cheapest and
^ fitting shirt ever offered to the public—only
® 25 ^oh. Cal] and see them at
Geo. F. Pepper’s,
J P**kf No. 131 Congress street.
We Can’t Talk
^niont showing the condition of our teeth.
3**7 laogh exposes them. In order not to be
of them, let us use Sozodont, which is
10 k eep them white and spotless, and to give
&>grance to every word we utter.
United we stand,” as the joined fragments
10 Spalding’s Glue. apr29-Sa,Tu,Th&wl
Gulf Railroad Money.
^7 person having more of the above
than they want can get rid of it to
of fry leaving an order for any kind
ml p m Stewart’s box, at Branch & Coop-
jp^jri^frton and Whitaker streets.
p A Few Left.
J**« tif ul Bilk umbrellas at $5. Hats and
8°°d8 at proportionately low
Hi ^ ard ’ s » 140 Congress street.
« J'lc-Nic Season,
ret. *H%ard’s, 140 Congress street, and
4 n °frfry frat or Stylish scarf. myl-tf
aQ d fancy hosiery at Altmayer’s,
• chea P- aorU-tf
pv •
ju« r °if e - st j aw goods, flowers and ribbons,
received at Altmayer’s. aprl4-tf
m fancy goods at 99 Cent Store.
*t titm.'S 8 l n embroideries and white goods
aprU-tf
Sw
‘PrlS-tf 808 f ° r eale at ° 6nt store -
haruard at.
l ? xtract 8. best quality only, low
^ 111 « Laniard st. ipr29
t,». tra8 °ls
W Roodf^Vf? 8 * fan efrains, jewelry and
B ’ a * Altmayer’s. aprl4-tf
4116 4olfc, at Altmayer’s at one dollar and
r and a ball. aprl4-tf
Siig^ ' ■ -—
at atl2 /^ and 14c.—latter with
’ die Red Grocery, 22 Barnard. ap21
» *. .
'■"'Sont”f.f erge Bhc « 8 at 99 Cent Store,
m^sale. aprl8-tf
^^8 out sale at 99 Gent Rtore. apr!8-tf
^VALIDS.
P Cre beiu, CI) _U
D8LL Cc ,
1<p B8UL
arrowroot.
"8 bISCOTINK.
QRANUM.
J Mt received at
O. BtTLER it CO’S.
Local or reading m i/w notice* 20 emit
ver line for each irwion.
Index te New Advertisement..
Mutual Protection Hose CompaDv meets this
evening.
Solomon’s Lodge No. 1, F. A. H., meets this
evening.
Soiree musicale of the Mozart Club this
evening.
Notice concerning bills against steamship
Berlin.
Notice to shippers per steamship Huntsville
for New York.
The Florida House is offered to rent from
Jnne 1.
Liverpool sa< k Balt for sale from wharf by
A. Minis ft Son.
A situation wanted aB cook in a private
family.
Embroideries, piques, etc., can be found at
Dixon’s.
Cider and white wine vinegar for sale bv C.
L. Gilbert ft Co.
Booms on Liberty street, near Barnard, to
rent.
Wagon, buggy and horses at auction, by J.
McLaughlin ft Son.
Groceries, provisions, etc., at auction, by
Bell, Sturtevant 4 Co.
Notice concerning the Free Press Publishing
Company.
Coronation and festival at Whitesville to
morrow.
First class country board for the spring and
summer.
Key West “Belle of Cuba” Cigars for sale at
Felipe’s.
A black lama lace shawl lost Sunday evening
on President street.
Maple syrup Just received and for sale by Jo.
C. Thompson.
Underwriter’s sale of the German bark Frits
at Brunswick.
Weather Report.
Probabilities for the South Atlantic States
to-day : High barometer, winds backing to
westerly and southerly, warmer aud clear
weather will prevail.
Savannah River at Augusta.
Observer’s Office, Savannah, May 3.—
The Signal Service dispatch from Augusta
to-day reports as follows :
Depth of river at 3 p. m., 17 feet 9 inches.
Rise of 10 feet 3 inches in the last 24 hours.
The Teacher**’ Entertainment.
Tho complimentary entertainment at the
Theatre last evening to the Georgia Teach
ers’ Association was a most signal success,
aud was in truth a repetition of the capital
entertainment given under the same aus
pices last month. The house was p&ckecf
by a fashionable and intelligent audi
ence, and the entire affair went off
satisfactorily and creditably. The tab
leaux were admirable, and elicited
enthusiastic applaiise, whilst the various
exercises iu calisthenics were exceedingly
interesting, especially to the numerous
strangers present, who were surprised at
the perfect training of the attractive young
misses.
Miss Farr and Miss Kollock were heartily
encored in their several songs. Wo have
not the space this morning to enter into any
detailed notice of the musical feature, and
can only say it was eminently fine. Prof.
Mallette was iu excellent voice, and of
course was applauded.
One little episode we cannot avoid no
ticing. After the tableaux of “ Tasso at the
Italian Court,” tho next feature upon the
programme was the Shadow Pantomime.
Mr. Stevens appeared before the footlights
and spoke as follows : “ Ladies and gentle
men—In consequenco of the inclemency of
the weather Iasi evening the preparation of
the Shadpw Pantomime has been impos
sible. In place of it, therefore, we have
the pleasure of presenting you au addi
tional tableaux, ‘A Scene in China.’ ” On
the rising of the curtain there appeared a
small table, on which rested a china pitcher.
From this protruded a miniature sign
board bearing in distinct characters the
words, “A Scene.” The sell was complete,
worthy of April Fool’s Day, and the en
thusiasm immense.
corporation proceedings *
Regular Semi-Monthly Meeting of Connell
GEORGIA TEACHERS
TION.
IN CONVEN
ED
Te
Council Chamber. I
Savannah, May 3, 1876.)
Council met iu regular semi-monthly ses
sion at 8 p. m.
Present—Mayor Anderson, presiding;
Aldermen Meyer, Lovell, Williams, Doug-
laBs, Hull, Eckman, Cunningham, and Wat
kins.
The miDutes of the preceding meeting
were read and approved.
BEPOBTS.
Compsittee oi* Accounts reported the sum
of $,2995 91 audited, and recommended the
same for payment.
Finance Committee reported adversely on
itition to appropriate $200 for expenses of
eathers’ Convention. Adopted.
Street and Lane Committee reported on
the petition of Mrs. Mary Prendergast, by
statement of Surveyor, that no encroach
ment had been made on said property.
Adopted.
Fire Committee reported favorably on the
f etitions of Mrs. Sniz&beth DUlon and J.
erlinski to make repairs, etc.
Committee reported favorably on petition
of A. G. Heyward to lease lot in Lloyd ward.
Adopted.
Special committee on petition of Timothy
Sheehan, administrator, for claim for land,
asked further time, for reasons stated.
Mr. D. A. O’Byrue, counsel for the peti
tioner, desired to be heard on the subject
before definite action was taken. Permis
sion was granted, and Mr. O’Byrne address
ed the board at length on the subject, set
ting torth the justice of the petitioner’s
claim.
On motion of Alderman Cnnningham the
report was received.
PETITIONS.
Petition of residents on Duffy street, com
plaining of the condition of cesspools on
that street. Referred to Street and Lane
Committee with power to act.
Petition ot P. Moriartv, trnatee, to repair
bnilding. Referred to Fire Committee.
Petition of B. R.‘Mitchell and Angus Mc-
Alpin for positions of inspectors of timber.
On motion, the appointments prayed for
were made.
The Treasurer submitted divers protests
against assessments, which were referred
to the Finance Committee.
APPEAL CASE.
Daniel Moses, fined $50 in the Police Court
for striking Lina Allen in a bar room, there
by disturbing the peace, appealed. Colonel
Lester, counsel for the defendant, stated that
after Moses had been fined the prosecutor had
gone before the grand jury and had de
fendant presented for assault with intent to
mnrder, and he thought it unjust that a
man should be liable to punishment twice
for the same offence. Ho therefore re
quested that the flue be remitted.
After brief discussion, on motion of Alder
man Meyer, the fine was remitted.
No other business, Council adjourned.
SECOND DAT’S PROCEEDINGS.
Soi ree-tl usicnle.
The fifth soiree-musicale of the Mozart
Club will take place this evening at Mozart
Hall. A fine programme has been arranged,
as will be seen by the annexed, and a pleas
ant treat mav be expected. We may men
tion here that the Georgia Teachers’ Asso
ciation have been invited to be present :
PABT FIBST.
1. Overture, “DieFelsenmuhle,”Reissiger
—Orchestra.
2. a. “Good Night, Beloved,” Pinsuti;
b. “The Inconstants,” Schuman—Chorus.
3. Sonato, ior Violin, “G minor,” com
posed iu 1721, Tartini;a. ; b. “Presto
non troppo;” c. “Largo;” d. “Allegro com-
modo”—Mr. E. Aug. Schultze.
4. Vocal Duet, “Cheerfulness,” Gumbert
—Mrs. J. B. Hoist and Miss Carrie Backus.
5. Song, “Qneen of the Night,” Torry—
Mrs. J. W. Cameron.
PABT SECOND.
6. Concert Overture, “Opus 44,” Kalli-
woda— Orchestra.
7. Vocal Quart6t, “Oh, Hear Me,” Rossini
—Mrs. Cameron, Miss Brooks, Messrs. Bates
and Re barer.
8. Tenor Solo, “When the Quiet Moon is
Beaming,” Schoendorf—Mr. P. H. Ward.
9. Aria and Chorus, “When He Thou
Lovest,” Bossini—Mrs. Cameron and
chorus.
Brown, the Mind Render.
This evening Mr. J. R. Brown, the won
derful mind reader, will make his bow for
the first time before a Savannah public, at
the Theatre. So much has been said about
this gentleman’s wonderful powers that
there is nothing to add. There has been a
general desire to see him, and we have no
doubt the house will be crowded. Tickets
may be secured at Schreiner’s to-day.
Tho Augusta Constitutionalist says; “Prof.
Brown gave two entertainments in this city
for the benefit of the Cavalry Survivors’
Association, for which he charged nothing.
These entertainments, we need not reiter
ate, were attended and witnessed by num
bers of the most learned and scientific gen
tlemen of Augusta, and the Professor was
subjected to the severest tests, in all of
which he convinced the moat skeptical of
his ability to perform such feats as he pro
posed.”
Funeral of Jlr. Martin Henses.
Tho funeral of Mr. Martin Henges took
place yesterday afternoon, and was largely
attended. The Savannah Schuetzen So
ciety. of which he was a member, escorted
tue remains to their last resting place, ac
companied by a band of music. The de-
ivased was an active member of the German
Volunteers during the war. He was born
ia Germany, but hid been a resident of Sa
x’ muah for" many yearB, and was forty-three
years of agm _
Temperance Affairs.
The St. John the Baptist T. A. B. Society
held their regular monthly meeting last
evening. Some petitions lor membership
were read and accepted. Copies of the con
stitution aDd by-laws of the Catholic Total
Abstinence Union of Georgia were distribu
ted among the members. Mr. E. J. Ken
nedy was elected a delegate to the conven
tion of the State Union, of which be is Vice
President, to be held in Atlanta July 9th.
Htlll at It.
Meyers, the five cent cigar man, has al
ready made his mark by advertising; he has
put a new (wooden) front in his store. Keep
a good article, sell at reasonable prices, and
advertise judiciously, and success will crown
yonr efforts. Don’t forget to buy your
cigars at Meyer’s, 35 Whitaker street. They
are the best “five centers” ever sold since
the “late unpleasantness.” All the dele
gates to the School Convention (except the
ladies) smoke them. ^ It
To the Druggists of Savnunah.
As Messrs. Pelzer ft King, of Charleston,
have made arrangements to advertise Sim
mons’s Hopatic'Compound or Liver Cure in
the Savannah Mobnino News, it is hoped
that the druggists will order some of this
well known and popular remedy. Testimo
nials from some of the best men in the
country will be furnished on application. It
Board for itae Summer
Sir. Carr, of the Planters’ Hotel, offers
good board and nice rooms at very low rates
fur the summer months. Board, without
rooms $20 per month; with rooms, $25.
Furnished rooms without board from $6 to
$12 per month. m . v4 - 6t
Osceola Butler, corner of Bull and Con
gress streets, has received a consignment
of “Holman’s Celebrated Fever and Ague
Pads " They cure chills and fever, bilhous-
ness and dyspepsia, by a simple external
" x. G<
It
application. &o and see them.
The Late A. T. Stewart.
Stewart, the deceased millionaire, made
his millions by selling goods at reasonable
prices, and letting the people know it. Mey
er ain't a millionaire yet, bnt the people
Low that his 5 cent cigars are the best in
town for the price. 01
Table board at Freil’s Cotton Exchange
Restaurant. Regular dinner every day at
Furnished rooms for gentlemen.
No. 6 Drayton street. m -
A good Butter at 30c., and choice May Butter
at 40c., at the Red Grocery. 22 Barnard st. my4
Kosher Smoked Be^UTsausages arrivedat
the Bed Grocery, 22 Barnard st. my
Matters and Things l.nconicnllv Noted.
The Police Court matinee yesterday was a
poor affair.
The Jasper Greens will have a hop at
their armory to-night, May 4th.
The deaths at Charleston last week num
bered twenty-eight, of which twelve were of
whites.
Mr. Andrew Nolen, an old merchant of
Charleston, died suddenly on Tuesday, aged
64 years.
Grand times at the Schuetzen Park to
day. 8ocial gathering of the Georgia Game
Association.
If you desire to be entertained, instructed
and interested, attend the Teachers’ Con
vention to-day.
An employee in Hayne’s flour mill was se
verely injured yesterday by being caught in
the machinery.
Rev. Dr. Leonidas Rosser, of Virginia, a
noted Methodist divine, is expected in
Charleston this week.
Councillor B. Wooten and R. N. Ely, of
Albany, were in attendance on the United
Slates Court yesterday.
The Cadets aro .making preparations for
their anniversary excursion on the 17th.
It will be a recherche affair.
Messrs. Parsons & Co. were liberal in their
floral contributions to tbe young ladies
taking part in tbe entertainment last night.
The pews in the new Cathedral have been
sold at good prices. Some of the choice
locations brought $100 premium over tbe
rate fixed.
Our community will be pleased to learn
that Dr. Arnold, who has been quite ill for
some days past, was considerably improved
in health yesterday.
Peruvian mathematics are certainly knot
ty, as you will find by reading the history of
arithmetic, in the proceedings of the
Teachers’ Convention yesterday.
The bona fide Peruvian arithmetic exhib
ited at tho Teachers’ Convention yesterday
by Prof. Sandford, is the most unique thing
in mathematics we have ever seen.
At a meeting of the Savannah Fire De
partment, held last evening, a committee
was appointed to make arrangements for a
parade and inspection on the 7th of June.
A company, already organized, propose to
light the city of Charleston with kerosene
street lamps at the rate of $10,000 per an
num. The present cost is $32,000. Note
the saving.
We learn that Mr. A. R. Hooke, who was
injured in the Hussars’ tournament on the
first, and who is at the Sisters’ Hospital,
was very low last evening, thongh there are
yet hopes of his recovery.
Some enthusiasts at the entertainment
last evening were willing to put up stamps
that (he young ladies who took part in the
calisthenic exercises are the best drilled
“company” in avannab.
H. Munger and A. Terrabee, lieutenants
of the Savannah Hussars, colored, won
prizes in the contest with the Grant Cavalry,
colored, at Charleston, on the lBt. The
former a silver goblet and the latter a silver
butter knife.
The Baptist Sunday School had a picnic
at Grimball’s point yesterday. The soholars
and teachers left in the Bteamcr Katie at
9 o’clock, and returned a little before dark
to the city, after having spent a very pleas
ant day.
The Savannah Schuetzen Feat and the
military.
We understand that an erroneous impres
sion exists among some of the military in
regard to the proposition of the Schuetzen
Society that teams be entered from the sev
eral companies to contend for prizes. The
opinion seems rife that only these teams aro
invited to the fest. This, we are authorized
aud requested to say, is erroneous. The en
tire military are invited to participate in the
enjoyments of the occasion, as ou the former
occasion, and the entrance fee of $20 is only
required from those companies that enter
teams for the shooting contest. The Schuet
zen will be glad to see all their military
friends, and only arranged the contest of
teams with entrance fees to give-additional
zest to the pleasures of the occasion. Seve
ral handsome prizes are to be awarded to
individuals, and there will also be a com
pany prize, which will be awarded that com
pany whose team makes the best average.
Extensive preparations have been made
for this event, and it is confidently antici
pated that it will be a grand one in every
respect. Certain changes have been made
in tbe price of admission that will be accept
able to the visitors. These changes will be
duly announced in an advertisement.
Several companies, five we think, have
entered teams for tbe contest, aud it is to
be hoped that all will do it—especially as it
is now known that the entire company is in
cluded in the invitation, and not simply the
team, as many have heretofore thought.
Trouble at Yemoiwee—A Riotous Neir*
Killed.
We learn through passengers who arrived
yesterday afternoon on the Savannah and
Charleston Railroad train, that during their
stoppage at Yemassee about noon a difficulty
occurred which resulted in the killing of a
negr * and that there were apprehensions
of serious trouble in consequence. Our in
formation is to the effect that a parasol was
taken from the eating house at that point
and was found in the p ^session of a negro,
who was swaggering about after the
train arrived. The proprietor of the
house claimed the article and demanded
its return. The negro refused to deliver it
up, and some words ensued, which resulted
in the darkey making a demonstration on
the proprietor with an axe. The latter re
treated, and was pursued in a threatening
manner by the negr(^ and. finally, in self-
defense, drew a pistol and fired upon him
several times, killing him instantly. The
shooting created considerable excitement,
aud we are informed that the Savannah
Hussars, who were on an excursion train re
turning from Charleston, following imme
diately behind the regular passenger train,
were very turbulent, aud threatened to kill
tbe proprietor, who was compelled
in consequence to leave lv*i house. Why
this body interfered in the affair we know
not, as our information is that the killing
was purely in self defense. They, however,
it seems, confined their action to threats,
and although creating great excitement, no
other lawlessness was committed. The
train leaving in & short time after the occur
rence, no farther particulars were ob
tained.
# A Fatal Accldeat.
We learn that Mr. Michael McGreal,
whose funeral took place yesterday after
noon, died from the effects of an injury re
ceived from an accident on Saturday even
ing. Whilst employed at work in the store
of Messrs. Claghorn & Cunningham he fell
through the hatchway and was badly in
jured. It was not thought, howevei, that he
was fatally hurt, and the accident did not
become generally known, but it is now
stated that bis skull was fractured. He died
yesterday morning about six o’clock. He is
said to have been an industrious and worthy
man and leaves a family to mourn his sud
den and terrible death. The funeral took
plaoe from the new Cathedral, the first
gince its dedication.
An Interestinir Ne»«lon—Election ef OBI-
ren—Emji and Lecture.
The Georgia Teachers’ Association con
vened for the second day yesterday morning
at 10 o’clock iu the Chatham Academy,
which proved a more desirable place than
Mozart Hall, the proceedings not being dis
turbed by continual racket iu the streets, as
was the case on the first day.
Tfie session was opened with prayer by
Rev. A. M. Wynn, of this city.
The President called for the report of the
Committee on Nomination of Officers for the
ensuing year. The chairman of the commit
tee, Mr. B. M. Zettler, presented the follow
ing list of
OFFICERS,
all of whom were unanimously elected :
President—B. Mallon, Atlanta.
First Vice President—8. P. Sanford, Ma
con.
Second Vice President—W. S. Bogart, Sa
vannah.
Third Vice President—G. A. Holcombe,
Louisville. Ga.
Fourth Vice President—Jos. T. Derry, Au
gusta.
Fifth Vice President—G. J. Orr, Atlanta.
Secretary—J. H. Chappell, Bethany.
Treasurer—W. B. Bonnell, Macon.
Mr. W. H. Baker, chairman of tbe Com
mute on tbe Secretary’s Report, announced
that the committee recommended the adop
tion of the Virginia Educational Journal as
the medium of publication for auother year,
on the same terms as those of the year just
ended. After some discussion, in wliich
the participants were Messrs. Stevens, Park,
Zettler, Calvin and Moore, the report of the
committee was adopted.
THE PHONETIC METHOD 6F TEACHING.
Dr. B. H. Washington, of Augusta, then
introduced an iliuj-tration of the phonetic
chart method of teaching to read. Dr.
Washington is a graduate of the Nashville
University, and is distinguished as a scholar
aud mao of letters. He has given this
method a thorough trial aud is fully satis
fied with its merits. The chart, which con
tains some three thousand words, was ex
hibited on rollers, and the method of teach
ing was lucidly explained by the gentleman
as he proceeded.
Perhaps it may be well enough to remark
at the outset, said Dr. Washington, that
though this is styled a “phonetic chart,” yet
I have no phonographic characters nor any
Josh Billings style of spelling by sound *
Webster’s orthography, printed in Roman
letters, is used throughout.
It is styled a phonetic chart simply be
cause tbe words are phonetically arranged
so that as far as practicable each word when
learned will assist in the acquisition of tho
next succeeding one. The first saving of
time is effected by tho mode of teaching the
alphabet. Instead of telling my scholars six
times that a certain shaped letter is to be
called b, they are made to spell ba, be, bi,
etc., at once, and they learn the power of
the letters by the time they learn the shape,
and can go right to spelling. Several weeks
can easily be saved by teaching them the
powers of the letters at the same time the
shape is taught.
The second saving of time is effected in
consequence of the chart being far more
agreeable to the scholars to learn from than
is the spelling book. As a general rule the
scholars dislike the spelling book, and as a
general rule they like to learn on the chart,
aud, as a matter of course, will learn more
rapidly with tbe latter than with the
former. The third saving of time
is effected iu consequence of all
the hard, repulsive catch words
being left out and reserved for intermediate
and grammar grades. Such words as
freight, height, lymph, sylph, heir, are not
m cessarily easy to learn, because they are
monosyllables, and yet they are placed in
the first part of most spelling books for the
young scholars to learn, and it is no wonder
so many of them are perfectly disgusted
with everything in tho suape of a book.
The fourth saving of time is effected be
cause we can excite suefi activity of mind
and gain such control over their attention
that many of them will learn their lessons
at the first trial.
The ordinary plan is for the scholar to re
peat each word over from four to eight or
tea times, and then go on to the next word,
and if he can be trained so as to learn his
lesson at one trial, of course, three-fourths
of his time at the very least will be saved.
Tbe fifth and largest saving of time is
effected by teaching the scholars right from
the beginning to spell by the eye. If a
teacher has any vim aad energy about him
and mesmeric control by voice’ and eye, he
can soon get his class uuder absolute con
trol; and if he has not such qualities, he
had better change his employment.
I use a pointer and stand so as to keep
my eye ou the class as much as on the
chart, train them to keep their eyes fixed
on the end of the pointer, and follow it
wherever it goes; also, to spell as rapidly as
possible, and keep them so actively engaged
they have not time for wandering thoughts.
By thus managing I can infuse into them
the same unifying enthusiasm that is
observable in a body of troops when
charging; though, of course, in a less
degree, and keep them delighted with the
pleasing consciousness of steady and rapid
progress. The first time the class goes over
a lesson all are made to spell in concert, and
alter a short training a very large propor
tion of them will be aj^le to learn tbeir lesson
at tbe first trial.
The next time they are called up they are
made to go over the same lesson, spell the
words in a whisper and pronounce them
aloud, and they soon learn to spell by the
eye at a single glance. I have plenty of
scholars who can pronounce words in four
or five syllables just as rapidly as I can
throw the pointer from word to word with
out a single second’s delay. I cannot do it
any faster myself. This mode of spelling by
Lhe eye is just as superior to the usual pro
cess of spelling each letter singly by the
mouth as a locomotive is to the old-time
wagon.
On the third Monday in last September a
scholar named Lena Sanders came to my
school, who did not know ail her letters,
aud in exactly three weeks I took her to
the Richmond Academy and examined her
before Professors Derry and West, and she
spelt finely in words of two, three and four
syllables.
This rapidity of spelling by the eye is
transferred from the chart to the reader,
aud would certainly justify me in claiming
this a reading chart as well as a spelling
one, but I knew if it was called a r« ading
chart without any reading exercises on it
people would consider me a fool: neverthe
less I do teach reading on it with great ra
pidity.
They should all be made to pronounce
aloud, without spelling aloud in concert, and
then each one taken singly, otherwise they
will rely upon a few sprightly leaders, just
as iu singing, and not spell the words for
themselves. Each one should be required
to pronounce from two to ten lines, accord
ing to the size of the class, and the sprightly
ones should not be allowed to speak unless
a mistake is made. I always have so much
enthusiasm excited that, unless restrained,
the sprightly ones will always anticipate the
slower ones ; it is best, therefore, to keep
s 11 silent aud watching to correct a mistake,
and by this plan, while a single scholar is
pronouncing, we are trainingithe others to
control their minds and keep their attention
fixed for a considerable length of time.
There -is only one trouble attending the
u*e of the chart, but that is got rid of in
three or four days : After running through
some half a dozen words in which there is a
harmony of sound, they will catch the first
three or four letters of the next word and
finish off by guessing that the rest of the
word will be a repetition of the sound run
ning the preceding words. Just keep those
in who guess, and let those go who do not
guess, and you will soon have all pronoun
cing without guessing.
In fact, my sprightly scholars can read so
easily that I skip them into McGruffey’s
Third Reader at once, aud no one would
over be able to tell from their reading that
it was their first book. Tbe slow ones it
would be best to take through the First
and Second Readers.
The grandest benefit, however derivable,
from the use of the chart is not from the
rapidity of progress but from the thorough
discipline of mind which the teacher can
give. I can keep my small scholars so
actively and pleasantly engaged that they
will run through an exercise lasting full
three-quarters of an hour without wander
ing thoughts. Ou the other hand, with a
spelling book in hand, if a teacher can get
his scholars to study five minutes without
stopping he is doing a good business. At
the end of three-quarters of au hour they
are allowed to rest and amuse themselves
by drawing figures and letters on their slates
so as to keep them quiet. About half-past 10
a short recess of about 15 minutes is given to
the small scholars, and at twelve a recess to
all. Thus their minds are not developed at
the expense of their bodies. The older
scholars can run through exercises, lasting
an hour to au hour aud a half without being
wearied, and by giving ihe scholars so early
in life such thorough control over their
minds we shall be able to develop scholars
who will far excel those who are now learn
ing to control their minds by three minute
snatches at a repulsive spelling book.
Now, iu conclusion, I shall make a grand
claim and call your especial attention to the
proof. I claim that by the various advan
tages above enumerated scholars can be
taught mors than four times aa fast as by
the ordinary and general method.
Id the city of St. Louis the programme
of studies require the scholar to read to 233
page of Fifth Reader in first auarter of the
sixth year. Nashville about the same time.
New Haven requires the seventh year to
reach the Fifth Reader, and few cities re
quire less than the sixth year.
The Doctor was frequently interrupted
during his exposition by questions concern
ing the details, and the method was sub
jected to pretty free criticism, Messrs.
Zettler,MallOD, Baker, Lancaster, and others
participating.
At its conclusion Mr. Mallon took the
floor and stated that he had listenefl with
interest and pleasure to the exposition of
the Doctor, and the various questions
and explanations. He was very favorably
impressed with some features of the
method. The classification of simple words
of similar formation was an excellent idea,
and by this method it would be readily ac
knowledged that tbe gain was mechanical,
; the facility of learning- words at a glance
: being facilitated. This was a decided ad
vantage, and he considered that such drill
ing was very essential to the scholar.
He was, however, opposed to the rapid
i pushing of the pupil, and favored
t more preparation and a better knowl-
j edge of the meaning of words before
putting a scholar into the Fifth Reader.
There were excellent points in tBb method
and a partial adoption of it would prove ad
vantageous in the instruction.
Dr. Washington read the following certifi
cate, showing how his method is regarded
in Augusta, where he has had it in practice
in his school for some time:
Augusta, Ga., April 21, 1676.
We, the undersigned members of the normal
class of Augusta, hereby certify that at our usual
session this evening Dr. B. H. Washington ex
amined four scholars, the oldest only about eight
and a half years of age, who had been taught to
read by his phonetic chart method. Three of
them read various pieces in Sterling's Fifth
Reader (fully equal to the Sixth Reader of other
series) in prose and poetry, including Prentice's
celebrated “Close of the Year” in blank verse,
and their performances for accuracy of accent.
Intonation and emphasis, were really astonish
ing, and their ready, easy style of execution
showed great familiarity with even the most diffi
cult words. These results accomplished in the
case of two of the scholars, Misses Addle Tice
and Alice Ivey, in twelve to sixteen months
actual tuitian from their letters, are truly re
markable.
We, however, without hesitation, say that
such results have not been attained solely by Dr.
Washington’s skill and experience in teaching,
for we have his charts in our own schools and we
find the scholars learning from them much more
eagerly than from books, and we can excite such
activity of intellect and intense attention among
them that knowledge is firmly fixed in their
memories with great facility. We, therefore,
cordially recommend Dr. Washington’s “Pho
netic Cnart” method of teaching and spelling as
decidedly the most rapid and efficient plan ever
presented to the public; and we assure all teach
ere that such complete mastery over the atten
tion of all scholars can be attained that their own
labors will be very much lightened, and the trus
tees will soon And their prime cost saved in con
sequence of the rapid progress of the scholars.
J. D. C’OLVEBT,
Principal Third Ward School.
P. M. M ulhssin.
Principal Third Ward School,
Mis3 C. E. Stewart,
Principal Fourth Ward School.
Mrs. L. J. Peck,
Principal Fourth Ward School.
Miss Mary E. Holliday,
Principal First Ward School.
Mrs. C. P. Bailey,
Principal First Ward School.
We have had ample proof of the great value of
Dr. Washington’s chart, and cheerfully recom
mend it for general use.
F. Cogin,
Trustee Fourth Ward.
E. J. O’Connor,
Trustee Fourth Ward.
Gen. M. a. Stovall,
Trustee Fourth Ward.
I have used Dr. Washington's chart, and fit d it
of great assistance, not only with beginners, but
those farther advanced, and think it of the
greatest advantage to both pupil and teacher.
Mias L. E. Flexing, Principal,
Summerville.
The chart was officiary approved and recom
mended by Major A. H. McLaws, School Com
missioner of Richmond county, to tho Board of
Education, referred by them to the Committee
on Text Books, reported on favorably by the
committee, and unanimously recommended ft>r
use by the whole Board of Education for Rich
mond county.
BECEB8.
On .motion of Mr. B. M. Zettler, a recess
of five minutes was taken iu order to allow
of social converse among tbe members and
au interchange of views.
At the expiration of the recess the Presi
dent announced that an essay on the
HISTORY OF ARITHMETIC
would be read by Sheldon P. Sanford, Esq.,
Professor of Mathematics in Mercer Uni
versity.
We had not anticipated this essay with any
great pleasure, inferring from the title that
it would be a ri^er dry and heavy discus
sion of problems, cube roots, fractions, etc.,
or something similar, but were never more
agreeably disappointed and entertained.
Iu fact it was with genuine pleasure that we
heard the subject so felicitously set forth
by the learned gentleman, and were greatly
edified and instructed by what we heard.
Prof. Sandford is a tall, middle-aged
gentleman of tine, appearance, and very
pleasant, benevolent countenance. He
was briefly introduced by the Presi
dent, and commenced by saying that
Macaulay, tho great Euglish essayist, when
a student in college, in writing to a friend,
expressed himself on the subject of mathe
matics thus : “Oh, that I had words to ex
press my abomination of this science.” I
am fully aware that the subject of my pro
posed essay is usually regarded as dry, ex
cessively dry, so dry that many people, at
the very mention of the word, are thrown
into a cold perspiration, and look upon a
man who can find pleasure in mathematical
researches as fit only fra lunatic asylum.
I will only say, however, as Mr. Brutus said
ou a more important occasion : “Hear me
for my cause, and be silent that ye may
hear.” Arithmetic is among the oldest of
sciences ; its beginning runs far back iuto
the mists of antiquity. History fixes neither
tho original author, nor the time of its be
ginning. The necessities of mankind, even
in the earliest ages, would have demanded
some knowledge of numbers. Iudeed, it
would be almost impossible for society to
exist without some acquaintance with num
bers. In every form of civilized society,
there must be trade aud commerce, and this
commerce can only be carried on by num
bers. The idea of numbers would he sug
gested to men, in the multiplicity of objects
arouod them—in tho stars of Heaven—in
the trees of the forest—iu their own flocks
and herds, and in ten thousand other ob
jects. At first their powers of numeration
would be of very limited extent, and before
the art of writing was invented, it must have
depended on memory, or such artificial helps
as might most readily be obtained.
Arithmetic had its origin in its necessity;
and its improvement has, in general, kept
pace with the increasing wants of society ;
hence, among nations whose wants are few
and easily satisfied arithmetic has scarcely
made any progress beyond its rudimentary
principles. It is said that there are tribes
in the islands of the South Sea who are un
able to count, aud if you ask them how far
it is to any particular place their answer
will be something like this: “By the sea, by
the sea, by the sea,” or “through the woods’,
through the woods, through the woods,” re
peating these phrases an indefinite number
of times, so as to give you some faint idea
of the distance. I expect these folks con
sider arithmetic as somewhat “dry.”
Whilst we, in common with all the refined na
tions of the world, adopt the decimal scale and
reckon by tens, yet this practice is not universal.
Some nations have used the binary scale and
reckon by twos; others have employed the quina
ry scale and reckon by fives; whilst some of the
early nations of Europe us» d the ricenary system
and reckoned by twenties. And yet each of
these methods of numeration had its origin from
a natural and obvious source. The possession of
tiro hands gave rise to the binary method, the
fingers of one hand the quinary, the fingers of
both hands the decimal t and the fin*ere and toes
combined the vicenary system; for although since
the invention of gaiter boots toes have gone out
of fashion, yet there was a time, in the days of
Arcadian innocence and simplicity, when toes
were as frequently to be met with as fingers.
In their first computations men would have
recourse to their ten fingers, and hence they
would be naturally led to distribute numbers into
periods, each of which consisted of ten units. A
man would proceed to count a number of arti
cles, and, to aid the memory, he puts a finger
down upon the table for each one he counts. Of
course, he goes as far as ten, and then reckons
his fingers over again, making now two tens, and
fo on. In order to know the number he counts,
he must keep a record of how many times he has
counted ten, which he Coe6 with his fingers. In
this way he counts ten tens, which he may call a
hundred; then he counts ton of these hundreds,
which he may call a thousand, and so on. We
will suppose a iarmer wishes to count his wheat.
He fiast ties it up in small bunches; he then puts
ten of these bunches together, and calls it a
sheaf; he now puts ten of these sheaves together
aud calls It a shock; he then puts ten of these
shocks together and calls it a stack.
Mr. Sandford here gave a practical illus
tration with a chart of how the farmer
would count his wheat, using symbols to
represent the sheaf, shock and stack, and
very lucidly explained how it could be varied
in twenty-four different methods:
roman notation#
The Romans, as all this audience know, em
ployed some of the letters of their alphabet in
the representation of numbers. The Greeks and
the Hebrews used a method very similar in prin
ciple to the Romans. The Greeks a d the Ro
mans were undoubtedly the most highly culti
vated nations of antiquity. Their learned men
were scholars in almost every sense of the word,
and they have left the noblest monnments of
language of auy nations upon ear h; and yet, as
a people, they never excelled in mathematics.
It is true, the Greeks were great in geometry,
and the works of some of their geometricians,
such as Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras, and
others, have left comparatively little more to be
discoveied in the line of geometry. With this
single exception the Greeks, like the Homans,
made but little advancement in mathematical
science, and especially were they very inferior in
arithmetic. Now, how is this to be explained ?
It cannot be accounted for on the score of want
of genius; their progress in almost every de
partment of literat-ire and science fproves this.
It cannot be attributed to the want ot interest in
the subject because it was “dry”-#-tbey were an
inquisitive people, and they pushed their investi
gations into subjects vastly ‘Tlryer ’ than mathe
matics. Why then were they such poor mathe
maticians ? A little examination wifi, I think,
exp ain the reason.
Let us imagine ourselves transported to Rome
in its palmiest days, when her victorious eagles
waved over land and sea. Let ns enter a school
on the Capitoline llilJ, where Sempronius Grac
chus, Marcus Tull us Cicero, Virgil and Horace
were school boys. The class in arithmetic is
called up—the lesson for the day is in mu tiplica-
tlon. A question is propounded to Master Hor
ace: “What would be the cost of 19 bushels of
salt at 88 denarii per bushel ? n Master Horace
advances to the blackboard, and begins by writ
ing down 88 denarii.
The speaker here gave a similar explana
tion by chart of how this would be done, the
Roman numerals being used.
I am inclined to think that this multiplication
exercise rather worried Master Horace and
divers others of those Roman lads; wouldn’t be
surprised if they found it slightly dry. Horace
himself tells us, that in the olden time, the
schoolmasters used to give their pupils sweet-
cakes in order to quicken their ardor for learn
ing tbe rudiments. If this multiplication ex
ercise was a fair sample of tbe “rndiments,” I
am inclined to think the schoolmasters were
right, for the lads would certainly require some
very active stimulant, either in the shape of
sweet-cakes, or more likely, of “lignum vitae. ”
1 have thus given yon some faint conception of
the exceeding irksomeness of the Roman
multiplication. As for their rule of division, no
other epithet coaid filly characterize it, except to
say it was perfectly awful.
'The principles underlying the Greek arithmetic
are so nearly allied to those of the Roman, that
the same elucidation will answer for each. Do
yon ask why the Greeks and the Romans made
so little advance in arithmetical science 7 The
reason is plain. In ft is found in their cumbrous,
on wieldly, complicated system of numeration,
which gave the young student an ineffable dis
gust for the whole science, and divert'd his at
tention to pursuits more congenial to his taste.
EGYPTIAN NOTATION.
We come now to the Egyptians. Their system
of arithmetical notation was simple in principle,
but exceedingly cumbrous and laborious in its
practical details. Instead of our nine digits,
they n presented the first Dine numbers by a cor
responding number of straight marks.
Mr. Sanford here exhibited another chart
with the Egyptian characters, and explained
their method of computation in an interest
ing manner.
This system answered the purposes ot the
Egyptians, but in the details of numerical com
putation, especially in multiplication and divis
ion, it must have been laborious and irksome to
the last degree. Wouldn’t be at all surprised if
some of the Egyptian boarding-school misses
considered arithmetic a “dry"’ study—not half so
interesting a? works like the “Arabian Nights.
CHINESE ARITHMETIC.
We will next consider the arithmetic of the
Chinese. John Chinaman is an odd genius, and
this oddity appears no less in his arithmetical
system than in his “canine” pies. Instead of
employ! "g ten different characters or digits, as
we do, John introduces thirteen, and all amounts
are written prec : sely as they are to be read. Tne
numbers one, two and three are represented by a
correspon iog number of straight marks, and we
would naturally expect they would be written,
as other people write them; but the “Heathen
Chinee” has a way of doing things, “sui generis J
after his own style. You know when he reads a
book he begins at the end and reads toward the
beginning, and so, instead of making his straight
marks to run up and down, he writes them hori
zontally. [Chart explanations weie here given.]
Their arithmetic is mechanical, and to find the
aggregate of numbers, eitner by addition or
multiplication, a machine called the “ Schwaw-
ptn” is in universal requisition, from the man
of letters down to the lowest “ginger-pop”
shopman. This “schwaw-pan ” is simply a
shallow case divided longitudinally by & bar,
and crossed by several wires. On one side of
this bar the wires carry five balls strung on like
beads, and on the other side they carry two
balls. The five balls on any wire may stand for
unt'fa, then tbe two balls below stand for five
units each. When the balls on any wire stand
for units those next on the right stand for tens,
tbe third for hundreds, and so on. Simple cal
culations are made on this “ schwaw-pan ” or
calculating board with great accuracy and
rapidity, but the machine is a more convenient
index lor ihe progress and result cf a calculation
performed in the h.-ad, than a regular notation
ot it through all the process; in other word-, the
■calculations are made in the head, and the
“schwaw-pan” merely serves the purpose of re
cording the answer—there is no such thing as
going back to correct any error made except to
return to the very beginning. The Chinese, in
fact, have three sorts of digits—one, the kind I
have just shown you, a second somewhat dif
ferent in character, aud a third exceedingly com
plicated and difficult to imitate. This latter
kind is employed ©n bank bills, checks, &c., so
a* not to be easily counterfeited. The Chinese
have a number of treatises on arithmetic, in
which the rules are explained and illustrated by
questions and examples.
One of these treatises is in five volumes, octavo.
This treatise, however, dwindles into insignifi
cance, compared with another work, the title of
which is: “The Mathematics of the Lager-
stroemia Hill Institute,’’ in thirty six volumes,
each about the size of Loomis’s Algebra.
Wouldn’t be sui prised if some portions of this
work were slightly dry.
ANCIENT MEXICANS.
In our historical researches, we now come to
the Ancient Mexicans. They differed a little
from other nations, in counting by twenties in
stead of by tens. The numbers one, two, three,
four and five had specific symbols and names. The
numbers after five were represented by combining
the fifth with one of the four preceding; as five
aud one for six—five and two for seven, and so
on. Ten and fifteen had each a separate symbol,
which was combined with the first four to ex
press a higher number—for instance, 13 was
formed by combining 10 aud 3; 19 by combin
ing 15 aud 4, and so on. Twenty was expressed
by a separate and distinct hyroglyphic—a jlag.
Larger numbers were reckoned by twenties, and
in writiDg, by repeating the number of fl igs thus:
two flags indicated/"rfy; 3 flags sixty, aud so on
up to 19 twenties inclusive. Twenty twenties, or
4'JO, had a separate sign, that of a magnificent
plume; and so had tweidy 4‘JO’s or 8,000, which
was indicated by a purse or sack. This was the
whole arithmetical apparatus of the Mexicans, by
the combination of which they were enabled to
indicate auy number, however large. For greater
expedition, they used to denote fractions of the
larger sums by drawing only a part of the object,
which represented it thus; half or three-
fourths of a plume, or of a pu*se, repre
senting that proportion of these respective sums.
Yet, with ail these helps, the machinery will ap
pear very awkward and cumbrous to us, who
nave been accustomed from childhood to perform
our commercial computations by means of tbe Ar
abic digits. It is, however, not much more awk
ward than the system pursued by the great
mathematicians of antiquity, who were unac
quainted with the brilliant invention, which has
revolutionized arithmetical science.
ANCIENT PERUVIANS.
We come now to a system of arithmetical com
putation certainly the most unique of the many
plans devised by human ingenuity. I refer to that
of the ancient Peruviana. And fortunately, I am
happy in bciDgable to present to this appreciative
audience a regular Peruvian arithmetic—“latest
edition.” Here is the document. This arithme
tic was called a “Quipu.” The “Qnipu” was a
cord usually two or three feet long, lrom which a
quantity of smaller cords were suspended, in the
manner of a fringe. The top cord was much
thicker than the suspended strings, and some
times it measures fifteen or twenty inches in
length; the pendent strings are sometimes two
feet in length, though usually they are much
shorter. The shorter strings were of different col
ors, each color having its own distinctive signifi
cation. The color for soldiers was red; for gold,
yellow; for silver, white; for corn, green, etc.
t hese shorter threads were dexterously tied into
knots, single, double, triple, quadruple, etc. The
knots served instead of ciphers, aud could be
combined in such a m inner as to represent num
bers to any extent required. Each single knot on
any string represented ten; each double knot stood
tor a hundred; each triple knot for a thou*and,etc.
Two single knots standing together made twenty,
aud two double kuots, two hundred; two triple
knots, two thousand, and so on. By means of
these Campus they went through their calculations
with great rapidity, and, a* is stated, with aston
ishing accuracy. In each district, some expert
men were appointed to tie the knots of the
“(iuipua,” ac i tj explain them. These men
were called ‘‘Quipucarnay ocuna," or, in our
language, “officers of the knots.” These officers
a:quired great dexterity in their calculations by
means of the knots, and were required to furnish
the government with information on divers im
portant matters. One had charge of the reve
nues, corresponding to our “Secretary of the
Treasury,” and reported the quantity of raw ma
terial distributed among the laborers, the quan
tity of fabnes made from it, and tbe amount of
stores of various kinds paid iLto the royal
trea«ury. Another kept the register of
births and deaths, the marriages, the num
ber of the militia, aDd the like details in
reference to the population of the empire. These
returns were forwarded to the capital, where they
were submitted to the inspection of officers ac
quainted with the art of deciphering these mystic
records. The government was thug provided
with a valuable mats of statistical informati n,
aud the skeins of many colored threads collected,
aud carefully preserved, constituted what might
be called the national archives. The office of the
-ecretary of the Treasury” must have been a
funny looking place. Imagine yourself intro
duced into that functionary’s sanctum, and in
stead of fine walnut cases, with glass doors, filled
with rows of books neatly bound and labeled,
you are ushered into an apartment with the walls
aud ceilings festooned with rows of “(^uipns,”
variegated with all the hues of the rainbow. Or,
fancy yourself at a dress parade of a battalion,
and at its close, when the reports from the com
panies are called for, eee each Captain step up to
the Adjatant, and instead of a neatly-folded
document, draw from his pocket a bundle of
variagated cords, which he hands over to the
commanding officer. Perhaps, however, we
had better visit the school-room. Let us
imagine oui selves entering one of the s:hool-
-rooms of those days, when the pupils are
earnestly at work, studying arithmetic. In
stead of finding tne young mathematicians
quietly at work on their problems, with slate and
pencil, or with blackboard and chalk, we find the
schoolmaster seated ou the floor, with his stu
dents around him, learning the mysterious art of
tieing knots in cords, or the still more myste
rious process of deciphering them, after they are
tied. Rode and inconvenient as they were, the
‘(Julpus” answered all the purposes of arithmeti
cal computation demanded by the Peruvians,
although but a miseiable substitute for that
beautiful contrivance, the Arabic notation,
which we, in common with all the enlightened
nations of the earth, now enjoy.
But really the Peruvian method of keeping ac
counts was not much behind the pi n that we
have heard of being pursued in some of the
rural districts” of our own country. We infer
so from a law case that was reported to have oc
curred “out West.” It seems that a gentleman in
that region set up an establishment for the sale of
goods, which he digaified with the name of
“Family Grocery.” It was before the war, and
therefore dates back before the days of “Cash”
payments. Doing busiuess on a “Credit,” he was
uuder the necessity of keeping accounts. He,
however, did not keep books by “double entry,”
except when he occasionally happened to charge
the same article twice, it seems this grocery man
brought a suit for debt against a farmer iu the
neighborhood, and on the trial he insisted that on
certain occasion he had sold the farmer a
cheese, and the farmer stoutly denied
ever having bought a cheese. The case became
so knotty that the justice required the merchant
to produce his books, which he did ; and sure
enough, opposite to certain hieroglyphics, which
represented the farmer’s name, there stood this
charge, O. Of course, everybody skilled in
bookkeeping would know that this represented a
cheese. T he caae seemed in a fair way
to go against the ^farmer, a r d the learned
Justice was about to pronounce his decision
accordingly. Just then the farmer inter
>- sed, and said: “May it please yoar
lonor, I do remember on the occasion stated, to
have bought a grindstone,” “Certainly, certain
ly,” said the grocery man, “I remember it all now
—I made a mistake in my entry; I forgot to make
a bole for the handle of the grindstone, and s')
charged it a cheese instead.” But this is a di
gression—we will ret am to the (£uipas. We
must not underrate the value of the Peruvian
system of arithmetic, nor mast we suppose that
the Quipus were as awkward an instrument
in the haods of a practiced Peruvian, as they
would be in ours. We know the effect of habit
all mechanical operations, and their is
no doubt about the dexterity and accuracy
of the Peruvians in this. Awkward aa the Quipus
were, they supplied the means of c jlculation de-
inded for the affaire of a great nation. A ves-
(as all Latin scholars know) literally meal
“pebble-carrying,” derived from “calculus.”
small stone or pebble, and “latua,” carrying.
The Roman method ot performing arithmetical
operations being so very tedious and irksome,
they sought some more expeditious method, and
accordingly they invented what they called an
“Abacus,” which was a sort of shallow box,
somewhat resembling a “back-gammon” board,
about twelve or fifteen inches square, divided off
into narrow partitions by thin stripe of wood.
Each of these little troughs or partitions,
served for receiving small pebbles, about the
size of the marbles with which school boys play
“knocks” and other “classic” games. Each peb
ble in the first trough stood for a unit; each one
in the second trough denoted a ten; those in the
third represented Amndreds; ttiefourth, thousands,
and so on. [Examn’e given on chart.]
Among the Roman aristocracy there were men
employed whose sole business was to make calcu
lations just in the manner I have described, and
these men were called “calculatores.” literally
“pebble carrier?,” almost identically the same as
our word “calculators.” These men made calcu
lation a profession and offered their services to
the public for a compensation, just as account
ants and bookkeepers do at the present day. The
method I have just described was also employed
by the Greeks, by the Egyptians, by the Hindoos
and various other nations. 1 have no donbt some
one will be ready to say: “Why, the method you
have explained is practically the same a* ours,’
So it te. “Why, then, did they not adopt onr
system of notation?” That is a question I can
not answer. Our method of no ation would
seem to have been within their grasp—they had
their hands right on ir, but they failed to reach
it, and they left it for aL other people to be the
benefactors of mankind by the bestowal of the
most beautiful, and, at the same time the most
simple invention, which has superceded all
others, and wkich is destined to last as long aa
the “sun and moon endure.’
The speaker here referred again to the
wheat illustrations, aud after giving several
explanations by different methods, con
tinued :
“Well,” you say, “that is all very simple
and easy.” My friend, you have heard the story
of Columbus and the egg. After the discovery
of this new world by Columbus, some of the
•European savants were disposed to disparage
the greatness of the achievement, and to in
sist that there was no remarkable sagac
ity required to come to the conclusion that
there must be a great Western continent to serve
as an equipoise to the Eastern world. Columbus
heard of the remarks of these learned gentlemen,
and at a literary assembly, when they were all
gathered a ound a table, he requested them to
make an egg stand upright on the table. Each
of them tried his hand, but did not succeed. At
last it came to Co'umbus’s inro. He took the
egg, and, bringing it down upon the table with a
force sufficient to slightly Indent the shell, the
egg stood upright. “'Why, that is all very simple
and easy,” sain one of the savants. “Very sim
ple and easy when 3 ou know how/’ responded
Columbus. And 60, my iriend, the plan of de
termining the value of any figure, by the place
it occupies, is all very simple and easy when you
know now; but as simple and as easy as it ap
pears, it took the worli nearly four thousand
years to find it out. The Greeks and the Romans,
those master nations of antiquity, failed to dis
cover the art of considering each figure as deriv
ing a value from the place in which it stands, as
simple and as easy as it now looks to us. We
have become so familiar with this grand inven
tion—I repeat the word, grand invention—that
we have lost sight of its greatness in its wonder
ful simplicity.
The cipher, therefore, which in and of itself
represents nonentity, absolutely nothing, yet plays
a very important part in arithmetic; so much so
that arithmetic was formerly called ciphering.
The cipher, therefore, which of itself is absolute
ly nothing, yet when in its proper place is actu
ally the most important digit of the entire ten.
You see this curious and wonderful arithmetical
truth sometimes illustrated in fhe phases of soci
ety. Oftentimes you meet with a cross, crabbed,
morose, tour specimen of the biped genus, com
monly known as an old “bachelor,” who thus out
of place is really and truly reckoned 0; but place
him alongside of a neat, kind-hearted, sensible
specimen of the feminine variety, and now he
counts 10 instead of cipher. The cipher answers
the same purpose in arithmetic that blank types
do in printing. Did you never see a printer set
ting type? He runs his fiogers nimbly over the
letters and every now and then he slips in a little
thin piece of metal which he calls a “blank
type.” This blank type, you know, has no letter
on the end of it, and a million of them wouldn’t
spell a word, but still they are just as important
as the types with letters—in fact, they are more
important, because yon might occasionally drop
out a letter from a word and still make out the
word; but if you failed to put in the blank types
at the proper places the words would all run to
gether worse than a case of “confluent” small
I>ox. I remember an instance of this “con
fluence” of words, that occurred when I was a
b^y at school. There was a lad in the school
who was not the possessor of more brains than
two boys ought to have, and who was endeavor
ing to master the mysteries of that profound
work, “The New Y'ork Spelling Book,” which,
mayhap, some of you have seen. In the latt -.r
part of this profound treatise on the spelling art,
there are a few pages devoted to what we boys
used to call “dictionary.” It consisted of a few
words alphabetically arranged, with short defi
nitions to each. The first word on the list was
abet,” and the definition was “to aid, to assist.”
A short column of the aforesaid “dictionary
was assigned for recitation. The precocious
genius alluded to, having never had much experi
ence in “dictionary,” concluded that each term
with its definition constituted only a very long
word, and accordingly he “pitched into” the first
one in about this wise : “A-bet t„-aid-tc-as-sis!
—abettoaidtoassist.” I think the doctors would
pronounce this decidedly a “confluent” case
Aud just so it w< u d be in arithmetic, without
ciphers. They are the grand regulators which
preserve order and system in the whole. 'J he
Greeks came “within an a e,” as the paying is,
of reaching this Arabic notation, and I tbiuk I
can t-how you that they did. They took the
letters of tht ir alphabet and said : “Alpha” shall
stsnd for 1, “Beta” 2, “Gamma” 3, and so on up
to 9. Now, up to this point the srrangement is
just as good as ours, for it is immaterial whether
you represent numbers by Greek letters, Roman
letters or Arabic symbols, provided all agree to
use the same system After the Greeks got up to
9 there was the tun ing point. If they had
only introduced a cipher and said ao=10, bo—20.
jo—30, they would have had the Arabic
system nearly complete; but instead of bringing
in the cipher when they got to 9, they introduced
another letter as a representative of 10, aud
forthwith they launched out into au ocean of
fogginess, from which they never emerged. Had
the Greeks but known the value Of a cipher, they
would, in all probability, with their keen pagac-
ity, have left as little to be discovered in arith
metical science, as they have done in the noble
science of geometry.
The cipher, you se , is an important person
age. As unmeaning as it would seem to be, there
is no getting a’ong without it. To call a man a
cipher has hitherto been regarded as an epithet
or contempt. My friends, I think we shall have
to reverse this idea, and say, that the man who
fills the place of a cipher in creation occupies a
distinguished position.
ARABIC DIGITS.
No discovery in the whole circle of mathemati
cal science ever gave suh an impulse to arith
metical progress, as this Aiabic notation. The
Arabic digits are a kind of universal language, a
medium of intercommunication between nations
that scarcely have anything else in common.
When we write down the digit 5, no matter
whether read by a German, Spaniard, Frenchman
or “Heathen L’liinee,” it conveys to th‘*m a 1 pre
cisely the same idea. Each calls it by a different
name, but yet each attaches the same idea to the
dipit. We ca l them the “Arabic Digits,” but
still it is pretty generally conceded that the Ara
bians were not the inventors. The people to
whom the invention is to be as ribed, were un
doubtedly the ancient Hindoos. The Arabs
learned the system from the Hindoos, and as we
are not able to trace it beyond this people
we must attribute to them the honor
of its invention. “They do not claim,
the honor of its invention, but refer it to the Di
vinity, declaring that the invention of nine fig
ures, with device of place, is to be ascribed to
the beneficent creator of the universe.” But,
although the Hindoos are to be regarded as the
inventors, the honor of introducing it into Eu
rope does unquestionably belong to the Arabians.
The Spaniards were the first people who enjoyed
its benefits.
n. A i
tige of the Quipus is still to be foundtfl this
day. in some portions of Peru, where the shep
herds keep the tallies of their numerous flocks
and herds by means of this ancient and very pe
culiar arithmetic.
It strikes me, my friends, as a slight objection
to the Peruvian system, its liability to he abused.
When a man had ran up a long score against the
government, in the shape of double or triple or
quadruple knots, the temptation to increase the
a mo ant by the simple process of
tieing a knot or two more, must have been
very strong, if human nature in Peru was any
thing like human nature in these United 8tates—
s >cailed.”
ROMAN “ABACUS.”
I have thus given you a brief outline of the
arithmetical systems of the most prominent
nations of the world. This notation, as jou see,
was cumbrous, awkard, complex, and repulsive
to any delight in mathematical research. There
is one phase, however, connected with the most
of them to which I desire to caff your special at
tention. In the every day calculations of busi
ness, they forgot, as it were, their theoretical
arithmetic, ana, like sensible people, availed
themselves of oertain practical helps, which con
tained the germs of true arithmetical science.
One examp e, furnished by the Romans, will
illustrate our point We often use the words
“calculate,” “calculation,” “calculator,’’etc. And,
my friends, I wouldn’t be surprised if some of
us sometimes use these words, without appre
hending their real meaning, or, at any rate, the
origin of their meaning. The word “calculation”
METAPHYSICAL ARITHMETIC.
Fome of the ancient philosophers, as Aristotle,
Plato and others, had some very peculiar notions
abjut arithmetic and numbers generally. Their
n tions on this point, I think, may be classed un
der the head of the “metaphysics of arithmetic,”
using the word “metaphysics” according to the
definition given to it by the old Scotchman, viz :
that “met&phyeics is, when the man who is lis
tening dinna ken what the man who is talking
means, and the man who is talking dinna ken
what he means himself. - ’ These transcendalists
regarded certain numbers as representatives of
theviitu^s. I will give you one short extract
from tli ir writings. The author is treating of
the woudorful properties of the number seven,
which h se worthies regarded as a virgin and sa
cred to Vinerva. The author says: “lhe intel
lect al gods produce all things hebdomically, for
they evolve the intelligible, aud at the same time
intellectual triads, into intellectual hebdomads
and expand their contracted powers into intel
lectual variety.” But what does he mean by all
that? inquires some one. Well, my frieDd, I am
sure I cannot enlighten you on this point. But
we will disa iss these philosophers, only remark
ing that if the foregoing is a lair sample of their
lectures on arithmetic, it conld hardly be thought
Grange that the Grecian lads veted arithmetic a
“dry” study and decidedly preferred gymnastic
exercises.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The convention reassembled at 3:30 p. m.,
when, after a report from the Committee on
Membership, Major J«d. Hotchkiss, of
Staunton, Va., was introduced, and enter
tained the convention for an hour and more
with practical illustrations of methods in
arithmetic. Major Hotchkiss’s remarks were
specially addressed to the teachers, in re
gard to their instruction in the class room,
and had no interest to the general public.
He thought there was entirely too* much
book teaching, especially in mathematics,
and favored the plan of giving the pupils
problems based upon occurrences and
things of every day note. He digested
thoroughly the different methods of
teaching arithmetic, aud pointed 'out
clearly the several defects^ His address
showed deep thought and thorough re
search, and if we may judge from the
marked attention accorded by the teachers,
made a very great impression. To summa
rize his exposition, we may briefly say that
be recommended or suggested:
First—To teach pupils to read, not spell
numbers. *
Second—To teach perfect operations in
silence.
Third—To teach the fundamental opera
tions of arithmetic as a unit.
Fourth—To gather your examples from
those objects with which your pupils are
familiar and impress upon them careful
habits of observation.
Fifth—To require pupils able to complete
an arithmetical course to furnish brief
sketches on the blackboard and orally of all
the preceding principles and explanations.
In conclusion, Major Hotchkiss alluded to
the great importance, especially to boys, of
a thorough mathematical education, aud
stated that he knew a number of young
men who had ascribed their success in life
to their proficiency in this important
branch.
SUNLIGHT AND STARLIGHT.
After a short receas Major W. J. Davis, of
Louisville, Ky^, was introduced and deliv
ered a very interesting lecture on the
subject of “Sunlight and Starlight.”
The beauty and interest of this
admirably prepared article was, however,
considerably marred by the limited time
allotted for its delivery. It was originally
designed to be delivered in the evening be
fore lyceums and literary bodies, and being
very elaborate at least two hours should
have been devoted to it. Aa it was,
| the Major m^de the beat of
it in a reduction to forty-fire min
utes. The subject was treated in a fas
cinating and interesting style, but its cur
tailment rendered it insufficiently explicit
to those who were not versed in astronomy,
or not more familiar with such matters than
the average public is. What we heard, how-
beit, create*) a desire to hear more, and we
should be glad if Major Davis could hare an
opportunity of delivering his lecture some
evening before he leaves.
Mr. Chappell offered a resolution provid
ing for the appointment of a committee of
five to consider the propriety of changing
tbe time of the meeting of the association,
and to report at thn morning session.
The chair appointed as the committee
Messrs. CbappeiJ, Mallon, Zettler, Gannon
and Orr.
Mr. Stevens announced that he was depu
tized by the Secretary of the Mozart Club,
Dr. L. Knorr, to tender the convention an
invitation to attend the regular concert of
that club this evening.
ON A STROLL.
At half-past five o’clock the convention
adjourned until nine o’clock this morning.
In conformitv with previous arrangement,
the teachers proceeded in a body out Bull
street to visit the Park and the Georgia
Historical Society, and closed the evening
by attendance at the Theatre to witness the
capital entertainment arranged in compli
ment to them.
TO-DAY’S PROCEEDINGS.
9:00—1. Report of committees. 2. Special
announcements, appointments, or discus
sions.
9:30—1. Illustration of methods in geog
raphy. Bv Maj. Jed Hotchkiss, of Staun
ton, Ya. 2. Discussion.
10:30—Discussion on the word method
of teaching reading. By Maj. W. J. Davis,
of Louisville, Ky.
11:30—1. Report of committee on ques
tions. 2. Miseellai eous business.
3:30—Steamboat excursion toTybee Island
and the Atlantic ocean. Return bv moon
light.
COURT CALE1H DAK.
United States Circuit Court.
Judge John Ersxine presiding.
Court convened at ten o’clock yesterday
morning, when the following proceedings
were had :
Charles E. Taylor vs. James Brigham,
Heury Kelly aud Daniel Baldwin, using the
firni name of Brigham, Baldwin A Co.;
James D. Carhart, Wm. B. Carhart and B.
Stowe, using firm name of Carhart Brothers
A Co.; William Taylor and Sophrouia God
dard, partners aud owners of steamer
Charles Hartridge. Case removed from
Bibb Superior Court bv James D. Carhart
and|Wm. B. Carhart, surviving partners of
Carhart Brothers & Co. Verdict for plaintiff
for $2,181 GO.
Clifford Anderson and G. W. Gustin for
plaintiffs, aud R. F. Lyon and J. R. Satis-ay
for Carhart Brothers A Co.
Defendants gave notice that they would
move for a new trial.
CALENDAR.
Tarver vs. Ely et al.
Walton, Whanu & Co. vs. Williams.
Same vs. sundry other defendants.
Baldwin, Starr & Co. vs. T. L. D. Rvan.
South Carolina Railroad vs. Mayor and
Aldermen of M.-.con.
W. H. Christopher vs. P. J. Mullens.
S. Bier vs. W. N. Tumlin.
E. Ditmau vs. Westbrook A Co.
G. F. Robinson vs. D. A. Vason.
United States District Court.
Judge John Erbkine presiding.
Court met at 10 o’clock yesterday morn
ing, and disposed of the following business:
Final discharge !u bankruptcy granted to—
C. A. Nonwifiis, of Morris Station, Quit-
man county, Ga. A. Hood, solicitor.
Peter W. Laramore, ot JStarkville, Lee
county. G. W. Warwick, solicitor.
Rust, assignee of Dodd, bankrupt, vs.
JohnD. Perry. Heating commenced and
to bo continued to-day.
Court adjourned to 10 o’clock a. m. to-day.
CALENDAR.
Rust, assignee, vs. John D. Perry.
Littlefield, assignee, vs. Colquitt A Baggs
et. al.
Rust, assignee, vs. Parker et. al.
Same vs. Willingham et. el.
Chatham Superior Court.
Judge Henry B. Tompkins presiding.
Court convened yesterday morning at 10
o’clock, when tho following business was
transacted:
John M. Fisher vs. the Liverpool and
London and Globe Insurance Company. As
sumpsit. Settled.
Alford A Clements vs. J. Lippman & Bro.
Case. Settled.
George D. Crary A Co. vs. Edward Levy.
Case. Order granted for removal of cause
to Fifth Circuit Court of the United Btatea
for tho Southern District ot Georgia, upon
motion ot plaiutiffs’ attorney.
John Doe ex dem Caroline A. Lamar, ad
ministratrix, vs. II. Roe, i. e. P. K. Shiels.
Ejectment. Order granted to hear argu
ment, on motion for new trial, in vacation
or at May term, upon three days’ notice to
each party.
Susan Burke vs. Geo. W. Burke, divorce.
First and second verdict granting total di
vorce. A. B. Smith for plaintiff. No one
for defendant.
E. W. Blanco vs. Harry Watkins. Case
dismissed. Reinstated, aud judgment by
court for $80 net, May 13, 1872, and costs.
Wa*kins Weston vs. Turner Bro., appeal.
Order to file motion for new trial at May
‘erm.
C. C. Ehlers it Bro. vs. Tiioa. Mahon. Case
dismissed. Order reinstating case on dock.
t, i'V consent of attorneys.
Moses Y. Henderson vs. Goodman 4
Myers. Judguu ut for plaintiff and motion
for new trial. Order to hear argument on
motion in vacation or term time upon three
days’ notice to each party.
Richard Bradley vs. the Savannah Ram*
her Company. Case in attachment. Judg
ment for plaintiff for $1,000 principal,
335 35 interest aud costs, to be made of
roperty attached by tho Sheriff.
Janie M. Garmany et al, complainants,
and George W. Garmany, trustee, defend
ant. Bill iu equity to reform deedB. De
cree for complamantB.
Susanna M. Waller vs. the Life Associa
tion of Ann rica. Judgment for plaintiff.
Motion for new trial overruled.
Georgia Mutual Loan Association vs. Jaa.
Morrissey, trustee, ct al. Foreclosure of
mortgage. Rule absolute granted..
People's Mutual Loan Association vs.
same. Foreclosure of mortgage. Rule
absolute granted.
Grand and perit jurors discharged for the
term, and court adjourned at 6 p. m. to the
next regular term in course, when Jndge
John J. Hall, of Macon, will preside.
Court meets for the May term Monday
next, 8th inst.
Tbe Savanniih Team in Charleston.
The delegation lrom the Savannah
Scbntzens to the Charleston Fest returned
yesterday. The following is the record of
their participation in the contest on Tues
day:
Mr. J. Hirschbach led off with a good in
shot, which was followed by several good
shots by Rober, Seiler and Meitzier. For
the first two rounds ibe score ran well and
the hopes of the Savannah men ran higb.
But as the shooting progressed a half dozen
outers pulled them down, aud they closed
with the second best score, as follows;
1. C. Meitzier 93
2. C. Seiler 90
3. J. Hirshbach 63
4. T. Rober C3
5. J. Scholl ; 62
6. V. Kleine 31
Total ont of a possible of 1,800 402
The best single sbotiu tbe team was made
by Mr. John Scholl, 23, and the second best
by Mr. C. Seiler and Mr. T. Rober, each of
whom made 20.
The OpeniuK Cruise.
As has been announced, the opening
ernise of the Regatta Association takes place
on the 11th, and it iB generally hoped that
the entries will be numerous, the interest
and excitement of the rtce being thereby
largely enhanced. We learn that already
some of our progressive boatmen have
made arrangements for participation in tbe
ernise, and hear that among the entries
are several first-class boats—the Dream,
Sunshine, Vernon and Rainbow. With a
goo- opening ernise, a successful and pleas
ant regatta will follow. Therefore let own
ers of yachts determine to be represented
on the 11th, and give tbeir endeavors to tbo
accomplishment of a grand occasion. It ia
fortunate that the ernise takes place on the
day of the excursion of the Georgia Press
Association to Tybee, as the occasion will
be of no little interest,to our newspaper
friend^rom tbe interior.
Foreign Export*.
Messrs. Knoop, Hanemann 4 Go. yester
day cleared tbe steamship Berlin, Captain
Ringk, for Reval, with a cargo of 5,000 bales
of upland cotton, weighing 2,292,382 ponnds,
and valued at $297,031. Of ibis cargo, 1,985
bales, weighing 880,220 ponnds, were loaded
at Charleston, and 3,015, weighing 1,412,162
ponnds, were loaded at this port.
Messrs. Holst, Fullarton 4 Co. also cleared
tbe bark Andromeda, for Santander, with a
cargo of 264,158 feet of lumber and 63,319
feet of timber, valued at $5,G61 53.
Uninailable Letters.
Held foe Postage—John C. Bucher, Rut
land, Vt.; L. R. Sams, Matthews’ Blnff, 8.
C.; H. Clay, Wadley, Ga.; B. D. Brantley,
Blackshear, Georgia; M. Cooney, Quebec,
Canada; America Bragg, 1J A. and G.
B. B.; J. D. Rnmph, Jessup, Ga.; C. P. Ta-
tem 4 Co., Baltimore, &!d.; A. P. Wright 4
Co., Thomasville, Ga.; A. J. Bowie, Brier
Creek, Ga.; D. Defield, Cherokee Landing,
nver; Mrs. Dozers, city.
Insij'feiciehtlv Apphessed—Mrs. Aman
da Preston.
BLMK BOOKS
aF every deeatpUoa, for any klni jf 1
in the darahM
id waaoMB. Cag and see met-
MORNING KIWB JOS OPPKS.