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■■■■■■■■ .mm ■*!»■ 11l CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 1. it % FOR PRESIDKNT, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, Os Ohio; The invincible Hero of Tippecanoe —the incor ruptible Statesman —the inflexible Republican— the patriot Farmer of Ohio. FOR VICE-PRESIDENT, JOHN TYLER, Os Virginia ; A State Rights Republican of the school of ’9B— —of Virginia’s noblest sons, and emphatically one of America’s most sagacious, virtuous and patriotic statesmen. TOR ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT, GEORGE R. GILMER, of Oglethorpe. DUN :AN L. CLINCH, of Camden. JOHN WHITEHEAD, of Burke. CHARLES DOUGHERTY, of Clark. JOEL CRAWFORD, of Hancock. SEATON GRANTLAND, of Baldwin. CHRISTOPHER B. STRONG, of Bibb. JOHN W. CAMPBELL, of Muscogee. EZEKIEL WIMBERLY, of Twiggs. ANDREW MILLER, of Cass. WILLIAM EZZARD, of DeKalb. FOB CONGRESS, WILLIAM C. DAWSON, of Greene. £. A. NISBET, of Bibb. J. C. ALFORD, of Troup. R. W. HABERSHAM, of Habcrsfaajn. T. B. KING, of G ynn. LOTT WARREN, of Sumpter. R. L. GAMBLE, of Jefferson. T. F. FOSTER, of Muscogee. J. A. MERIWETHER, of Putnam. The Array JBill. This Bill, which Mr. Vsji Buren in his late mes sage tp Congress, could not “ recommend too strong ly to their consideration,” will be found in this morning’s paper, to which we invite the carefnl attention of every citizen of Georgia. We ask them to read it again and again, and when they have carefully peruse.d it to lay it aside for future refeieuce, as we -shall have frequent occasion to refer to it. To show our readers the estimation in which this very alarming and dangerous measure is held by Mr. .Van Buren. We give them the fol lowing extract f.om his message. “ 7he present condition of the defences of our seaports and navy yar.ls, as represented by Lie accompanying reprrt of the Secretary of War, calls for the early and serious attention of and as connecting it-elf intimately with this subject, I cannot recommend too strongly to your consiieration the plan submitted by that officer, for the organization of the militia of the U. 'Stales.” Here then we have Mr. Van Burens endorsement of this plan which proposes in the language of his Secretary, Mr. Poinsett, “ to divide the United States into eight military districts, and to organ ize the militia in each district, so as to have a body of twelve thousand five hundred men in ac ttve service, and another of equal number as a reserve.” Thereby placing at tne command of the President, and subject to his order, “ an armed mili tia force of TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN.” We oppose this measure of the President because it is violative of the Constitution,dangerous to the liberties of the country, onerous upon every citizen who may be subject to da Military duty, and be cause it places in the hands of one mao, the Presi dent, more power than we as an American citizen are willing to yield to any man, however pure he may be, or however little he may be disposed to exercise his authority to the prejudice of the rights of the States orths liberty of the Citizen. We regard It as unconstitutional, and to show how well founded is this objection, we copy the on ly clauses of the Constitution of the United States which grant any power to any officer or depart ment of the Federal I *, ovemment, over the militia of the States. They are in the following words : Clause 15, section b, and Ist article. —“Congress shall have power to provide for calling forth the jniitia to execute the laws of the Union , suppress in sun eel ions, and repel invasions.'” Clause 16.—“ To provide tor organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and fur governing such pait of them as may be employed in the seivice of the United States, iesei ving to the States respective ly the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the milif.ia, according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. The Ist clause, 2d section, 2d article.—“ The President shall be commandei-in-chief of the aimy and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, U'hrn called into the actual ser vice of the United States .” Under the Constitution which Mr, Van Buren has sworn to support, we ask his fiiends to poin out the power which i? any where granted in that instrument, to call forth the militia, except for the expressed purpose of executing the laws of the Union, suppressing insurrections, or repelling in vasions. What laws of the Union are in danger of being resisted ? —when and where is there likely to be an insurrection, or an invasion, that this enormous armed force must be placed in “ active service,” at the disposal ol this self-styled, democratic Pre sident, Martin Van Lureq ? Arp the laws resi.-t --ed ? No. Is there any insurrection, or any hos tile force invading the country to destroy the peace and quiet of our citizens ? No. All is quiet from pjje extreme of tlje Union to the other, save within the confines of ill-fated Florida. Then it is clear that none of those i xtraprdinary exigencies exist, •which the Coos itution contemplates should exist, to invest the President of the United States with these high and de icate powers. But it may -.e contended by the President and his friends that they only contemplate to descipline and tram the raiJiLa. Where, we ask, does the consti tution grant sq, b power t> the President over the militia of the States ? The power of training, and the militia of the Slates, belongs ex- clusively to the States, of which they are citizeis, 1 except when they are in such actual service of the United States, as is contemplated by the Constitu tion, viz. the execution of the laws, the suppres sion of insurrection and the repelling invasion ; then and only then does the Constitution give to the President the power to train and discipline them. If such powers are no where granted as are sought in this plan of Mr. Van Buren, and tis Se cretary, it is cleirly unconstitutional and therefore dangerous to the safety of the republic, and liberty of the citizens. We might and may add much more on this point but it appears so obvious to our mind as to require no farther elucidation. The other objections which we entertain to this most stupendous engine of exejutive power and most daring and dangerous infraction of the consti tution of our country, we shall present in future . uumbers, and in the mean time we beseech every man who prizes his lioerty or the constitution of his country to weigh well the consequences of such a measure. *■ 03* We commend the following article from the Baltimore Patriot, to the especial attention of the Editor of the Constitutionalist. What say 3*oll, citizen Guieu, will 3-ou retract, “play mum,” or answer “hard cider” ? Let us hear from you: Charles A. Wickliffe —This gentleman is now act*ng Governor of Kentuck}*. A few days since a Loco Foco paper in New York, called the New Era, published a paragraph saying that he had declared for Mr. Van Buren. The paragraph was dul>* copied into the Richmond Enquirer. We said in noticing the Enquirer’s slander on Mr. Speaker Hunter, that he would have to retract the charge, as soon as it had time to reach Kentucky and return back on him. How far we were cor rect, and what will be the astonishment and indig nation of Governor Wickliffe when he hears it, may be inferred from the fact that on Friday the 19th instant, (the very day the slander appeared in the Enquirer,) a great Whig meeting was held in Henry County, and the very first speaker who addressed the meeting was Charles A. Wicklili’e ! Whilst he was thus defending with his transcend ant the cause of his country, and rousing up his fellow citizens to a sense of the dangers which beset them from Loco Focoism, at that very moment it was accusing him of having united with those whose principles he was denouncing ! Is it not t>o bad that a man’s reputation can thus be, even for a da3 r , lied away ? From the Baltimore Patriot . Mr. Hunter, the Speaker. —The editor of the Richmond Enquirer, in the desperation to which he finds his party driven, is claiming eve ry prominent WBig as a Loco Foco, from his pe culiar position or indisposition to take an ac tive part til politics, will not come out in the papers and denounce the Administration and its imbecile head. Last week it laid violent hands on Mr. R M. T. Hunter, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and other distinguish ed men, citizens of Kentucky. 'The latter have not yet had an opportunity of replying to the slander; but the lormer has, and hence, in the Enquirer of Tuesday, we following.* “We stated in the last Enquirer, on what we conceived to be unquestionable authority, that Mr. R. M. T Hunter, Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives. had declared his intention to vole for Mr. Van Buren. We are now authorized to slate that this is a mistake; that his private vote is uncommitted—unpledged to any one. But Mr. Hunter is no Harrison man; and we have not the most distant idea that he will \ote for him.” The last portion of this paragraph is altogeth er gratuitous. In his present peculiar position, Mr. Hunter deems it improper to becoa.e a parti san in the political contest for the Presidency ; but the attempt to draw the inference, from his determination to occupy a neutral and indepen dent position, that he is opposed to Gen. Hani- t son, is the effort alone of the editor ot the En quirer, and not of his party at Washington. They know that Mr. Hunter is no Van Buren man, and they “have not the most distant idea that he will vote for him.” In this they are agreed with Whigs, who also know, that without falsifying all the piofessions of aie political life Mr, Hun ter cannot vote for Mr. Van Buren ; and further, they approve and applaud the determination of Mr. Hunter to remain neutral in the contest, and not to use the influence of his station to parly ends U. S. Bank.—The following important Circu lar has been issued by the Bank, under date of 22d instant: I am instructed to inform you, that byja reso lution of the Board of D.rectors of this Bank, adopted at a stated meeting, held on the IGthinst., it was ordered that hereafter no loans, new* running to maturity, shall be renewed, (unless originally made with an agreement or understan- I ding to 1 hat effect;) and that upon all loans, whether on accommodation paper, upon stock or upon other security, a payment of at least 10 per cent, will be required when due, and the bal ance to be settled by notes (not redeemable,) at from one to seven months. And that ail offers 01 applications for such renewals must be presented to the Board on discount days. By order of the Board. A- LAKDNER, Acting Cashier. In the U.B. Gazette of the 24th, we find the following notice of the new organization, which has just been made, of the officers of the Bank: The Board of Directors of tke United States Bank yesterday at their regular meeting procee ded to appoint officers to that institution, from the Cashier down to the lowest of the employes . Alexander Laidner, Esq., the former First As sistant Cashier. Mr. L. has, since Mr. Cowperth waite’s resignation, acted as Cashier of the Bank. Mr. H. Cope, who was the Third assistant Cashier, is appointed superintendent of the sus pended debt. The duties of the station are fa miliar to him, as he has faithfully discharged them for several years. Mr. Andrews, the gentlemanly and able Se cond Assistant Cashier retires from the Bank with the best wishes of his late fellow* laborers, and of those customers of the institution whose business brought them in contact with him, and made them acquainted with his obliging manners. All the appointments were made from the former officers—not one new man was introduced into the Bank. Os the whoie number of persons whose places were vacated, tiventy did not receive re-appoit ment. Six or seven of these did not wish to be considered as .candidates for and we think it due to all those who were omitted to say of them, what we believe is strictly the truth that the Directors had entire confidence in their integrity, abilities, and general business capacit ies: and should the Bank need additional officers, these would receive the offer of appointment, In selecting from thp whole number, there can lie no doubt that the Directors were much influenced by the domestic circumstances of the candidates, as to the dependence of others upon the situa tion. 'The new organization will go into effect on and after the first day ol next month. Respecting the reported dividend, thp Inquirer of the 241 h says— It appears to lea matter of doubt in this city whether the U. S, Bank will or will not declaie a dividend in July. Some days since, the divi denl was su'd at tLe rate of $1 per share, and we had rumors from New York that it had sold in that ciiy as high as $2 per share. We yester day saw a letter, however, staling that no such sates had taken place. Opinions vary out of d ors, as to the best policy to be pursued under tl)e circumstances. Something in the way of a dividend, if only $2 per share, would no doubt be highly acceptable to the Stockholders. But the Directors know best the actual condition of the Institution, and will no doubt pursue the proper course. Unparalleled Assemblage. —The whigs of the Parish of Orleans met in the majesty of their might last evening at the St. Charles Theatre, to listen to the eloquent and lervid outpourings of Mississippi’s noblest son, (S. S. Prentiss.) Never have we beheld so immense a throng. Thousands on thousands were present. Every nook and cor ner was occupied. Hundreds went away unable to obtain an inch of ground,— N. 0. Bee of the 2oth. Organization of the Militia. Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a system of reorganization of the Militia of the United States. House of Reprf.esntatives, } March 20, 1840. 5 REFERRED to the committee on militia. War Department, March 20, 2840. Sir: —In compliance with the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 19th hist., “ that the Secretary of VVar be requested to communicate his plan, in detail, for the reorganization of the Militia of the United States,” 1 have the honor to submit the following report: The impossibility of guarding our exposed fron tiers by tne small regular force of the United States, xenders it necessary that some plan sh uld be devised to make the militia available without burdening the county, either by too great an ex pense in maintaining it in the field, or by abstract ing too large a number of useful citizens from the productive labors of agriculture or of the mechanic arts. The mass of the militia of the United States, as at present organized, does not fall short of one million five hundred thousand men ; and every day that they are mustered for inspection or exer cise, abstracts at least one million of dollars from the earnings of labor, without adding any things whatever to the military efficiency of the country, and 100 often affecting injuriously the oioral con dition of those who are assembled for the purpose. Left by the little instruction they receive on such occasions, without discipline, subordination, or knowledge of the use of arms, and totally ignorant of the manner of taking care of themselves oi of each other in the field, such a militia, if called out in mass, would rather prove a bu;dea than an as sistance to the army employed in the defence of the country, as is shown by the experience of Gen eral Washington, repeatedly expressed in his cor respond* nee, as well as by the resalts of more re cent events during the last war. It is true that, in the princip-1 cities in the United States, there are to be found well organized, disciplined, and soldier-like companies, battalions, regiments, brig ades, and divisions of volunteers ; men who, in dividually and collectively, would do service in the field. But any one acquainted practically with war, knows that to fight bravely, rn 1 even to manoeuvre coolly and skilfully on the field of bat'le, are not the most necessary qualifications of the soldier. Soldiers mu>t be taug.t their duties in the gar rison and in the field, in marching and encamp ing, in the police and military administration of an army. This instruction, so essential, and without which it is -impossible to form the soldier, cannot be giv en in a day’s training, by officers nearly as ignor ant of these branches of the service as the *o diers themre’ves. I speak of the generality of the mi litia officers. It must be imparted by veteran and skilful officers, in garrison and in camp, and to men and officeis alike ; and it must be imparted to a few at a time. Any attempt to o ganire, discip line, and render every way fit for service in the field, the unwieldly mass of the militia of this vast country, wldch will soon a-cen 1 tc two millions of men, must fail for want of means, and leave the country exposed to the terrible disasters which will attend the first bur<t of war upon its fron tiers, if they are to be defended by aimed but un disciplined multitudes. It has been supposed that it will be sufficient to instruct the officers only, and that the privates can, under well-lnstinoted officers only, be foimrd into soldiers inst ntly. by the magic voices of go >d commandeis. — I his is a double and a most danger ous error. In the Ist place, it requites to form a soldier, under the most practised, experienced, and ski ful officers; and our soil might be polluted by the foot of the invader,our citie> taken and sacked, and our forts occupied, before our armed citizens could be taught the elements of tactics, or the sim ple use of the firelock. And, 2ndly, it will prove a fat 1 1 error to suppose that an officer can befoirned by being drilled as a private. The habit of com mand, the prompt eye, the firm tone, the seif-pos session in moments of difficulty and danger, wlih h inspire the men with confidence; and courage, and ar* so essential to secure their ready obedience, are the result of practice. The officeis and pri vates who aie to act together in the field must be drilled together, and practised, the one to the du ties of obedience, and the other to those of com mand. Satisfied that an efficient force cannot br creat ed by drilling the officers alone, as well as of the impracticability of rendering the whole mass of the militia available, at the same time, for the de fence of the country ; and convinced, Lorn the ex perience ff our past wars, that it is necessary to organize and discipline a select body of citizen so.dieis, who in a moment of danger, will know their stations, and their duties when assembled there, and who, although separated f.om the mass for a short time, will return and impart to it the military knowledge and experience they have ac quired during their period of service, I have pre pared the plan, the details of which are herewith submitted, agreeably to the resolution of the House. It is believed that, on examining them it will be apparent that the scheme is not Hable to any one of the objections that ape urged against large standing aimies ; but, on the contrary, that it will form a select body of well disciplined militia, ready themselves to defend their country in the hour of danger, against any sudden attack, and furnishing a corps, around which the less instruct ed mass may rally; possessing, in some degree, the military knowledge and skill of regular sol diers, they will be able alike to protect their coun try from a foreign foe, and to guard its liberties from any danger that may threaten them. Jt appears to me tiat tne organization now pro posed will prevent the necessity of maintaining large standing armies, even in the time of war. The militia, properly diilled and instructed, will be thereby rendered perfectly efficient, and capa ble of defending the forts along our maritime fron tier, which, in the absence of such an organization would reouire a regular army of fifty thousand men. At piesent, the militia cannot be rendered immediately available again>t a surprise ; whereas, under the proposed organization, they would re pair to their stations at the first alarm, and would be efficient soldiers when there. In case of war, these stations would become permanent, and ar rangements might easily be made so as to render the service as li'.t'e burdensome as possible to the artisan and mechanic. Every precaution has been taken to avoid all interference with the rights of the States, or to lessen their means of defence. The militia will be called out in the manner at present provided for by law, anil no change is contemplated in the mode of officering the several corps of which the active class will be composed. It will not abstrai t a single man from the de fence of the State where he resides, nor separate him from the class of citizens to which he belongs. It will, on the contiary, strengthen the defences of each State, by fu nishing it with a w«Il-organ ized and we 1-disciplined force, taken f.om the people,'and making paitof the people equally in terested with their fellow-ci izens in the preser vation of free institutions, and ready at ah limes to guard the territory and the liberty of theircoun try. Neither does it interfere, in any manner, with the constitutional rights of the States to tra.n their own militia according to the discipline pre scribed by < ongiess, because the active militia will be employed by the President during the peiiod they aie preparing for warlike service in garrison and in the field. And whi e the States have all the advantages which may result from a well organ ized and disciplined militia ; they will at the s me time, be exempt from the 10-ses, expenses and evils which fjllow, necessarily, trom the assem blage of large multitudes for merely a nominal military in* ti uction. It is to be considered, also, that a ; ort'On of the militia are pipv.ded wi.h op portunities for the attainn.en of tne essent.als of military knowledge ; an I at the same lime that they relieve the remainder f.om an onerous and useless buiden, they themselves will not be op pressed by an undue amount of military service , being required of them ; but, on the contrary,'by comparing the time which, under the present sys tem, is devoted to that object, it will be found that theie is but very little additional service, if any, required, and for t iat time they will be sufficient ly compensated. The compensat on contemplated is adequate under a good administration of the laws proposed, which, are to be made uniform in their application by regulations, to be issued by the President so as to prevent any expense to the citizen who is thus called out ; though it may not rise, in amount, to the sum which his pursuits in social life might afford, dhe total amount re quired to recompense the militia to be called out fur exercise will be trifling, when comp iled with the loss of time experienced, by out fellow-citizens under the presen; impeifi ct organization, and of the serious evils to which the youth of the country are exposed by the frequent attempts now mude to impart to them a very imperfect knowledge of the duties of the soldier. The subjoined plan will it is believed, tend to diminish, if not entirely re move such evil*, will also, by engendering an es prit du corps throughout the militia of the several districts, elevate in the mind of every citizen the character of duties which he is required to periorm and thus make mere certain the results which arc hoped for by the system of military precaution and defence. In preparing the details of the proposed reorganization of the militia of the United states, J have been governed by an earnest desire to place the country in an attitude of deience, and at the same time, to secure it from the nece'sity ot main taining at any period a large standing army; to render the militia effective, without drawing too large a number of our fellow citizens from their occupations at one time ; and to diffuse throughout the community, generally, some knowledge of military seivice, without taxing the Treasury too heavily. All this, it appears to me, will be effected by drilling, during four years, one hundred thousand men for a pe.iod not exceeding thirty nor less than ten days in each and every year, at such times as may IcaM interfere with their ordinary occupations; and, for an equal term, beeping that force so orga nized that it may serve as a reserve ready to act in cases of emergency: doing, in the meanwhile, or dinary militia duty, such as is now required by law in the several States. The expenses of the sys tem, which, if carried out, would place the United States in an impregnable state of defence, will not exceed $1,362,193 yearly, if the maximum num ber of days for drill be adopted by Congress ; and, as it is believed that ten days in each and every } ear will prove sufficient, the annual expenses will be less than $500,000. details of the proposed system. It should be provided— -Ist. That each and every free able-bo lied white male citizen of the respective States resident therein, who is or shall be of the age of twenty and under that of forty five years, (with the excep tions hereinafter stated,) shall severally and res pectively, be enrolled in the militia by the cap tain or commanding officer of the company v ithin whose bounds such citizens shall reside ; and that it shall be the duty, at all limes, if every such captain or commanding officer of a company, to enroll every such citizen as aforesaid, and also those who shall from time tr» time arrive at the age of twenty years, or who, being of that age and under that of forty five years, (with the excep tions hereinafter named,) shall come to reside within his bounds, and that he shall without delay, notify such citizen of the said enrollment, by a pioper non-commissioned officer of the company, by whom such not ce may be pioved : that every citizen, so enrolled and notified, shad within three months thereafter, provide himself with a good mu>ket, bore of capacity to receive a lead ball of eighteen in the pound ; a sufficient bayonet and belt; two spare flints ; a knapsack ; cartridge box, to contain at least twenty-four cartridges suited to the bore of his musket, and each cartridge to ton tain a ball and three buckshot, and a sufficient quantity of powder; or with a good rifle, knap sack, shot pouch, and powder horn or fl.isk,with sufficient powder and ball for twenty-four charges and tw T o spare fl : nts, and that he shall appear so armed, accoutred.and provided when called out for exercise or into ser > b e ; and every citizen so en ro'led and provid ng himself with the arms, ; m i nit’on, and accoutrements, required as aforesaid, shall hold the same exempted from all suits, dis tresses, executions, or sales for debt, or fur pay ment of taxes. 2d. That the Vice President of the U. States ; the officers, judicial and executive, of the Govern ment of the United Slates; t ie members of noth Houses of Congress and their respective officer* ; all custom-house officers with their clerks; all post officers and Stage drivers, who are employed in the care and conveyance of the mail of the post office of the United States ; all ferrym n employed at any ferry on the post nnd; or inspectors of exports ; all pi ots ; all mariners actual ly employed in the sea seivice of any citizen or n erchant with in the United Slates; and all persons who now are, or may hereafter be, exempted by laws of the re-pective States, shall be exempted from militia duty, notwithstanding iheir being above the age of twenty and under that of forty five. 3d. That the citizens thus enrolled shall consti tute the first class, and be denominated the mass of the militia ; and ihe said mass shall be divided into divisions, brgades, regiments and companies, and l e organized as follows, to wit: a company, (infantry or rifle) shall co-mist us one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, four coiporals, one drummer, ore fifer or bugler, and eighty privates. A company of dragoons shall consist of one cap tain, one first and one second lieutenant, four ser geants, four corporals, one farrier, two buglers, and sixty privates. A company of artillery shall consist of one captain, two first and two second lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals three artificers, one drummer and fifer, or two buglers or trumpeters, and eighty privates. A regiment shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, with the rank of first lieuten ant, one quarter-master, with the rank of captain, one paymaster, one surgeon,one assistant suigeun, one sergeant major, one quaiter master sergeant, two principal musicians, and ten companies. A brigade shall consist of one brigadier general, with one aid-de-tamp, having the rank of captain, two brigade inspectors, with the rank of major, and two regiments. A division shall consist of one major general, with two aids-de-camp, with the rank of major, one division inspector, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, one division quarter master, with the rank of major, one judge advo cate, and four brigades. 4th. That from each regiment of the mass there snail be formed two companies to seive as light infantry or riflemen ; and that to each division of the mass there shall be attached one company of artillery and one company of horse, formed of volunteers, at the discretion of the commander-in chiel of the State, not exceeding one company from a brigade, and shall be clothed and equipped at their own expense, the color and fashion to be determined by the brigadier genera! commanding the brigade t • which they belong. That the com missioned officers of the artillery and infantry shall be aiSisd with a sword of such description as is commonly denominated cut and thrust.— That the commissioned officers of cavalry shall furnish themselves with goo 1 horses of at least fourteen and a half hands high, and be ed with a sabre and a pair of pistols and holsters for the same. Each dragoon to furnish himself with a serviceable horse at least fourteen hands and a half high, a good saddle, bridle, valise, breast plate and crupper, a pair us boots and spurs, a pair of pistols, a sabre and «ai touch box, to contain twelve cartridges for pistols. sth. That each regiment shall be provided with the State and regimental io!ors, and each company with a drum and fi f e, pr bugles, as the Legislature of the respective States shall direct. €th That the divisions, brigades, and regiments, into wnhh the mass is divided, shall be numbered at he period of their formation, and a record there of made in the adjutant general’s office of the Mat ; and when in the field or in service, in the Stite, that they shall respectively take lank ac cording to their numbers, reckoning the lowest number highest in r nk ; aid, also, that the rela tive rank of different shall be as lo.low?: Ist cavalry, 2d atillery, 3d infantry, 4th r flemen ; and that the said order shall be obrerved on all pa rades of ceremony and review, or on other duty, except when, in the opinion of the commanding « fficcr, the good of the service may rei der anoth er arrangement net essary : and further, that all comm ssior ed officers -ball take rank according to the date of their comrarssions ; and when two of the same grade bear an equal cate, then their rank snail be determined by lot, t» be drawn by them before the comman ling officer of the brigade, re gimi nt,. ompany, or a. tachment. 7th. T hat there shall be an adjutant general ap pointed in each State, with the rank us colone , whose duty it shall be to distiibule all orders fiom the commander-in chief of the State, to the several con S ; to attend all public reviews, wl.Gn-thecom mander in-chief of the State shall review the mili tia, or any part thereof; to obey all o.d»rs f om him relative to the carrying imo execution and perfecting the system of discipline which may be established ; to’furnish blank forms of different returns that may be required, and to explain the principles on which they should be made ; to re i reive from the several officers of the different C corps throughout She State, returns of the mi itia , under their commands, reporting the actual situa • tion of theii arms, accoutrements, and ammuni ; tion ; their delinquencies and every other thing i which relates to the general advanc mcnt of good ; order and discipline: all of which the several : commanding officers of the divisions, brigades, re »imei t.s, and companies s‘ou'd be required to make, in the upward Older of gradation, and in ’ such form and at such times as the Legislatures of . the respective States may direct, so that the said adjutant general may be duly furnished therewith; and the s id adjutant general, from the returns thus furnished, should annual y make an abstract or conso'idatcd report of the same to the comman der-in-chief of the State ; and he should also make a return of the militia of the State to which he be longs, with the arm?, accoutrements, and ammuni tion, to the adjutant general of the militia of the , United States, on or before the first Monday of January, in each year. And it should be made the duty of the Secretary of War, from time to time, to give such directions to the adjutant general of the militia as might, in his opinion, be necessary to produce uniformity in the said returns; and he should lay an abstract of the same before Con gress, before the last Monday of February, annu ally. Sth. That it shall be the duty of the brigade in spectors to attend the regimental and brigade meetings of the militia, compusing the several brigades during the time of their being under arms ; to inspect their arms, ammunition, and ac coutrements ; to superintend their exercise and manoeuvres, a;.d introduce the prescribed system of military discipline throughout the brigade, and such orders as they shall, from time to lime, re ceive from the commander-in-chief of the State ; to report to the adjutant general of the Mate, at least once in every year, the condition of the brig ade to which he belongs ; the situation of the arms, accoutrements, and ammunition, as they actually may be at the time of inspection; and every other thing which may, in his judgment, relate to the government, good order, and military discipline of the brigade. 9th. '1 h .t, in a’dition to the officers referred to, there shall be one quaiter-mast r general, with . the rank of a brigadier general, to the militia of each State. 10th. That, within months after the adop tion .nd establishment of this system, there shall be taken from the mass of the militia, in each State, Territory, a'd District of the United States, by draught or by voluntary service , such number between the age of twenty-one and thir ty-seven years, so that t.ie whole may not ex ceed 100.000 men ; and in the following propor tions fur each State, Territory, and District, re spectively, to wit: Maine 4,400 men. New Hamp shire *2,400, Veimont *<,400, Mas achusetts 6,( OJ, Connecticut 2,810, Rhode Island 800, New York 18,000, New Jersey 2,MiO, Pennsylvania 10,400, Delaware 800, Maryland 3,200, Virginia 6,000, District of Columbia 400, North Carolina 4.400, South Carolina 2,400, Georgia 2,800 F loiida 400, Alabama 2,000, Mississippi 800, Louisiana I,foo, Tenne«see 4,400, Arkansas 400, Missouri 1.200, lowa 400, Kentucky 4.40;*, Illinois 1,2( 0. Indiana 2,800, Ohio B,ouo, Michigan 800, and Wisconsin 400 men. This force to constitute the second class, and be denominated the active or moveable force. 11th. That the active or moveable force shall be divided into companies and battalions, and be organized as follows: A company shall consist of one captain, and one first and one second lieuten ant, four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer and one fifer, and ninety piiva’es. A battalion shall consist of one major, rnd adjutant, with the rank of first lieutenant, one quarter-master, with the rank of first lieutenant,one sergeant-major one quartermaster sergeant, and four companies. An | that the said active or moveable force shall be held to serve as such, and be governed by such rules as may ne prescribed, for the period of four years—one fouith of the same in each State, Ter ritory, and Distiict, going out annually ; the order of succession to be determined in the first instance by lot. 12th That there sha’l be a third cla«s of the milita of the United States, 1o be denominated ttie reserve or sedentary force, which shall be organized in the same manner as the active force. And that the reserve force, so organized, shall be compo-ed of all those who shall have served the legal time indicated for the second class, and be held to serve for four years in the same ; at the expiration of which time they sha 1 return to the mass, and be subject to no further military or militia duty, unless in cases of invasion, or a levyen masse. And such poitions of the active forces as may go out of the same annually,shall forthwith be consideiedas be longing to the reserved or sedentary force ; and alter the termination of the first four years’service of any portion of the reserve, one-fourth of that body shall go out of service annually, in the same manner as that prescribed for the second class. 13th. That the deficit occasioned by the transfer annually of one-south of the active to the reserve force, and by the discharge annually of one-fouith of the reserve, be yearly supplied by a draught, or btj voluntary service from the mass r‘ 14th. That for the greater convenience of vaff struction and discipline of the active and sedentary force, the territory of the United be divided into ten districts, which, until''otherwise directed by law, shall be composed ■''as follows: Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, compose the first district, and furnish for the active force 9,200 men; Massachusetts,Rhode Inland, and Connecticut, compose the second, aryi furnish 9 600 ; New Yo;k the third, and furnjfsljes 18.000; New Jersey and Pennsylvania the fourth, and furnish 13.200; Dela ware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia, the fifth, and furnish 10,400 ; North Caiolina, South Carolina, Georgia and i-lo’ida, the sixth, and fur nish 10,000; Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee, the seventh, and furnish 8,800; Ar kansas. Missouri and lowa, the eighth, and fur nish 2,000; Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana, the ninth, and furnish 7,400; Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin, tfie tenth,and furnish 9,200 nun ; mak ing a total of 97.800 men. loth. That the battalions of the active and se dentary force shall be numbered at their formation, and a record made of the same ; and that they shall take precedence according to the rank of the several majors commanding the same. And further, that when the battalion of two or more districts of the active or sedentary forces do duty together, they shall take rank according to the number of their respective districts, considering the lowest number highest in rank. And further, that tiie order of precedence between the army of the United States and the militia thereof,and between the «everal classes of the militia with one another, shall be as follows : 1. Troops of the United States. 2. Militia of the United States, in this order, to wit; 1. The active force ; 2. The sedentary force ; 3. T)he mass, 16th. That the officers of the militia of the sev eral classes shall be appointed by and in such man ner as the Legislature of the respective States shall direct, and in the Territories of the United States, in such manner as is prescribed by existing laws. 17th. That the President of the Uni'cd States be authorized to call forth and assemble such numbers of the active force of the militia, at such places within their respective districts, and at such times, not exceeding twice, nor days in the same year, as he may deem necessary ; and during such , period, including the time when going to and re -1 turning from the place of rendezvous, they shall • be deemed in the service of the United States, ‘ and be subject to such regulations as the President s may think proper to adopt for their instruction. • discipline and improvement in military know t ledge. 18th. That whenever the United States shall : be invaded, or be in imminent danger oi invasion ; from any foreign nation oi Indian tribe, it shall ■ be lawful for IheTTesident of the United Sta es . tc call lortii such number of the militia of the ; Stale or Slates more convenient to the place of - danger or scene of action,and in the order piovided I for in the 15th head, and as he may judge neces ) saiy to repel such invasion ;and toiss eliis ciders f to the proper officer. And ip case of an insurrec tion in any State against the GovMiment thereof, t that it shall be lawful for of the • United S ates, on application of iHuegi-lature of such State, or of the Executive ®un the Legis • lature cannot be convened) tocallWnh such num , berof the militia of any othefP Me or St- tes as i may be applied for as he m " We sufficient to I suppress such insurr©.? W 19th. That, whenorcr the :a-x 9 of « States shal Le opposed, or the execu i, D N Het l b J X Wt d in any St,te s °V erfal to be suppiessed by the ordinary 1 10 ° P»*. Btl dicial proceedings or by the poweri Blu marshals, rtshall be lawful for th* if led * ih* BSS the Untied States to call forth the mihu^ e f nt °f Kid Slate or of any other Male or State, ‘ ° f necessary to suppress vuch combination L e ’fes cause the laws of be duly executed- V) feve of the militia, so lo e called forth, mayS?i he «* Mu' ed, ts necessary, until the expiration oi alter the commencement of the then neY , * ‘Ws WKw Congress; provided that, whenever it RS cessary in toe judgment of the Uredden. t Ifcc na it ary force thus called forth, he s a’l f "lie by proclamation, command such insurin'!!' perse, and retire peaceably to thei? ! . abodes within a limited time; and DrovdT 11,, 1N that the militia, which the President u th.‘.= ’ liso »ici izod to cab forth, be of the active or of J uth °t- ®e TIVE and sendentary forces, when such r Ac ' * 3 forces of the State, or of fie neighboring I?, or | wit shall be, in his opinion, suificient; and who. then such portions of the mass as i, e shall V ot, l* ft necessary. al “ ee H|«lsr 20th. That the militia of the United Stit any portion thereof, when employed in t>» S ’. #t of the United Slates, shad be subject to VlCe *** rules and articles of war as the trooos of ** 1 ted States.—And that no officer, non-commi, •£ officer, musician, or private of the militia si n I ** compelled to serve more than six months as * j? l of 1 arrival at the place of lendezvous, in any ore Ki nor more than in due rotation with everv able-bodied man of the same rank m the iIJSr to which he belongs. 21st. That every citizen duly emo bd i. ,v f”! militia shall be constantly provided with aim! Jfj eou.Tements, and amunition as already mint J 1•• I from and afier the peiiod when lie sliaij ! ia ,„ d °' ;l | r * t dully notified of his en.olment: and £ warning to the citizens so enrolled ta attend a com I pany or regimental muster or tiaining, which«hTJ Sn be according to the laws of the State in which HI is given fur that purpose, shall be deemed aw : «ei noi.ee of his enrolment. 22d. i hat the officers, non-commissioned -offi Hi cers, musicians, artificers, and privates; of volun* I teers and mi itia. when called into the service of I th the United States, in the manner and under the h> ci cumstances referred to, shall be entitled to and of receive the same monthly pay, rations, clothing Be or money in lien thereof, and forgae, and be fur- p»a nished with the same camp equipage, as are or may M] be provided by law for the officers, musician?, artk- I ec cers, and privates of the infantry of the United w States ; provided, nevertlieless, that such portion! V of the militia as may be called out, as piovided un- >%h der the 17th head, shall not be entitled to receive |oi clothing, or money in lieu thereof, nor shall any ai officer of the same be entitled to forage,or money c< instead, for more than oneho;se, nor lor mere than Is l one servant each. Sv 23d. That all officers of all mounted compsTW* l nies, volunteers or mi ilia, when in service of the 01 United States, shall each be entitled to reteive forage, or money in -ieu thereof, for two horses, f< when tliey actually keep private servants, and for I $ l one horse w hen without private servants: and 9 that forty cents per day be al owed for the use and H v lisk of each horse, except horses ki led in battle,Pp or dying of wounds leceived in ba’tie. r l hat each I ® non commissened officer, musician, artif.cer, and private, of all mounted companies, shall be entiled | * to receive forage in kind for one I orse, with foity §** cents a day for the use and risk thereof, except* horses killed in battle,or dymg of wounds received I in battle; and twenty-live cents per day in lieujf of forage and subsistence, when the same shall be I f furnished by himself, cr twelve and a half certs M per day for either, as the case may be. 1 24th. That any officer, non-commissioned offi cer. artifice r, musician, or private of militia or vol- V 1 unteers, required to be mounted, who shall, when® in the service of the United Siatas, sutler, without ar any fault or negligence on his part, while in said® service,by the loss of a horse killed in battle.or® by a horse dying of wmunds r. ceived in battle ® shall upon due and sufficient p oof then of. te p;id ® for the sa re ; provided, that not more than one ® hundred and twenty dollars be paid for each horse Ml for which payment may be thus claimed. , 25th. 'i'hat the officers, non-corn misrioned offi-S* cers, artificeis. musicians, end privates, of the Utia, when called into the service <f the Lnittd|» States, shall be entitled to one days pay, subsis-®| tence, and other allowances, for every d y occ> Wj pied when transported by water, and for eve twenty miles when travelling by land in going JH the place of discharge; provided, that the militia 9 so called into the service of tie In.ted bfiv.es | shall be deemed always to have travelled by the J most usual or expeditious routes. 23th. That when any officer, ron-commisioned j officer, artificer, musician, or private, of the mili tia or of volunteers, who shall die in the servi. eof | the United States, or when returning to his place of reside .ce after being mustered o.it cf service,® or at any time thereafter, in consequence ofn wounds received in servh e, ai d shall leave a wi- 1/ dow, or, if no wifow, a child or children under sixteen years of age, such widow, or if no widow I suck child or children, sha'l bemtitlcd jo receive ■ half the monthly pay to which the docea? 1 entitled at of his death, or at his out of seivice, f or g the tejpfnof live years ; and in < ase of ihe death iage of such widow before the expira- of five years, the half pay for the lemaindtr . of the time shall go to the child or childr n of said deceased; piovided that the Secretary of War shall adopt such forms of evidence; to substantiate! the application for half pay, as the President of the V United states ma}- prescribe. 27th. 'l'hat courts-martial, for the trie 1 of «.!!}• fl cers, non-< ommissioned officers, artificers, musi- 1 (ians, or privates of tiie militia or volunteers corps, I shall be composed of mi itia officeis only. 2sth, That every officer, non-commissioned offi- I cer, artificer, musician ; or private of the militia, I who shall fail to obey the orders of t e I mted f States in the case provided for calling forth the AC- I tive force, oi parts thereof, (in the 17th head) shall S be fined, and forfeit a sum not exceeding th' ee B months’ piy. nor less than half a months’ pny,ac- I cording lo the ciicumstances of the case, as a (ourt- I martial mnj* determine: and that cvcrv officer, I non-commissioned olficer, .nusiti-.-, p private, of tec* militia whn otnrti’' tail to cbe\ the ■ oidc'-. v>i*ine Piesiffi nt of the United States, in any I o the rases cited in the ISth and 19th hea ls, shall I forfeit a sum not exceeding one year’s pay, and 9 not less than one month’s pay, to be determin'd 1 and adjudged according to the i ircumstances of the |t case by a court-martial; and such officer shall, more- m over, be liable to be cashiered by sentence °f a J court martial, and be incapacitated from ho ding * 9 commissicn in the militia for a teim of four yeais, j at the discretion of the court; and such non-com- m missioned officers and privates shall be liable to be » imprisoned by the sentence of a court-martial, <> n 9 failure of the payment of fines adjudged against ■ them, for one calendar month, for every five dol- 1 bis of such fine. 29th. That all fines assessed, as described in the I preceding head, shall be certified by the office: 1 dering the court, or the revi>ing authority of the I proceedings of the court-martial having appro'® I of the same, to the marshal ofthedistri tip wnic I i the delinquent shall reside, or to one of his ,e P u I ties, and take a receipt from the said marsh 81 / 1 I deputy, as tie case may be, for the same; * lO I receipt and duplicate, cf the cerlii cate lurnis ® » I he shall transmit for record to the adjutant g ne al of the militia of the United States; that them shal,or his deputy, having received the sail cer i ficate, shall forthwith proceed to levy the said Ul ‘ jj with costs, by distress and sale oi the goods j chattels of t e lelinquent; w hich costs, aa manner of p:oceedii g with respect to the sa the goods distrained, shall be agieea! le tctie of the Slate in which tire same shall tje ’ a ' ,- 08 . cases of distress : and wuen any non-corntniss ; ed officer or private shall be adjudged ’osu ‘ prisonment, there being no goods or chat Cl ’ , a j found wherein to levy he said fines, the I of the district or his d *puty shall commit su h 1 inquent to jail curing th. teim for which E be adjudged to in prisonment, or until the^ n ■ be paid in the same manner as other P? lS demned to fine and imprisonment at u*e tU United States may be commuted. llt iesshall 30th. That the marshals and the:r d?f -j^for make a return of the levy of fines, as F of in the fort going head, to the adjutant ge .ri aa c, the militia of the United Mates, w ithin ■ . counting from the time that the ccrtn.c . ar( j s; assessment of the ‘aid fines is plat ed in . g and they sfiail also pay into the ban J adjutant geneial, w ithin the above u . <o ’lccted, > time, all fines by them thus levi d atu deducting therefiom five per centum jne sa-d sation forth ir trouble: and in case any t ne marshals or their deputies shall ui { geh el ' required teturn, or pay over to the a J cO .. al of the militia of the United Mate* *