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CHRONICLp AND SENTINEL. AUGUSTA. THURSDAY C ORNING, DECEMBER 10. F< R CONGRESS, HINES HOLT, Jr. 'IF MUSCOGEE. Election on JPtrvf Monday in January. |rhe Mails. Again we are Without a mail beyond Charleston. and from the success which has thus far attended the u distingui&heS.s*ivicts" of the “ accomplished ” member of Congress from Charleston, in regulating: the mails, we ratljer guess if he could be again prevailed on to urldeitake the “ important duty," and the editorial cfn'ps would consent to puff liinr. a little, we should), ere long, have no mails. i The Races. Wednesday—Pijrse S4OO, entrance S2O, 2 mile heats. ; Col. Crowel’s b.'f. Nancy Clark, 11 Jas. Lampkin’s r?h. f. Mary Elizabeth,...2 2 Col. Johnson’s b; h. Wonder, 3 3 Chas.*Lewis’ eh. f. Emily Speed 4 4 Time, | 3.46—3.46 Wonder the favorite, at SIOO to $75. —Nancy led off in both heajs, and finished the race in fine style, making one pt the best two mile races ever made over the Course. Entries for to-day's race, purse S6OO, entrance $30 —three mile hyats. Col. W. Hampton’i; ch. f. Fanny, by Eclipse, out of Maria West, Ihe dam of Wagner—4 years old Col. Johnson’s ch.jh. Ford ham, by Eclipse, out of Jeanette, own sister to Sir Charles—s years old. Walton & Lamkin|s b. h. Gano, by Eclipse, out of Betsy Richards-|-5 years old. Correspondent of the Chronicle Sf Sentinel. IjliL ledge vill, December 7th. In the Senate td-day, the resolution requiring the Treasurer and -Central Bank to receive in pay ment of debts, &x. jthe Certificates or the Commis sioners of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, pay able in State stocll, was taken up, and after some discussion, laid on >the table and made the order of the day for Wednesday. Its passage is doubtful , but I think it will *oe adopted by the Senate. The bill to authorize the Commissioners of the Western and Atlanjic Railioad to purchase land for depots and trading towns, was also taken up, amended and lost. ’ There may be a reconsidera tion in the morning. The bill of the House, in re lation to Common Schools, was taken up, and pass ed without amendment. Nothing else of -interest occurred in the Senate, except the presentation, by' Mr. Calhoun, of a me morial from Columbus, in relation to the resump tion of specie payments by the Central Bank and Bank of Darien, which was referred to the Com mittee on Banks ; and the introduction by- Mr. Mil ler, of a bill to incorporate the “ Clinch Riflemen” of Augusta. The Resumption Bill is the order of the day for U-movrow, in theSenale. It will no doubt past with some modifications. In the House a considerable part of the morning; was consumed by t.ne introduction of new matter The two most important bills introduced were, one by Mr. Chester, of Decatur, to authorize the Banks to Issue bills of the denomination of one dol lar and upwards, -.md one by Mr. Toombs, of Wilkes, to repeal the charter of the Bank of Da rien, and to provide for winding up its affairs.— The bill reported bV the Committee on Internal Improvements, authorising the issue of State bonds for the completion |of the Western and Atlantic Railroad and imposing a specific tax on Negro prop erty, t j provide for payment of interest on those bonds annuallv, and for the gradual payment of the principal was indefinitely postponed. The bill intended to secure the assets of banks iu certain cases for tbe‘payment of their debts, intro duced by Mr. Barclay, of Habersham, being under consideration, after an animated debate, in which Mr. Barclay, in favor of the bill, and Messrs. Crawford, of Richmond, Toombs and Miller parti cipated, was lost. The afternoon session was chiefly devoted to the passage of local bills, and the reading of bills h second time. Q. From the Charleston Courier of yesterday. wiiig Dinner, IN HONOR OF THE HON. W. C. PRESTON. A more numerous, respectable and influential as semblage of the citizens of Charleston, never con vened together on a similar occasion, to do honor to any public representative. The arrangement were Harmoniously in unison with the feelings of those present, and but one sentiment appeared to inspire ail; that they had t&us united, to offer their testi mony in favor of th|y political principles of him, who had been repudiated and proscribed by a reck less and dictatorial rjiajority in his own State. The reading of th| ‘-Third Regular Toast,” was received with the m.jst heartfelt and enthusiastic demonstration of approbation, and the Hon. Sena tor rose, apparently deeply affected, t© respond to the kind and marked distinction. It is vain for us to pretend to sketch even an outline of the picture, he furnishet:*, of our national and political position, the unhappj?- influence of the present ad ministration, and the beneficial results that must naturally ensue from that of Gen. Harrison.— With a master’s hand he pencilled the abuses and corruptions of the “powers that be,” pointing out how popular sentiment had been controlled and checked by the influence of Executive dictation ; and altho’ the people “had the wills to do, and the souls to dare,” they' still bowed to the nod of patro nage, and quietly submitted to the continued impo sitions of Government. But, in this silent calm ness of endurance, a storm was brewing which was to waft destruction before it—at length the spirit of indignant justice, shook off its stupefying and dangerous lethargy ; public opinion was unfettered of its shackles ; the people in their majesty were awakened to a sense .of justice and their “inaliena ble rights,” and thosij rights,in a voice of thunder, were proclaimed upon the banks of the St. Law rence and re-echoed from the valley of the Missis sippi. At length the mighty convulsion took place; the flood gates of public opinion were opened, and the waters let loose to carry destruction upon theii onward course, and we now behold the administra tion an Ararat to staijd upon.” He then preceded to shew the question)* which had created schism' and sectional prejudices between the North anc. South, and adverted |to the “Compromise,” as the holy and connecting pond of union. Mr. Clay re ceived, at his hands, a well deserved and beautiful eulogium, which was gratefully responded to by ; the whole assembly, j It is admitted by all, that Col Preston seldom if ever delivered a; more powerful appeal—it; aroused the dormant energies of those who had been inactive, and inspired a general sentiment which augurs well for political revolution and redemption in South-Carolina. He enchained his audience, for anjhourand three quarters, with the most impassioned bursts of eloquence and pathos we have ever listened to; and so complete ly were they taken by storm that frequently the whole assemblage ijose, as if with one voice, to urge on the inspired speaker. He made an im ■ pression never to be eradicated or forgotten. Dr. Robertson, j>f Augusta, responded, in a very spirited and cllaste manner, to the compl.- ment to Georgia, anil illustrated very appropriate ly the difficulties Encountered in behalf of the cause of Reform in l|is State, and pointed now to i the pleasing and beautiful result. He concluded by urging Carolina to follow the foot-steps of her sister sovereignty, and raise her shield against the parricidal arm of him who would dictate opinion for an independent people. The Hen. Hugh S. Lf.gare, in reply to a com plimentary sentiment, gave a brief but another powerful evidence of his accomplished and gi gantic mind. He was succeeded by James L. Pktigku, Esq., in his peculiarly forcible and at tractive style. He argued tne constitutional prin ciples of republicanism, demonstrating clearly and satisfactorily, that, in South-Carofina, the voice of the people was neither fairly heard nor justly represented ; that the citizens of this State enjoyed the name without the authority of pow er, for if a majority of the legislature were led by fanatical or political zeal, to the election of electors for the Chief Magistracy of the Nation, the minority of the people were thus left to la ment without a voice, their situation. He re commended strongly the matter of general suf frage, and the return of the right which exclu sively belongs to the people, that of selecting lor tfiemselves a President of the United States. In the course of the evening, several other gen tlemen addressed the meeting, and the Glee Club, with well arranged songs, contributed rruch to the hilarity and general enjoyment. The Central Bank. The report of the Committee appointed by the Legislature, to investigate the affairs of this insti tution, will be found in this day’s paper, and we hope will command, as it deserves, the careful at tention of our readers. We have long entertained the opinion that the affairs ©f this Bank were rapidly approaching a crisis, and this report conclusively proves the cor rectness of that opinion. If any other proofs are wanting, we would call the attentien of the people of Georgia, to the subjoined report of the President and Cashier, showing the disposition which has been made of the State stocks held by that insti tution. The stocks of the Augusta and State Bank have usually paid an interest of S per cent, but to subserve the purposes of the Bank directory, they have been gold for Central Bank bills, which were under par, iu almost every section of the State, and the money thus obtained, loaned out on notes payable in five years, at 6 percent, interest. Central Funk of Georgia, J Milledgeville, Nov. 21, 1840. 5 To the Hon. President of the Senate, Sir.—ln compliance with the resolution of the Senate, agreed to November 20, 1840, the Board of Directors submit the accompanying statement of the Cashier of the institution. No account is kept of the funds received in payment. The Bank has considered as cash all money receivable at its counter, and all evidences of debt against it. The persens to whom loans have been made under the distribution, and in one case a bill of Exchange payable in New \ ork, being placed to the credit of th- owners, were taken in pay ment for stock. The sale that was made to Mr. Horace Smith was founded on a negotiation which commenced in July. The letter of the President to Mr. Smith, accepting his proposition to purchase one hun dred shares of stock, is dated 31st July, 1840. By a mistake in the superscription, this letter re mained in the post off.ee. The mistake was at length discoveied. This caused a delay of the transaction to the 2<th of October. 1 his state ment is made because the dividend of the Staie Bank, although unknown to the Board at the time, was made a few days before th° date of this transaction. Very respectfully, TOMLINSON FORT, Pres’t. Bank Stocksold by the Central Bank of Georgia. BANK STATE OF GEORGIA. 1840. June 18—S00 shrs sold Jus Smith, $30,000 July 3 —400 W. W. Gordon, 40,000 30— 50 H. Rozer 5,000 Aug. 13—17 W. B. 8u110ch,1,700 oo—sQ F # W. Heinneman,. •. .5,000 22—50 John Milieu, 5,000 25—20 Wimberly & Jones,. . .2,000 25—20 H. Frozen, 2,000 31— 68 C. A. Greiner, 6,800 31—10 G.T. Durtic, 1,000 Sep. 11—81 Hrnd & Scranton,. .. .8,100 11—46 Wimberly & Jones,. . .4,600 14— io Edward Thomas, 1,000 22—71 Kerrs & Hope, 7,100 28—50 W. W. Gordon, 5,000 Oct. B—2o Hand & Scranton,... .2,0i)0 10—160 R.R. Cuyler, 16,000 10—30 Wie. Bostwick 3,000 14—36 E. Withington, 3,600 17—30 Wm. Bostwick, 3,000 17—40 Gould & Bulkley,... .4,000 20— 10 Kerrs & Hope, 1,000 21— 40 Hard & Scranton,... .4,000 27—50 3 Horace Smith, 50 000 Nov. 13 —20 Wm. Bostwick, 2,000 16—5 C. S. Henry, 500 $212,800 planters’ bank of savannah. June 5—340 shrs said Wm. Robinson, $27,200 5-r-660 J. W. Anderson, 52,800 80,000 BANK CF AUGUSTA. Mar. 18—86 shs sold K. E. Cunningham, $8,600 Nov. 9—12 C. J. Jenkins, 1,200 9—12 G. W. Crawford,.... 1,200 11,000 Dollars, 303,800 Central Bank of Georgia, Nov. 21, 1840. The above is a correct statement from the books of this institution. A. M. NISBET, Cashier. We learn from an address by Bishop Smith Superintendent of Public Schools in Kentucky, the astounding fact that of the 140,000 children, of the proper age to gc to school, only about 32,- 000 are receiving an education! He further states that it costs about as much to educate the 32,000, under th epresent system, as it would to educate the whole 140 000 under the Common School system! In one of the Circuit Courts the Judge ascer tained that not one of fifteen persons summoned as grand jurors could read or write his own name! In another county, in a public assembly of about fifty persons not one could be found capable of reading and attest.ng an instrument of writing ’ This lamentable state of things is ascribed to the “Charity System, by which all Who are not able to educate their children have them educated at the public expense”—which is not adapted to the genius of ths people. “The proud-spirited Kentuckian revolts,” it is said, “at the idea of re ceiving the education of his children as a charity.” And pray does not the “proud-spirited” freeman of every Commonwealth revolt at the same ideal The system has failed wherever it has been tried, and Bishop Smith very properly urges Kentucky to adopt the New England Common Sys tem. —Newark Advertiser. Vessel and Crew Lost. —We learn by the Cleveland Herald of the 24th ult., that the Schoo ner Gleavet, of Ohio City, Capt. Case, with a crew of three men, left that port on the 28th Sept, with a cargo of corn, for Kingston, U. C., since which time she has not been heard of. She is supposed to. have foundered, and all on board lost.] Central Bank. The committee to whom was referred the duty of enquiring into the situation and management of the Central Bank, and into the expediency of repealing its charter, beg leave to report: We have chiefly confined our investigation to the general management of the Bank since the last session of the Legislature, and its situation now, as compared with that period. We find the capital of the Bank gradually wearing away, under the .pressure of legislative appropriations and its own ordinary expenses, which, if not ar rested, will, in a few years, without the aid of other specific legislation for that purpose, leave hut little, except its debts, to exercise the finan cial skill of its future guardians. Your I committee regret exceedingly to find that the debt due to the Phoenix Bank of New York has not yet been paid ; and they are com pelled to deem the reasons for the delay of pay ment, given by the directors, as wholly unsatis factory, and their conduct in relation to that debt highly censurable. The credit of the Bank, the good faith and honor of the State have been wantonly sacrificed, it seems, for no better reason than the high rate of exchange between Georgia and New York, or in other words, which give a much better idea of the truth of the case, the credits of the Central Bank which its directors put into circulation as money, were, in fact, ! worth 15 or 20 per cent, less than money. But to allow the argument, as stated, its full force, it was a question with which our creditor had no concern. The Central Bank, by authority of law, contracted the debt payable in New York. The inconvenience of our complying with our j contract, was not the fault of our creditor, nor j is it a sufficient reason for us to violate that con- ■ tract. But the high rate of exchange, as it is called, was not the real difficulty. That difficulty I consisted in converting the credits of the Cen tral Bank into money ; for money, we appre hend, could have been transported from Georgia to New York as cheaply during the present year as it could when we contracted the present debt. Upon this question there should be no compro mise, no concession, no delay. We, therefore, recommend that the debt be immediately paid; that the funds provided for that purpose shall be immediately remitted ; and that the deficiency be raised from the sale of the stock owned by the State in the Bank of Augusta and the Bank of the State of Georgia. The act of 21st December, 1839, altering and amending the charter of the Central Bank, au thorized the Directors to sell the stock owned by the State in the Banks of Augusta, Darien, Planters’ Bank Savannah and the Bank of the State of Georgia, at not less than par value , and directed that the money raised from such sale should become a part of the capital stock of said Bank. This section of the act, as you/ commit tee believe, has been wholly evaded, to the great injury of the public interest. Unless the plain letter of the act had declared it, we could not suppose that the Legislature intended to sell sound secure Bank stocks, yielding eight per cent, per annum for simple promissory notes payable, in effect, in five annual instalments, and bearing six per cent, interest. The actadmilsof no such construction; yet the Directors of the Central Bank first throw into circulation upon such notes, their own credits, known at the time to be from 12 to 20 per cent, below par, taking specie as the basis, and then receive those credits, thus depreciated, at par, for the Bank stocks which they sold—thereby exhibiting a total dis regard of the public interest, without a parallel, i except in the act which clothed them with such j power for mischief and the public injury. The act, from its very language, contemplated that those stocks should be sold for money, and that money should be the basis of the issues of the Bank, and a fund for their redemption. Your committee find that the Directors have ' greatly enlarged their “Bill account,” if mere promissory notes, payable at places other than i their own counter, without an acceptance, nor drawn against produce shipped, can be called “bills.’’ That account has swollen, your com- | mittee believe, beyond any former precedent in 1 that Bank; and it is a power liable to very great ( abuses, and ought to be restrained. A very salu- ! tary provision of the charter, which restricts the i amount which shall be loaned to any one indi vidual, is, by the exercise of this power, very ; easily evaded. And we lind under this head, in- I dividual accommodations ranging from 6,000 to $12,500 ; and we find another fact by no means favorable to this kind of business, that nearly one fourth of the entire amount of bills are in suit, notwithstanding a very large amount of them ' are not yet matured ; and unless the Bank shall j be more fortunate in their bills yet to fall due, their maturing will father enure to (he benefit of l the legal profession than to the Bank. The amount of promissory notes in suit is also j very large, amounting to above $ 173,000, be-j sides the vast amount due and not in suit. These j facts show a want of punctuality without paral lel in the history of banking, and cannot result | otherwise than in ruinous losses to the Bank. 7 our committee find the Central Bank in pos session of about $90,000 of the bills of the Da rien Bank, which have long since ceased to an swer any of the purposes of money, except at a great depreciation, to which the State ought not to submit—she being ultimately liable for the re demption of seven-tenths of them, when the capi tal of that Bank shall have been lost; if, indeed, that yet remains to be done. We would recom mend that the State exercise the right she re tained in the charter of that Bank, to repeal the same, put it in the hands of Commissioners, and wind up its affairs as speedily as possible. Prom the investigation which your committee hayc given to this subject, they are clearly of opinion, upon general principles, as well as from the practical operations of the system, that the charter of the Central Bank ought to be repealed. We deem it unnecessary to enter at large into the reasons which condemn the policy of that act; and the more especially, as the report of the Commissioners appointed, under the resolutions of 1838, upon the Stale finances, and the protest of those whaopposed the act of 1839, extending the charter of the Bank, are within the possession of this House, and, as your committee believe, are conclusive upon this branch of the subject. If those views and reasons needed confirmation, your committee believe it is abundantly furnish ed by the practical operation of the Bank since the last session of the General Assembly. After 10 months operations, we find the Bank indebted to bill-holders alone in nearly $1,000,000, with out having paid out during that term, a much greater amount than it received from its collec tions from the former debtors of the Bank, and the amount received from the sale of State stocks, and other items of revenue, independent of their own issues. It has been incurred chiefly by lending its credit to individuals, and conse quently it has scarcely any thing but its promis sory notes, and the bills before described, with which to redeem their issues, and finds itself wtiolly unable to sustain its credit, even at its present depreciation, without calling upon the State to issue its bonds upon the faith of the property of all the people of Georgia, to sustain loans ot public credit to a very small portion of those people. our committee are clearly of opinion that these bonds ought not to be issued, unless accompanied with such legislation as will prevent tfye future recurrence of similar evils.— Whenever it can be shown to be prudent and sound policy to levy money out of one citizen’s pocket, to loan to another certainly not more, and probably much less meritorious, then ought the policy of the Central Bank to be sustained, but not till then. Your committee, therefore, re commend the passage of a bill to repeal the act of 1839, and to provide for the redemption of the bilis of the Central Bank, &c. From the Louisville Journal. Premature Scramble for Office. The following is from a New York letter of the National Intelligencer: “ I am sorry to state that an undignified and unworthy scramble for place has already com menced in this city. Men are going about get ting other men to sign tlieir names to papers re questing Gen. Harrison to give them such and such an office ! If I know the character of that well-schooled and well-disciplined man, whole reams of paper will have no effect upon him in the distribution of offices, and particularly when they come from such a Babylon as this, where the easiest way in the world is to copy the direc tory entire, or to manufacture names at will. I have alluded to tile subject, because no where ought society to be agitated by tnis business of getting names—a custom borrowed from the ene my, and ending in no good—by which an ap peal is made, not so much to men’s merits and fitness, as to the row-dy-dow influences of Lo cofocoism that we have just put down. A pret ty spectacle, indeed, to throw the national offices of this great metropolis into the pot-houses of the streets, taking from them what belongs to the whole republic—such lam sure the Whig prin ciples of a new Administration can never tole | mte !—The quicker the good sense of our friends every where put such business down, the better. Offices are not what we have scrambled for, but a change of principles from a change of Govern ment.” It will be perceived, from the preceding extract ; that a disgraceful scramble has already com- i j menced in New York city for the loaves and j j fishes that are to be within the bestowal of Gen. | : Harrison after the 4th of March next.. We have I I but too much reason to fear that this premature j and indecorous scuffle is by no moans confined to that city. That men who will indelicately thrust forward their importunate pretensions to office are to be found in all parties is to be expected. But we do trust that no prominent or intelligent Whig is giving them any countenance or sanction. If there be any one ot the many abuses of power by the predecessors of Gen. Harrison, which i more than any other has received the condem- j nation of the Whigs, it is that growing out of the spoils principle. There is no other abuse, for the reform of which they stand, as a parly, more distinctly and unequivocally pledged. To fulfil that pledge and to work that reform upon right principles will be much the most delicate and difficult of the duties of the new President. It will be anything but an act of kindness, on the part of his personal and political friends, to aid in getting up a system of memorializing and petitioning in behalf of particular individuals, which will not only tend to disturb, but may pre vent the calm dispassionate discharge of that du ty, and which cannot be otherwise than person ally most distressing and harrassing to him. I or ourselves, we take the liberty to enter our most earnest jrotest against having the new President assailed with such wagon-loads of pe titions for office, which cannot but serve to de grade, in his estimation, the true motives for ac tion of the petitioners, and make him think that after having aided to elect him upon one set of principle, they are base enough to try to instruct him into the practice of the opposites of those principles. Such a course may serve to embarrass and perplex the new President, as it undoubtedly will tend to render his situation uncomfortable and disagreeable: but he falls far short of the high appreciation we put upon his character for integ rity, if it can drive him from a proper into an im proper course, and if it do not rather, from a gen eral disgust produced by the whole of such a plan of operations, create a bias in his mind prejudi cial to all those who put forward their claims to office in that manner. I o the expectants of office themselves, we now say, do not injure your claims, whatever they may be, by a premature and indecorous haste. Place no trust whatever in the length of the list of signers to a petition. The longer it is the stronger the ground for suspecting that the applicant needs to be thus bolstered. A certifi cate of character, qulification, and claims, from two or three men personally known to the Presi dent or one of the heads of departments, ought to have, and no doubt will have, ten times the in fluence of hundieds of names wholly unknown to him or even mixed up with a few that are known to him. There is some responsibility up on two or three gentlemen who will unite in re commending ain applicant to an office in their neighborhood. There is no such responsibility felt, nor does any such exist where a man barely adds his name to a list of a hundred others, such as most men are known to sign principally by the fear of giving offence by refusing to sign. Let it not be supposed for an instant from any thing we have said above, that we are in favor of having the whole of the present horde of office holders, or even a majority of them, continued in power. There are swarms in all parts of the country, that owe their appointments to a re morseless exercise of the proscriptive principle:, there are swarms that have been guilty of per sonal and political dishonesty and dishonor; swarms that have aided to “ oring the patronage of the Government into conflict with the freedom of elections;” let all such be searched out and removed at once from the stations which they have no right to hold for a moment. Our aid will be promptly and vigorously rendered in searching them out and marking them for their just fate. But,in the mean time, we beg all of our political friends to respect themselves, to bear in mind their past professions, and to do every thing in their power towards aiding instead of em barrassing the action of the new administration.. The Progress of Science. We have read with pleasure in the Alexandria Gazette, the Introductory Lecture delivered be fore the Alexandria Lyceum, by Benjamin Hal lowell. The following extracts from it, we are persuaded, will be acceptable to our readers ; “ When Piazza, a Sicilian Astronomer, disco vered a new planet, on the first day of the pre sent century, it seemed to predict, from such a beginning, that this would be a century of disco veries and inventions. Truly has this prediction been verified. In every field of Nature, every branch of Science, and every process of Art, there has been almost a continual series of suc cessive discoveries. In Astronomy, notwithstand ing that, previous to this discovery of Piazzi, the planet Herschell alone had been discovered since the Christian era, or indeed, for an unknown period before, yet, through the observations of Olbers and Harding, three others have since been added to the number of known primary planets belonging to our system, so that, of the eleven at this time known, four have been discovered during the present century. Nor are these ad vances in practical Astronomy, brilliant and in teresting as they are, at all superior to the inves tigations of La Place and others, during the same period, in the physical department of this science. By these the minutest irregularities of movement, in any one of the planetary bodies, is perfectly and familiarly explained, and its place capable of being predicted, with unerring cer tainty, for an unlimited period to come. Thus do we seem to have attained to the summit of this most noble science. The deflecting force of the planets, the irregularities in the motions of Saturn, and the inharmonious distance between the planets Mara and Jupiter, all of which were formerly sources of constant and inexplicable difficulty with astronomers, are now perfectly understood and harmonized; and, save the vain search for the gravitating principle, which, as the knowledge of it could not be rendered sub servient to a single want, will in all probability, forever remain concealed from human investiga tion, scarcely a single observed celestial phenom enon remains to be explained.” “ But, interesting as is this persevering, may I say railroad trait in the American character, it is to be regretted that it is sometimes attempted to be introduced where it can never be success fully applied. However much may be achieved over material objects, and in physical relations, by indomitable perseverance and locomotive en ergy; and although these may have an elfect to stimulate to increased activity the powers of the mind, yet true mental discipline and culture are not to be best attained with so great a rapidity. The consequence of an attempt to crowd into the minds of youth, in such quick succession, the entire circle of Science and Literature, and to finish the course of study at so early an age, has had the effect to lower the standard of literary eminence in our country, until the Diploma in Law, in Medicine, or as a College graduate, has ceased to be evidence of any unusual proficiency. What is wanted is a change in the models of our Institutions of Learning. They are at present very generally modelled after corresponding in stitutions in Europe, where the circumstances of those who avail themselves ot their advantages are materially different. We are a working, ac tive. business people, and we need institutions of learning for our youth adapted to this our pecu liar characteristic, where the innate energy which they possess will neither be stifled, nor directed to objects where it cannot be successfully applied. Look at the men most noted for enterprize and business in this or in any other community where you are acquainted, and see what proportion of them are graduates of a College, or, indeed, ob seive the comparatively small number of College graduates that are successful in business, and it then ceases to be a wonder that it has become so general a sentiment that an education disquali fies for ordinary pursuits. But assuredly, a pro per education cannot disqualify lor business; but on the contrary, it must necessarily be a great auxiliary in any pursuit whatever. The defect is not in the knowledge possessed, but in the sys tem by which it has been acquired, and in the habits and notions that have been acquit ed with it. Habits of piactical industry, without which no business can be carried on to full advantage, must be acquired, if at all, in the early periods of life; but at this very period, the youth in our institutions of learning, are placed where they are not only generally deprived of an opportunity of increasing their habits of industry, and bodily activity and energy, but also likely to lose any that they may have previously possessed. We need institutions of learning adapted to the ge nius of a business people, an American commu nity, where the bodily and mental powers, shall have an equal opportunity to a perfect develop ment, as there is, in after l.fe, an equal demand upon them in the wants of their countrymen. We should combine education with business,and a means of cultivating habits of industiy. lam aware of difficulties attending an effort of this kind ; that the few experiments that have been made in this country have resulted rather unfa vorably, and that seme of those who have been inclined to the view theoretically, have yet been apprehensive of its practical results. That there might be difficulties at first in changing the sys tem, I readily admit; but that they are insupera ble, I do not believe. I entertain too high an opinion of American ingenuity, that opinion based upon what it has already achieved, to deubt for a moment, if such a system of education as has been referred to would be as decidedly bene ficial as there is every reason to believe it would, their entire ability to carry it readily into success ful operation. For the failure or comparative want of success of most of the ‘ Manual Labor Schools,’ as they have been called, there is a sufficient number of causes that may he assigned, without bringing us to the conclusion that Edu cation cannot succcesfully be combined with business pursuits. The term manual labor itself, as applied to these institutions, was unfortunate. There is too generally associated with it an idea of degradation—that they are a kind of juvenile work-hoose. Again : there has been too close a calculation of dollars and cents at the commence ment, and because the institution would not yield a profit at first, it has been given up in despair; when, from the nature of things, several years must necessarily elapse from the commencement of such an instilution, before it could possibly get into successful operation. It appears to me, too, and I say it with great deference to the judgment ot those who have been engaged in the manage ment of institutions of this Kind, that too little attention has been paid in the government of them to the studying of human nature, particu larly in regard to the minds of youth. The young mind requires for its vigorous development the entire direction and control of its own pow ers as far as this can properly be admitted, and the great art of education consists in being able to hold out inducements for the youth volun tary to direct their efforts in away it is de sired they should. Every one knows with what cheerfulness and vigor a youth, even one many times that will engage relu. tantly in what he is directed to do, will enter upon his plays and voluntary amusements; that the bodily exertion there uselessly employed would, under different and proper direction, be capable es accomplishing important purposes. Now let us reflect what it is that constitutes the difference between work and play. It is not the amount of laoor. But that is play, no matter how hard it is, or what amount of bodily exertion it requires which is done under our own direction, and of our own choice ; that is work, no matter how easy, that is done by the requisition and under the direction of another. If, then, we can hold out induce ments for the youth to direct their energies into a particular channel during the hours of recrea tion from study, which I believe to be entirely practicable, we thereby obtain all the benefits to the discipline of the mental powers, that result from the exercise of their felt-free agency; we obtain the full development of their physical powers, the knowledge of some business pursuit, the addition of that much active labor to the operative business of the country, the superior health, and, above all, the youth will have ac quired those habits of voluntary and practical industry which will render idleness a burden to them, and business a pleasure. Besides it would eventually have a tendency to cheap en education, and thereby place it more within the means of every one. Who can cal culate the full amount of benefit that would re sult to a people whose youth should receive such a system of education ! It would be immense, especially in a country of such vast extent as ours, and where industry and habits of business aie so continually in demand. And nothing, I am persuaded, is required to secure so desirable an object but to have it judiciously commenced.” “ The use of the Gin, in seeding cotton, the invention of the ingenious Eli Whitney, of New Haven, Connecticut, although partially intro duced towards the close of the last century, was not brought into general use till during the pre sent. *1 he effects of this invention upon the agricultural interests of the Southern States, or, indeed, upon the world at large, can scarcely be calculated. Previous to the use of this machine, it was the labor of one hand for a whole day to separate a single pound of clean staple from the seed. The lands were of comparatively little value, and a general gloom covered the agricul tural prospects of the whole South, when, by one of those mysterious coincidences of circumstances for administering to the necessities of mankind, which give so strong an evidence of the immedi ate superintendance of a kind and careful Provi- donee, Eh \\ hilney, a young and genius, who had seemingly very purpose, was thrown aln f *‘ the most conspicuous planters of South Carolina by the kindnes of a , Ut * <W sole object was to benefit a worthy jfr’S friendless and penniless young man * 3 “ How often has it occured that a sintrl kindness, flowing from a heart filled with I 40101 lent desires for the good of a single L-T°* has, m accordance with the true goodness itself, spread aboard till h . Cl * of ted, with its blessed influence the h a , Pr °® 0 -' thousands. To the kindness of #f Gen. Greene, .he lady alluded to. with . 91 M h.tney had accidentally become accli "S travelling from Connecticut to Georgia Southern country indebted for this°in’» ■* ll “ machine. 1 lo.e to reflect upon and oC ‘ “f M ' lhi» single act of woman’s kindness hi! blessed, and how many thousands hav t made happier and more comfortable by .. circumstances were these ; Whitney Wa ‘ to Georgia to fulfil an engagement with a man of that State, to become a private tU t his family. On his way thither, he was *l* erably indisposed, and, accidentally in company with the widow of General (j l#g his indisposition excited her sympathies I*?!’ were increased by the circumstance that Jk he arrived in Georgia, he found that the man with whom he was engaged had emplo another person, and he was, consequently in w feeble health, without employment, and’ a , n strangers. She kindly invited him to her r°°* dence near Savannah, showed him the attenr^ [ of a mother, ami eventually, to bring him i"? employment, introduced him to the ronsnic u mu planters accidentally assembled at her ho °* Majors Forsyth, Brenner, and Pendleton *!*' had served under her husband in the Hevoluti ary war, as an ingenious person, who could? 1 move the very difficulty in regard to seeding J ton, which he afterwards so successfully accorn plished. Now, was this all accidental, or 1 we not rather trace in it the verification of th declaration in Scripture, ‘ Man deviseth hi, but the Lord directeth his steps ?’ ” - ’ a Egypt. Below is an extract from a letter to the of the Boston Morning Post, from a young Boi lonian, which will well repay the reader for the time bestowed upon its perusal. Grand Cairo, March 15, 1840, Fu I end Gulin;— From this far-off pl aC e--ih( capital of the ancient Pharaohs—the city 0 f Sala din, the foe of Richard Cceur de Lion—within sight of and almost under the mighty walls ofth* Pyramids—l send you a hearty shake of the hand. You know something of my former route, The facilities afforded to me in travelling in Ria. sia enabled me to see the country more thoroughly perhaps, than almost any foreigner who hasgou before me; but whether I make any use of the information which I have collected, I havenotu yet determined. I was in Turkey and Svriadur ing a most interesting period—just when the death of the Sultan Mahmoud had occurred, and when the disaffected in all parts of the country were rife for rebellion and outrage, and also when the army of Ibrahim Pacha, triumphant over that of the Sultan, was sweeping through these parti of Syria which he had subjugated, and restoring order by chopping off the heads of the disaffected! Passing through Syria I went to Damascus, and thence to Nazareth, Samaria, the sea of Galilee, the river Jordan, and thence to Jerusalem. lake visited Bethlehem, Bethany, and all the places el interest mentioned in the life of Christ. I ban gone through the whole length and breadth «f the Holy Land—that hallowed soil where “trod those blessed feet, Which eighteen hundred years ago were aaikd For our redemption, to the cruel cross.” In one of the rooms of the Latin Monastery at Jerusalem, my heart leapt with joy at seeing thru copies of the Boston Morning Post.' An English traveller who had been at Jerusalem about three months before me, had brought them with him from Malta, and with most Christian-like kind ness, had left them behind at the Monastry, to gladden the eyes of some future pilgrim. In look ing over these papers I observed an editorial arti cle in which you alluded to my humble self, and return you many thanks for the flattering notice. I have also received here in Cairo a copy of th* Post of 15th September, containing my letter to you from the Caucasus. And now to Egypt— here I have travelled thoroughly ; 1 have been through its whole extent, from North to South, and, leaving the Nile, have passed on beyond the frontier of Egypt into Nubia. Egypt now is cer tainly one of the most interesting countries that« traveller can visit: he there sees before him the evidences that men of all ages have trodden upon that soil. Her mighty temples carry him backu a people from whom the knowledge and art which are now diffused all over Europe and the world orignally flowed ; he sees there the towers of Ro man occupation—the ruins of baths and templet built under the emperors; he has, then, again, | the Saracenic architecture of the middle ages, the ! memorials of Saladin and his followers. Eviden ces of the temporary occupation by the Frencfl are not wanting; and then again the great works of the present, which are going on under Mo bamed Ali, are continually before his eyes. At one moment you meet with an ancient temple, which for more than 3,000 years has de fied all the ravages of time, and close by its side you see some modern improvement—-a sugar mill or a cotton fabric, placed there bv the Pacha, who, by introducing the arts of civilization among a oarbarous people, is doing one great thing to wards making them happy. In no other place in the world do you see such a mingling of th* past and the present; the monument of antiquity seems literally to be shaking hands with the worb of our own time. I spent many days at TheUi but the glory of the t% city of the hundred gatul which Homer sung, has long since departed. Th* men of Thebes have gone, but whey have left eter nal monuments behind, and “Memnon’a statu* which at sunrise played,” still stands as irmly on its colossal pedestal as when thousands flocked * out from those gates to listen to the music of it* morning song. And that other statue of iramens* size, which was said to throw back the rays #t r the rising sun from its polished surface, as if k 1 were of molten gold, also still remains, though fallen to the ground and broken in its fair proper lions. One wanders through the immense teo* , pies that still remain, and hears nothing, unless it be that his own voice or footsteps start up echoes in the hall of a hundred columns. o°* of these temples has a hall alone in which are » hundred and fifty columns, many of them tweh* feet in diameter and of a goodly height. Mob*' I med Ali has caused two of the largest tempi** that were filled nearly to the roof with earth, w be entirely cleansed, and they are now as clear# 1 t when services were performed in them of old. A decree has recently been issued by the Pack*# prohibiting the export of antiquities from country. Egypt has been in fact, for the last forty ye*** over-run by diggers for statues, coins, sphynxef* &c.; but the Pacha now speculates, upon m* stock of columns, obelisks, &c., to ingratiate him* self with the European Powers. Cleopatr#* Needle, which stands upon the sea shore u«# r Alexandria, was given to the English, but they hesitated about the expense of bringing it and there it remains. I think we might make # good speculation by swapping our Bunker B» Monument for it. On the 13th of November' took to my boat,” over which the “star-spangi* banner” had been floating for more than a ' and while —“My swan-like yacht Was gliding down the gleaming > T d*