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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL.
AUGUSTA.
TUESDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 25.
Oar Reading Room.
Some weeks s'mce we notified our friends that
we were making arrangements to have this estab
lishment handsomely fitted up and well supplied
with Papers and Magazines, under the impres
sion that it would receive such patronage as it
merited. In this, however, we have thus far been
I disappointed, as there seems to be little disposi
* tion to sustain an establishment of the sort in
4' the city.
The indifference, however, is probably the re
sult of an impression among many 'who have
heretofore been subscribers, that they are still so,
which is erroneous, unless their Subscription be
renewed.
The object of this notice therefore is to inform
those who wish to become subscribers tc the
Room, tl at our Book will be kept open and the
Room lighted during the present week, at the ex
piration of which, we will determine whether it is
prudent to incur greater expense, or discontinue
it altogether.
The price of subscription to each is Five Dol"
lars per annum, invariably in advance.
For a Firm of two or more members Ten Dol
lars.
We learn that the Hon. Edward J. Black,
of the Georgia delegation in Congress, was in
this city yesterday.
'treasury Notes.
On Monday the 17th inst., the President sent to
both houses of Congress a message, enclosing a
letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, exposing
the deficiency of the Treasury department and ask
ing an emission of Treasury Notes to meet it. He
repeats in his letter the opinion that the revenue
will be reduced by new constructions of the tariff*
and the embarrassments of Bank suspensions, &c.,
Ac,, “but whether those events” says he “will re
® duce the revenue so much as to render new means
on those accounts indispensable, cannot yet be de
cided with certainty.” But he says it may be as
certained before Congress adjourns, and if necessa
ry provided for. Ihe Secretary g >es on to advert
to the immediate deficiency, and suggests the
means of meeting it.
What a commentary is this upon the annual
Message of the President and the report of his Se
cretary. Both of whom stated that unless Congress
made unnecessary and uncalled for appropriations,
the means for the support of government for 1840*
would be ample. What a humiliating picture is
a this to the American people! No appropriation
has as yet been made, save that for the pay of
members, and yet in less than two months from
the issuing of these documents, Congress is asked
to issue near five millions of Treasury Notes.—
The inference is most clear, that they either knew
their statements were untrue, or they betray an
ignorance of the finances of the government un
paralleled in the history of the country.
The following is a copy of the Message sent
to both Houses of Congress by the President on
Monday.
I submit to Congress a communication from
the Secretary of the Treasuiy, repeating sugges
tions contained in his annual report, in regard to
the necessity of an early provision by law for the
protection of the Treasury against the fluctuations
and contingencies to which its receipts aie expo
sed, with additional facts and reasons in favor of
the propriety of the legislation then desired.
The application assumes that although the
means of the Treasury for the whole year, may
be equal to the expenditures of the year, the
Department may, rendered un
able to meet the claims upon it at the times when
they fall due. This apprehension arises partly
from the circumstance that the largest proportion
of the charges upon the Treasury, including the
payment of pensions, and the redemption of
Treasury notes, fall due in the early part of this
year, viz: in the months of March and May
while the resources, on which it might otherwise
erely, to discharge them, cannot be made available
until the last half of the year, and partly from
the fact that a portion of the means of the Treas
ury consists of debts due from banks, for some of
which delay has already been asked, and which
may not be punctually paid.
Considering the injurious consequences to the
chajjficter, credit and business of the country,
which would result from a failure by the Govern
ment for even so short a period, to meet its en
gagements—that the happening of such a con
tingency can only be effectually guarded against
by the exercise of legislative authority—that the
period, when such disability must arise, if at all
and which, at the commencement of the session
was comparatively remote, has now approached
so dear as a few days, and that the provisions ask
ed for is only intended to enable the Eecutive to
fulfil existing obligations, and chiefly by anticipa
ting funds not yet due, without making any ad
ditions to the public burdens, I have deemed the
subject of sufficient urgency and importance
again to ask for it your early attention.
M. VAN BUREN.
Washington, 17th February, 1840.
We make the following extract from the lette r
of the Secretary:
“Early as the sth and 7th of March, a very large
amount of pensions and Treasury notes become
due, in addition to other and ordihary demands.—
The> will excede, in the aggregate, two and one
quarter million* of dollars, and for the payment of
which funds are jet to be advanced by the Treasu
ry tP the amount of about * 1 i-,,
On the 13th of March more Treasury **’* ou > uw
notes fall due, not yet redeemed,
computed at 2 00
Others fall due, and are redeemable in ’
the rest of March, April and May,
estimated at 1,150,000
$2,850,000
These constitute an aggregate of burdens but
little short of three millions, beside other payments
for ordinary objects
The estimates of all the receipts and all the ex
penditures for these and other objects during that
period, with the available balance of money, now
on hand in thre Treasury, are detailed in the state
ment annexed, marked A.
From those particulars it will be seen that, in
.order to be able to discharge all anticipated claims
punctually, and retain on hand the appropriate bal
ance of about two millions for common purposes, a
provision of means is expedient to the extent of
lour and three-fourths millions of dollars, subject
to be used in whole or in part, as may be found ne
cessary to meet the public exigencies, under all the
uncertainties to which our financial operations are
At this late day, a power to issue Treasure
notes, instead of those heretofore or hereafter re 7
deemed, or to make a temp >rary loan to that ex
tent, subject to be redeemed after sixty or nireix
day*’ notice, seems the best, and, in fact the
.effectual method of providing such means until i
the receipts, in the last half of the year, or ’subse
jquently, may enable the Department to extinguish 1
any debt incurred. * -1
4
Correspondence of the North American.
New York, Feb. 18, 3r. «.
The sales of Cotton are light to-day. In flour
there is very little doing. Corn has fallen in con
sequence of the breaking up of the ice. A cargo
of Southern sold at 58c, wt. to-day. The dry
goods dealers tell me they feel a little movemcn 1
in their line, but the expectation is not for large
business. Bills on England 8 aBJ, and plenty.
Domestic Exchanges are better sime, and some
worse, to-day. The closing transactions have
been at the following rates. Philadelphia
Baltimore 6 a 6s, Richmond 7 1-2, Charleston 3
1-2, Savannah 6 1-2, Augusta B£, Macon 10,
Mobile 7New Orleam 4 1-2.
Correspondence of the Rational Intelligencer.
New York, February 19, 1840.
We have been enveloped in a fog to-day, which
has obstructed ell navigation, detaining the pack
ats, making the passage and re-passage of the rL
vers difficult for the New Jersey boats, and pre
venting the steamboats from going out. The fog
continues yet.
The Collector of the port continues to be beat
en in his jury trials upon goods seized. W ithin
eight days there have been nine trials, and the
Collector has not won a case. The custom-house
seems to have a rapacity for seizing goods.
The subject of a general bankrupt law is pro
foundly engrossing the attention of the People ot
this State. Petitions will soon pour into Con
gress on this subject from all directions. So
many are there now interested in such a law, thaj
the elections will soon turn upon it, unless Con
gress act?. The law in this State incarcerating
strangers for debt will soon be repealed, and the
Legislature will do all it can constitutionally to
give its citizens the benefit of a general bankrupt
law.
Manhattan Bank stock is on the decline. No
sales have been effected for two days. There is
no question that this bank has been managed in a
corrupt way, and in all its corruption it has been
a powerful agent of the cause of Mr. Van Buren.
The last statement of Mr. Secretary Woodbu
ry upon the finances of the country, though not
unexpected, notwithstanding the different story
jn the annual report, attracts some attention a
mong our business men. He over-estimates now
what he is to have from the customs. The fact
is, the merchants are too poor to make importa
tions, and the country could not pay for them, if
they made them. Ships from Europe come here
without freight. But few orders are going out_
There is no disposition for business, but that great
and general business of getting out of debt.
Kir. Calhoun at the Levee.
The New York Observer noticing the events
at the Presidents House on the first day of Jan
uary, thus sketches the bearing of the South
Carolina Senator. We hope, for the character
of the Senator and the honor of S. Carolina,
it is not true.
What materials did it present for speculation
and reflection, as I noted the succession of polit
ical intriguers, political aspirants; those seeking
office, and those aiming to ingratiate themselves
with the source of power, seeking to keep offices
already obtained. You may, however, imagine
the smirks, the bows, the hollow smiles of such
an as- 'inblage, and moralize on it, without having
the scene minutely delineated. Amongst those
who attracted most notice, was the partisan lead
er of the Numidian squad—J. C. Calhoun. It
was so strange a sight to behold him at that place,
against the tenant ofwhich he had so often sworn
eternal hatred, and his recent coalition with the
loco foco party was so prominent on the mind of
every one present, that He was tbeobsrved of all
Observers. He seemed ill at ease—his eyes in
constant motion, and his whole carriage restless
and fidgety. Ht quailed under the public gaze,
in which he must have read mortification and
contempt; but when (as if to give a public rati
fication and zeal to his disgusting dereliction) he
went up and gave both of his hands to the ogre
Blair, it almost drew forth audible manifestations
of the abhorrence with which the scene filled the
surrounding spectators. Alas, how are the proud
abased and dishonored ! Who shall talk of the
pride and chivalry of the South after this I
Tennessee,
The following is the Whig Electoral ticket
nominated by the late Convention at Nashville,
The nominees are all said to be Speakers, and
will take the stump and cany light and knowl
edge to every portion of the State.
Electoral Ticket for Tennessee*
Hugh L. White, Q
Ephraim H. Foster, State at ,ar S e *
sth district—Josiah F. Morford, of Warren.
6th “ Thomas C. Bransford, of Jackson.
7th “ James C. Jones, of Wilson.
Bth “ D. W. Dickinson of Rutherfoord.
9lh “ Terry H. Cabal, of Maury.
10th “ E. J. Shields, of Giles.
11th “ Gustavus A. Henry, of Montgm’y.
12th “ George W. Gibbsi *)f Obion.
13th “ Robertson Topp, of Shelby.
From the Jacksonville Advocate of the 18fli.
From Florida.
Indians. —On Friday night, 7th inst. while a
detachment of volunteers, stationed at Black
Creek, were encamped on New River, about two
hundred yards from the residence of a Mr. Mc
kinney, they were attacked by a party of Indians
—number not known, killing a Mr. Elijah Si
mons, and wounding a Mr. Prevat. After fire
ing upon the camp, they rushed in and seized the
rifles belonging to the v®lunteers, who immediate
ly fled to the House, thus affording protection to
the inmates, who would probably have fallen
victims to the barbarity of the merciless savages.
On Sunday night, wlrile Capt. Chamberlain,
in command of a baggage train, was encamped at
Aligator, he reports hearing Indians all around
him.
Wisconsin. —Resolutions have been passed in
the Legislature of this Territory, providing the
holding a convention at Madison, on tee first Mon
day in November, for the purpose of furthering
“the adjustment of the Southern boundary and
admission into the Union of the State of Wiscon
sin on an equal footing with the original Slates
in all respects whatever.”
To be charged with postage upon a letter con
taining a remittance of an advertisement, is bad
enough; but to be taxed for a letter ordering the
paper discontinued, ls a leetle too bad.—JWA.
kcepsie Paper. *
A D.moit.k A New Orlean, paper
says:—“Littlebury Hawkins, the defaulter to the
United States Government in 100.000, has been
killed by tbe Cberokees in the expedition of the -
Feds, against Metanaoras. Ho was literally hew- i ,
•d to piece*.”
I 1
From Europe.
From the Savannah Georgian of Saturday wa
clip the following items of news by the Olive
Branch.
Liverpool, Jan. 1.
We take pleasure in sending herewith for your
information, an account of the stock of Cotton in
the port, as ascertained yesterday in the usual
manner. The difference in the previously com
puted stock is supposed to arise from the returns
not having been correctly made for the monthly
statements, during the year of the quantity for
warded into the country from the ships side. On
the whole the result elicits no important feature
to cause any immediate material change in prices,
if any thing, it is calculated to give confideoce in
present rates being maintained— dnee it is well
understood that the stock in the hands of the
trade is unusually light—being, it is thought,
from 80.000 to 100,000 bales less than at same
period last year, and but for late advices from your
side stating the crop at 1,800,000 bales the pros
pect tor holders would be more favorable.
There may, however, as the season advances,
appear good reason for curtailing this, in our opin
ion, exaggerated estimate and that a moderate
crop of 1,600,000 to 1,650,000 bales will be sub
stituted. If you find that view being fairly dem
onstrated, you may judge the probable effect on
our market and operate with more confidence for
shipments.
Money matters assume a much easier position,
the rate of discount here, being now reduced to 5
per cent, and after so protracted a stagnation il is
reasonable to anticipate there will be a general
improvement of trade in the spring.
January 3.
Cottox —Since the returns of stock, &c. on
the 31st ult. were made, the market has assumed
a more steady and healthy appearance, and for
American descriptions prices are about gd per lb.
higher; but for Brazils there is not any improve
ment, but rather a disposition to sell at our cur
rent rates; and for Egyptian 4d per lb has been
conceded. In Surat there is not any change.
Speculators have taken 2000 bales of American,
and exporters 800 American and 200 Surat. The
sales tp day are 4 to 5000 bags of all kinds, chief
ly American. The import this week is 3816
bags, and the sales are 13.900 bags, viz: 20 stain
ed S. Island
Orleans 5g
Pernambuco 8§ a 10; 290 Bahia and Maceio
a 94; 100 Maranham 9f a 9j; 80 Laguira 8f a 9;
190* Egyptian 10£ a 12£; 50 Peru 8$ a 9; 1376
Madras and Surat 4£ a 6.
Rumored Ministerial Changes. —lt is ru
mored that the Marquis of Normandy will goto
Paris as British Ambassador; that Earl Granville
will succeed Lord Auckland as Governor Gener
al of India ; and Lord Ebrington take Lord Nor
manby’splace at the Home Office; the Duke of
Devonshire to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
Her Majesty will return to town from Windsor
on Thursday next, to be ready to open Parlia
ment.
As a proof of the latene s of the harvest in the
high parts of this district, Mr. Charlton, of
Whitehall, near Healeyfield, only finished cutting
his wheat on Saturday the 21st: ult.—Newcas
tle Chronicle.
Death of Lord Broughams’s Mother.—
The mother of Lord Brougham died on the 31st
December, at Brougham Hall, Westmoreland, in
her 87th year. She was a lady of the most amia
ble disposition, and was univarsally respected and
esteemed, almost adored, by those who had the
honor of her acquaintance.
FRANCE.
M. Calmon, General Jacqueminot, M. Gan
rieron, and M. Martin du Nord have been elected
the four Vice Presidents of the Chamber of De
puties*
Paris, Dec. 31. — Five per cents, Hlf. 55c.
50c; Four per cents., 102 f. 20c.; Three percents;
80f. 40c. 40. Exchange on London, one month.,
paper, 25f.; money. 24f. 97^c.
Bourse, Dec. 31. —Last Prices.— Five per
cents, 11 If. 60c.; Three per cents, 86C. 45c.
SPAIN.
General Espartero was confined to his bed by
fever.
The Captain General of Galicia has announ
ced that insurgents were daily making tbeir sub
mission to the Queen’s authorities, and that the
Province would, ere long, be wholly pacified.
RUSSIA.
The Erapeior Nicholas was on 13th Dec. seri
ously indisposed.
STATE OF TRADE.
Manchester, Dec 31. Cotton Trade.—Al
though there was, as might be expected from the
season, but little demand, to-day, the market was
decidedly firm and elastic; and all descriptions,
both of goods and yarn, were firmly held for the
full prices of last week, or in some cases, for an
advance; and very little inclination was shown
to make contracts for future delivery, which were
rather freely offered by the buyers.
Manchester, Jan. 3.—Things are more heal
thy in this district than of late; many large buy
ers of yarns and goods having offered to purchase
large quantities, at present prices, for delivery a
month or six weeks hence, but which offers have
been invariably declined. This firmness in the
face of a declining cotton market, is encouraging,
for the future. Some kinds of grey cloths are
l£d. dearer, and all kinds of free sale at last quo
tations.
Liability of officers of Steam Boats.—
W.e notified last week, the decision of the court
in the case of the steam boat McFarland vs.
Danube , where a judgment was rendered against
the owners of the Danube, for §23,000, for run
ning into, and sinking the McFarland. Since
that time, at the suit of Capt* Strader, owner of
the McFarland, in the Superior Court, Judge
Este, presiding, a judgment has been obtained
against Hugh Dugan, the pilot of the Danube,
who was at the wheel at the time of the collision
for the sum of §2l,ooo—thus settling the ques
tion of the personal liability of pilots, who care
lessly, intentionally, or from fright or ignorance,
suffers his boat to come in collision with another.
For the future, w e trust we shall not have as
many of these “ accidents ” to record as in times
past. Mr. Dugan will be taught a lesson by this
judgment, that he will not forget for some years
at least, —and other pilots may also take warning,
and learn to be a little moie careful than some of
them are.
It h fair here to remark, however, that the great
majority of our pilots on the western waters, are
experienced and careful men. —Cincinnati Re
publican.
From the Globe.
Hlexico and Texas.
Late files of the Mexican journals, the “Diario
del Gobierno'’ and the “ Cosmopolite,” are be
fore us. They contain the debates in the Mexi
can Congress, of the 16th January, upon the pro
jected invasion of Texas. The principal ques
tion debated, was that of ways and means. A
proposition had been submitted requiring every
man in the Republic to pay a medio real (six
cents) every month, to constitute the means for
carrying on the Texian war. A member of the
Congress proposed to amend this proposition by
enacting that whoever would pay a larger sum
monthly, should be declared benemenius to have
deserved well of his country.
The editor of the “ Cosmopolita” makes the
following remarks upon this projected invasion •
" The question of Texas seriously engages the
attention of the cabinl. These ministers would
wish to divert the minds of the public from what
ever should constitute the care of all Governors.
But there are certain things which are felt too
deeply to be forgotten. The salaries of our em
ployer. are not paid. They are pressed by hun-
ger. We all feel the impunity with which our
roads are infested with robbers, against whom it
is the duty of the Government to protect society.
It would certainly be well to recover our honor
lost at San Jacinto ; but there is also something
else to be looked to. We must face all the ca
lamities whicb afflict us, so as not to lose on
the one hand, what we may gain on the other.
‘•lf we are to believe the ‘Diario del Gobierno’,
(Government journal,) tranquility reigns in all
the departments with the exception of Monterey.
It is yet certain that Chihuahua is invaded by the
Indians, and no aid has been sent to that depart
ment.
“Durango is also invaded by the Indians, and
that department is equally unprotected by the
central Government.
“New Mexico seems to have been blotted out
Irom the catalogue of our territories. That de
partment also suffers from incursions of the In
dians. The inhabitants have asked for protec
tion, but the Government journal prefers to tell
them what events are occuring on the Bospho
rus.
“Yucatan is now the theatre of a bloody civil
war.
“Our condition is an aggravated one, and c >m
plicated in its relations. Yet the Government
thinks the question of Texas paramount.
‘ The result of this project of re-conquest will
be, that when our soldiers shall have perished bj)
hunger, nakedness, and North American rifles
the Government will plead its inability to carry
on the war, for the want of means. Then w<
shall bid a last adieu to Texas, and await the de
claration of independence by other departments
when the opportunity shall be deemed by their
favorable.”
From the Philadelphia Sentinel.
Doleful accounts reach us, through the papers
from nearly all parts of the country. In Ohic
and Indiana the greatest distress prevails. Wheat
fifty cents the oushel, flour two and a half t(
three dollars a barrel; pork, two dollars and a hal
ahundred;jand then prices nominal. Failures o
those indebted, all classes, occurring daily.
" In the western part of New York every thing
is prostrate. Sales of produce cannot be madeai
any price, for the want of wherewith to purchase
Money is not to be obtained. The farmers whi
have full granaries cannot pay their debts, because
they cannot sell their grain.
Destruction ry Freshets. —The valued
coal boats lost on the Monongal.ela and at Pitts
burg during the late breaking up of the ice, is esti
mated at fifty thousand dollars. The loss falls
on a hard working class of men.
Census For 1840.—The census of the Uni
ted States, to be taken during the present year
will be upon a more comprehensive plan than usu
al. Hitherto it has been customary to enumerate
the inhabitants only, under the several classifica
tions of sexes, ages, colors &c. By the late act
of Congress for taking the census of 1840, the
President of the United States was directed tc
cause the statistics of the country, relating to Ag
riculture, Manufactures, Mines, Commerce, &c.
—to be collected, and also statistical information
in reference to Education.
The next census therefore will exhibit not only
the amount of our population, but also a complete
schedule of the aggregate property of the nation
ranged under different heads, and picsenting at
one view and accurate estimate of the vast re
sources of the United States, in all the various
departments ofinduslry and including the numer
ous items of national wealth. Interrogate! ies,
adapted to elicit information on all the topics em
braced in the new plan, have been preparetj to
serve as formulas of statistical. Littfe additional
labour or expense will be incurred by this enlarged
system of proceeding, since the same persons who
would in the usual manner be employed to take
the census of numbers, mav very easily put such
other questions as may be required by the present
regulation. One operation may serve to accom
plish both duties as well as one only.— Baltimore
American.
By a late arrival from a South American port,
we learn that Mr. Stephens, U.S. Charge d’Af
faires to Central America, accompanied with that
celebrated traveller, Mr. Catherwood had arrived
safe at Guatemala, and been received with every
mark of distinction and respect. Mr. Stephens ,
in consequence of the non-existence ofany Federal
Government to whom he could present his cred
entials, had resolved to visit the renowned ruins
of Chiapa, upon the borders of Mexico.
Copper Mines.— The St. Louis Republic m
of the 25th says : “W e learn that some new val
uable discoveries of copper have been made on
the Current river, in the southern part of this
State, about sixty miles from Belleview, and some
distance above the former discoveries made on
that river. We have not received a particular
description of the mines, but if the reports of their
extent and richness he true they greatly exceed
any before discovered.” •
From the Charleston Courier of yesterday.
Fire.—A little after 12 o’clock, on Saturday
night, a smoke was discovered issuing from the
lower part of a house on th« west side of East
Bay, a few doors South of Elliott street, owned
by Mr. Benjamin Smith, and occupied by Mr.
Joseph Hendricks, as a Clothing store. The
alarm was given, and the firemen were soon on
the spot, with their apparatus. As soon as hose
could be filled, one of the windows was broken in
and a stream of water opened on the flames, which
flared up, as soon as air was admitted. A line of
hose was also passed in through a passage way,
and water liberally dispersed throughout the back
part of the house, and the flames were soon got
u der. *
When the window was first broken in, we dis
tinctly saw the fire burning in the south west
corner of the front room, apparently close to the
floor, where it no doubt commenced. The cause,
whether accidental or incendiary, is yet unknown.
.The contents of the store were »o much burnt
as to lead us to believe they have been rendered
almost entirely worthless. The stock was insu
red for $6,000.
American Characteristics.
In a late number of the Knickerbocker, there
were some striking thoughts upon the characteris
tics ot our countrymen, a few of which we cony •
fins virgin world in which we dwell, demands
of the old world but two influences—Men and
Money. Our wildernesses are rank for want of
men, and on our own ge. graphy is written, on ri
ver, Jake ana hill, ‘ the promise to pay,’ in
abounding interest, all .ational investments of mo-
Ato he t S VV I SS V who M P L er ched on a declivity of
the A ‘ps, the Irishman, who earns but a miserable
livelihood in rejected bogs ; ihe Hollander, who
can rescue no more of soil from the cci ; the Sici
lian who has hardly enough >f maccaroni and wine
for tus being; the Swede, from his sands of pme ;
the Pole, hunted by the Russian cossack ; the Ger
man, Irom the historic battlements of the Rhine •
or the ru-h graperes of the plain, we invite • we
welcome here, each and all; whether they come
from the burning land of the Moor, or the frozen
regions of Siberia ; for this ever has been the asy"
lum.ihe refuge, of every people of the old. from
the time the puritan Englishman landed on Vim
rock of Plymouth, to the landing ol *he Swedes.
the Delaware ; the Dutch in our own New York ■
the Germans in Pennsylvania; the Spaniards in
Florida or Alabama ; and the French in uouiwanl
I. is the glorious prerogaiive of a republic, to mould
a.l nations mio one; to change the suhje-t to Ik!
citizen ; to tame the monarchist to the republican •
and to raise up the disoigamzer and tlm
to the dignity and grandeur of a sovereign hfmself
I True, in this fusion of conflicting element- "S? 1,
• a century atone of the constitution, but of the two
t hundred years o! the prevalence of republicanism
in America, proves it can all be done.
• ,*******
r Paris exerts over us a local influence, as if it
r were but just over the Hudson The milliners o.
- the Boulevards are omnipotent in Broadway. An
j American iidy is awed and abashed, if she diso
beys the fiat of a Parisian femme des modes. Ger
man musicians are dictating law in the language o.
’ the soul. German soldiers, the guardians ot our
1 republic, parade our str, ets in uniform Rossini is
• as well known here as on the Kue de Rivoli. We
b almost fancy we can at tun. a hear the prolonged
- notes of the Gri»i. Europe reigns in our saloons
Even the kitchen has yielded at last, and Paris is
i now complete master of that important cabinet
I Thus the Eu opoan that comes here, finds here a
e home. He has journals of his own tongue to read
and a society of his own to live in. Thirty or fortj
t thousand Germans are among us in They
have two newspapers, in their own language, of op
posite politics. Twenty-five thousand Frenchmen
are here. They have two journals of their own.—
* 'i he aniards and the English have their joui rials
also, and vve are flooded with English literature.
K Indeed, one of ihe penny papers, the Dispatch, re
published a whole number of Nicholas Nickioby,
il wiihm three weeks after its publication in London,
and in less than a week after its arrival here, which
is sold lor only three cenis !
|- *******
We have thus dwelt upon the European associa
tions ol New York, in order to show how little sacri-
II fice ol habit a European makes, in leaving his own
y land to come to this. This sacrifice having been
. made less and less every day by the packet ships,
’ is now made less than ever by the steam-ships ;
and thus stionger temptations are held out for the
e emigrants to come. A German who embarks from
Rotterdam, is not much farther frmn home, tfun he
s, is there Irom the Upper Rhine. Hamburgh is about
n as near us r-s Vienna is to Hamburgh. Rome is
father from Havre than Havre is from New York.
'I he Tyrolese, the Alsaiian, the Bernese, who leave
their mountains as mercenaries, to go and fight
Neapolitan or Austrian bailies, would be, practical
s» ly, but little farther from home, if they were upon
0 ihe Albghanies, or even in Wisconsin, or Jowa.—
1 Ocean steam navigation, monthly and semi-mui.lh
’ ly Developing these facts, will break up ihe th ckly
° settled societies of Europe in ti«# end Steamships
'• will anon take over emigrants cheaper, and oi
)f course quicker, than the packet ships now can.—
The freight of human beings, we for»ee, will be .a
g great trade of the world. Steam ships are the
bridges on which the Pole, the Austrian, the Prus
sian, the Hungarian, the Norwegian, the Swede,
e the Frenchman, the Spaniard, the Hal.ai., perhaps
° the Turk and Circassian, and Georgian, anon, will
e pass over to us. as th , Goths and Vandols passed
to their land of promise.
Well, let Item come ! W T e feel no great alarm
in this erabr.o Rome, for the august destinies the
Father ot men is forming for his children As we
»- receive them in our imperial city, we can pass
i- them on to the untrodden vales ol lowa, or to the
[ s wilderness ot the Rocky Mountains, or beyond,
upon the shores of that Pacific. Ocean, where the
Anglo-American is one day to dictate trade to
China. All these people come, even if they come
[. wild among ns, not only to till our virgin land, but
, to be moulded and re-lorm?d for republican etti
’ zens If we cun make nothing ol them, we can
’* make much of their children. If ti e emigrant son
e of Erin will not ‘change ins own mind,’ his child
i- ren make ihe kestof Americans. If the German or
:t the Arcadian will not become one of us, we will
e become one among them. Before the invincible
spirit of Ang'o American chivalry, we see every
tlrng fall, and thus we have but little to fear
'* Again, what importation is there so rich as that of
•> human beings ? Our English ancestors periled
n their lives on the coast of Africa, and violated ev
ery rule of right, to lake human beings to mike
y slaves of in America ; but here, beings of our own
color, wi.h whom we can amalgamate, and whom
we can exalt; lull grown men, paying their own
1 Ireight, and of their own free will, are hurrying to
f our shores, and why have a doubt in welcoming
- tliem to our interior ? Europe has trained iliem
s for us, at great expense. Their purses are at times
. full, to be expended upon us. But even if they
come without a purse, they come with brawny
’ arms and siring limbs; wilh bodies and souls,
which are always capital m America. We thus
J keep Europe nu sing men for us Europe becomes
I the cradle of America. We take from the mother's
I arms the lull grown boy, upon whose rearing she
5 has spent one fouilh ol a life. Ay, England, Ire
, land, Scotland, France, all Germany, are but a
nursery lor our country. They make men ; we
1 take them, and work them. W hal Great Brnain
f went to war with ns about, she has yielded m
- peace—the right of u subject to become a citizen,
f The power ot impressment is not confined, with us,
to what England has claimed over her sailors ; for
we exercise a moral impressment overall mankind.
We make it the interest of a world to become
. American Citizens.
; ******
I Every observing man, who notes and contrasts
j what he sees in the old world and in the new, is
r struck by the amazing activity ot the republican
man, in contrast with the monarchical man. The
1 life of the Austrian, the Russian, the Italian, unin
-1 vigorated by the inspiring influences of republican
■ liberty, differs as much from the progress of the
5 American, as the motion of the snad from the light
ning velocity of the locomotive. Even so, in pro
portion, do the activity, the enterprise, the multipli
ed powers of man here, differ from toe man of
i France, or the man of England ; not so much, we
grant, as in the cases cited, fur liberty is an inspira
tion in France and England, as well ns in Amen
-1 ca. This striking contrast written upon our soil,
1 has been observed by Mrs. Jameson and Lord Uur
! ham, between the subject ot the Canada*, and the
i citizen ot the United States, engraved upon the
borders of Vermont and New York, of Ohio and
. Michigan, in letters so visible that the world marks
, the contrast of the old institutions and the new
when acting side by side m the virgin world
* * * * A
True, we have no Gothic piles of antique gran
deur, tor we hide our time ; but we hesitate not to
undertake tasks that old Eingland herself would
stagger under now, with centuries of age upon her
i head, and the wide Asiatic world at her feet. We
have no ari tocracy, and never can have one till a
revolution changes our laws, and re-models our
society ; but we can have all the blessings attend
ant upon their concerted action, without any dan
ger at all. The castles, the cathedrals, the tower
i-.g fortification* they create, we do not want; for
our conceited energies are needed and used, in
clearing the wilderness, in threading rs rivers with
Ihe s'eamboat or else in linking the river and the
. Jakes, or the sea, other canal, or in eavimr time that
is precious, bv a locomotive upon a railroad. Un
ion, with us, effects all of good an hereditary aris
tocracy can effect over sea. A Democracy, by
such an union, turns its vast energies into a mon
archical agency at once, but without, hereditary
power ; a responsible agency, to be yielded whence
it c imp, the moment its ta*k is wrought.
when the peop'eof New York willed the Erie ca
nal, that corp .ration of the people railed that State
fufilled that will, and the w-jrk was done. Thus
this unity of republican action is not only capable
of great undertakings at home, but it uses the Ame
rican lever of credit to bring the money of foreign
ers to do our work. The tact is now* as clear as
day, of almost all ur public works, that foreign
ra mey not only builds them, but they are actually
built by foreign hands. The Irishman does the
work, and the Londoner finds the plenipotent dol
lar. American mind forms the conception, and di
rects the labor. It is very true, that at present util
ity is the main-spring of American action ; but or
nament , beauly, and the arts, follow i n its train •
and the agency that thus suddenly metamorphoses
the wilderness ot America in 1 o a cititivated coun
try, if not into a garden, can create a gallery of arts
or the most gorg.ous structure of the architect It
would b« easier to build a Westminister, than to
create a state. The work of me Pyramids w
nought, compared with the work of our father,
who subdual Ihe howling wildernw, lL. “S
savages* to their own will. 1,1
The extraordinary spectacle our republic now
presents, as it brings to bear the AmericanfeverTf
human action upon mankind, is as novel a« k?s
amazing, to the other nations of the world Thf
Roman republic, whose sovere.gnty wason the
-a pi to] urn, brought the Thracian the
n"‘o n bC,Wi' h ;,fT"’' D i-senipLg!
and hs luanJ f t mp, T’^ Ue<i ' JC ‘ 8 * i,s
slaves ! but 11 them there as
slaves, and poverty in their |rajn and wh
fh!.nt dl( S sh ° rre iCd m no, hing the distances magm
reJurn -TK enc “™ ber * J empire, or any
return, she world rutltosi, of tu own tree will, to
this onr Rome of the West, not to be subject to
bondage, but to the enlivening influence ol eman
cipation from what bondage it has. The fail hoi
man in man, which is the elementary principle oi
all our governments, federal, stale, and municipal
has developed in business a system of associated’
credit, that enables us to command European capi
tal, and to hurry on the natural progrew of our new
world. We thus exhiM to mankind the ama£h£
spectacle of a people but just settled In a wildernss*
taxing the men and money of all Europe for the ex
ecution of its public works; while resting u:»on
the exercises of the higher faculties of roan, his
contriving, thinking, and directing powers, Ameri.
cans, as masters, in fact, nr ke Europeans willing,
ly do their work. Thus the world labors for us ;
and this is,in par?, the solution o( the mystery of
our wonderful progress. Never did a nation, whh
o?it arms, thus exercise the power of intellect over
ihe human race !
******
Ve arc not English, though we speak English ;
for the smtelv grandeur of English society, its ti- ,
midiiy and caut ous formality, are hanlly known
here ; but we are more French, with much of th e
excitability, the sprighlltness, and the power of
adaption to ad circumstances that people have.—
The rush of the whole intellect of the country to
politics, that unfortunate mental diversion of Us
high power, is—hut for a moment, for we are now
in the crisis—making us a nation of political hypo
crites, without the manliness to express and defend
a principle, when it is unpopular; hut the intellect
which is now abandoning politics, and devoting it
self to tho elegant pursuits of agriculture and Tite*
attire, adorned by the illustrious example of an lr
ving and a Chinning, will soon put the nation on
the right road of moral independence; for fame, d
will be seen, is more easily obtained by the pen
the pencil, or the chisel, or even by the plonzhl
than in »he now overwhelmed path*- of the politi
cian Os character, in our stale of American and
European fusion, and in the conflicting elements of
norlh:in and western and sou h *rn society, we can
hardly be said to have any at all, that is fixed.—
Our republic is floating upon a chaos of these ele
ments, the only landmarks of which are onr State
Corporations New England character, however,
is the great predominating principle that seems to
be subduing others to its power, «iy the forre of im
migration and the better instruction of its immi
grants. The press of the country, that powerful
engine of American action, is in New England
hands Ti e professions, generally, arc theirs
The manufacturers, anti the nrttzans, and the com
meice are theirs, as a general remark, which all, as
agents of action, powerfully predominant over the
public mind We are, also, what foreigners will
scarcely believe, an eminently poetical people.
(Jur country is a moving romance of history, and
our countrymen are romance's in action, and
knightserrant, often, in principle The pen is not
yet our instrument of action upon posterity, we
know, hut the pick-axe is. What mind conceives,
it writes not upon paper, hutscrawls upon the earth.
Onr imagination wraps itself into powder, and acts
i u;miii ihe rock and on the cliff; now tunnelling the
hill ; and now blowing up the mountain, fseam is
our spirit of poetry. We are Cyclopean wnteis,
with the ear h for our tablet, and Vulcan and JMul
ciberare onr ideal gods. The Irishman is our Ca
nova The shovel is our chisel. The wheel-har
row is the American brourn. Steamboats aie our
naiads and nym.ihs. Cold is our glory We are
not men fat and full, as other nations are ; with the
round portly bulk of the Briton, the stnu ness of
the Cerman, or the ruddiness of the man of Jfaly ;
! hut lank and lean men, of but little hones, less
much of muscle, and all blood ; spin's in
frail elements of clay ; born for a short life but to
live years and years in that life. One of us is two
men, thus. Our real population doubles that of
our numbers, by the intense activity es our lives.
MARRIED,
As New Lebanon, New York, on the 9th instant,
by the Rev. John G. Hall, Gideon Putnam, Attor
ney at Law of Warrenton, Ga., to Stella Cor
nelia, daughter of the lion. Henry Shaw, Lanes
borough, Mass.
COMMERCIAL.
Latest dates from Liverpool, Jan . 3
Latest dates from Havre Dec. 29
AUGUSTA MARKET.
Cotton —The late news from England produced
quite an excitement in our market yesterday, and
a considerable quantity changed hands at an ad
vrnce of to cent on previous rates, for all des
criptions. Holders were quite firm and seemed little
disposed to realize, while buyers took hold fieely
The arrivals are not large. We now quote 6 to
8£ cents as the extremes of the market, the latter
for square bales only.
Ordinary to Middling - - 6 a7^
Fair-- . - 7J a7|
Good Fair-- - S a B^-
Prime & Choice, - - - 8i a
Freights —To Savannah $1 00 per bag.
Groceries. —The market is generally well sup
plied with all descriptions which are sold low fer
cash. The trade with the interior has been quit
dull for some days.
Sugar— Supply good of all descriptions.
Coffee. —The recent arrivals have been heavy,
aud prices range from II to 13 cents for all descrip
tions except Java and Mocho.
Salt. —The supply has been increased within a
few days, and sales are made at 40 cents from tb«
wharf. Retail price, cents.
Bacon —Arrivals from the country heavy.
Sales from wagons 8 cents hog round.
Flour. Country —Supply small, commands rea
dily to $7 per bbl.
Molasses. —Stoek good. We hear cf sales from
the wharf at 34 cents.
Domestic Liquors. —All kinds plenty and sales
dull.
Irish Potatoes. —Very scarce and command readi
ly $4 per bbl.
Exchange. —On New-York at sight, 7 a S per
cent, for current funds ; Charleston at 4 a 5 per
cent, Savannah 1 a 2 per ct.; Philadelphia 3 per
j ct.; Lexington, Ky. 1 per ct.; specie commands 5
a 6 per cent, premium.
Bank Notes. —
Savannah Banks, 1 per cent. prcm.«
Mechanics’, “ (Augusta.) 5 “ “ «
Agency Brunswick, “ s*« « «
Columbus Insurance B’k 1 “ “ “
Commercial Bank, Macon, 1 « « «
Planters’ and Mechanics’
Bank, Columbus,
Monroe Rail Road Bank, 5 “ “ “
Ocmulgee Bank, 4 ** “ *•
Milledgeville Bank, 2s“ “ “
Darien Bank, 16 “ **
Chattahoochie R. R.«fe B’k
Company, 10 u “ “
Hawkinsville Bank, 5 “ “ “
Bank of Rome, 25 “ “ “
All other Banks now doing business, at par.
Specie Paying Banks. — Mechanics Bank, Bank
of St. Mary’s, Insurance Bank of Columbus, Com
mercial Bank of Macon, and Brunswick Branch in
this city.
marine intelligence.
Savannah, February 22.
Cleared —Ship lowa, Pell, Havre; brig Sea Isl
and, Otis, Boston.
Arrived —Ship Olive Branch, Sedrick, Liverpool; .
Br ship Washington, McLay, do; Br bark Sarah,
Kenney do.
Charleston, Feb. 24.
Arrived on Saturday. —Br barque Amazon, Pit
cairn, Lenaly, (Wales)—sailed Dec. 17.
At Quarantine —Line ship Leland, Miller, Bos
ton, 12 days; ship Charleston, Winsor. Boston —
sailed Feb. 4.; brig Commaquid, from Boston; schr
Celerity, from Philadelphia.
Cleared —I r ship Carolina, Le Terrier, Havre;
Br barque Greenhorn, Ogilvy, Liverpool; brigs Ara
bian, Welch, do; Lancet, Kruse, Havana; Ajax,
Bowers, New Orleans.
Went to sea yesterday —Ship Harriet & Jessie,
M’Known, Liverpool; Line ship Anson, Sinclair,
New York; barque Iwanowna, Dyer, Marseilles;
brigs Harvest, Hibbert, New York; Po, Wnitoey,
Philadelphia; Roscoe G., Ronsey, do