Newspaper Page Text
•i-v
Deaths.
it the resident* of her
county. Ga., December
k.<^^^^^^^gSESSSSZ22SS2ES*
'/uncial jfmitatums.
friends and acquaintance of
;J?L ?abia.v are respectfully in-
fn .:e:c .'AS hto f une ral from his taterra-
,55*t fin* door*«t of White-
d-At^JSW'OOS at 4 o clock,
tf-Twe • friends and acquaintance of
of W. J. anti John H. Tan-
JcB> Ti ?Skdto attend the funeral of the
“S^Oe I'arlc. THIS MOENING at 11
.ZwrA Landmark Lodge No. 231, F.
** a A. M A_
, , r: iar communication of this yQt
a'e.l hr held THIS (Tuesday)/>T
EV®! 5 " 1 '^“VuUieModKes and transient breth-
invited to attend.
rD an ratemaii> w oaRRaB d, W. M.
8U£f T . Boris, secy. _ iantMt
TT-iendship Lodge No. 4, K. of P.
ponventicn of this Lodge
* SSST&.Tuesday) EVENING. ^
- .f,i;« r< will taka place LSff
ur lodges are oordW-«n
Ir'iarit’ 1 to attend. R0BERT
'Byonler
{%$. letIS. K. Of R. & 8. jaag-lt
Attention, Schaetzens.
P“?.'± u *i when business
importance will be tratm-
member is requested to be present,
ffi * JOHN SCHWARZ,
Brcmt 1 President.
f'Tls Sec y S. S. G. janS-lt
^prriat iloticrs.
Notice.
Tat Sorrmss Bam of the State orOi., I
Savannah, January 5, 1878. f
__ „^ n ..n1 plection for EIGHT DIRECTORS
f IthfcBank will be held at the Bonking House
JJtSSKy MORNLNG, January 8, from 11
“ IS “ ciKiI HORACE A. CRANE,
. „ Cashier.
jan-
Notice to Taxpayers.
Office City Treasurer, [
Savannah, Ga., January 1, 1878. )
fniv.Avins* Taxes are now due andpaya-
J&XSSe on and before the TENTH
LSSfAST:
RrrU Estate. Fourth Quarter. 18JT
Kmmitei ,ns. Fourth Quarter, 18!7.
Tnrc.nv Fourth Quarter, 1877.
premiums, FoUrtit Quarter, 1877.
B«.,n.ts Fourth Quarter, 1877.
gS-t tn Trade, Fourth Quarter, 1877.
Specific, JOHN R. JOHNSON,
jpn&iot c, ‘y Treasurer.
Dividend No. 11.
Ratassah Bane A.VD Trust Costpaat, I
Savannah, Ga., December 31,1877. f
Benii annual dividend of three dollars per
xe will be paid to stockholders on demand.
MILO HATCH,
inl-lOt Cashier.
Notice.
Merchants’ National Bank, )
Savannah, December 8, 1877. f
ip annual election for SEVEN DIRECTORS
nauape the affairs of theBank will be held
ie banking house between the hours of 11
l o'clock ou TUESDAY, the 8th January,
1 o uouk u THQ& GAJ)SDEN
clO-td Cashier.
Dividend.
Savannah Gas Light Company, 1
Savannah. Ga., Dec. 24, 1877. f
liridend of ONE DOLLAR ($1) per share
i( . t -apital stock of the Company, as held at
iofte of business this day. will be paid from
earning of the past year on and after
SPAY, the 15th of January next, in eur-
• notes of the United States.
J. F. GILMER,
President and Treasurer.
•27-otATh. SATu, t jan 15
Suit's Officf.. B. & A. Street R. R-, 1
Savannah, October 28, 1877. f
From this date, until further notice, cars on
this road will run every ten minutes between
the City Market and Laurel Grove Cemetery.
First car leaves the Cemetery at 6:00 a. m. and
the Market at 6:15 a. m.
After 8 o’clock p. m. cars will run as follows:
Leave Cemetery at 8:80 and 9:30 p. M.; leave
Market at 9 and 10 r. m.
On SATURDAY the five minute schedule will
be run from 2 to 10 r. m.
Ob SUNDAYS, ten minute schedule from 8
a. m. to 2 p. m. Five minute schedule from 2 p.
X. to 8 p.m. After 8 p. m. cars will run as foD
toys: Leave Cemetery at 8:30 and 9:30 p. m. ;
leave Market at 9 and 10 r. m.
Cars stop at the Market two (2) minutes, and
at Cemetery two (2) minutes.
M. B. GRANT,
octZi-tf Superintendent.
Election Notice.
City op Savannah, )
Office Clerk of Council, y
December 27th, 1877. I
At the first regular meeting: to be held in Jan
uary. that is to say on WEDNESDAY, the 9th
day of January, 1§7», Council will elect the fol
lowing officers:
Salary. Bond.
Clerk of Council $1,300 $10,000
Citv Treasurer 2,000 20,000
City Marshal 1,000 5,000
City Surveyor, fees and shall per
form the duties of Inspector of
Dir Culture 1,500 2,000
Clerfc of the Market 600 2,000
City Printer (by contract)
Corporation Attorney 750
Messenger of Council 500 500
Judge of the City (’curt 2,000
Clerk of the City Court fees. 3,000
City Sheriff. fees, 5,000
Jailer 2,500 20,000
Keeper of Laurel Grove Cemetery 1,000 1,000
Keeper of Citv Dispensary 900 2,000
Keeper of Forsvth Place 900 500
Keeper of Pest * House 450 500
Pump Contractor (by contract)..
15 Measurers and Inspectors of
Lumber and Timber fees. 500
B Inspectors of Naval Stores, and
as such to takeout a license... fees. 2.000
vne or more Sink Contractors, in
terms of ordinance 2,000
Harbor Master . . 1,100 2,000
Health Officer fees 1,000
5 Port Wardens fees. 500
t Weigher* of Hay fees. 500
Kaeperof city (’lock(by contract)
Chimney C-utractor (£. D.) fees. 500
Chimney Contractor <W. D.) fees. 500
Chief of Pt.litv 1,500 4.000
Lieutenant of Police 1,200 2,000
3bereeantsof Police 900 500
Chief Fireman 900
A&astant Chief Fireman 350
Applicants must state in their applications
^Bam-- 1 if their securities (.two required to
**ch bond' and hand in their applications to me
on or before M o’clock a. m. ou WEDNESDAY,
January 9th, 1878.
No application will receive the attention of
Luunnl unless handed in in accordance with
***«™««- E. A SILVA,
aeca-iut Clerk of Council
How It Is Done.
objvN't in life with the American peo-
piojst'. •rich;- the second .bow to regain
good health The first can be obtained by en
ergy h«uewty aud saving; the second (good
hwlthj by using GREEN'S AUGUST FIiOW-
, hho'.ild you be a despondent sufferer from
the efTtvis of Dyspepsia, Liver Com-
PAin: Indigestion, etc., suen as Sick Headache,
raipitatjon 0 f the Heart. Sour Stomach. Habit-
uaiLostiveneas. Dizziness of the Head, Nervous
ration, Lov Spirits, etc., you need not suf-
? er da - v Two doses of AUGUST
bZ, w ’ il1 relieve you at once. Sample
mottles lii rviits. iiegulai size 75 cents. Posi-
e vr°l hv all first-class druggists In the Uni-
sale by 0. BUTLER, Savannah-
825,000.
sum in gold dollars, offered at
anything below one hundred cents on the
dollar, would ftnd many ready takers;
Anybody would naturally Invest all
bailable means, and the offerer consid-
a ^Uffactor to the people at large.
' Havidson Bros. & Mitchell have
stock-^ 1 t0 offer ; but they have a
_ * of first-class boots and shoes,
wuiaJH?® in va ^ ue t0 twenty-live thou-
dur; C °^ ars ’ which they propose selling,
< k'-’lidavs, at lower prices than
before offered in this city. They
-sen 0 vo be classed among the benefac-
they offer you a line of first-
men's shoes, a line of
a 1 hiladelphia inade ladies’ shoes, and
andS.-i? 1 ^ :uS8 °rtio^t of misses', boys’
rp.ii.it r 118 at prices w'ithin tlie
b UV]n ” { ''■enbody’i purse. Everybody
f J, f geniltTaen can now af-
madp 8? . Wear •'ftt-elass, substaulially
bills 00016 a;i| l shoes. Read thrir hand
dec20-tf
t, * l " iH Eitd_in Smoke S
e of the earth has often
a predicted, and we now have a pre-
“y some jack-a-napes that it will
end ’ ^ doatro K d in 1878. It will
tkrt those who want to
smotp i lme at tho close should
at 35 tv '-' r s Reform Cigars, to be had
' Maker street. dec31-N&Teltf
bnr.n.i^ 1 ae<J ncMl Price.,
Khi 6 S I? C,,C ° f Gent *’ Nockwear, Under-
- s Collars, Gloves and other fancy
dec&.tf C. W. Brunner & Bon.
153 Broughton street.
^ Groundnuts, Pinders and Goobers
-— ^Killouoh & Collins.
S's^ < ^ lrra ht5 and Seedless Raisins at
< ^ decl9-tf
1 Reedy E deel9-«
Ihe ^otning Mtxcs.
TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1878.
Time of Closing the Mlalls.
Northern mail via Savannah and Charleston
Railroad, 4:00 p. m.
Western mail via Central Railroad, 8:00 a. H
and 6:00 p. *.
2 Florida mail via AtlanUc and Gulf Railroad,
‘ > (?p n i a8rllle Ctber P 0 ^ west of Dupont,
Darien, 2:00 p. m. : Brunswick, 2:00 p. m.
Savannah River 8:0° a. m. Wednesdays.
MilledgeviUe, 6:00 p. m.; Eatonton 6:00 p. m.
umce open for delivery of mail on Sunday
from 11:00 a. m. to 12:0o k 9
Index to New Advertisements.
Meeting of Friendship Lodge No. 4. K. of P
Meeting of Ancient Landmark Lodge No. 231.
Meeting of Schuctzen Gesellacbaft.
Chatham Sheriff 's sales.
Coffee—Weed &. CornwelL
Flour—M. F. Foley & Co.
Poultry—Kiilough & Collins.
Administratrix’s sale—Blun & Demere.
YV anted a chambermaid.
Furnished rooms to rent.
Chatham county citations.
Wanted a neat seamstress.
Wanted a girl 12 or 15 years old.
Photographs—J. N. Wilson.
Gentleman's boot lost.
Wanted a white woman to do house work.
Wanted a colored woman to cook.
Administrator’s sale—Bell, Sturtevant & Co.
Exemption of personalty.
Sugar—Branch & Cooper.
Grocery stock for sale.
Carriages, etc., at auction—Geo. Schley.
Weather Report.
Indications for the South Atlantic
States to-day : Falling barometer, south
east to northeast winds, warmer partly
cloudy weather, preceding an area of low
pressure now off the West Gulf coast.
River Report.
The height of the river at Augusta at
3 p. m. yesterday was eight feet, a fall of
two feet in the preceding twenty-four
hours.
Signal Observations.
Comparative statement of temperature
at Savannah, taken from the Signal Ser
vice records :
1877.1
. 50 7:00 a. M....
. 42 2:00 p. a....
54 4:00 p. m. ...
. 46 9:00 p. M....
. 45 10:44 p. H ...
55 Maximum ...
45 Minimum 30
Mean temperature Mean temperature
of day 48.5 of day 36.0
Rainfall ...0.01 inches, j Rainfall 00 inches.
7K» a. m
2:00 p. m ....
4:19 p. m
9:00 p. m
10:44 p. m
Maximum
Minimum
1878.
. 32
. 42
. 41
35
35
46
Sudden Death of a Seaman.
On Friday last Henry Smith, a seaman
on board the steamship Consolation, was
sent to the St. Joseph’s Infirmary, corner
of Habersham and Taylor streets. He had
a severe cough, and was complaining of
feeling unwell, but was not con
sidered seriously ill. On Sun
day evening two men, belonging to
the crew, visited the hospital for
the purpose of ascertaining how their com
rade was and if he needed nothing, as
the Captain of the Consolation, who con
sidered him one of the best of his sea
men, was anxious that he should not
want for any little delicacy or luxury.
To their utter amazement, the seamen
were informed that Smith had
died the preceding day (Saturday)
of paraiysis of the heart, and had been
buried the same day. No notification
was sent the Captain of the Consolation,
and hence the men had no opportunity
to pay the last tribute of respect to a
comrade whom they esteemed.
Previous to his death Smith stated to
one of the attendants that the name he
had given was an assumed one, and that
his real name was Amos Duphney, and
that his father, Adolphus Duphney, re
sided at Margaret’s Bay, Nova Scotia;
and his sister, Alice Duphney, at Halifax,
Nova Scotia. The deceased was about
thirty years of age and was a man of
splendid physique. The wages due him
and his personal effects will be forward
ed to his family by the Captain.
Found Dead in the Road.
Dr. T. B. Chisholm, Coroner, was in
formed by Magistrate McLeod King that
two negroes had been found dead in the
road on the Ogeechee several days before,
but he w*as unable to give any particulars
regarding the discovery. Coroner Chis
holm furnished Magistrate King with the
necessary papers and authorized him to
hold an inquest and ascertain the
manner in which the parties had
come to their death. Inquiry
in various quarters yesterday failed
to elicit an}' information on the subject,
and the particulars cannot be obtained
until a report is made to the Coroner.
The supposition is that the negroes died
from exposure and want, as there is no
report of any violence having been com
mitted in the Ogeechee district.
Another Mall for Florida.
We learn that the Post Office Depart
ment is considering a scheme whereby a
better mail communication can be estab
lished between Savannah and Fernan-
dina and points along the St. John’s
river. It is considered that greater dis
patch can be obtained for the mails l>e-
tween these points by steamer, and as
soon as the necessary arrangements can
be made the announcement will appear.
Savannah and Augusta Railroad.
The annual election for Directors of
the Savannah and Augusta Railroad Com
pany took place yesterday and resulted as
follows:
Wm. Duncan, A. R. Lawton, Geo. S.
Owens, John Davidson, John 'L. Hardee,
Hen>y Hull. F. Pbintzy.
The board will elect the President and
other officers shortly.
Fnmallable Letters.
Held for Postage.—J. H. Johnston,
E. Lovell, J. J. Waring, J. C. Rowland,
J. R. Hamlet, H. F, Willink, J. K. Reilly,
S. P. Hamilton. D. P. Purse, Wm. Dun
can, citv; Minnie E. Smart, Halifax;
Thu-. Hayes, Quebec; Nanie Goodin,
Black Creek; Mary Sold, Brooklyn, N. 1.
At K.till’s To-Day.
Andi'c-ws' Bazar.
Illustrated London News.
Turf, Field and Farm.
Spirit of the Times.
Budget of Fun.
Burlington Hawkeye.
Leslie’s Lady’s Journal.
New York Illustrated Times.
Miller’s Almanac for 1878.
Tribune Almanac for 1878.
New York Herald, World, Times, Tri
bune and Sun.
Philadelphia Daily Times.
Philadelphia Weekly Times.
Baltimore Sun.
Charleston dailies.
The Queen of the Oven.
A breakfast biscuit or tea roll made
with Doolet’s Yeast Powder is cer
tainly the queen of the oven—so light,
while and delicious. \ ou lift it tenderly,
break it open gentlv, spread it daintily
with fresh, sweet butter, waiting to be
gracious After breakfasting on biscuits
made with Dooley’s Yeast Powder
what man would contemplate suicide or
grumble because his wife asked him for
money ?
“My Plano Sound. So Bad.”
Does it? Have it tuned by Mr. B. F.
Dennis and you will like it better. Square
Pianos tuned for $2 each, Ipright $3.
No poor work. Mr. Dennis has the en
dorsement of Thalbcrg, Gottsehalk,
Cbiekering & Co-, Hailet & Davis, etc.,
and uis work in Savannah Ike past year
shows what he nan do. Leave orders at
Leddes A Bates
jan8-lt Music Store.
The City of Bridgeton will leave Tues
day at 5 p. m. for Florida, touching at
Kt Catharine’s, Doboy, Darien, St.
Simon’s, Brunswick. St. Mary’s, Fernan-
dina, Jacksonville, and all points on the
St. John’s river. 11
Military of Ucorgla.
The Savannah Weekly News of Jan
uary 5th contains tho initial number of a
series of articles on the above subject-
For sale at Estiil’s News Depot, 27 Bull
street. Price o cents. jans-.t
Ditson ti fo.’a New Mu.Ie.
Five hundred pieces new vocal and
instrumental music just received from
Ditson & Co., the great music publishing
house of America. _
Lttdden & Bates,
jan8-3t Special Southern Agents.
GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Regular Monthly Meeting—An Inter
esting Occasion.
The regular monthly meeting of the
Georgia Historical Society was held last
evening at Hodgson Hall. The an
nouncement that General Lafayette Mc-
I. aws would read a paper oh the ' ‘Battle
of Gettysburg”, had the effect of attract
ing a very largo audience, comprising
many ladies, and the room was com
pletely filled, many being unable to ob
tain admittance.
The meeting was called to order by
General Jackson, presiding, and in a few
remarks be introduced General McLaws,
who, upon taking the floor, commenced
his description of the battle without pre
liminary comment. For one hour and a
half the General kept his audience inter
ested, frequently referring to a map of
Gettysburg which he had displayed,
and' pointing out the positions of
the respective corps. At the close of his
address he was greeted with great ap
plause. In view of the interest that is
felt in the subject, and its valuable his
torical character, we give elsewhere the
paper in full.
After the address and the audience had
dispersed, the society organized for busi
ness and the following matters were dis
posed of:
Applications for membership were re
ceived from the following named gentle
men,and, after a ballot, they were declared
duly elected: Edward Strobhar, B. R.
Armstrong, Dr. Win Duncan and Sam'l
G. Guckenheimer.
The Library Committee recommended
the purchase’ of the following named
works, and they were ordered by the so
ciety :
Harvey's Reminiscences of Daniel
Webster.
Khedive’s Egypt.
Potterv and Possum, by Prime.
Underbrush, by J. Ticknor Fields.
Europe Viewed through American
Spectacles, by C. C. Fulton.
Kingdoms of the Mikado.
Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sen
sibility, by Miss Austin.
‘‘Too Rich,” ‘‘Prom Egypt to Japan.”
“Transcendentalism,” by Cooke.
“Maranatha.”
“Four Years with General Lee.”
Resolution by General Sorrel: That the i
thanks of this society be tendered Gene
ral McLaws for his very interesting and
instructive address on “The Battle of
Gettysburg,” and that the author be re
quested to furnish a copy of the same for
the archives of the society. Adopted.
Colonel Mann presented several books,
donated by Mr. Wittmer and Miss
C. M. Joseph; also two beautiful trees,
eight feet high, from the latter. The
thanks of the society were returned.
Captain Paine announced that arrange
ments had been made to have another
lecture by a member, and that a notifica
tion will be made in the paper.
On motion of Mr. Bogart, a special
meeting will be held in February previ
ous to the anniversary for the purpose of
hearing the lecture.
The resignations of Mr. John H. Wil
liams anti Mr. Lawton Chase were re
ceived and accepted.
On motion, the society adjourned.
Matters and Tiling* Laconically
Noted.
Where is the man who was wishing for
winter?
The caucus for city officers takes place
this evening.
Savannah reaped another harvest of
ice yesterday.
The streets were thronged with stran
gers yesterday.
The assessments at the Police Court
yesterday realized a fair sum.
Special meeting of Republican Blues
Wednesday night to elect officers.
The leeture for the benefit of the Port
Society takes place at Masonic Temple
to-night.
The anniversary ball of the German Vol
unteers this evening will prove a charm
ing affair.
Capt. E. B. Davis, of Thomasvilte, is
in the city attending to his duties as In
spector of Fertilizers.
Messrs. D. H. Cann. I. G. Falk and
Yates Thompson, of Gainesville, Fla.,
were in the city yesterday.
The up country was well represented
in Savannah yesterday by numerous
charming, blooming young misses.
The election for Directors of the Mer
chants National Bank and Savannah
Bank and Trust Company will take place
to-day.
At a meeting of the Board of Officers
of the First Regiment last night, the
white plumes for the members to don on
the 19th were ordered.
We had the pleasure of a visit yester
day from Berrien M. Zettler, Esq., for
merly of this city, but now Superintend
ent of the Public Schools of Macon.
In consequence of the non-arrival of
Judge Tompkins the Superior Court,
which was to have been convened yester
day, adjourned until 10 a. m. to-day.
Mongin Smith, negro, - was yesterday
sentenced in the Police Court to ten
days in jail for disorderly conduct on
the street and cutting James Tomins
with a knife.
During the last few days the arrivals
of vessels at this port have been quite
large, twenty having crossed the bar yes
terday, comprising seventeen schooners,
two barks and one ship.
Ail the Captains arriving at this port
report having encountered heavy weather.
One Captain says he has never expe
rienced such weather in his thirty years'
experience on the high seas.
Mr. Hugh Waddell, Jr., for many
Tears a resident of this city, recently re
ceived an appointment in the Treasury
Department at Washington, and entered
upon his duties on the 1st inst.
A large number of strangers, who are
in our city attending the different stock
holders meetings, visited the shipping in
port yesterday. The steamships seemed
to be the greatest attraction to them.
The British ship Lydia, Captain Ellis,
from Liverpool, which arrived on Sun-
dav was erroneously reported by tele
graph from Tvbee as the British bark
Lydia. Captain Chalmers, from Barrow.
The schooner Jonas Smith, whose ca
reer last summer rendered her so noto
rious. is now undergoing repairs and will
soon be ready for sea, under command of
Capt. Bogart, formerly of the schooner
J. Ward Parks.
The appointment of Capt. J. W. An
derson as Deputy United States Marshal,
leaving vacant the position of City Sher
iff. Deputy Sohn Auton Graeff was yes
terday appointed and sworn in as Sheriff
until" the election, which takos place
to morrow night.
Arrested for Infanticide.
Peggy Brown, colored, living near
Monteith, on the Savannah and Charles
ton Railroad, in Chatham county, was
arrested on a warrant issued by Coroner
Chisholm, and lodged in jail. It sc-ems
that some three weeks since the woman
gave birth to a child, which died a day
or two afterwards under suspicious cir
cumstances.
The talk among the negroes about the
matter finally resulted in a call upon Cor
oner Chisholm, when the suspicions were
stated. The Coroner visited the place
and had the bodv exhumed, when an in
quest was held. 'An examination showed
marks of violence, and the supposition
was that the infant had been strangled.
The jurv, after considering tho informa
tion obtained, rendered a verdict that the
deceased bar! come to its death from vio
lence at the hands of its mother, and that
they considered it murder. An examina
tion will take place before Magistrate
Fogarty, of the Eighth district.
A Chicken Raider.
On Bundaj night some enterprising in-
dividual who was not satisfied with the
good things he received during tirn Christ
mas holidays, entered the yard of Mr. C.
W. Brunner, and confiscated all his poul
try, consisting of several fine turkeys
and a number of valuable fowls of fancy
breeds.
Baltimore, Md.—I have used Dr. Bull's
Cough Syrup personally and in my family
for two or three years, and am prepared
to say that there is nothing to compare to
it as a remedy for coughs, colds, etc.—
Jamet Corrie, Dentist.
Notice.
The steamer Ro6a will leave for Au
gusta at 9 a. m. Wednesday, for this
trip only. „ _
ftaB-lt W- r- £****•
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
An Interentlns Paper from General
Lafayette Me Law*.
We present this morning in full the
very interesting paper describing the bat-
tle-of Gettysburg, which was read last
evening before the Georgia Historical So
ciety by Gen. Lafayette McLaws, and feel
assured that its historical importance wffl
obtain for it a careful perusal from every
reader of the Mobmkg News. The
General, upon being introduced to the
society and the very large audience who
had accepted the invitation to be present,
said:
After the battle of Cha nceilorsviUe. Genera
Hooker's army returned to its position on the
Washington side of the Rappahannock, and
that of (ieneral Lee reoocupied its old grounds
opposite Hooker, on the Richmond side, in and
around Fredericksburg-
As it was evident that the Federal army could
not be attacked as it stood, except under great
disadvantages, it was determined to turn its
flank and to transfer the war into the enemy's
country. .
Accordingly, on the 3d of July, 1363, my divi
sion moved from its camps in and around
Fredericksburg, and took positional Culpepper
Court House. Hood's division followed mine,
and then came Ewell s corps. Hill's corps being
left to watch the movement*! of Hooker s army,
with orders to follow our movements so soon
as Hooker could be manoeuvred out of his posi
tion.
Shortly after our arrival at Culpepper.
Hooker's cavalry made such a sudden and un
expected irruption across the Rappahannock
that, though driven back with loss, they cap
tured General Stuart’s headquarters, with all his
orders and correspondence, and forced Ge« eral
Lee to display his infantry. r, r partially to do so.
From tiotn these sources. General Hooker was
satisfied that General Lee was on the move,
and it was a reasonable presumption that he
was trying to turn his flunks in order to try the
issue of battle on the same grounds and under
the same circumstances that he had defeated
General Pope's army at the second Manassas.
Accordingly, General Hooker concentrated
his army so as to cover Washington, and be
prepared to give front to General Lee, let him
come from what direction he might.
General Lee s army was at this time very
much scattered, his advance being over one
hundred miles or more from Hill's corps, still
at Fredericksburg. But General Hooker, who
must have been aware of this, did not attempt
to take advantage of the situation.
When Hooker withdrew from Hill’s front at
Fredericksburg that officer moved with his
corps, following the rear of Gen. Lee’s army,
an cl. passing Longstreet, advanced into Mary
land: while Longstreet. marching more leisure
ly, moved to the east of the mountains, so as to
still further confirm the notion that it was Gen.
Lee's intention to attack on Virginia soil.
Reaching Ashby Gap. Longstreet’s corps turned
we°t, and crossing the Shenandoah pushed on
after Ewell, who was then in Pennsylvania.
I recollect the evening. We had waded the
Shenandoah and had just gone into camp on
the other side, when a courier or staff officer
dashed into ray camp with ordnrs for my divis
ion to recross the river and hurry back into
Ashby's Gap. as the enemy’s cavalry, supported
by infantry, had driven Stuart's cavalry Into
the gap and it was apprehended their advance
would seize the gap. The fording was deep, up
to the arm pits of the shorter men, but the
command wert forward with great alacrity,
and meeting great numbers of the cavalry
coming to the rear and crossing the
river on their horses. while the in
fantry were getting wet to take their places.
The greeting the cavalry received was an jibing
but complimentary. The night on the mountain
was very uncomfortable, being cold and wet.
But the next morning one of my brigades cross
ed over to the eastern side of the mountain as
far as a small village some miles from the gap,
where an advance of the enemy, both cavalry
and infantry, had encamped. As our men ap
peared the enemy disappeared, and the brigade
rejoined the division. The cavalry again ad
vanced, and the division.recrossing the Shenan
doah, continued its march and waded the Poto
mac at Williamsport, on the Maryland shore.
The wading across the Potomac was very
deep and the men were very w’et, and, as
there was a quantity of whisky in the city, a
gill apiece was given to each man that wanted
It. and in justice to my division I will asseri.
that I never heard of anyone refusing it The
consequence was that the men wore all in good
humor, and as my division halted a consider
able time, the men roamed over the village.
While sitting on my horse near a large brick
building called the Washington Bank (1 think
that was the name) Captain G. B. Lamar, my
Aide-de-camp, rode up and informed me that
the United States dag was being waved from the
upper story of the l^anlr building, and as there
were a good many men of HqoiI's and ray divi
sion in town who were under iLe influence of
liquor, he was apprehensive that some insult
might be offered to the family within the Lqus**
unless the flag was withdrawn before I left. I
therefore directed him to knock at the front
door and tell some responsible person within of
the circumstance and give them my request
that the flag be withdrawn, at least until the
command had passed on. Captain Lamar did
as directed, and afterwards told me that the
lady of the house had answered his knock, and
on being told his reason for coining, turned very
rale and. clasping her hands, assured him
that the flag was being displayed by some young
persons without heP knorlodge. Captain L.
told her that there was no hktn^ done, but to
prevent any being done, he requested Uujtthe
flag be taken in, and it was done at oned. This
reminds me of an incident that happened while
on the march through Frederick city on our
previous campaign of invasion. Gen. How ell
Cobb’s brigade, a very large and fine one in
deed. was marching with a band of music play
ing through the streets, the General at the
head of hi* column, when two ladies appeared
on a balcony waving two small flags. The Gene
ral, a gallant genuon/aii he waa. with ihe
ladies as in war. pulled off Jiis hat and bowed
to them with great courtesy, liis' me* cheering
iu unison, but presently the cheering was suc
ceeded by a burst of laughter from the rear,
and as the General turned to find out the cause,
the men shouted, “Why. General, those are
Federal flagsThe General, not at all discon
certed, replied at once, “Never mind, boys,
that is not the first time I have puUM off my
hat to that flag: ' and ihe men cheered more
than before, and the column went on :n the
best of humor. I mention this to sho*' with
what little unworthy and ungenerous feeling
our men went into the invasion, and scorned to
give offense or insult where it could not be re-
But to resume the march. My division finally
went through Chamoersburg and into camp
about a mile beyond. The country was thickly
settled and finely cultivated, with some excel
lent gardens. I recollect one u*ar iqy head
quarters which abounded with vegetables,' and
the night was so tantalizing that tlnjJly a part}-
of my command came anil asked If I would not
negotiate for some of them- Accordingly I paid
a formal visit to the lady of the mansion, where
the garden was. and telling her the purpose of
my visit asked if she would sell some or all her
vegetables, informing U«r, however, that we had
but Confederate money waerewith to pay. but
if she preferred it I would give her a certificate
of what was taken. She replied that from what
she had heard of the way the Federal troops
treat o-d our people she thought we had a right
to take without asking. I told her that without
discussing that question, it was sufficient to say
that General Lee had forbidden us to plunder.
She then said that she gave her permission for
us to take anything we wanted, and at my re
quest she went heself and gave her vegetables
away. I nod her name in a littje memorandum
book, where I iotted down daily occurrences,
but it has passed away from my memory.
While in camp I heard that General Ewell was
in Carlisle and York, and had gone, or portions
of his command had, towards Harrisburg, and
had marched where he pleased without oppo
sition.
On the 30th June my command was put in
march towards Get* vsburg, and camped, I think,
at or near Greencast le, receiving orders to march
the next day.
We had heard the day before, or heard it
here, that Ewell's corps had been ordered to
return to the main command, because Gen.
Lee hod been informed that the Federal arniy
had crossed the Potomac, and was marching
northward. And liefore moving, on the 1st, I
received orders to follow in rear of Johnson's
division of Ewell's corps, which had been de
tached from the corps to conduct Ewell's
trains west of the mountains, while the real of
the corps came by the shortest route to Gen.
Lee’s headquarters.
Accordingly, I had my division ranged along
side of the road to Gettysburg by eight o’clock
on the 1st of July, in the order of march, and
had not been long in place before Johnson's
division appeared. After it had passed I went
to Major Fairfax, of Gen. Longstreet s staff,
aud asked if I should follow the troops or wait
until Ewell’s train had passed. Fairfax rode
to Gen. Longstreet to find out. and shortly re
turned with directions to wait until the train
had passed. As the train appeared to be a
very long one I had its rate or travel timed as
it passed over a known distance, and computed
Its length to lie over fourteen miles.
At any rate ft was not until after four o'clock
that it had passed, and I then took up the line of
march to the front. About five o'clock, a* we
rose tne hills between our camp of ihe morn
ing and Gettysburg, we heard distinctly the
sound of cannon, and a cheer went from the
column, while the men quickened their pace
to the music of the guns. The march was con
tinued and about ten p. ra. I met General Long-
street in the road, and he informed me there
had been an engagement. General Heth was
wounded, the enemy driven back with a loss of
5,000 prisoners. He then directed me to go into
camp at the water course, then some miles dis
tant. which I reached a little after twelve at
night, and camped, or rather rested. Some time
after my arrival I received orders from General
Longstreet to continue the march at four a. m.,
but the order was afterwards coijntenuanded.
with directions not to leave until sunrise.
The march was continued at a very early hour,
and nj^ command reached the hill overlooking
Gettysbuig early in the morning. Just after 1
arrived General seat fur mo—as the head
of my column was halted within a hundred
yards of where he was—and I went at
once and reported. General Lee was sit
ting on a fallen tree with a map be
side him. After the usual salutation.
General Lee remarked: “General. I wish you
to place vour division across this road," point
ing on the map to about the place I afterwards
went to. and directing my attention to about
the place across the country from where we
were, the position being a commanding one;
“and I wish you to get there if posible without
being seen by the enemy." The place he
pointed out was about the one I afterwards
went to, aud the live be marked out on the map
for me to occupy was one perpendicular to the
Emmetteburg road. He finally remarked:
“Can you get there?'’ or “can you do it?" I re-
pL-d that "I knew of nothing to prevent me.
but wohld take a pwiy cf skirmishers and go
in advance and reconnoitre." He said: "Major
Johnson, of my staff, has been ordered x> re
connoitre tbe ground, and I expect he is about
ready." I then remarked. “I will go with him. "
Just then General Lougstreet. who, when I
came up. was walking back and forth some lit
tle distance from General Lee, and hearing my
proposition or request to reconnoitre, spoke
g uickly and said: *‘Nq, «r, Ido uut wish you
) leave your division," and then, pointing to
the map, said: “I wish your division placed
£9/’ runcigg his Auger in a direction perpen
dicular to that pointed out by General Lee.
General Lee replied: “No, General, I wish it
I then reconnoitered myself for mr own
information, and was soon convinced that
by crossing the ridge where I then was,
my command could reach the point indi
cated by General Lee, in a half nour, with
out being seen. I then went back to the head
of my column and sat on my horse and saw in
the distance the enemy coming, hour after
hour, on to the, battle ground.
At .length, my recollection is that it was about
1. p. iu.,' Major Johnston, of General Lee's
staff, came to me and said he waa ordered to
conduct me on the march. My command was
at once pot in motion. Major Joluison and my
self riding some distance ahead. Suddenly, as
we rose a hill on the road we were taking, the
Round Top was plainly visible, with the flags
of the signal men iu rapid motion. I sent back
and halted my division and rode with Major
Johnson rapidly around the neighborhood to
see if there was any road by which we could
go into position without being seen. Not find
ing any I joined my command and met General
Longstreet there, who asked, "What is the mat
ter?^ I replied. “Ride with me and I will show
you that we can't go on this route, accord
ing to instruct ions, without being seen by
the enemy." We rode to the top of
the hill and he at once said. “Why. this
won’t do. Is there no way to avoid it?"
I then told him of my reconnoisance in the
morning, and he said: "How can weget there?"
I replied: "Onlv by going back—by counter
marching." He said: “Then countermarch,"
and the movement commenced. But as General
Hood, in his eagerness for the fray land he
bears the character of always being so i. had
E ressed on his division behind min© so that it
ipped considerably, creating confusion in ihe
countermarch. General Longstreet rode to me
and said: "General, there is so much confusion,
owing to Hood's division being mixed up with
yours, suppose you let him countermarch first
and lead m the attack." 1 replied : "General, as
I started iu the lead, let me continue so;'' and
he replied. "Then go on." and rode off.
After very considerable difficulty, owing to the
rough character of the country in places and the
fences and ditches we had to cross, the counter
march was effected, and ray troops were mov
ing easily forward along a road wi f h fences on
the side not giving room enough for a company
front, making it necessary to break files to the
rear, when General Longstreet rode up to me,
and said: "How are you going in?" and I re
plied. "That will be determined when I can see
what is in my front." He said: ‘There is
nothing in your front: you will be entire
ly on the flank of the enemy." I replied:
"Then I wiil continue my march in col
umns of companies, and after arriving on
tb? flank as far as is necessary will face to the
left and march on the enemy. He replied,
" That suits me." and rode away. My head of
columa soon reached the edge of the woods,
and the enemy at once opened on it with nu
merous artillery, and ope rapid glance showed
them to be in force much greater than I hud,
and extending considerably beyond my right.
Mv command therefore, instead of marching
on as directed, by head cf column, deployed at
once. Kershaw."a very cook judicious and gal
lant gentleman, immediately turned the head
of his column and marched by flank to right,
and put his men under cover of a stone wall.
Barksdale, the fiery, impetuous Slississiupian.
following, came into line on the left or Ker
sh&w, his men sheltered by trees and part of
a stone wall and under a gentle declivity. Be
sides the artillerv firing, the enemy were ad
vancing a strong line of skirmishers and threat
ening an advance in lino. I hurried back »o
quicken the march of those in rear, and sent
orders for my artillery to move to my right and
open fire, so as to draw the fire of the opposite
artillery from my infantry. I will here state that
I had in ray division about six thousand, aggre
gate. w hich. 1 think, is over the mark
Well, six thousand men standing in line would
occupy over a mile, and in marching in the
manner and over the roads we came they would
extend a mile and a half. So you will perceive
that to form line of battle by directing troops
across the country broken by fences ana ditches
requires considerable time, and it was difficult,
from the same causes, to get the artillery in
position.
While this was going on I rode forward, and
getting off my horse, went to some trees in ad
vance and took a good look at the situation,
and the view presented astonished me, as the
enemy was massed in my front, and extended
to my right and left as far as I could see.
The firing on my command showed to Hood
in my rear that the enemy was in force In my
front and right, and the head of his column
waa turned by General Longstreet’s order to
go on my right, and as his troops appeared, the
enemy opened on them, developing a long line
to his' right even, and way up to the top of
Round Top. Thus was prevented a state of af
fairs which was certainly not contemplated
when the original plan or order of battle was
given, and certainly was not known to General
Longst reet not a half hour previous.
As I have already stated, (teueral Longstreet
had informed me just previous to my arriving
in view of the enemy 8 position, that I would
arrive entirely on their flank, and he wished me
to march into my position in column of com
panies. and when well on the enemy’s flank
to face or form line to the left and march down
upon them. General Kershaw in his report
says, his brigade being at the head of my col
umn. that General Longstreet came to him
while marching, and toid him that his (General
L's) desire was, that lie(Kershawi should at
tack the enemy at the p«ach orchard, turn his
flank and extend along the cross road with his
left resting towards the Emmetisburg road.
You can see by the accompanying map what a
veiy different state of affairs existed from what
General Longsiieet must have thought really
did. as it would simply have been absurd for
General Kershaw to have attempted to do as he
was required or desired.
General Hood writes that his orders were to
place his division across the Emmeitsburg road.
Form line and attack, but that, from a rapid
reconnoisance, he saw that if he made the at
tack according to orders he should first be com
pelled to attack and drive off the advanced line
of battle, to pass over a very broken, rocky
character of country, which would scatter his
m«u very much, and’ that his division would be
6rpostvi to a heavy fire from the main line of
the enemy, podte ? on the crest of the high
range of which Round lop was tfte extreme
left, and that he would be subjected to a de
structive fire in flank and rear as well as in
front. Aa bad as he represents the difficulties
to lie overcome, if he attempted to carry out
his orders, I would have been in a worse posi
tion if 1 had attempted to carry out mine, as
the main l*odv of the enemy was directly in my
front, aud tlie enemy's numerous
were posted in front of :ne in the peach orchard
and to its tea*. General Hood says he report
ed that it was unwise to attack qp the Eni-
mettsburg road as ordered and urged that he
be allowed to turn Round Top and attack the
enemy iu flank and rear, but that General
Longstreet returned answer: "General Lee’s
orders are to attack up the Emmettsbuig road !*’
That he shot again, and reported that noth
ing was to be gained by such an attack, and
the answer was: “Gen. Lee’s orders are to at
tack up the Einmettsburg road."
That during these intervals of time he had
continued to use the batteries against the
enemy, and it seemed to his more extended
reconnoisance that the position occupied by
the enemy was naturally so strong, so nearly
impregnable that, independently of their flans
fire, they could repel nis attack by throwing
stones down the mountain, and that a third
time u-i dispatched a staff officer to explain
more fully hi regard lo the situation, and to
suggest that he (-Jen. Longstreet) come m per
son and s'?e for himself, and that his Adjutant
General, whom he sent the last time, returned
lyith tijc same message: "Gen. Lee's orders are
to mtack up the Eiuinettshurg road:" and al-
nltaneouslv Col. Fairfax, of Lomr-
brigade * I was anxious to see how they would j the storm of shot and she-lL Of course there been concentrated on their advance, and. more
get over it and around it. When they reached ; was not a soldier in either army of any ex- probable, because of the presence on their im-
It. tne fence disappeared as if by magic, and j perience who did not know that an J mediate flank of Longstreet’s two divisions,
the slaughter of the ‘red breeched souavee' on : assault was to be made somewhere, ! But a short while after Pickett's charge was
the other side was terrible :" i and the shells, as they bursted over the enemy 's ! over and while my men were at rest, as I have
My whole line or nearly all reached the ! lines, gave of themselves a pretty sure indica- ’ described, a staff officer of Gen. Lane. In corn-
tone wall at the foot of Little Round rion to them that it was on their centre that tho rnand of Hood's division (General H. having
J ’ ^ * -••• shock was to be given. Not «nly was that a
sign, but undoubtedly they could see our pre
parations from every prominent signal station
from Round Top on their left to the cemetery
on their right, and disposed their forces, sta
tioned their reserves, and made all other n**ed-
{
DISAfiTROl S FIRE IN THEfO| \.
TRY.
stone
Top and to the left as you will see
here, and established itself temporarilv there
A portion of Wofford!*, brigade occupied a po
sition reallyJb near of the enemy's line on tho
left.. So.murai so that General Bryan, then
Colonel of the Sixteenth’Georgia, states that
he would-uot-allow his rfiehto take possession fid preparations to meet the shock, and to meet
again forbade it. General Lee said nothing
more, and I left them, and. joining my com
mand, put it under cover under a line of woods
a short distance off. General Longstreet ap
peared as if he was irritated and annoyed, but
the cause I did not aak. When 1 rejoined my
couimand I sent my engineer officer. Lieutenant
Mosteure, to go and join Major Johnson, and
gas* h<nt instructions what to observe par
ticularly, a» he waa an officer in whom
I bad confidence, but was ordered back.
most simultaneously Cpl. Fairfax, of Long
street’s staff, rode up and repeated the order.
While this was going ou an order came
from Genural Longstreet, borne by Major
I^atrobe, such is my recollection, asking why
did 1 not charge, “as there was no one in my
front but a regiment of infantry and a battery
of artillery." I told the officer that I would
charge so soon as my division was formed for
it: ttuit the enemy was in great force in niy im
mediate front, with numerous artillery, aud
extended far to the right. In a very short time
after this the order was repeated, and I in
formed the officer again tnat the enemy was so
strong in my front that it required careful pre
paration for the assault, or it necessarily would
tea failure; that the opposite artillery was
numerous, and it was necessary to break its
force by the fire of our artillery: that as soon
as it ojieneJ. and my men were all up, I would
move forward, but requested that he come to
the front and see for himself.
Not long af *er the order came peremptorily
for me to charge, the officer representing that
General Lee was with General Longstreet, and
joined in the order, and I got on my horse and
sent word that in five minutes I would be under
way. But while collecting my staff to send the
orders for a simultaneous move of the whole
line, a courier dashed up, with orders for me
to wait utttll HOod'got Into position. 1 sup
pose by this time Hood’s protests against at
tempting to charge up the Emmettsburg road
had been received, and hence the delay,
f sent to communicate with Hood at once in
order to follow bis movement. General I King-
street then came up in person and I met him.
Hi* first words were, *‘Why is not a battery
placed here?" pointing to the place where the
road by which we marched reached the edge
of the open space in front. I replied, “General,
if a battery is placed there it will draw the
enemy's artillery right among my lines formed
for the charge and will of itself be in the way
of my charge, tend to demoralize my
men." His reply w»*s only a peremptory order
for a battery, and it waa sent forward, placed
in that position, and its flro at once drew the
enemy's fire of artillery up^n it, cutting the
limbs of the trees in abundance, which fell
around my men, and the bursting shells and
shot wounded or killed a number whilst in
line formed fer^he .advance, producing a nat
ural feeling of uneasiness among ihem. I got
oa my horse and rode atnOng them, directing
them to lie down, so as to escape as much as
possible from the shot and shell which were
being rained around us from a very short range.
All this happened within fifteen or twenty
minutes. Under cover of their fire the enemy
were making strong demonstrations of an
advance, and General Barksflale two or
three times came to me and said, "General,
let me go; General, let me charge But as
I was waiting General Longstreet s will I told
General Barksdale to wait and let the enemy
come, half way and then we would meet on
more equal terms.
Hood oad been in the meanwhile moving to
wards the enemy's left, but he never did go far
enough to envelop the left, got even partially.
It was said at rhe time, on the field, that ne
would have done so, but his guides and Scouts,
who had been around to the enemy's left in the
morning, La<l gotten confused on their return
wich the division and missed carrying the head
of column far enough to our rignt, and it be
came heavily engaged before Hood intended
it, and being pressed on his left sent to me for
assistance, and the charge of my division was
ordered. Gea.Jvershaw, with his South Caro
lina brigade leading, followed by Semmes with
Georgia brigade ; then Barksdaie, and \Yof*— J
last. The two last had bean
becn placed among their
™ and "ere temporarily delayed in extri
cating themselves therefrom. So much was it
the case with one of Wofford's regiments that
it did not get out to join thn brigade until it had
gone about ope hundred yards. Coming on at a
double quick tne whole line as it advanced be
came heavily engaged, Kershaw and Semmeo
acting together on the right. These brigades
gave mutual assistance, contending against odds
which would have enveloped them, but Wof
ford's brilliant advance struck the attacking
force in their flank and the enemy gave way
pursued by the whole lino.
Barksdale who. as I have said, had been ex
ceedingly impatient for the order to advance,
and whose enthusiasm was shared bv his com
mand. was standing ready to give‘the word,
not far from me. and so soon as it was signified-
to me, I sent my Aide-de-camp, Captain G. B.
Lamar. Jr., to carry the order to General Barks
dale. and the mmlt 1 will give in Captain La
mar's words: “I had witnessed many charges
marked in every way by unflinching gallantry.
battery from- which the men had been
driven, whichjyas immediately in front of his
regiment and distant about one hundred yards,
for fear they would be captured.
But the whole line was so advanced and being
without support on their flank, it was ordered
to retire by General Longstreet. and I formed a
new line, running from the peach orchard diago
nally towards Round Ton, from which it was
concealed by the mass or woods in our front,
which was held as far as half way across the
wheat field by my skirmishers.
At the commencement of the charge General
Longstreet went forward some distance with
Wofford's brigade, urging them on by voice and
his personal example to the most earnest efforts.
The troops needed no outside impulse, but his
conduct was gallant and inspiring. 1 have no
doubt but that when Geueral Longstreet be
came suddenly aware of the true status of
affairs, that instead of the heads of his column
debouching from the woods on the flank of the
enemy (recollect the head of the column was
conducted by General Lee's staff officer), they
were suddenly confronted with superior foro^s,
in position and ready for the fight, and besides
extending far away to his right, he was very
much disconcerted and annoyed, principally
because it was evident at a glance that the
plan of battle, so far as his forces were con
cerned, could not be carried out. For Instead
of attacking or moving with his forces down
the Emmettsburg road, nis lines perpendicular
to it. leaving the enemy to either retire or change
their front to meet his attack or to be attacked
in turn in their flank by others of our troops join
ing in as we advanced—Hood and myself. The
whole of our attack was against the front of the
enemy, in position, prepared to receive us. The
question then arises, was it General Long-
street's duty, or would ho have been justified,
when he became aware that General Lee’s or
der could not be obeyed, that the reconnoisance
on which they were based had been faulty, and
that he had therefore given th«»se orders under
mistaken or false information, to have halted
his command, and going back to General Lee,
inform him of (he true status of the enemy,
and that his order of attack should be changed,
as it was not the best under the circumstances?
Longstreet’s two divisions were not strong
enough to cover tho front of attack, much less
envelop the flank, and he should have !>een re
inforced before making the assault he did.
You will find, as I proceed, that General Long
street hail been ordered to partially envelop
the enemy's left and drive it in with his com
mand. But the officer who had made the re-
connoisan 'e, and was appointed to lead his
troops by the necessary route, to carry out the
order, carried Longstreet’s leading division not
on the flank, but in tne immediate presence of
a superior force, and so close that he could not
withdraw iu order to march farther to the left
without serious complications. It is trie he
could have waited, but he was. as 1 understood
it. urged to the assault.
If Pickett's division had been with mine fol
lowing it, I believe that Round Top could have
been captured from tuy side and we could have
established ourselves there. But if Longstreet
was waiting for Pickett he was not allowed to
wait long enough, because General Lee did not
think the enemy 's left was occupied so strongly
as it was, even at that late hour, and was not
made aware of the groat natural 6tre»-gth of
the enemy's position. If General Longstreet
had taken the responsibility to report that the
positions in his front were naturally so strong
and were so strongly occupied tluit his force
could not accomplish the important results that
were expected, and insisted on a delay until his
whole force was concentrate-1 aud a more thor
ough examination made, I do not think the
battle would have been fought at all. but that
General Lee would have manoeuvred to force
an attack upon himself. Nor have I a doubt but
that if the corps had moved boldly in position
by eight or nine o’clock in the morning, as it
could have done beyond question, that .Round
Top could have been occupied orftbout any very
considerable difficulty; provided, those posi
tions were not occupied in force by the enemv
until after twelve o'clock, as is noic asserted.
But as the (see page 21) information up to three
o'clock or three and a half, was so faulty as to
create the impression in both General Long-
street's and General Lee’s mind that the left
was not then occupied iu any force, I am very
much inclined to the belief that if is not known
whether those positions were held in force at
teu o’clock in the morning of the second or
were not occupied until much later in the day,
and that the arguments concerning the delay in
attacking of Longstreet’s. corps, so far as the
enemy's non-occupation of Round Top and
vicinity is eoncerntki, is based in a great meas
ure on information received from publications
since the war.
When I had the brief interview with General
Lee, before mentioned, he did not appear id be
particularly anxious that Longstreet should oc
cupy the left. He certainly was in no hurry for
It. for both Hood’s and my division were put
under cover, and remained resting within a half
a mile of where I left him, and he went off. if
he did, with a full knowledge that they were
not in motiou. My informational the time was
tluit he was not decided positively gs tho
main point oi attack, but was waiting for Infor
mation. Of course I do not know what his real
intentions were, as I cannot boast of his having
taken me into his confidence. But I litdieve he
gave his orders for the movement of Long
street’s assault based on Information obtained
very early in the morning.
I do not take it upon myself to say that Gen.
Longstreet is to be blamed for not disolieying
his orders to attack when he became aware
that, contrary to expiations, tho enemy waa
in great force in his immediate front. For, as I
understood Major Latrobe, Gen. Let* was with
him when th*' enemy had ojiened on my tJjyLiQfc,
thu* dijciosjng |Len iiumeuiaio presence, aiid
but a short while after 'Ho-xl's reports must
har< l>^*n received: and if, under those circum
stance:., Longstreet had not engaged, there were
some, :. am grieved to say. in the army who
would have ascribed liis conduct to the worst
of motives, or who might have done so—and
his ofyt-rs were positive—and, the greater the
then. in. m o )v ?v!!l£ an order, the more
imperative in it upon an officer’s honor to do
his best to carry it out. I therefore only assert
my belief that if the attack had been delayed
much 1 letter results would have followed.
General I>ee in his report says: “ Longstreet
was directed to place the divisions of Hood and
McLaws on the right of Hill, partially envelop
ing the enemy’s left, which lie was to drive in."
Gen. Kill was directed to threaten the enemy's
centre, to prevent reinforcements being drawn
to either wing and to co-operate with his right
it at the exact portion of their lines it was made.
The forces of the enemy were on a crest over
looking our position, the hill, known as Ceme
tery Hill, declining to their rear, so that tbey
could move their troops without being seen by
us, whilst our movements were plainly visible
for fully a mile distant on an average along our
entire front: and down the main roads for a
mile further all between the armies was swept
by artillery. I sat on niv horse watching the
shells passing over me, now bursting over ar
tillery, now over the enemy’s lines and then
suddenly against Round Top, until it became
monotonous, as the results could but be con
jectured. But finally, during a temporary lull
in the artillery fire, roy attention was attracted
by seeing a number of my command, among
them General Wofford on borsehack. looking
intently down our lines towards Gettysburg,
and I rode in that direction and saw the ad
vancing Confederates moving to the charge on
the enemy's centre. The sight was
magnificent, it was grand, as it stirred
all the highest and deepest emotions of our na
ture. of admiration for the splendid bearing
and courage of our Southern men, mingled with
a heartfelt prayer for the most fortunate re
sults; but of reasonable hope of real success,
based on what one could see, there was none.
I had had some such feelings aroused many
years before, during the siege of Vera Cruz,
when looking at a number of strong ships, well
manned and equipped, having on board our sick,
our ammunition and supplies and our soldiers'
wives, being driven by tne irresistible force of a
norther against a sandy shore. Their destruc
tion as ships was a foregone conclusion, and the
only thing we who saw them coming could do,
in our blind bewilderment, was to "pray that
God would have mercy on the crew.’ Tbe irre
sistible force which operated here was the mili
tary honor to obey his orders, which actuated
the leader of the charge, that noble, chivalrous,
fearless, high-toned gentleman and old army
officer. General Geo. E. Pickett, and the pride
and courage of the Army of Northern Virginia,
which made them eager to try to do wha ever
General Lee ordered.
It was a charge upon the enemy’s centre,
made by Pickett’s division and Heth's, advanc
ing in two lines. Pickett on the right. Wilcox's
brigade marching in rear of Pickett's to guard
that flank, and Ileth’s division was supported
by Lane and Scales’ brigades under General
Trimble. I was far in advance of the main Con
federate line, and could see along both the ad
vancing Confederates and those of the enemy
lying couchant to resist their charge.
" Our troops moved steadily under a heavy fire,
the main attack being against the left centre of
the enemv. The enemy’s artillery, which had
slackened Just previous to the charge, now re
opened with renewed energy, whilst our batter
ies slackened theirs because of dtx reased ammu
nition. which enabled the enemv to move their
infantry from other portions of the field, rein
forcing their front and moving to attack the
flanks of the assailing force. But in spite of all
this, the first line of the enemy was reached by
our men and taken possession of. a large num
ber leaping over and dashing at the second line,
a great number sheltering themselves behind
the stone walls or fortifications of the first line.
But all this was but momentary, for the enemy,
rushing their reinforcements, overpowered our
men: the most advanced, or most of them,
threw down their arms and surrendered, as also
did many behind the first line captured. The
rest fled in confusion, and what is known as
Pickett's charge was over, w ith no results but
the exemplification of the spirit and daring of
our jieople. The enemy dia not pursue, but
rested content with the success so miraculously
given to them. I looked around on my com
mand, very few of whom were aware of the tre
mendous sacrifice that had been consummated.
They were all in place, and needed but to be
called to be ready, und seeing no necessity for
arousing them I said not a word, but let them
rest on.
Geueral Lee, in bis r.-port, says, in reference
to this charge of Pickett’s:
‘The general plaa was unchanged [that is, the
plan of the 2dl. Longstreet, reinforced by-
Pickett's three brigades, which arrived near the
battle field during the afternoon of the 2d, was
ordered to attack the next morning, and Gene
ral Ewell was directed to assail tne enemy's
right at the same time.’’ I never heard that
such was even contemplated. Again, he con
tinues: “General Longstreet’s dispositions were
not completed as early as was expected but be
fore notice could bo sect to General Ewell, Gen
eral Johnson bad already lieoome engaged, and
it was too late to recall him;’’ and then goes on
to relate the causes of his failure, one or them
being because the projected attack on the ene
my’s left had not lieeu made, thus enabling him
to occupy his right with a largely superior
force; and again he says (I quote exactly):
“General Longstreet was delayed by a force oc
cupying the high rocky- hills on the enemy’s ex
treme left from which his troops could be at
tacked in reverse as they advanced: his opera
tions had been emliarrassed tho day- previous
by the same cause; and he now rtnemeu it ne
cessary to defend Ms flank aud rear with the di
visions cf UpiKi and McLaws. He was there
fore reinforced by Heth’s division and two bri
gades of Pender s to the command of which
Major General Trimble was assigned. "
If General Longotreet did not attack early on
the 3d, as General Lee says he wag ordered to
do, his reasons for not doing so appear to have
been perfectly satisfactoiy tu General Lee, and
as the same causes were in existence when Pick
ett's charge was made, it is not to be disputed
that General Lee could not have expected Long-
street ? right div|«i C - 5 * 0 tako pan in that
Chirg£.
In his account of what is known as Pickett’s
charge. General Lee says—and as General Lea's
report was published before his death, and was
unconiradicted. or was not disputed, I take it
for granted that what he there says, in regard
to his own orders and his own intentions, etc.,
cannot now be questioned:
“The troops moved steadily on under a heavy-
fire of musketry and artillery agaiust the ene
my's left centre, whose batteries reopened as
soon as they appeared. Our own having nearly
exhausted I heir ammunition in the protracted
cannonade that preceded tne advance of the
infantry - , were unable to reply or render the
necessary support to the attacking party. Giv
ing to this fact, u'hich wasunknoum to me when
the assault took place, the enemy wa? ' sled
to throw a strong force of infantry ag .
left, already wavering from the cor .,. u. •
fire of artillery from the ridge in Lvnb :
from Cemetery Hill on the left."
It was about this stage in the c
sew the advance. It Ls intimated here b* -
been wounded! came to me from General Lane,
asking that I send one of my brigades to take
the place of one of his. in line, that had been
detached to act against cavalry. I directed him
to tell General Lane that, as Pickett had been
utterly muted, he must close on the centre und
cover, his vacant space as he best could, as I
could not spare a brigade. Just after the officer
hail gone Colonel Sorrel General Longstreet’s
Adjutant General, rode up. and I proceeded to
inform hhn of General Lane's request and my
instructions to him. He said: “Never mind
that now. General. General Longstreet di
rects that you retire to your positiou
of yesterday. Retire at once and I will carry the
order to General Law to retire Hood’s division.”
I commenced to discuss the necessity of the or
der. as the advanced position I held was impor
tant. and had been won after a deadly strug
gle. that the order was given no doubt Because
of Pickett’s repulse, but as there was no pur
suit there was no necessity of it. Before con
cluding, Colonel Sorrel, interrupting, said:
"General, there is no discretion allowed, the
order is for you to retire at once." I rode rap
idly around and directing some brigades to re
A.al.l.nee Sent from Savannah.
Yesterday afternoon Chief Blair, of
the Savannah Fire Department, was no
tified that a disastrous fire had broken
out on the plantation of Mr. Van R.
-Winkler (the Bottersby place), about
feu miles from the eity, on the Savannah
river, and that assistance was required
There is a large rit e mill and numerous
outbuildings on the place.and an immense
quantity of riee which had been cut was
stacked on the plantation and in immi
nent danger of being destroyed. Under
permission of the Mayor, Chief Biair had
the steamer John W. Acdctson gotten
ready, aud securing the services of an
engineer from Tynan’s foundry-, with
Messrs. A. Jones Franklin and J. T.
Kollock, dispatched her on a flat in tow-
tire by head of regiment, an ravines anti others I of a tug boat at five o’clock for the scene
in lim*. and as tbt-v came from under the woods ; ,'ryr. v n ,,i ... .
which concealed-thent from Round Top. the conflagration. Ao particulars as to
batteries up there opened on them, but by ! the origin of the fire were received, hut
quickening the pace the aha was so disturbed it is apprehended t hat the loss will be very
that no damage wan done. I halted the brigades
as they came into position, and in a short while
my line was re-established in the {xisition of the
day before. As we came in the enemy ad
vanced. clouds of skirmishei-s coming. 1 sup
pose their lines of battle behind, I strengthen
ed ray skirmishers and drove or kept them back
of the peaeh orchard so that I could rest un-
disturbed on my new line, and then went to my
new position, and was sitting on my horse
watching the enemy, when Major Johnson, of
General Lee's staff, the same who had con
ducted my column the day before, rode up and
remarked: “General, you have your division
under very fine control!" I asked him what
he meant. “Why," he said, “your orders are
obeyed ho promptly.” "What is there strange
about that?" I asked. “Have you not been
repulsed and are retreating?" “No, sir.” I
replied. “I have not been etigagixl to-day. I
am but taking up this position by order of
General Longstreet." lie apologized, saying
that he thought I had been engaged and had
been forced to r^re. etc. Not long after this
Colonel Sorrel came to me and asked if I could
retake the position I had just abandoned. I
demurred most decidedly to the suggestion,
under the circumstances, and aske«i why he
made the inquiry. “Because." he said. "General
longstreet had forgotten that he had ordered
it. and now disapproved the withdrawal. “But.
Colonel Sorrel." I said, "recollect that you gave
me the order?” “Yes. sir," h*‘ said, “and
General longstreet gave it to me."
I was informed afterwards by General Ben-
ning, of Hood's division, that he apvcr had been
informed of my withdrawal, neither had <ien-
eral Du Bose, and their commands had, in
consequence, to run for it to get away, by
reason of the sudden advance of the enemy on
their flanks after I withdrew. They were under
tbe orders of Genera! Law.
As Pickett's repulse ended the battle of
Gettysburg, the order for the withdrawal of
Longst reel's advance was eminently proper, as
otherwise it would have been left in a very pre
carious position, and it showed military fore
sight in Colonel Sorrel, if he had used his own
judgment in gi. ing the order. My recollection
is that tnis retreat was made about 2 o’clock
p. m.
The enemy made no attempt to advance
against my part of the line after it had been re
established. aud th - two armies remained
quiet during the remainder of the day—that is
on the right and as far as I could see to my left.
General Bryan, who succeeded to the com
mand of Femmes’ brigade, has informed me
that on the 3d of July himself aqd General
Benninggotan order to join in an assault on
Round Top. but that both refused to obey. 1
knew nothing of the order, nor can I conceive
who gave tt.
My division to-: withdrawn fruit the battle
ground with the rest of ta'* array, and retired
via Monterey and Falling Waters across the Po
tomac into Virginia, without any hindrance
from the enemy.
It may be remarked, in conclusion, that no
one aa yet has seemed disposed to give blame
to General Lee—I mean no one who was under
his command—but no matter what order
gave, or what resulted from it, if even disaster
followed, it has been the disposition to believe
that the cause was not in the order but in ihe
execution of it by subordinates. This resulted
in a gteak"measure from that nobility of soul
which caused General I-ee to be willing u> take
the blame on himself and not to try and throw
it on others.
He was one of those chosen few m the world
so richly endowed with that divine quality
which made men follow him, attach them-
selven to him, and do his bidding without quefj- «
tion; that he never hod to contend against the '
machinations of the ambitio'15, the %nvious, or
the mischievous. No matter whether in victory
or defeat he hail no defection from him, and to
the iOst his con\m*HUs were obeyed without a
murmur. This great respect and confidence
which all had in him prevented or disarmed
even a desire to criticise his orders.
And no matter how we may at this day dis
cuss the causes of our failure at Gettysburg, it
remains the general opinion that if General
Lee’s orders had L ui* obeyed all would have
been well, and that they were not, resulted from
causes beyond liis control
And it is due to General Lee to believe that in
those instances where his orders seem now to
have been defective, he would, if living, be able
to supply such information Oouceruing them as
would make them plain.
In thii reduction, I think the following ex
tract men a report made by Colonel Allan, of
General Ewell’s staff, evidently an unprejudiced
and capable gentleman, is worthy of serious
consideration. It comes from one who repre
sents that great and gallant soldier, who suc
ceeded the Immortal Stonewall, and whose
corps waa on the left of our army. Colonel
Allan says:
"The ConftMierate line was a, Iru^g one, and the
perfect co-operation in tqe attack needed, to
prevent General Meade, whose line was a short
one. from using the same troops a t more than
onep< »int. was difficult of attainment.
"Two of the corps commanders, Hill and
Ewell, were new in their places
“Longstreet’s attack on the Federal left on
the 2d, was delayed beyond the expected time,
and was not promptly seconded by HiJ! and
Ewell when made.
Ewell's divisions were not made to act 1e con-
. Early, Rhodes acting in succes-
heavy, as there had been made an im
mense crop of rice on the place
Waver Steam Fire ronip.ny Auni-
ver.ary Supper.
The annual meeting of the Waver
Steam Fire Engine Company was held
at ther hail last evening, when, after tho
usual business had been disposed, of, the
election of ofliccrs for the ensuing year
was proceeped with and resulted as fol
lows :
Chns. O'Neil. President.
Jno. Frelxmie, First Foreman.
Jno. Counts, Second Foreman.
E. W. Connor, Secretary.
C. C. Elders, Treasurer.
After the meeting the company ad
journed to Coiliui's restaurant, on Brvan
street, where they were joined by a num
ber of iuvited guests, principally officers
and members of the Fire Department, to
partake of their first anniversary supper,
which had been prepared under the spe
cial supervision of that experienced cate
rer, L. R. Coll ini.
The table, which was set in the spa
cious dining room, was graced with ali
the luxuries and delicacies of tlie season,
and the feast was one over which the
greatest epicure might have gone into
' ecstaeies.
A most enjoyable evening was spent,
the conspicuous absence of regular
toasts and set speeches being no
ted with pleasure. The time
flew merrily by. hastened with anecdote
aud song and impromptu sentiments by-
different officers and numbers. The oc
casion altogether was most pleasurable,
and we trast mav be an augury of future
happiness at each succeeding anniversary
of the Wavers, thun which no more
.zealous or earnest company ever did
service in the Savannah Fire Department.
City Court.
Judge W. S. Chisholm, presiding.
Court convened at four o’clock yester
day afternoon for tae trial of criminal
cases, when the following were dis
posed of:
State vs. Joe Brown. Larceny. Found
guilty, and sentenced to pay a fine of
forty dollars and costs of court or six
months in jail.
Statu vs. J. Larkins. Assault and bat
tery. Not guilty.
Court adjourned until Monday after
noon next.
the strongest
division m Longstreet’.') attack. General Ewell j eral Lee that if he had known tho
was directed t*» make a simultaneous demon- J ammunition was so exhausted r
stration upon the enemy's right, to be converted j to reply, at the critical moment.
into a real attack should opportunity offer.
General Hill reports: "General Longstreet
was to attack the left flank of the enemy and
sweep down his line, and I was directed to co
operate with him with such of mv brigades
from the right as could join in with nis troops
in the attack.” He further gives it as his un
derstanding of Longstreet s position by saying:
"Tbe corps of General Longstreet was on my
right and.m a line, being ae^riy as nght angles
to mine." 1 kqve no doubt he reports Long-
street’s position not from what he saw, but
from what he knew was the orders of General
Lee. that Tvongslreet should oocupv. for my
line was but an extension of his on the right,
aud even Hood, away to rav right, never got
positions at right angles. He may have tried
to get that way, but did not succeed.
General Hill further says: "Soon after Mc
Laws moved forward. General Anderson moved
forward the brigades of Wilcox, Perry and
Wright in echelon." And that would have been
all right if Longstreet had enveloped th** ene
my's left and. "driving it in," had “swept down
his line. " but he did not. So the echelon attack
y.n mistake
I nave shown. I believe, that Longstreet never
did obtain a position, when the enemy's left
was partially enveloped, and never did "drive
it in. nor was he able to “sweep down his line,"
and finally, in making the attempt he did. he
was so hard pressed that my division, instead
of joining Hood, 03 he swept down the enemy’s
line, was ordered in, making a direct attack on
the enemy’s front, and botn Hood anti myself
had as much as we could attend to to prevent
our flanks being turned.
I have stated that Genera! Lee must have
given his orders for the attack based upon false
information, or perhaps it would be better to
say wrong information. I am unabl ' to find
out who ever did reconnoitre the left, excepting
that Major J. was ordered to do so. This l know,
for General Leq himself told me. but when Major
Johnson, who was conductingmy diyision.camo
suddenly in view of Round Top, with the ene
my's signal flags waving thereon, he appeared
equally as astonished as I was. And, therefore.
If'General Lee was relying on his report, he
was misinformed as to the true condition of
affairs.
I had been forbidden to reconnoitre, so had
my engineer officer. General Longstreet had
not done it, and General Lee had not. and.
therefore, it must have been that Major John
son bad gone there early in the morniqg. and
not seeing any one ha<J so reported, and u after
that time a different stale of affairs wao known
by anj'body to exist, it had not been reported to
either General Lee or General Longstreet; at
least it appears so. All this resulted from de
fective ana deficient organization of our staff
corps, not from anybody's fault, but from the
force of circumstan *es. We read since the war
that there waa an abundance of reconnoitering
on our left, but very Uttle, it an3' on our right.
The night of the 2u was spent in reor
ganization and attending the wounded, as I had
one Brigadier General (Barksdale) killed, one
'General Semmesi mortally wounded, aud many
Colonels and officers of'less rank killed and
wounded.
The Cliief Surgeon reported that I had lost in
killed, wounded and missing twenty-three
hundred and forty.
One company, numbering thirty-seven, had.
by tbe bursting of a shell in its front os it went
into the charge, lost thirty men, six killed,
leaving but seven unhurt.
In early morning of the 3d my new line was
carefully revised. Kershaw and Semmes’
brigades towards the Round Top, and the others
extending diagonally towards the peach orchard
—all concealed bv the woods from‘the batteries
on the hills. My skirmish lines were to the
front, commanding half-way across the wheat
field, which is shown on the map.
We lay undisturbed br the enemy. The exer
tion ana excitement of the previous day had
been tremendous, and excepting burying
parties, those engaged in attending to the
wounded and collecting and stacking arms,
division was resting.
What the next mow* -
to J
placed Just perpendicular to that, or “just the In some I had had the honor of participating
opposite." 1 then reiterated my request *o go when in tho line with the First Georgia Regu-
with Major Johnson, but General Longstreet
H.eq in the line with the First Georgia Regu
lars. but l never saw anything to equal the dash
and heroism of the Missiasippians. You re
member bow anxious General Barksdale was to
at tack the enemy, and his eagerness was parti
cipated in by all his officers and men, and when
I carried him tne order to advance his face was
radiant with joy. He was in front of his brig
ade, hat off. and his long white hair reminded
me of the White Flume of Navarre.’ I saw hirr.
as far as the eye could follow, s£li ahead of his
men, leading them on. The result you know.
You remember the picket fence in front cf his
was to be was unknown
IP jiv troops were in close proximity to
the enemy, and my front was covered with
woods.
If the enemy had determined to commence
the offensive, my command would become
engaged at very short notice, and I therefore
stayed with it.
It was not notified that it was in contempla
tion even to make any further attack by either
Hood s or my division, nor was I informed that
it was the mteption to assault the enemy's
centre with Pickett’s division, with the assist
ance of troops from other corps. I was not
told to be ready to assist, should the assault be
successful, nor instructed what to do should
the assault fail and tbe enemy advance. I con
tented myself with reconnoitering my ground
and vicinity in all the directions necessary for
movement in any emergency, and took op
position among my troops. I became early
aware that the artillery was concentrating
along ray rear, on the crest occupied by my
line, hefore I advanced, and that not only the
corps artillery but the guns from Hill's corps
ana others were preparing for a grand opening.
And when the numerous guns opened, shaking
the very earth between tne opposing armies,
the shot and shell from the batteries on our
right poured over my command: those of the
enemy crossing ours, going in opposite direc
tions, but all bent on the same mission of de
struction.
Not a shot, as I can remember, fell among
my men. We were resting entirely undis
turbed, excepting now and then a bomb shot
would come from Round Top, fired at some of
us moving about, and got in view of the batte
ries, in mere wantonnres, as the chance of hit
ting was rerv small, and they did not care to
waste a shell on one, two or three. The enemy
appeared to be waiting the assault to follow
would not have been made.
Who did know it ? Whose duty waa it to kno
it and whose duty was it to report the fact to
Genera! Lee? Aim why was it not done?
General Pickett, if he had known it, would
never, under the circumstances, have demurred
to the charge. He would have died first.
General Lee does not say anything about
General Lougstfeet not advancing his two di-
visitms. If you will observe this map, which is
a copy of the one carefully prepared by
the Federate since the war, showing the posi
tions of the Federal troops, you will observe that
the largest mass of Federal troops seem to
have been on that day, the 3d of July, posted
between my left and Pickett’s right, and at the
place or near it where Longstreet’s two corps—
Hood’s and mine—would have had to have at
tacked, if it had been intended they should, in
order to have been of service in aiding Idekettte
charge.
All along from Main Round Top on to Little
Round Top and to its foot and extending to
their right, the enemy’s lines had been fortified
during the previous night and strengthened
with additional troops, rendering the few pieces
which were assailable with some chances of
success on the 2d entirely unassailable with any
prospect of accomplishment on the 3d. 8o it
would have been of no use to Pickett for HootJ
and myself to have made a direct assgult on oiir
direct front. But we would have had to have
attacked about where you see that mass of
troops is lying, or was, and in attempting it we
would have exposed our flanks and rear to ar
tillery and infantry fire, besides the resistance
of the tremendous force which would meet us
in front. The right of Pickett and my left were by
no means in close proximity. There wa3 a gap of
a half mile between—it looked so to me—and I
therefore do not believe that we coqld ftave ef
fected anything, ahd if v. e had been repulsed as
Pickett was, which would not have been at all
improbahle under the circumstances as above
stated, and the enemy had then advanced their
whole line, the consequences might have been
more serious than they proved to be. I there
fore do not think that it was ever expected by
General Lee that Hood's and my division
should take part in the charge unless we. Lad
been moved round and enveloped G»e enemy’s
left, and yet without rr,:u*e nefp than we had—
more co-o}>erat*ou—it is difficult to conceive
hew Pickett could have beefl expected to be
suecesfui against the whole Federal army
Those writers who have attempted to fay the
blame upoa Longstreet’s cor *s for the'non-
success of the battle, either on the 2d or 3d, I
believe are entirely ignorant of the difficulties
which hte troops had to encounter. This can
be ascribed but to the want of proper recon-
nolsances having been made before tne general
plan of attack nad been determined ou, and ft
was assumed then, fraqi nasty reports, made
probably by persons hdt' skilled in such mat
ters. that tnere was not much to be overcome,
aud this erroneous opinion was nevor cor
rected. The enemy's forces o cupied a line
along the crest cf Cemetery Ilill, including
Round Top and Little Round Top. whteh, from
Orosp’s HOI, on their extreme right, to Round
Top. was about three miles long. The Con
federates partially enveloped Crosp’s Hill and
extended in a continued line around to ex
treme left, and about a mile distant from the
enemy 's line.
The enemy are said to have had one hundred
thousand men. Let us assume, for the com
parison, that they were all infantry hi lx>th
armies. Now, three miles is 5,580x3 :15,840
feet. A man iu close ranks Is allowed two feet
of space: he takes more ih the fight. Thus in
a space of three miles a double rank contain
ing 15.bl0'wouM form one line of battle without
intervals. Thus the enemy could have formed
over six lines of battle, one behind the other,
eontre. This hill or ridge on which they
were posted was, as I have before stated, higher
than the one we had been op, and '*^Scended
from the crest \Q ::. ar , as it did towards
us, They ^ere thus enabled to move thair
«,roops from one point to another without being
seen by us. The Confederates, so I read, had
60,000 men. and occupied, I believe, a curve five
miles long; five miles Is 5,280x5—26,400feet, or
26.400 men it would take to occupy our line
shoulder to shoulder; two lines would take 5^,-
800 men, or not quite two lines and a third: or
the enemy couJd have put three lines of battle
in position and then have had 52,480 men in re
serve, or a force in reserve nearly e^aal ta Lee s
arxnv. The enemv were compact and protected
and had free intercourse between their forces
and signal stations everywhere in every com
manding position. They could see all over our po
sitions. and commanded all the approaches with
a powerful artillery, and yet our army attacked
them in detached masses ftt different points
widely separated, and not acting in conjunction.
Why it was so or whose fault it was I do not pre
tend to assert, but that it was so no one will de
ny. As a further illustration of this. I will, with
your permission, read a short account of an
assault made bv A. R. Wright’s brigade
of Georgians, Hill’s corps, Anderson’s division.
No one can believe that General Lee contem
plated any such disjointed action, but must be
convinced that he had given orders for such co
operation as would in all probability have pro
duced better results, or having left it to the
judgment of hte Lieutenants whether to atack
or not, they misunderstood their ordere or did
not exercise that independent judgment in
carrying them out wnich was expected of them.
But to continue:
As I have stated previously, tbe enemy did
not pursue Pickett. If they nad I would have
at once called to anus and prepared to act as
the emergency called for—either attack the ad
vance against Pickett, or, if the whole line of
the enemy advanced, would have retired to my
position of the 2d. before the charge, and de
fended that line. The enemy did not pursue
because, perhaps, of the presence in their front
of the tremendous frtftlsry fire that would have
dfo!
feile
the line, he m ^
Longstreet. and tt.: . •.»*; - IV
cations with Baltimore, but up jr. n- ,
of Generals Ewell anil Johnson tha i.
tions In their front could be carried, he did iiu t
change hte plan. He urged concert of action
on the 3d, but Johnson s division fought and
suffered in tbe morning alone, and Pickett’s at
Hotel Arrivals.
Screven House.—J. D. Armour, Mrs. Ar
mour. Miss Armour, Ontario; Charles Barnes,
Felix Barnes, Columbus; W. B. Johnston, D. B.
Woodruff and wife, Macon: W. S. Seattergood,
Houston county; Mrs. F. Bivins Macon; W. T.
Clark, Columbus; I. C. Plant, Macon; J. W
Wheatley, Americas; George D. Wart hen,
Sandersvifie; Thomas N. Smith, Ga: J. J.
Gresham. Macon; W. L. Solomon and son,
Miss Mary E. Solomon, J. C. Solomon, Mrs. C.
R. Faulk, Twiggs, county ; W. A. Pye and lady.
Miss Lillie Pye, Miss Lucy Pve, Miss Alice
Morse, Mrs. R. Poe. Forsyth, Ga.: S. Hecht,
Atlanta: W. T. Maynard, wife, daughter
and three sons, E. S. Pharr and two
daughters, W. H. Head and wife, J.
M. Thomas and daughter, Forsyth, Georgia;
R. S. Crutcher, C. P. Brooks, E. C. Culpepper,
Forsyth, Ga.; H. V. Washington, J. H. Wash
ington, Macon. Ga.: J. L. Trimble, Alanta, Ga.;
Miss Fanin. Miss Winn. Miss Walker, Macon,
Ga; E. L. Fowler, Marietta, Ga.; Miss Susie
Lampkin. T. K. Brook, R. W. Hogan, Forsyth,
v*a.; R. W. Towshend and wife, Illinois; J. Ho
gan, J. W. Moran, S. B. Head, Forsyth, Ga.; J.
G. Long. 3t. Augustine. Fla.; U. C. Tiers, Phila
delphia; J. B. AlteTt, Baltimore; Mrs. J. Robin
son, New York; J. M. Tison, Jr., Brunswick,
Ga.: W. B. Francis, Ga.: Mr. and Mrs. Jacoeks,
New York; George Stetson and wife, Boston;
R. W. Grubb. Ga.; H. G. Garrison and wife.S.C.;
P. B, Sims, Mrs. J. W. Cheatham, nurse and two
children, Ga
Marshall House.—C. E. Lucas. Atlanta, Ga ;
J. W. Hterhtower. J. II. Normally, Lewis J.
Ruder, Griffin, (fa.; C. M, Conner. Burke county.
(ia.: Troup B. Hodges and wife. S. E. Coleman,
Midville; R. Hobbs, F. F. Putney, W. F.
Jloy., Albany, Ga.; D. H. Elliott. Live Oak, Fla.;
J. H. Malone, Sunny Side; Miss S. E. Inman,
Miss Lou Jones and sister, Midville;
at- i William T. Jones, Brunswick. Ga.: J. D.
*^ r on, Florida; J W. Alward, New York;
”«Mston, N. J.; F. I). Spear, Lock
’s. Eatonton. Ga.; L. J.
T acob Ham-
menu- Co; . _ Co®e snd
• • w, FVvrif
1 i Cifct- j* C* John W J?h.
'V j pardar. • .: 1L-h) »o daughter and J
ute j two sii» t »r i*av' L.rj. G%,
I T Horse.- tioiph Church. Layton, ©;
van. t. H. !r\*
Fort Uai..- 'N. ,-.e . H i./; 'U-biku,
Boston.Mass: vv\ I*. B~, ij’*y and wif*-C; cago
H. C. CnamtjeraPhilatelybia. J <j-*
tack iu the afternoon was unsupported. There ta Ga- R.E Brown C R R T D
was nothing foolish in Pickett s attaac had it Armour. Mtes L. Armour, Cobourg, Oni,
been executed as designed. Pickett earned the Washington, Macon. Ga: Thos. N. smith, San-
works bef<»re him; had Pettigrew and Wilcox dersville; Hugh V. Washington. T. C. Dempsey-
moved with him, and Hill and Ewell vigorously and son, Miss E. Wilkenson, Macon, Ga; K.J
seconded^ 1 tys onset. General Lee never doubted Burch and lady, Guyton. Ga; Felix Barrte, Chas
that the Federal army would have been ruined."
But although that battle -a as against us, and
although the war was against us, and we lost all
save our honor, we have been taught a lesson
which I hope wa will profit by. We are taught
that the pluck of the South, when well direct
ed. though with very few resources to back it,
has wrestled with great chances of succesq
against the most powerful combinatior, in war
that perhaps was ever made c^ninst dny peo
ple ; and now that tho \sar Is over, let us again
concentrate t in1x >ni energies, that pluck,
to th'; ikoonnpltehment of success in ali the arts
of peace that go to make a people prosperous*
and happy, and the habits of endurance which
our heavy adversity has learned its will be but
stepping stones to our success over all rivals.
Director* of the Central Railroad.
The annual election for Directors of
the Oeiftral Railroad and Banking Com
pany was held yesterday morning. The
attendance of the stockholders was un
usually large, aurl twenty-five thousand
two hundred and fifty-six shares were
represented by ballots. The result was
as follows;
W. M. Wadley, Andrew Low of Sa
vannah, and W. B„ Johnston of Macon.
Moses Taylor and W. R. Garrison, New
Yorii.
E. C. Anderson of Savannah, and J.
J. Gresham of Macon.
G. M. Sorrel, George Cornwell. W. W.
Gordon, J. Hauers and II. R. Epping
Savannah.
Clinton I. Drown, Atlanta.
The Board will meet for organization
in a few days.
A Street Fight.
Benton Tree and Peter King, negroes,
were before the Police Court yesterday
morning charged with creating a dis
turbance and excitement in the - icinity
of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad on
Sunday afternoon. It appears the par
ties were n a quarrel, and concluded to
settle the o ispute by a fight. Tlie combat
opened lively, each of the warriors draw
ing a knife and slashing at one another
One received a cut in the neck and th$
other a wipe across the head and u&nd.
The Mayor fined them each t&yeo dollars
and costs for disturbing U»e peace, not
having authority tu take cognizance of
the cutting. As no warrants were issued
by any or the magistrates yesterday at
the instance of either party, it is ’pre
sumed they intend to let the matter drop.
Whenever and Wherever
Diseases of a choleraic type prevail, or there
is cause to apprehend a visit- from them, the
system should be toned, repeated and rein
forced by a course of Hostetters’ Stomach Bit
tern. Perfect digestion and a regular habit of
body are the best safeguards against such mala
dies, and both are secured by this inestimable
tonic and alterative. The Bitters are also ex
tremely servicable in remedying such disorders.
If promptly taken in bilious colic, diarrhcea and
cholera morbus, the disease is usually frus
trated. In diarrhoea cases it is only necessary
to restore the toue of the relaxed bowels, and
this is one of the specific effects of this medi
cine. Wind on the stomach, heartburn, bilious
ness, nausea, headache and other symptoms of
disturbance in the gastric and hepatic regions
are also speedily relieved by this excellent
remedy. As a family medicine it te invariable,
since it promptly and completely remedies
those ailments which are of most frequent oc
currence. janS-Tu,Th, SoS: wit
Barrte. Columbus, ‘ra; J. T. Brooks, Ga; C. P.
Goodyear, Brunswick; P. M. Hogau. Ga: J. Mo
ran, Jeff. Ilogau, Ga; D. B. Woodruff and wife,
Mrs F. Bivins. Macon Ga: W. S. Scattergood,
Houston county ; F. ifanft, Milledgeville, Ga.
Coluni’s European- House.—F. K. Freeman,
hop, and neice. Fort Gaines, Ga.; Mrs. A. W.
Smith and servant, Bethany. Ga; Mrs. J. W.
Cheatham. 3 children and servant. Miss M. A.
Smith, J. F. Hanson, C. F. McC’roan, Maurice
DeitslL W\ W. Smith, Geo, Boyiieau, J. 8. Cal
houn, w. L. Calhoun, South Carolina; S. Hecht,
Atlanta; S. E. Groover, Wm. Lee. Orcola, Ga;
Capt. Martin, W R. Tyson. Philadelphia; A. G.
Wilson, B A. Gleason. T. R. Rainer, T. S. Hau-
sur. J. K Petersone, St. Louis.
Planters Hotel.—W. S. Pemberton. Chat
ham county. Ga.: A. P. Turner, Mxiner, Ga. - B
R. Manor, Indianapolis. Ind. ; W. C. Smith,
G. Waddell, Bartow, Ga: Dr. G. Bell, J. H.
Roundtree, Swainsbor, Ga.: T. M. Freeman and
family. Too inshore, Ga.; O. 31. Cone and wife.
Miss Millie Franklin, Milledgeville.Ga.: C. F. lay,
Egypt.Ga; B. A. Smith.Bartow Ga.; C. A. Har
ris and tedy, Miss Annie Harris, Miss Dixie
HarriMiss Florence Powell, Cuthbert, Ga.;
T. J. Born, Southern Express Company;
F. W Flint, Atlanta, Ga ; Mrs. E. Mitchell. Ga.:
D. L. Westervelt and wife, E. C. Wait and wife,
Chicago, Ill.; Mrs. Robert Carr, Darien, Ga.; J.
M. Lutus, F. G. Merchant, New York; William
Tarver, Louisville, Ga; Dr. Greene. Mrs. Greene,
Master Frank Greene, New Orleans, La. • W. J.
Davis. 3lies M. C. Davis, P&rachucla, S. C.; E!i
Nasworthy, Louisville, Ga: Wm. E. Delany,
Woonsocket, R. I.; Win. F. Raymond, Bridge
port, Conn.; Warren S. Fox, Agent South Car
olina Mirystieis; B. F. Stokes, South Carolina;
3Ites Emma Granniss, Macon, Georgia: G. O.
Waddell, Bartow, Georgia*. A. W. Armstrong,
Macon, Georgia: S. Sheftall, Ogeechee: Mrs.
E. .Manson, G. H. Manson, Portland, Maine;
James Evans and wife, Boston, Mass.; D. E.
Lane, Ceder Keys, Fla.; R. K. Baker, Darien,
Ga.; J. R. Cook, C. P. Goodyear, Brunswick,
Ga.: J W. Steward, Jacksonville, Fla.: Captain
D. S. Leslie, Fort Ihilaski; A. W. 3IcDonald. At
lantic and Gulf Railroad: F. J. Gesner. 3Iill-
edgeville, Ga.: H. C. HeudJeston. Central Rail
road: S. G. Griffitba, Louisville, Ky.: Wm.
Norris. Barnwell.South Carolina; A. T. Durden,
A. L. Turner, W. D. Stephens. Georgia;
Duggan, Toomsboro. ' John W
Milledgeville, Ga.; C. H. hid, Man
C\; W. W. Smith, C. Q Baker.' -aLu
C.:Q. W. Wright, BrunswicV
W. L.
Bottom P-
We are offering our <
Silk. Soft and Stiffs ; alsu
Hats at greatly redu^j .
dec29-tf
C. W
153 Brough..
Take Advantage
Of the large reduction in the prices we have
made on Ladies', Gents’, Misses and Children's
Shoes, Trunks, Valises, Umbrellas, Buggy
Robes, Gents’ Cardigan Jackets and Negligee
Shirts. C. W. Buunntb & Son,
decW-tf 153 Broughton street.
Sweet Catawba Wine, $1 50 per gallon, at
Rady's. decio-tf
New Buckwheat at Reedy 's.
dccl9-tf
Goods arriving daily at
Broughton and Barnard.
Allen’s corner of
novl-tf
Buy your Holiday Goods at Reedy 's.
decl9-tf
Raisins, 10c. per pound, at Reedy’s.
declSKf
New Orleans and
Reedy’s.
Golden Drip Syrup at
aecl9-tf
12 pounds C Sugar for $1 at Reedy's.
decl9-tf
Robinson County Whisky, $3 per graF
Reedy's.
Sweet Cider at Reedy's.
New Dates, 10c. per po:
decl9-tf
Choice *
decl9-L
-rthem Ap ’itm *.t Eredj s.
New Citron. 25c. per poi
dec!9-tf
at Reedy's.
Cooking Brandy $2 per gall
dec!9-tf
iiiuT
at Reedy 's.
1 pound cartoons French Mixed Candy 30e.
at Reedy’s. dec!9-tf
CTATE OF GEORGIA,
O ^ '* '
Chateau County.—
To all whom it may concern: Whereas.
JOHN C. ROWLAND will apply at the Court
of Odinary for Letters Dtemissory as Adminis
trator on the estate of HENRY II. ROWLAND,
late of said county, deceased.
These are. therefore, to cite and admonish alt
whom it may concern to lie and appear before
said court, to make objection (if any they have)
on or before the FIRST Tl ESDA\ IN
MARCH NEXT, otherwise said letters will be
granted. „
Witness the Honorable John O. Ferbill,
Ordinary for Chatham county, this 24th day
of November, 1877.
JOHN D. ROSS,
nov26-Iam3m Clerk C. 0. C. C.