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f; | k CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
IS fMU«H£U
L ,U V, TRIWEEKLY AND WEEKLY,
\i V» 209 Broad-etrett.
TERMS:
jper Ten Dollar* per annum, in advance.
■My Five Dollar? {*?r an im in advance.
Three Dollars per annum in advance, or
>py two years or two copies one year, s 5.
ITES OF ADVERTISING:
L time,... 50 50 I sqare 1 month •*3 00
•2 da --. 375 1 do 2 do - -9 00
i do•••• 1 00 1 do ? no i
i . y do-- 1751 do b do-. 16 00
12 Jo ... 300 j 1 do per year,. •--0 00
dsU.j adoerti*'***** appear in both Vu
hJlg Mid ■I W W’tekUj papers.
■ welve lines or less make a square; longer
\raed ia proportion. Advertisements or
till forbid, will be charged oO cents for the
1 } ~3 cents per square for each subsequent
ly advertisements will be charged 75 cents
re, for the treat insertion, and 30 cents for
sequent one. Monthly advertisements at
juare for every insertion,
he charge for announcing candidates tor
Jounty .officers is 53 in all case? in ad j
i<(V 1
Sv=TEii.—ln no case vv ill an aj*Lrt~ iot-i
• r be attended to, unless accompanied with
y ; and in every instance when the time
h any' subscription may’ be poid, exj ires
.e receipt of funds to renew the eubsmp
paper w ill be discontinued. Depreciate d
eceived at it? value In thi-> city.
k or rue A'iaicfi.rcßAi. Paoinjcrs or i
ited Statk - IN I M2.—-The American
publishes the follo wing estimate ot the
the agricultural products of the I nued
vhieh it ?uys is based u;>on the “tabular
; of Ihe crops ul 1842, made by the
asioner of Patents in his Annual Repent
licaled to Congress on the Ist itret. The
H down are those which prevail in this
or such are supposed to be a fair
at other places. The actual prices
designated by the letter (••*), those ?up
the lettei (s).
. | Quantities ol
produce. Mimicv value.
* H“JI7,*IU hii»h at 75c (a) i70.7a?.U 6
■**’ ...3jJ71,602 do 30c («) 1A95.?U
-30131,617 do -Ait <«)
‘ii.76i.93-i do -30 c 11 . tsl ,4. S
ki.”.......9,483.409 do 40c (s) 3,70:1,363
. jra 44l -.i9.-i46 do tic (a) l-v3,s6>.ist
i do i»c (1) 03,7 ■> '.M i
. ’ 1 1 035,03 toil' a 1 *lO (9) 110,513,530
Hemp 156,569 ido #l‘J) (*) lO.UisTCO
. i 6<J,333a£9l do sc («) 34.666.654
* 94,007,461 d . ijc (■>■) i,TVi,IS7
coon- i411i4 do 30c (.) IdiUrii
ed value ol ilic
ve is the value of the estimated products
-en articles only, the growth crT iMv. ff?
Lag to nearly sit hundred millions of dol
oxi vet, as a people we are oppressed to
tk with pecuniary debts and difficulties,
uost without credit eit i r at home or
. Such a state of things i? un parallel
si history of the world, and it i? useless
i the question longer, as there can be no
but that, through the course of ruinous
, res, tending to the derangement of the
cv, and the prostration of individual and
confidence, the interests of the farming
anting classes have been paralyzed.—
imOr.
ecumtical. —The following scene tru;u |
wood, lor February, i' worth a reprim.
•d Air?. Thompson had been neglected a'
u, and was enthusiastic in the can-e of
education. Sometime? they looked into
•ok, but oftmerstill the, cast attentive eye?
the fire as if‘-the hook of knowledge fail
iere displayed, anl not a noisy' saucepan, \
t unable to contain itself for jov of the !
heart and shoulders, trial must iu ready bv ;
Thompson's supper lima. The whole!
y were my friends —w ith the bays, i was !
ms of warmest intimacy, an t smiles an i
and shout' anl ••hecre, welcomed in? a
• - vest them.
“Now close your hook, Bob.' >ai-.i the moth
er, soon alter I wa* seated, “and, Alec, give me
yours. Put your- hands down, urn fro.n the
fire, and look up at m .*, dears.”
“What is the capital ot Russia?”
“The Birman empire," said Ale.-, with un
hesitating confidence. 1
•The Baltic sea,’ : cried Rob. cm tlou • an i j
ardent.
“Waif—not so fast; le f me sec. my dears, j
w hich of you is right."
Mrs. Thompson appealed immediately to hei '
book, after a long and private communication |
with which, she emphatically pronounced b r.u
wrong.
” 1
•‘Give us a chance, mother.” sail Boh, in a
wheedling tone. (B ib knew his mother’s weak
ness,) -them's such hard word'-. I d m't know' i
tow it i<, bur I never can tem:*:nbei ’em. Just
reli us tire first syllable —oh. do now, pL-a v. i
“Oh, i know now,” c-rie i Alec, -i: -v> ne
ttling with a G in it ”
“Think of the apostles, dcuf'. Wii»t are the :
iiAmes ot the apostles ? ’
‘ Why, there ? Alose-,began Bob. counting
on hi' fingers, “anl there? Sa-mnvwcli, ant 1
there’s Aaron, and Noah s ark’’
“Stop, my dear’ sai l Air'. Thompson, who |
was very busy with h ,*r manual, and contriving {
a method of rendering a solution of her question j
easy. “Just toegiu again, i said—who was 1
Peter—no, not that—who wa- an apostle?"
“Oh, I know now!” cried Alec again. (Ale<-
was the sharp boy of the family.) It’s Peter.
Peter s the capital of Russia. ’
• No, not quite, my dear. Vou are warm— :
very w arm, indee I, but not quite b it. Tiv a- '
gain.’
“Paul,” half murmurel Rof' -ii, w ith a reck
less hope of proving right,
“No, Peter's light; but there? somehing else.
What has vour faltrer l»eeii taking down the
Ud* for V‘
There was a solemn silence, and the three
industrious eisters bluslied the faintest blush
that could be raised upon.a maiden’s cheek.
“To rub that stuff upon the walls,” said the j
ready Alec.
“Yes, but what was it t,» kill?” Hsk<*d the in- ]
siructrcss.
“The fleas,” said Bob.
“Worse than that, my dear.”
“Oh. I know no w. shrieked Alec loi tire thiid 1
time, ••Pcterssburg s the capital ot Russia."
New wav or Gmixo i f* Cocraoe.—At tire I
hospital on S itunlay, a tumor was cut from tie* j
Beet of a young woman, by Dr. Warren. Dr. i
Bueh-itiHU the neurologist, arrived at the hospital !
(to wiiue?' the oparati m) about leu min.lies be
fore it commenced. He fouad the woman de
pre>'cJ, fearful and sick at stomach. Thinking
that she might be ol the impressible cla os, he di
rected some ol the gentlemen present to place
his hand upon some ot the organs of her head
which have invigorating effects when excited.
A? she seema I to be relieved by this operation,
the doctor then attempted libnselt to excite tire
organs of firmness, hardihoo I, self-e>l mi and
playfulness, in which lie succee le I >0 w ell that
>he’ burst into a tit of laughter at the doctors, de
clared that she knew a-much a? any of them,
(hat thev couldn't hurt her, and that she did not
fear the’operator at all. Her I tughiei did not
cease until the doctor placed hi*- hands iijhmi the
back ol her head lo restrain it. fhea continu
ing to excite her hardihood anl self-esteem, he
wade hei impatient to have the o;fetation per
formed. She rose from her chair and insisted
on rushing directly to the amphitheatre to have
it finished. As soon as she was permitted to go
sha went forward, pouted at the professor, and
acted so singularly as to induce some who
tfidnot know what had happened, to supose her
under the induence of opium. The operation,
which tequiicdau incision in the neck of abput
three inches in length, was skilluliy penoime.*
by Dr. Wanrn, and borne by tiie paiient w ith
much stead ices?. Be ir>2 thet* taken hi n-r ,
she seemed to have loi gotten the whole scene.
and could not recollect w here or how the -qeia
tion ha a been performed upon
vCljioniflc mih Sentinel.
ALGUSS T A .
FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH -4.
Y';i i\V» Mo t! A ’orth of C 'holieston last et- n ing.
W. Cost Johnson’s I^etters.
in this paper, will be found a portion ot No.
10, being a continuation of the series of very in
teresting and able letters, from the Hon. AVm
Cost Johnson, on the subject of his project oj
issuing Government .Stocks. When we publish
ed the last letter, we accompanied it with some
remark?, i*i which, we expressed the opinion,
founded on the fact of hi- being the Chairman
of the Special Committee of Congre" to report
on the question, that the correspondence would
bedi'c ntinued. and Air. Johnson would embo
.■vac.wisJn repon. .asjjjwau ua u -ui
Special Committee. In this, however, it seems
we were mistaken. Should he continue them,
-we shall Jay them before our leaders tre soon as
they reach us.
Second Earthquake iu the West Indies.
The Chat lesion Courier of yesterday says;—
AVe learn from Capt. Smith, of the schr Francis
Canuaday, arrived yesterday, that a second shock
of an earthquake was experienced at the north
part of Guadaloupe, on the 3d inst. At the time,
a captain of a vessel off the North Point of the
Island, stated that it sh ok his \ essei with such
severity, that it was with difficulty the crew
could keep on their feet. A dense cloud of
smoke ascended irom the vicinity of Bassaterre,
and serious tears were entertained for the safety
of that place. It was quite sickly at Point Pe
tre. from the offensiveness ol the ruins of the
town. %
The comet, recently seen at this place, was
>een at St. Thomas on the AI ot the present
month. It was so brilliant a- to cause conside
rable alarm among the inhabitants. A shock of
an earthquake was also felt at St. Thomas on
tjfe sth inst.. about half past it o’clock at i* iirhr.
\ . material damage done.
- - - firti SuirilolltlreJldmes.
This spiiited and racyjotunal of sporting in
telligence, has entered upon its thirteenth vol
ume. under the management ol its indefatigable
and able editor, Wili.um T. Purtsr, under
whose control it has acquired so much, and such
deserved reputation. The proprietors g.eet
their patrons, on the appearance of this new vol
ume. with an embellishment, the portrait of
Col. Wilmaii R. Johnson, ot Virginia, which
is unsurpassed by any raaga dneembellishrnent
ilia! liH' met our observation.
It i< pleasant lo see the Alatiisoniau and the
Intelligencer agreeing or. one point ot political
speculation, and that, too, not ati unimportant
one. The latter paper came out a day or two
au'o with an able vindication of the late Con
gress, and the former organ, in it? next issue, ad
mits rhe truth of the conclusions to w hich the In
telligencer has come and at the sauie tint 1
butes to the agency ofthe President of ? tie Fnite-i
Stale? whatever of good has resulted tVom the ac
tion of that Congress. Whichever department
the government, whether the Legislative or *he
Executive, deserves the more credit for it, ofone
thing we may be well assured: few Congresses
have done more and better for the countrv. take
it by-an.l-large, than that which has just gone
out oi place. With all their political bickerings
and paniz «n mistake?, this meed at least cannot
be denied them.
Then deservings, in this regard, may be
shown by an exposition of what they have done
i)i rhe way of desirable, reasonable and efficient
retrenchment. Apart from theii action lon the
tariff question, concerning which, in (Jn> con
nection, much in their favor may be safely said,
it should be remembered that they came into
place ipKU a pledget > reduce the expenditures
of the Government to the lowest practicable a
mount; a pledge which, demanded of them as it
was by the crying exigencies ot the country,
was freely made by them from a sens-; of patri
otic duty, throughout the whole canvass which
resulted in their election. The event has prov
e i their profession? sincere, anl so redounds to
their credit. Tire public expenditures, in trie
third year of theii administration, have been re
duced more than one half. And in proof ol this
fake the following statements:
nxpKvniTCßKs of th;; govcrnaicn r through
MR. VAN Bl RCN? 4DMIXISTRATIOV.
1*37 *37,205,037 15
1 39,455,438 35
1539 379114,920 15
1810 28,226,533 81
8142,501,915 i :
This was ati average, pot annum, of more
than 835,500,000.
Contrast this with tire Appropriations of the
last Congress tortlie years 1842 and JBl3, as
shown in the following tabular statement: —
1812. 1843.
Civil and diplo
matic. and mis
cellaneous, ex
clusive ot the
Post Office Dep. $*4,485,000 Oi) 839UH.?i95 »’»0
Army appropria
tions 0,405.280 3fi 2.721.027 18
Navy appropria
tions 0.774.105 12 «», 191.102 33
Fortifications ap
propriation. .... 278,030 O 5! 521,5iXl 00
Pensions, Army
and Navy 730.770 00 499.115 0s)
Indian Dep'ment.
treaties, &c 1,‘h)0,07T 47 873,110 49
Private (HoU'e)
bill? 37,142 04 37,142 01
Private (Senate)
bills. 19.303 29 19,303 29
Standing appro
priations, <SI int.
on public debt.. 1.5729:XMM 2.450,04? 19
Alassachusetts &
Maine, as per
treaty of Wash
ington..... 303,000 0 )
821,003,784 58 sl7 221,.st)rt 42
I he Van Ruren aiministraiion came in v*n
loud professions of ret rent fit sent, audits expen
ditures for the fust two year? averaged pen an
num, $38,360,237 75.
This administration came into power on the
■>ame professions of economy, and its expendi
tures for the first two years averaged, per an
num, *19,412,841 50.
From which statement, it appear.- that the lat
ter proved itself more sincere in these profes
sions, or wa< more competent to fulfil tl eait.an
the former, during the same term of lira** by
showing a difference, for it? first two years, ol
818,9-47,390 25, or, annually, #9,473,098 !2i.
And the same result, prorata , will be shown
on a comparison with the expenditures of the
last two years of Mr. Van Buren’s administra
tion.
Let the countrv keen ac - in mind .0
the present — Com .4 Jx .
Relief to the states.
LETTER X.
K; m ii>'* Hon W'iuum Cost Johnson lo I ol i ns
CAHI to IX, of Maryland.
Hall of Representatives, )
Washington, Feb. 7, 1843. §
Deak Sir. —lu my la-t letter I presented the
rise and progress at the system of Internal Im
provements by the General Government, and
exhibited the large vote which was given in
favor of the jolicy of voting the general and
miscellaneous revenues of the nation to objects
ol internal improvements and even in copart
nership with the States ami individuals. The
system was popular, and therefore it was sus
tained, North, South. East and West. But ma
ny public men bought that the difficulty of dis
criminating be ween the various applications
for aid from the National Treason, would be
obviated, and a greater equal ity observed in dis
seminating and equalizing the aid of the Gene
ral Government, by so modifying the -*, stem as
to induce the General Government to divide the
revenues of the nation at once am mg me State-,
so that the States should constr: i t such im
provements as they might deem most pro mo
tive olTheir interest, and be-; calenhneu to de
velope their resources.
As early as 182 G Mr. Mali dm Dicker-on had
made a report in the Senate proposing ;o divide
$10,000,000 ot the general revenues annually
among the States, and at a time mo when the
.National s-l.i'-.Ojjai
were many enlightened persons who strongly
concurred in the policy ami wisdom of -uch a
recommendation. Mr. Dickerson was subse
quently'placed in the Cabinet ot Gen. Jackson.
The policy of dividing the National revenues
with discrimination among the States, and the
Satianai benefits which the improvements of the
States separately confer, will be seen in the fol
lowing extract from President Andrew Jack
son's Message to both Houses of Congress, dth
December, 1830;
‘•lt may sometimes happen that the interests
of particular States would not be deemed to co
incide with the general interest in relation to
improvementsTwithin such Stales. But it the
danger to l*e apprehended from this source is
sufficient to require it, a discretion might be re
served to Congress to direct such improvem m
os a general character as the States con ■ i ned
might not be disposed to unite in. the applica
tion of the quotas of those States, under the re
striction of confining to each State the expendi
ture of its appropriate quota, it may. however
be assumed as a safe general rule that -uch im
provements as serve to increase the pr» -perity
of the respective States in which they are made,
by giving new facilities to trade, and thereby
augmenting the wealth and comfort of their in
habitants, constituting the ii re ? mode of con
ferring permanent and sub.'ta ; : : I ad vantages
upon the whole. The strength a- well as die
true glory of the Confedcra . i t uiu-’-d or. the
prosperity and power of th • evera! independent
sovereignties of which it i- Cc nposed, and the
certainty' with which they can ■ brought into
successful active co-operation, thro the agency'
*sf meat.
The revenues cf the nation ba'a.iie redund
ant; how they were to be n-ed, b ■ .one a que. -
lion of fruitful discus-ion. Large : pivpria
tions were made to internal im; ruwments in
every region of the nation, andai ia -t the policy
was adopted to divide the revenue-ol the na
tion, from customs a- well a from the public
lands, among the States; and by one law more
than thirty millions of the general revenues were
divided by a vote almost unprecedented for its
unanimity', which I extract from the journals of
Congress. It wa- passed in the House ol Re
presentative.*, on the 21-t of June, ! <»!». by the
lollow'ing vote :
Yeas —John Quincy Adams, Chilton Allen.
Hemau Allen, Joseph B. Anthony, Win. 11.
Ashley', Jeremiah Bailey, John Bel!. Aum.
Rockee. Win. K. Bond. Ratliff Boon, Nathan
iel B. Bolden, Mathias J. Bovee, Lyman B>.yu,
George N. Briggs, Samuel Bunch, Je *e A. By
num, John Calhoun. Win. B. f.d i itm. Jo m
Carr, Win. B. Carter, Z, a dock Casey. J .im
Chambers, John Chaney, Reuben « tap.nan.
Graham, |H. Chapin, Timothy thoi-j-. N. H.
Claiborne, Wm. Clark, Je— F. < ‘ •. .-mud
Henry W. Connor, Thus. Corwin, Bob-. < hay,
John Cramer, Joseph H. Crane, Caleb Cush
ing, Edward Darlington, Edm I. Deberry. 11.
Denney, Philemon Dickerson tJly— es I". Dou
bleday, George Evans, Hoi ace Evere.t. John B.
Forrester. Samuel Fowler, Richard French, Ja
cob Fry, Jr.. Philo. (*. Fuller, “John Galbraith.
Jas. Gaiianvl, Francis Granger, Seaton Grant
land. Wm. S. Graves. Wm. J. Gra.-on, George,
Grennell, John K. Gritfin, Elisha Haley, Ed
ward A. 1 taimegan, Gideon Hand, Benj. Har
den, James Marian, SamuelS. Harrison, Al
beit G. Harrison, Albert G. Hawes, MhV-ajah
T. Hawkins, Abner Ha? leline, Joseph Header
son, Win. Helster, Samuel Hoar, George W.
Hopkins, Benjamin C. Howard, E!i-!ia How
el, Edward B. Hufcley. Hiram P. Hunt. Adam
Huntsman, Jos. R, Sam’l. Ingham.
Wm. Jackson, Henry' F. Janes, Dan l Jennifer,
Jos. Johnson, Jolm W. .Tone-, knd w. G. J;id
son, Dan’l. Kilgore, Geo. Kinnard, Amos
Lane, John Laporte, Joab Lawler, Abbot Law
rence, Geo. W. Lay, Thos. Lee, Luke Lea.
Stephen B. Leonard, Dixon H. Lewis, Levi
Lincoln, Henry Logan. Thos. ('. Love, Francis
S. Lyon, Job Mann, Jo.-hun L. Martin, Mo-e
Mason, Samson M ison, Wm. L. May, Jona
than McCarty', Wm. AlcComas, Those AV. T.
MeKenaan, Charles F. Mercer, Jesse Miller,
John J. Milligan, Wm. Montgomery, Wm. S.
Morgan. Mathias Morris, Henry A. Muhlen
hurg, Jas. Parker, Wm. Patter-on, John M.
Patton, Dutee J. Pierce, Jas. A. Pearce, Ebe
nezer Pettigrew. Balie Peyton, Lancelot Phelps.
Stephen C. Phillips. Francis W. Pickens, Da
vid Potts. Jr., John Bead, Ab’m. Bencher. Jo-.
Reynolds, Eleazcr W. Ripley, John Boberi-on,
David ih)' -ell. Augustine A. 'Shepperd, Khe
ne/er J. Shields, AN m. N. |Shinii. Win. Slade,
F O. J. Smith. David Spangler, Jesse Speight,
Stand her. Bellamy Storer, Joel B. Suther
land, John Taliaferro. John Thompson, Isaac
Toucey, Joseph B. Inderwood, Samuel F. Vin
ton. David G. Waggener. George C AVa-hing
ton. Taylor AA ebster, John AYidte. Eii.-ha Whit
tlesey. Lewi- AVilliam-, Sh rrod William'—
J>s. Nay's —38.
The vote on its passage th rough the Senate
was as follow.-;
Yeas —Messrs. Bayard Buchanan, Clavton.
Cuthbert. Davis, Ewing ot Ohio, Gold-borough.
Hendricks, Kent, King of Ala.. King of Geor
gia, Litre. Nicholas, Niles. Page, Porter, Pres
ton, Robins, Robinson. Souftiard, Swift. Tom
linson, Wall, Wright—*2l. Nav-—O.
The States conformed to what they were ltd
to believe was the pew policy ot our Go\ em
inent, and in anticipation of it- continued aid,
laid down plans of railroads and canals, and both
of all parties rivalled each other in projecting
intercommunications in the belief that tliev
would develope the resources, and advance tie*
prosperity of their States. This rivalry existed
in most of the States with every unity, and the
Legislatures finally had recourse to their credit.
All parties were willing, if not anxious, to ne
gotiate loans at h v.ne or abroad. From Man -
kind Chief Justice Buehannan. Gen. Emory
ano Mr. Peabody were -em to Europe fin thi
purpose. From Illinois Richard M. Young.
Senator in Congress, Ex-Governor Revnolds,
now in < ‘ongress, Charles Oakley. Gen. Thorn
ton. and others, FuniCommi—ioneis. were sent
to Europe, and negotiated loans.
Then the system of State improvement;; w a
- favor, and all were v illing to give their ait!
in establi-hmg the debt, and pledging the faith
ot their Stales, as well a- their own high posi
tion of character for the faithful fulfilment of thv
coutracts which they made. But the police (if
the term is not mis-applied; for the ever-shifting
course ol the National Government hardlv mer
its the name) again changed, and so impercep
tibly was it affected, that it- fatal influence was
onlv realized by the States when they tound
themselves overwhelmed in debt, and the sour
ce- of National revenue greatly exhausted by
the abandonment by Cougie-s of the exercise of
its power over revenue. From the foundation
~p the <to . ernm*oii tea ana codec baa been a
• oiuce ol revenue; but in 18320 i 1833 tae m
tie- were removed—To benefit the consumei ’
No. But as revenue was more abundant than
the wants of the Government required, the du
ties were removed to benefit the '1 arid interest.
Bv letting the duties remain on article- which
came into competition with domestintroduction
and the sliding and declining scale oTcluties by
the Compromise Act, the duties gradually les
sened. Increased importation ensued, and the
political duties which confused the cuirency,
ending in results which we are all now expe
riencing.
It is very foreign trom my purpose to enquire
what persons or what party did most or least in
producing these results. I only allude to the past
in order to understand the future and to act for the
present—to show that if the States have erieF
-o has the National Government; and that the
dear-bought experience which we have will
make the States more prudent in the iuture,
without the necessity of destroying the scanty
powers w hich they have not a- yet surrendered
to the Government. 1 may add that in 1790 the
debt" >f the States of South Carolina, Massacliu -
-cit- and Virginia were larger than those oi any
other States.
Thev were the foremost in advocating then
a—umption bv the General Government; and
the knowledge”of the inconvenience of great in
debtedness has taught them prudence since; and
mote than fifty., year** will have re lied around fee-,
rereine State- now indebted will allow theni
-elves to be involved again, it now relieved. 1
exhibit the past in the hope that those who at first
and at last advocated internal improvements
bv the co-operation of the Government, those
who advocated the di-tribution of the surplus
revenue, those who advocated the reduction of
the National revenues, and those who advocated
the sv-icm.- of State improvements, will not on
h* see the necessity for the relief 1 propose; but
w ill advance boldly forward in the ranks of the
people, tolend their aid in support ot a measure
v.-ld' h their course lias rendered necessary, and
their act- have made indispensable, as well “for
the character ol the Government itself as tor the
Siates. and a tax-paying and suftering people.
The joint and concurrent action oi persons of
ail parties produced the present embarrassments,
distress and oppression of all political parties,
the which persons of all parties and all pursuits
A -,;H reel uiie common interest in having re
moved by one common and united exertion.
!; i-too late to dispute who did most to pro
do e the debts Lei the emulation be in a spir
it of lofty patriotism w ho can do most to relieve,
v, honorable means, the whole nation trom the
load of direct taxation, and the States from the
d-dinqitency which blur- lm a tine their lair
name, i will now make a practicable ttemon
• tration of how much more tne nation loses in
v old: ety year by the present state of things,
ki an i jM-ojio.-e it -hall divide into stocks.
In my address I estimate the whole traffic oi
the naii >n to sl-100,000,000 annually; and a de
preciation of value in diminished prices or bad
. mreiK \. or both cases of twenty percent, would
.♦.'•dibit an annual loss
wealtii «>! $280,000,000. Thus in reality the na
i ion Ki-e- a vacuum of wealth in exchange or bar
ter im»re than the amount which 1 propose that the
Government -hall issue in bonds. —But this is
not the only loss, nor is it the greatest which the
nation i- continually experiencing. The loss in
depreciation of property,(as distinguished from
production.) which should be of the most stab.e
value, i- far greater. An example and calcula
tion w ill best illustrate the fac*. \\ hen the Leg
islature pa-sed a law to levy direct taxe- upon
ihr- pro pert}' ot the Suite to meet the interest up
on it- debt, the Legislature computed the prop
mi v-1 the State to be worth S3UO.i»X) : (H)O.
i'hejaw was pas-* J in 1811, and w hen the
a-se.-Miicnt was mare the whole taxable prop
mv w - estimated to I eonlv woiih SI9.')JKK),(MKt.
Tia- taxes levied was consequently inadequate
to m the interest; but such has been the de
predate at ol propeity since, that within a few
e.lis Piinee George's county has reduced, by
lie; .-(iminissiimer-. I fur- taxable rate of her prop
eit .. one-third. The decline in value has t>eei)
equal tnrer all the State, which wouhl make a
re luction oi'the property ol Maryland in Value oi
(XX),000, making a redacti <.ll in value ol
$17»VO(K).00 > b 1 iff t*iS e-;imnte of the Legi-la
in ic at the time of pa-ring ihe direct tax law.
But cstimarimr the . ecline in value at but
(kX),ooo.(though I believe that the decline in the
value i>l pn.perty has been much greater in most
ot the We.-tern States,) nd that it has fallen in
value :U the same rate throughout the nation, it
i- easy to compute the aggregate loss of national
wealth,
Maryland will have six representatives in the
next Gongress. The decline of p.ae ty then
has been at the rate in Maryland of 10,K33.000
tor each district. —There w ill be *223 Congres
sional districts, and rating the wealth ofeach as
euual, and the decline in properlv the same all
over the L nion, we have the amount of depreci
ation which ha- already taken place in two or
three year- to he $2,232,459,000. And this has
occurred when most of the States that are in
(Jchtc ! have not levied taxes enough to meet the
accruing interest. How* much greater would it
be if the States were to increase the taxes, can
be i-a lily imagined, although figures can hard
ly reckon its magnitude.
Brev.hat has been the decline in sdf-ie-pecl,
in individual happiness, no human being can
e-timate. The amount of untold suffering and
the wide-spread ruin oi t u mines, the agonized
mi-cries ot the hankiiipi millions, should awa
ken the sympathie i»t tiie nm-t frigid legisla
tors. And ! we ha vd not reached tlieen h Thou
sands and hundreds of thousands who w ere at
ea-e and . > , (binable a few years ago, and who
have thus far weathered the storm, w ith the de
cline in the price of properly, and scarcity ol
money, w ill find that their whole property w ill
iK>t pa\ their outstanding debts, although those
debt' may he but one-third of the intrinsic value
ol rheii pioperty. AVhilst on the other hand in
tbrty-eiglr hours alter the passage ol the mea
-uie wliii'h I recommend, there would be an ap
j.iv n non oi property, an improvement in wa
ge-. and an elasticity and activity ol business,
m consequence of the restoration of confidence’
that would .-peed mi the nation and the people
t<» wealth and piu-perire in an amount which
the skill <d figures could not oompuie.
/'> !/• ( ii/ii ' iiit. /t
From Montevideo.
I he N. York Commercial Advertiser of the
l*th in-t. says—By the barque Adaria, arrived
this morning, we have a tile of theJornaldo
Com ere 10, ot Rio Janeiro, to the 19th of Janu
;o v it) giapeingover the paper*, at a very late
hour, we find .only the.-e paragraphs, from Mon -
tevi lea, dated December 29th.
b.ciL Ko-S has mace no reply to the demand
ol ih • Ft:li■ ri and Fiend: Ministers (that the
war with the ( hiental Republic should cease)-
ueveviholc- ( icn. Oiibe was still i„ rhe province
ol Entre Rios, and a hotly ofooo men which he
had ordered to Salto ha- repas-e.l the Uruguay,
-o that there was not a single Argentine so!die>’
within the (hiental Sra;e at ihe last advices
(icn. Rivera was at the R|o Negp,, |Tiqrgapi .
-!iighi>- shattered loroes. Gen. i a.i (wish the
reserve) had hi- head quarter- at Molino. near
Montevideo.
The Jomal :.ys it rumored that ihorom
ll,c h-i hiVh stjuadroti at Rio wa* SOCB
u. -ail lor Montevideo i.i the Irljaie Alfred
' ai l ' l "‘ Tr u auh ‘ Adario, .ays i, was
I:’-''"' »' Kw "‘f »" «h» Ministers of the
biczdian hmperor had resigned-probahly on
°[ ,h - dls Pl«*meM of the President ol
'■°“ e of Ministers being his ko
r ' ?' a “ T - ®*' nomet for ,|,e (i, s t
t...,e . u theoth lu-iain, lat. 29, | uß
The Comet. —Pt‘C Grenville & CoS. adver
fisrmeni. '
‘Thf Josks Family."—The notice of this
imeresting family which appeared in yesterday’*
paper should have been credited 10 the New
< nleans -Tropic. ;
commimcatkd.
Mr, Editor —In withdrawing my name as a
candidate for Council, announced this morning,
allow mo to make an explanation due to raysilf
and friends. Many weeks since, in company
with friends political and person aI, I was soli
cited to become a candidate for Council, and 1
consented. Two days since, one «»f those friends
declared his intention of announcing my name,
u> which I objected not —not 'mowing that the
\i%iv party hod, nountuiied then' three c<<vaioides
f,>r the Word. On learning this. 1 determined
that my name should not be mentioned; and
lust night had reason to believe it would not
he announced this morniug, and an opportunity
would be afforded me to-day to forbid it.
1 am your obedient servant,
L. I>. FORD.
- im
Mesmeric Experiments. —The Charleston
Courier of yesterday says:—A Iriendin tlie iu
erior of lire State, w rites thus, under date of the
;Uhh i list., of his progress in Mesmerism:
-I can now paralyze the arms and leave them
so after the subject airakes, without any power to
move them, unlesss 1 remove the influence.
• I can paralyze the arm of a susceptible pa
tient while intake, -o as to make the muscles rig
id and insensible to pain.
“1 have tried some curious experiments with
the out "net, which produces v ery powerful effects
on the subject mesmerized —the south pole pro
ducing pain and the relieving it. The
phenomena of mesmerizm vary much in differ
ent individuals —and some patients shew influ
ences which others do not. Gen. A has
mesmerized many, but no one has shewed any
sympathy with him as to pain inflicted on him—
and yet he orders one of them about by the will
without speaking.
“ You must watch them after frequent ex
periments and deepen the sleep occasional
ly by your will and speaking to them, or they
n ay wake up accidentally when you do not ex
pect it. I put a girl into the sleep, a few evenings
ago. and strew ea many experiments. I then put
her in a chair aside to -leep until 1 exhibited
another case. While 1 was engaged with the
other her sleep terminated, and prevented my
, trying several experiments, which I wished to
do with the two, as dancing together, &c.”
Horr-ble.—We understand that a man by
the name of Du k Stewart, living at Cypress
•flr." !.1» :ITk'a"l.s!^mTpSoi- ' wX£"
chopper, who came to his house for a night’s
shelter, and turned his dogs upon his carcase to
devour it. His motive fur this brutal act was
revenge for some other woodchoppers having
stolen one of his negroes. A reward of £I.OOO
has been offered for the apprehension of the
murderer. The intelligence of this horrid affair
was brought here yesterday, by the steamboat
Somerriilc. The details are too dreadful for re
hearsal, and evince a degree of ferocity and bar
barism almost impossible of belief.-.YcV Orleans
B.
(jrr poodr arc of the Baltimore Patriot.
Washington. Match 10. 1m43.
< -*ne of those instructive French writers who
describe so vividly the stale of society In Paris
during the splendid days of the Emperor, Na
poleon, gives an amusing account of what the
Government's notions oi the liberty of the Press
were at that period. The Minister told him
with a flourish about free*loin, and humanity,
and reason, that he might publish anything,
provided he did not write against ihe dignitv
Hi > stability of the Gov cinmcm. The author
was delighted; for enemy as lie was to corrup
tion and oppression. he was sincerely attached
to the institutions of his country, and desired
nothing so much as to see them truly invigora
ted and supported. Bui when he applied to the
publishers with his manuscripts, he found that
'his little prov iso— ‘ that he should write noth
ing against the Government”—included every
thing which the most arbitrary Minister could
desire, and excluded practically all freedom of
thought and exj ression. Our rulers at Wash
ngtun appear to have taken a lesson from the
imperor, in their p.rar deal lolotaimn of j oliti
al sentiments among their subordinates, Mr.
f'yler proclaimed, at die outset, that the largest
liberty in this respect should be allowed and
maintained. But we now see that if an officer,
is not openly and a vowed I v favorable to contin
uing Lira in the station of Chief Magistrate for
another teim,he is immediately set down as an
enemy of the Administration.
The President s first address to the People
concurred with the Circular issued by Mr
W ebster, under the direction of Gen. Harrison
which provided that the office holders should not
interfere in elections at all. The practical in
terpretation of this, however, is that they mist
nor interfere in favor of any one—but the Pres
uu n: and his peculiar friends—there, the utmost
i a ll nt<ii■ is allowed w hile not to take a part in
actively forming and strengthening the “Tyler
p.artv —not to join in the organization of clubs
nA coinmiitees, to aid in getting up meetings
humutt" the people into the idea that “ihe De
mocracy are coming with a rush —is held as a
decided -interference., and, r.s such, opposed to
the wishes of the Government, and atlbCim*
;nsi cause lor removal!
An,l while all this substantial proscription is
gomsr on our rulers and their newspaper organs
can indulge, like the Minister abovl Lntiimol
m flourishes about freedom, toleration, non-in
terference. &c. Arc.
The ruraorsi I gave you yesterday aUm con
umplated changes m the Baltimore r U su,m
House are not confirmed to-day; but neither are
they disproved. 11 they were started by
one W hose wish was father to the thought it
w hiKi not he the first instance of such a con
uiv auee to bung about such an arrangement
msuod by persons in high station. |f a partic
nbti luctionarv wishes a son-in-lnn- •. re
a.ior. 'le.k- forl.is ovvu eimlienee or
'' s 'A'e ot the salary, he might throw out cer
o,i dttsasjirhrsf and the echo of them re
the press will familiarize the subject and as
he Prf a !’ 01 " °ri«>'i>>n;iy lor introducing it u,
the P e-.td.-nt, or the members „f lhe Cabine
,iL ‘ ,!,iecf ' s fr lhat ' s all that is needed in'
1 tu ae-Ni-nplislt the object.
- -inong th,o>c whose disinterested triendshin
wnrdct ,n " Adlninis ' , ration have l.een rc
l»\ moneyed offices, js Albert
d-e ■7 k "T,”.''l ,he Tw«tty-Si_vth Congress.
obondie i c™" ¥““• This comfortable
. ‘ B r? e ,a ‘ Commissioner under the w as i,
aiiSi
X^■Si* e „ir V T W he ,Cle ''-
«>> Vice President dtv 'i, ™ S 1 *'
»•» • share o. mJSSfaffZ
irtei oT"' i.
an I M " Tvlcr ”
e-hdliintereste.^^^L^C^'lS
bo'tc Me*? “r
mrcuent from malignant assailants t e,n a
prostrate flatterers. Thev rrmin t l ° r \ most
ci ntpoet who, when celebratin® of thean
at the animals thm CT 1
25ai “ Sl *- *«-' • g>udge. tTs
but when a pi ice was r iv _
“ a '
L "’KEt ;>
“Am honest Confession is go J f
To our shame l»e it snok-^,,
the multitude of Bodes that hfr ''
wealth —institutions more ,1
else, have contributed to de» la l h 0 sr n >
embarrass the finances an 1 i“ e re piiia.
prospects of
Dcmof ratio L a tsUthms! \y r i ,h * lr
professing Democrats in bnuh Ho» ‘
Banks can do a> they plea<e -till'
privileges they please, conform I‘‘^t«?
impunity, jn>i such laws as thJ-V r v
managers make it a boast that A P *' asp . ’tC'
buy over enough Democrat i 0 P- f ' an
secure the passage of any bill xrS “ I,er N
them to originate. —Spirit „fUu T !t
This is, beyond question
vast monopolies whether crcnic, i ' All
al or State Lc a isla,„rc;ha,“tS ,b ' : K
the party which calls itself [w
the wolf in the fable, they
themselves, and then make h a ' '5 e %
rel with the innocent, that it
build up and break down *
—the love ol lucre; and ue reioicp 3
there are those among them wh.. r 1,15,1 h.
ing all lhe hypocritical cam a!.„„ !|“
the Uw “‘ft
real Bank party—that they have.
most every one or the multitude..i
that they have done this, not fioi n
because they were corrupted and CTH
A precious set ate these Locrioc .!' 1 i 04 t
to their own accounts.— PhUaddp* , 7
I'rom the Baltimore
Photogenic Drawiiig-i miM . t '
An English gentleman, Henry p OvT ,
Esq., a Fellow of the Royal Society,
ed as a mathematician and
has made some important improvement
art of photogenic draw intr it Srr . “
, , a rpcd!< Hj.
attention was devoted to the subject be
thing was known of Daguerre’sdhcov?"
January, 1839, some months before the dlj
sure of the inventions and methods ©I the fvl
philosopher, a paper was read by Mr.
to the Royal Society, entitled, -p uhie . (|
of the art of Photogenic Drawing
by which natural objects may be
linearc themselves without the aid of the
pencil.” The Edinburgh Review, in J
this statement, says“We mention ; /
not for the purpose of claiming f or OU r cooaj
man any priority in reference to k
merely to show that his labors, whatever
gy there may be between them, were wholJra
’ Tieyi*iffeHl'ol'rtßjs^f^V'FTench'PMk)f 0
The English inquirer made it his ;
obtain a paper that should Ie in a highd®*
sensitive to tight, and by repeated experia-ens
he has discovered a method of making a»
face so sensitive that w ith a carneia. wUel®
is one inch in diameter, and focal lengthtiltea
inches, a picture of eight or nine inches square
may be taken in ten seconds. Theinvettotb
given this new mode the name of Calolyp. $
he has secured his invention by a patent h
following description of the process will bead
with interest;
In order' to obtain a /ugotn - picture.(twfc.
and by far the most inq ortant pert of tbe (a
cess.) or one in which the lights are eadria
the shades light, take pa pet with a ‘tmluur
taf-e and close texture: maik onesideffaXuti
a pencil cross, and by a camel .s bait Lmslind
the marked side with a solution ofJMgraifcfi
nitrate of silver in six ounces ofdbtilkd water.
Af'i r having been camiou.sh dried, it isimoet
seii for a lew minutes in a solution'of iww*.
polo:esiuoi. consisting of 500 grains in onepiita
dFlilled water. r l’he pajier when taken cut is
dipped in water, and dried by blotting
and heat gently applied, or it may hedikcspE
raucously after it comes from the bloiting-fijH
I his operation i- carried on in candle light,at
the pa| ei thus prepared iscalieil unsized pafer
Jt is insensible to light, and will keep lor tit
length of time vv iihout sjoiling.
W hen this j-arcr is tequired for use. a she
is washed with e camel’s Jiair htush un ifceote
side, with the following.solution: To asolutkß
°f riff grains of oil rote of silver, in Iru nuift f!
distiile.t watei, add mtr-ihird of its vulumeoi
strong areiir mid ; then dissolve aMtiallqua&ij
ty of crystal i/ed gallic and in tiidiUft! vatff;
and mix the two solutions togetherinequalja
portions ; but in no greater qur.mitv than Btf
quireci for immediate use. lor it will not keep
long. This mixture is called soHa-nit'd j
nicer, and is to be applied with the IffLf ct a
caudle; and alter allowing the paper toreaiaia
hall a minute to absotb the galli nitrate‘l
ver, it should be dipped in distilled water, 'd
dried lightly first w ith blotting-paper, andurb
l>\ means ol a fire, holding the paper at a ecu
sidei able distance irom h. ' The paper t» w
use when thus dried, and should k-usedwito
a few hours.
Mr. Talbot calls this paper eeldif*
and it is now placed in the camera oWura, B
receive on its .-urface a distinct imageoi
landscape or person tole draw u; no light a
ing allowed to fall upon the paper till it* SB i “ !T
is exposed to the image which it i>
T he time ol impressing the paper with tn i *'-
ibh image, varies from Un sfomJs losevenl»
times, according to the integrity of the 1 ight
the light «»| a summer sun from ten to filfr
onus will be sufficient; but when the sub i' l
stlung two or thjve minutes in suunnff
cessarv.
hen the jiaper is removedlionr
in carit.ile light of course, tlicit- is genersdyt' 1 ".
ing visible upon its surface; but by ua-ti |f! -’’
all over by a camel’s hair! tush, with the g*
nit r ait uj sit err, and holding it belure a ,
hre, the picture will soon begin to ‘‘A
the most It s: irons pans of the real ohj e f ,,l j‘
in its picture, be brown or 1 lack, white tne g
er parts remain white. When the p'f ure .,
su ihciemly distinct, it must then be fixed, ?0
it will nc t be further acted upon by the stroV,
light. For this purpose, it must befits rim'
m water, then partly dried by
and. afterwards washed w ith a s lotion
" ‘ 'it p •torsiunt, consisting of 100 gtai lls
salt. dis.M>l red in eight or ten ounces of
or 111 place of this, it mav be dipped in 3 ‘‘y
solution of common salt. The picture »( ■
hxed, and must be finally w t'shed vnln' u ‘
and dneil as before by blotting-paper.
AS hen a lupain c picture* has thus
tailied, many positive ones may betaken
it in the following manner; Take a r
goad paper, and having dipped it lei' a ,
or so ir, a solulian of common salt (.m 1 ' 1 ' r ,y.
one part of a satured solution toefehtp*
water, dry it first in blotting paper, rU ’- ! a
s|K»ntanedvsly. Wash one of it s sidc> ( 1
previously marked that side) with a 501,11 - d
nitrate of silver, consisiing of eighty
that salt dissolved in one ounce ol dbtdl .
ter. Allow this to dry, and then place t r *H *.
with its marked >ide upward upon al ri ai it»
Above it place the negative picture, fck , K
put a plate ol glass above, 'then ptessW**,
goilicr by screws or othenviie, and ejp°^ e
to the light of the sun. In ten of iltu« u ‘ f ,„ r
ol blight sunshine, or in several irony* ‘' .
m. u daylight, a positive arm beauufu* i
will i c found (>n the paper beneath **rc
picture, in which the lights and
no.y cotreoted. This picture, after 1 iM P®
•hi in w ater and then dried, is fixed by ' r
• i over with the solution of b/onude <t / _ . tri r!
above mentioned, or by dipping ir ,n a ’
elution vd' common salt. i 64
In the oulmary Daguerreotype uiim akUl