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From the Democratic Review.
Marshal Ney.
Nothing is more unfortunate fora great man,
than to be born beside a greater and walk du
ring life-time in his shadow. It is equally un
fortunate to be great only in one department
that is still better filled by another. Had Shaks
peare not lived Massinger might have stood at
the head of English dramatists, and had Altieri
kept silent a host of writers now almost un
known would have occupied the Italian stage.
Had it not been for Caesar, Brutus might have
ruled the world ; and were it not for Bonaparte
many a French general would occupy a sepa
rate place in that history of which they arc now
only transient figures. Great men like birds
seem to come in flocks, and yet but one stands
as the representative of his age. The peak
which first catches the sunlight is crowned mon
arch of the hills, and the rest, however lofty,
are but his body-guard. Much injustice has
been done to Bonaparte’s generals by not al
lowing tor the influence of this principle.—
There is scarcely a historian that will allow to
such men as Lannes, Davoust, Murat and Ney,
any dominant quality except bravery. Under
the guiding intellect of Napoleon they fought
bravelv, but if they had been left to their own
resources would have miserably failed. Yet
the simple truth is, being compelled by their re
lative position to let another plan lor them, they
could do little else than execute orders. A de
pendent mind is cramped and confined, and can
exhibit its power only by the force and vigor
with which it executes rather than forms plans.
The times were well calculated to produce
such men as Bonaparte gathered round him,
A revolution by its upturnings brings to the sur
face materials, of the existence of which no
man dreamed before. Circumstances make
men, who then usually return the compliment
and make circumstances,
Bonaparte—himstll sprung from the middle
class of society—elected men to lead his armies
from their personal qualities alone. Dukes and
princes headed the allied armies, while men
headed the battalions of France. Bonaparte
judged men by what they could do, and not by
their genealogy. He looked not at the decora
tions that adorned the breast, but the deeds that
stamped the warrior—not at the learning that
made the perfect tactician, but the real practical
force that wrought out great achievements.—
Victorious battle fields were to him the birth
place of titles and the commencement of gene
alogies; and stars were hung on scarred and
war-battered, raiher than noble breasts. Napo
leon had learned the truth taught in every phy
sical or moral revolution, that the great effective
moulding characters of our race always spring
from the middle and lower classes. All reform
ers als » start there and they always must, for
not only is their sight clearer and their judg
ment imwe just, but their earnest language is
adapted to the thoughts and sympathies ot the
many. Those men also who rise to power
through themselves alone, feel it is by them
selves alone they must stand, hence the impell
ing motive is not so much greatness to be won,
as the choice between it and their original noth
ingness. Bonaparte was aware of this, and of
all his generals who have gone down to immer
, tality with him, how few were taken from the
upper classes. Augereau was the son of a gro
cer. Bernadette ot an attorney, and both com
menced their career as private soldiers. Ber
tbier, Bossieres, St. Cyr, Jourdan, and the fiery
Junot, all entered the at my as privates. Kleber
was an architect, the impetuous Lannes the son
of a poor mechanic; Letevre, Loison and the
bold Scotchman Macdonald were all of humble
parentage. The victorious Massena was an
orphan sailor boy, and the reckless, chivalric
Murat the son of a country landlord.
Victor, Suchet, Oudinot, and the stern and
steady Soult, were each and all of humble ori
gin, and commenced their ascent from the low
est step of fame’s ladder. And last ot all Net,
the “ Bravest ot the Brave,” was the son of a
poor tradesman ot Sarre Louis. He was born
in 1770, and at the age rt thirteen became a no
tary of the village. The stirring events pass
ing around him inflamed his youthful imagina
tion, and at the age ot seventeen he entered the
army as a hussar, and commenced his military
career. We do not design to follow him through
all his history, but to select out those acts which
illustrate the great and striking qualities he
possessed. His air and bearing stamped him
as a soldier, and made him trom the first a great
favorite in his corps. Being selected by them
to challenge the fencing master of another regi
ment, for some real or supposed insult, he gladly
undertook the commission. The day was ap
pointed to settle the difficuby, but just as the
combatants had crossed their sabres, they were
arrested by their officers and thrown into prison.
As soon, however, as young Ney was released,
he renewed the quarrel, and having met his an
tagonist in a secret place, fought and wounded
him in the hand, so that he was unable to prac
tise his profession, and was consequently redu
ced to poverty. Ney did not forget him in the
dav of his greatness, and settled on the poor
fencing master a pension for life. In 1793, he
was promoted for his bravery and skill, and the
next year, being then twenty-four years ot age,
he was presented with a company. General
Kleber having noticed his admirable qualities,
placed him at the head of a corps composed of
ave hundred partisans, who received no pay
and lived on plunder. It was their duty to re
connoitre the enemy’s position and cut off their
convoys, which exposed them to many hair
breadth escapes, and adyentures exceeding even
those of romance. Young Ney being resolved
on promotion, brought to this perilous service
all his mental and physical powers. His iron
will seemed to compensate tor the loss of sleep
and food and rest. Daunted by no danger, ex
hausted by no toil, caught by no stratagem, he
acquired at the head ot this bo.'d band of warri
ors the sobriquet ot the “ Indefatigable.” Three
Jears after lie found occasion to distinguish
imselfinthe engagements ot Dierdort, Alten
kirchen, Montabour. With one hundred cav
alry he took tiro thousand prisoners and obtain
ed possession ot Wurtzberg. He led two col
umns straight into the rivei, and forcing the op-
Eositc banks, though lined with cannon, made
imselt master ot Forshelm. For these ex
ploits he was appointed generator a brigade.—
At the battle of Neuwied he had charge of the
cavalry, and in a desperate charge passed en
tirely through the Austrian lines; but being
surrounded by a superior force he was com
pelled to retreat, and his horse having fallen
under him, he was taken prisoner. Having
been liberated by exchange, he was raised to the
rank of general ot division. For awhile after
the peace of Leoben, he remained in Paris, and
having joined the Clichian party became en
tangled in politics. But the commencement of
hostilities in 1799, found Ney again in the field
ot battle, struggling with the allied forces on
the banks of the Rhine. Here occurred one of
those adventures that belong rather to the period
ot romance, than lo the practical history ot our
times. The Rhine flowed betv.een him and ihe
city of Manheim, which wasstrongly garrison
ed and filled with scores of every kind. It was
a matter ot much discussion how this key of
Germany should betaken. The generals ot the
army met in Irequent consultation, on the best
mode of attacking it. Ney, in the meantime,
thinking it could be better taken by surprise,
resolved to visit it, in disguise, and ascertain its
weak points. So, one evening assuming the
garb of a peasant, he entered the city, and, alter
satisfying himself as lo the best mode ol atiack,
returned. Selecting a hundred and fitly brave
men, he re-crossed the river at eight in the eve
ning, and at eleven made a furious assault on
ihe outposts. A portion of the garrison having
made a sally he repulsed them, and following
hard after the fugitives entered the town with
them, and alter a short but desperate engage
ment captured it. This fixed his rising fame.
At Worms, and Frankenihal, and Frankfort,
and Stultgard, and Zurich, he maintained the
character he had gained. In 1802, we find him
again in Paris, holding ihe office of inspector
general of cavalry. He there married Mademoi
selle Augne, an intimate friend of Honensia
Beauharnois. Bonaparte presented him at the
nuptials with a magnificent Egyptian sabre,
which eventually cost the bold marshal his life.
In 1803, he was sent as Minister Plenipotentia
ry into Switzerland, where he exhibited those
higher qualities of justice and kindness so uni
formly, that the Swiss Cantons presented him
with a medal departure. The next year
Bonaparte made him a Marshal. The year
following this, he was created Duke of Elchin
een, in honor of the battle he there fought. In
the campaigns ot 1808-7, he reached the height
of his fame and power, and ever after Bona
parte regarded him as one of the strongest pil
lars of his power.
The three great distinguishing characteristics
of Ney were great personal bra very ,«al most un
paralleled coolness in the hour of peril, and an
excellent judgment. In the first two, all writers
are agreed, while the last is not generally con
ceded to him. No man can deny he was brave,
for there can be no appeal from the decision ot
an army of heroes, who named him “ bravest of
the brave.” Such a distinction among the men,
and in the times he lived, was not won by or
dinary actions. In an army where Davoust,
Junot, Macdonald, Murat and Lannes, com
manded, to be crowned “bravest of the brave,”
was the highest honor a military chieftain could
desire. But his- courage was not the rashness of
headlong excitement, like that of Junot and Mu
rat. The enthusiasm born in the hour of battle
amid the tossing of plumes, the tramping of the
host, the shout of trumpets and roar of cannon,
has always been found sufficient to hurl men
into any scene of horror or petil. Junot could
coolly sit and write to Bonaparte’s dictation,
whi'e the shot whistled around him, and laugh
ingly shake the paperas a cannon ball ploughing
past him threw the dirt over it; with the excla
mation “This is lucky, I shall have no reed of
sand.” Murat could ride on his magnificent
steed up to a whole company of Cossacks, and
disperse them by a single wave of the hand.
Davoust could forage like the lion mid the foe
at Montibello, while the cannon shut wasted so
awfully around him, that he himself said alter
ward, “ I could hear the bones crash in my di
vision like hail-stones against a window,” Yet
each of these was hut one among a thousand
heroic acts, and gained lor their authors no such
title as that given to Ney. There was a reason
for this. It was a heroism called forth by sud
den emei gencies, such as the commonest soldier
often exhibits in the heat of b?ltle. Ney’s
courage was something more than all this. It
dared just as much without the least apparent
excitement. His thoughts were just as clear,
and his eye as quiet amid the falling ranks, as
it he were standing on some far observatory and
looking over the scene of slaughter. He would
stand almost within the blaze of two hundred
cannon, and while his horses were sinking under
him, his guard failing around hiqi, and whole
companies melting like frost-work before his
eyes, give orders as calmly as though manoeu
vering at a grand review. Il was his wonderful,
almost marble calmness in the most sudden and
extremes! danger, that struck even heroes with
astonishment. He would stand within musket
shot of a most terrific and hotly worked battery,
and while the storm of bullets swept where he
stood, eye all its operations, and scan its assail
able points with imperturbable quietness. The
fierce shock of cavalry, and the terrific charge
of English bayonets, could not for one moment
divert his gaze, or disturb the clear and natural
operations of his mind. The alarming cry
through his own ranks, “ S'auve qui pent” or the
full belief that all lost, could no* shake his
rock-fast steadiness. One would have thought
him a marble-man, strung with no ordinary
nerves, had they not seen him in a desperate
charge. Then his eye glanced like an eagle’s,
and with his form towering amid the smoke ot
battle and flash ot sabres, he seemed an em
bodied hurricane sweeping over the field. Much
ot this doubtless was constitutional, and much
was owing to the wonderful power of mental
concentration. He could literally shut up his
mind to the one subject he had in view. The
overthrow ot the enemy absorbed every though)
within him, and he had none to give to danger
or death. Where he placed his mind he held
it, and not all the uproar and confusion of battle
could divert it. He would not allow himselt to
see anything else, and hence he was almost as
insensible to the danger around him, as a deal
and dumb and blind man would have been. He
himself once expressed the true secret ot his
calmness, when after one of these exhibitions of
composure, amid the most awful carnage, one
of his officers asked him if he never felt fear, he
replied, “ I never had time,” This was another
way of saying that fear and danger had nothing
to do with the object before him, and therefore
he would not suffer his thoughts to rest on them
for a single moment. It would not require much
“time” we should think, to see the danger ol
marching straight into the flash ol a hundred
cannon, or to feel a thrill ot terror, as the last
discharge left him almost alone, amid his dead
and dying guard. * But he had trained his mind
not to see these things for the time being. This
devotion and concentration of ail his powers,
gave him great advantage in moments of peril,
and when the fate of a battle was turning on a
single thought. Where other men would be
come confused in the confusion around them, he
was as clear as ever, and hence was able fre
quently lo redeem everything, when everything
seemed lost. He would not be bent, and in the
last extremity, rallied like a dying man lor a
final blow, then planted it where the clearest
practical wisdom would have done. His tena
city of resolution was equal to his bravery. He
disputed every inch he yielded, as if it were his
last hope, and fought on the threshold of the next
as if that were but the commencement of the
struggle. So in encountering obstacles in the
execution of any plan he had formed, he would
scarcely admit their existence, and seemed to
think he could wring the decree against him out
of the iron hand ot late itself. These qualities
rendered him an invaluable ally to Bonaparte
in his great battles. Standing in his observatory,
and looking over the conflict, Napoleon often
saw where the whole issue turned on a single
point. Such a column must be shaken—such a
place in the lines broken or a certain battery
carried, or the day was lost. On such missions
he always sent Ney, knowing if human skill
and valor could avail, It would be done. When
he saw him start with his column and move
down towards the spot where the fate of the bat
tle was vibrating, his countenance always wore
a complacent look. Again and again, did he
fling his cro'x n and France into Key’s keeping,
and that of his legion; and almost without fear,
see them borne on into the smoke of battle.
The bold Marshal never disappointed him, and
it wa* for this reason Bonaparte placed his
throne and empire into bis hands, and saw them
both go down in the last charge of the Old
Guard at Waterloo. Even here Ney would
have saved his master, if bravery and devotion
could have done it.
During the whole campaign of 1806-7, Ney
' ... " . jL.-rgc
moves before us as some heio of former age*. I
We see him at Jena, when tome on by his im
petuous courage, he charged and took a battery,
and the next instant found himself surrounded
by an army that no other man would havethought
of resisting. But though hemmed in, and appa
rently overwhelmed, instead of yielding, as pru
dence itself seemed to dictate, he immediately
formed his men into squares and kept up such a
lolling, devouring fire, on every side, that the'
headlong masses fell by hundreds at every dis
charge. Bonaparte, seeing the imminent peril of
his brave marshal, detached Bertrand with seve
ral regiments of horse to his relief No sooner
was he extricated than he unrolled his men
again into column, and with a arm and rapid
step ascended the hill on which Vietzehn Heili
gen stood, and after a fierce conflict, took it.
This was the centre ol the enemy’s position,
and Napoleon saw Irom a distance with delight
his favorite marshall in the heart olthe Prussian
lines. Repulsing for awhile with prodigious
slaughter every attempt of the enemy to regain
it, he again unrolled his column and marched
through a most devouring fire, straight on the
Prussian’s right. The tempestot musketry and
grape through which he advanced, drove like a
storm of sleet in the lace of his men, but nothing
could resist his impetuous cha ge, and the right
line of the allies was swept away. Around the
walls of Erlort and Magdeburg—crossing the
Vistula—at the terrible battle of Soldau —anni-
hilating a Russian corps at Deppen, at Gustadl
and Amskerdorfif—he is the same calm, deter
mined and terrible man. In the picture our
imagination draws, of the battle ot Friedland ;
Ney always occupies the foreground. There,
as usual he was appointed to commence the
action. The engagements with detached corps
had ceased, and both armies were drawn up in
battle array. For several hours there had been
no firing, and it being now lour o’clock, the
Russian general supposed there would be no
engagement till morning. But at five o’clock,
the sudden discharge of twenty cannon from the
French centre, the signal of attack, announced
to the Russian army that the day was to end in
blood. They were ordered to stand to their arms,
and the next moment the head ol Ney’s mighty
column was seen to emerge from the wood be
hind Posthenen and stretch ilselt like a huge
anaconda out into the open field. In close array
and quick time it moved straight upon Friedlancl.
5 The sun was stooping to the western horizon as
if halting from the scene ot carnage about to
open—yet his departing light gave new splendor
to the magnificentarray. A forest of glittering
steel seemed moving o' r er the field. From the
steeples and towers'of Friedland the countless
thousands of those that still remained in the
wood were visible. But all eyes were directed
on Ney and hts magnificent column, that, cross
ing: the field at a rapid step, scattered like a
whirlwind everything that opposed their pro
gress, Whole regiments of cavalry and Cos
sacks, the chasseuts of the guard, militia and
all went down, or were driven before the tide
like movement of that column. On every side
were seen flying horsemen and scailered infan
try. The other divisions now advanced to the
attack, but the victory seemed about to be won
by Ney alone, for he was close upon Friedland,
and a shout rolling along the whole column and
heard above the roar of battle, announced that
the town was about to be earned by assault.
But just at this crisis the Russian Imperial
Guard was ordered to advance. With fixed
bayonets, this mass of living valor hurled itself
on its adversary. The head of Ney’s column
went down before the terrific charge and the
whole body was rolled back over the field. But
falling on Victor’s corps rapidly advancing to
sustain him he rallied his broken ranks and
again pressed to the assault. Friedland was
carried after an obstinate resistance and immense
slaughter, and soon the bridges in the rear over
the Alle were in flames. The smoke rolled
over the field of battle like that of a burning
forest—the sun went down in gloom, the dead
w ere piled over the ground, and Ney had made
Bonaparte again conqueror by his indomitable
valor.
Napoleon’s confidence in him was almost un
bounded. During the battle of Bautzen, he lay
on the ground, sheltered by a height in front of
the town, at his breakfast, when suddenly he
heard the sound of Ney’s guns thundering on
the left At the same instant a bomb burst over
his head. Without noticing the bursting shell
he sat down and wrote to Marie Louise that the
victory was gained. He waited only to learn
that Ney was where the crisis turned, to be sure
of victory.
Yet Ney has often been accused of wanting
generalship. Mr. Alison makes him a brave
man and no more. This decision is based on
a single declaration of Bonaparte,—speaking
once of Ney, he said “he was the bravest ol
men ; there terminated all his faculties.” Now
we do not place the least confidence in this as
sertion of Napoleon. His opinions ot hisgene
rals changed with their success, A brilliant
achievement brought down on them the most
extravagant encomiums from the Emperor: a
defeat, on the contrary, his bitterest invectives.
This disparagement of Ney was doubtless made,
after contemplating some failure in which the
marshal was implicated. Besides, Bonaparte
was the last man we should choose to estimate
the character of his own officers. He rated all
military Aiders low but himself. Accustomed
to plan for his generals, he came to think they
could not plan for themselves. So also their
achievements, when put in comparison with his
own, he invariably depreciated. Bonaparte
made the pass ot St. Bernard, and he wished it
to stand alone beside that of Hannibal’s; so that
- McDonald’s passage of the Splugen, to which
his own was mere child’s play, he declared re
peatedly to have been no great affair, and so re
ported it to the French Government at home.
The whole history of Bonaparte’s career—the
confidence he everywhere reposed in Ney’s skill
as well as bravery, pronounce this declaration
false, while the manner in which he managed
the rear guard in that awful and disastrous re
treat of the grand army from Russia, shows the
injustice of the charge ?n every way, Some
thing more than bravery was needed to cover the
retreat of the Frencii there, and Bonaparte knew
it. He never placed Ney at the head of the
army in invading Russia, and in the rear when
retreating from it, simply because he was a
brave man. His actions and statements hete
contradict each other, and the former is more
likely to be honest than the latter. The two
great and ruinous errors ol Bonaparte’s ambi
tious career would have been prevented had fie
listened to Wey’s council. The conquest of
Spain brought nothing but disaster, and the in
vasion of Russia overturned his throne. Against
both these Ney urged his strenuous remon
strances as long as it seemed of any avail, and
then did his utmost to prevent the ruin that he
saw must follow. One day at Madrid Napo
leon entered the room where Ney and several
other officers were standing, and said in great
glee, “Everythinggoes on well; Rornana will
be reduced in a fortnight; the English are de
feated and will be unable to advance; in three
months the war will be finished,” The officers
to whorp this was addressed, made no reply; but
Ney, shaking his head, said with his character
istic bluntness, “ Sir, this war has lasted
long already, and our affairs are not improved.
These people are obstinate, even their wo
men and children fight; the\ massacre our men
in detail. To-day we cut the enemy jn pieces,
to-morrow we have fd oppose another twice as
numerous. It is not an army we have to fight,
it is a whole nation, I see no end to this busi
ness.” Bonaparte followed his own inclina
tions, and wgs eventually defeated. Ney saw
the difference between«opquering an army and
a people. Though in no general bat
tle while in Spain, he exhibited his wonted skill
and bravery in Asturja.
g~V We so w half a bushel of corn (cost 33
cents) on two acres planted with corn—on the
surface. We thus coax the birds to come and
see us, and we make it their interest to meddle
with nothing that is planted. It costs us less
than twine, or tar, or feathers pn a pole.— Plow.
- -
! Chronicle nuh Sentinel.
A ITGISTA. __
FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 2.
Aoenct.-Mf V. B Palmer is authorised to act as
our agent for all business connected with this office in
the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Bal
timore. His office in New York is 160 Nassau-street;
Philadelphia, 59 Pine street; Baltimore, S. E. corner
of Baltimore and Cal vert-streets; Boston, 16 State-s t.
Messrs. Mason & Tuttle, of New-York, are also the
agents of the Chronicle and Sentinel in the city of
N ew- York.
Concert.
The Orphean Family, as will be seen by
advertisement, announce another of their con
certs to take place this evening. The reputa
tion these melodists have established, by the
two concerts already given, which were very
fully and fashionably attended, needs no eulogy
at our hands, to those who have had the pleasure
of witnessing their performances, and we advise
all who have a taste lor the “concord of sweet
sounds,” not to deprive themselves of the plea
sure of hearing the harmonies of these admira
ble vocalists from the banks of the Kennebec.
Lead Mines. —We published yesterday, says
the Cincinnati Gazette, a notice of a new lead
mine discovered on the Ohio, We must look
out. Reports of this character are on the in
crease; we have lead every where in lowa and
Wisconsin; and when right hard pushed, if lead
cannot be found, copper is said to be near by.
“The mining fever,”says the St, Louis Repub
lican, “if not a mania , approaches it very
closely.” And whatever may be the mineral
resources “out West,” parties will, under these
circumstances, be increased so as to tempt pur
chasers, and to induce speculation. It is well
enough, therefore, to be cautious in believing
these stories. The Republican, referring to
these views and giving anoiher “discovery,”
says:
“ But all these, and all that may be made, for
years to com’, we do not believe will begin to
unfold the rich treasures which lay embowelled
in this Slate, lowa and Wisconsin, Lead ore,
because it is more easily dug out and prepared
for market, has enlisted the greatest share of at
tention, yet it is but one of many ores which this
country offers. We know that much has been
said of the mineral wealth of the West, and we
know also that many regard these reports as
Munchausen tales, but the lime will come when
it will be sure the half has not been told.
The last discovery which we have heard of,
in a section where lead ore was not before known
or believed to exist, is a recent discovery made
in Keokuk, lowa, at the foot of the lower rapids,
on the Mississippi, about 220 miles above this
city. A person who was engaged in digging a
cellar, struck a lead, which so far as it has been
developed, promises a good return.
From the N. O. Picayune.
Texas.
We have little to add to the summary already
given of the news from Texas, brought by the
John S. McKim. The announcement cf the
appointment ot the Hon, Ashbel Smith as
Charge to England and France, confirms the
observations we made last week respectingthat
gentleman’s appearance in this city at so criti
cal a juncture. He has thrown up his seat in
the Cabinet. Before leaving New Orleans he
was heard to say that he had written letters to
Texas which he thought would procure his re
call. Ashbel has a sagacious look, but he is a
leakv vessel.
Public meetings have been held in Richmond
and Brazoria, and the people in each of these
counties, almost to a man, have declared for
Annexation.
In Fort Bend county, says the Telegraph, the
, American flag was raised by an immense crowd
, of “old settlers,” who had gathered from all
parts ot the county to plant the glorious symbol
ol American Independence the spot where
the “old three hundred” first planted American
institutions. Old Fort Bend rung with the loud
shouls of the gray-haired pilgrims of Austin,
w ho rejoiced that they were permitted to see the
standard of their native land planted on the soil
that they had won from Mexican tyranny.
Gen, Houston was expected to address a
meeting at Houston in favor of Annexation on
the 21st mst., —the anniversary of the* battle of
San Jacinto.
The following extract from a letter, written
the day before President Jones issued his pro
clamation convening Congress on the 16th of
June, embraces whatever else of interest we
have been able to discover in our files :
Correspondence of the Picayune.
Washington, Texas, April 15,1845.
“A word or two in relation to Annexation.
It is now said that President Jones, unable long
er to deter it, is to call Congress together on the
16th of June next, and it is also said that not
more than two or three of the members are op
posed to the measure. The fact is, that nine
tenths of the people in this and the adjoining
counties—one Texan tells me that efcvcw-tenths
—are in favor of immediate Annexation. The
little opposition that is seen, or rather heard,
comes from either the office holders or else from
the large towns, and in the latter its foreign ori
gin is easily enough distinguished.
“ The President has been unwell for a week
past, confined to his house by a billious attack.
He is now convalescing, however. The only
members of the Cabinet now here are Mr, Al
len, the Attorney General, and Col. Win. G.
Cooke, the Secreta-y ot War and Marine. The
latter, although said to be opposed to Annexa
tion, is one of the best officers Texas has ever
had—efficient in every way and closely atten
tive to the duties of his station.
“ Gen. Houston has not as yet openly ex
pressed his view's in relation to Annexation, al
though it is confidently asserted that he will not
oppose the measure. He does not appear to be
altogether in favor of the terms, thinking the
resolutions do not concede as much to Texas
as they should; yet it is thought by those who
know him best, that his feelings will not in
duce him to throw his immense influence in the
scale of opposition.
“ It is surmised by some, that before Congress
i comes to any definite action upon the the ques-
I lion that now excites the community, that pro
| positions for the digestion of that body will be
I received from England, and perhaps from
France as well. It is certainly very singular
that the extraordinary philanthropy of Great
Britain should have broken out so suddenly in
favor of Texas, and that it should now burn so
fiercely. If that power can induce Mexico to
acknowledge the independence ot Texas now,
she could have done it three years ago. What
a pity she did not think of it sooner !
“ Maj. Donelson, the U. S. Charge, is now'
here—so, too, is Gov. Yell. The latter, on ac
count of business, has been obliged to give up
his contemplated excursion to the buffalo
erouhds. You shall hear from me again at
San Antonio—perhaps before.” G. W. K.
American Artists abroad. —There are said
to be fourteen American artists in Rome, em
ployed in the active pursuit of an honorable re
nown In their professions. Os these, eleven are
painters; and of the others, one is an engraver,
one a sculptor, and one an architect. We
chronicle such facts with pleasure. It has been
a common reflection made upon this country by
European writers, that no taste exists amongst
us for the Fine Arts. It were an idle task to
take room to controvert such an opinion; the
“ master roll” of those eminent in the various
departmenrs of art, who claim their birth upon
the soil of the Western Hemisphere, would fill
a column. It will be found that as our im
measurable forests are reclaimed from their pri
1 meval wildness, men ol genius will spring up
to illustrate the world of literature and of art,
whose energies at an earlier of our na
tional existence would have been given to the
cause of civil liberty and the institution of new
modes to protect human rights.— Picayune.
Hayti.— The Boston Post has advices from
Aux Cayes to the 28th ult., received from Capt.
Beaman, of the schooner St. Thomas. Capt.
B. states that a great excitement existed w hen
he left, in consequence of the discovery of He
rard, the banished ex-nresident’s plot to take
possession of Hayti. It seems he was to land
on the south-west end ol the island, collect ids
lorces there friendly to him, ana take posses
sion of all the principal places by surprise.
The whole was discovered by the interception
of some of his letters. Many suspected citi
zens were arrested and in prison. This threat
ened revolution had a disastrous effect on busi
ness. The harbor was strictly blockaded. No
Haytien vessel was allowed to leave she port,
not even a small boat, under any pretence; the
penaltv was seizure and imprisonment ol crew.
It was decreed that any banished person lound
on the island should be lorthwith shot; the lact
ol his appearance being proof enough that he
was concerned in the conspiracy against the
government. It was believed that the early dis
covery of the plot would effectually prevent its
consummation.
Advices from Cape Haytien, to the 11th lost.,
also received at Boston, mention nothing deci
sive in relation to matters between the Hayti
ens and the people of the Spanish port. The
President (Guerrier) was at St. Marcs, very ill
It was surmised that ex-President Herard was
on his way from Jamaica to the west part c‘
the island. Gen. Perriot was in command ai
the cape; from his reputation, and from the
high character of his advisers, it was supposed
that good order would continue throughout that
important arrondissement, let things go as they
might in other parts of the island.
CONFIRMATION.—The Rev^
Edward E. Ford, D.D., will, with the Divine
permission, deliver a Lecture in the Episcopal
Church, in this city, THIS EVENING, at quar
ter before 8 o’clock, in which he will institute
a calm inquiry , by the light of sacred scripture
and of primitive usage , into the ordinance oi
Confirmation. Irrelevant and exciting topics
will be carefully avoided, the object being to im
part information to candid inquirers on the sub
ject. The pews for the evening will be free.
Should the weather prove decidedly bad, the
Lecture will be postponed to Saturday evening,
the 3d, at the same hour. The bell will ring at
7 o’clock. my 2
ATTENTION I
U - HONORARY MEMBERS ol
the AUGUSTA ARTILLERY GUARDS, will
take notice that their membership expired on
the first of February last, and that to avoid the
Regimental I’arade ordered for the 13th instant,
they must call on the Captain and renew their
certificates of membership.
SAMUEL C. WILSON,
my 2 It Captain Augusta Artillery Guards.
Constitutionalist copy one time.
GEORGIA RAIL. ROAD.
For the accommodation of DEL'
EGATES attending the BAPTIST CONVEN
TION, a Passenger Car will be attached to the
freight tr in from Union Point to Augusta, on
Wednesday, the 7th inst.—leaving Union Point
at 7 o’clock, A. M., and arriving at Augusta at
3i, P. M. Those from the several stations above
the Point, will be taken on the regular passenger
train the day previous.
Fare down five cents a mile. A return ticket
will be given to pass back free of charge.
Office Geo. 11. Road and Banking Co., ?
Augusta, May 2, 1345. ( m 2
Georgia Rail Road & flanking Co., >
Augusta, May 1, 1845. $
In pursuance of the Charter and
Bye-Laws, the next annual meeting of the
Stockholders of this Company, will be held at
the Banking House in Augusta on Tuesday after
the second Monday in the present month, being
the 13th inst.
J. W. WILDE, Cashier.
Trains of Cars will leave Covington and Ath
ens at 6 o’clock in the morning of Monday, the
12th inst., for the accommodation of Stockhold
ers and their families, free of charge. Arrange
ments will also be made for their return passage,
without charge. trw&wtd rnyl
SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN
TION.
THE duly appointed Delegates
to the Southern Baptist Convention, to be hela
in this city, commencing on the Bth of May next,
are requested to report themselves upon their ar
rival, to a Committee who will be in waiting at
the Lecture Room of the Baptist Church, to de
signate the lodgings which have been provided
for them.
The Delegates are informed that, through the li
berality of the Directors of the Georgia Rail Road
and of the South Carolina Rail Road Companies,
they will be charged but one half of the custom
ary rates of fare on these roads when attending
the Convention. In order to avail themselves of
this kindness, it will be expected that they pro
duce certificates of their appointment.
W. T. BRANTLY,
ap26-d&wtMß Pastor of Baptist Church.
JOSEPH S. WINTER & Co.’s
EXCHANGE & COLLECTION OFFICE,
mh!3 lyis Montgomery, Ala.
ITT ELECTION NOTICE.—On
Saturday, the 3d day of May, at 10 o’clock, A.
M„, the City Council will electa City Surveyor
to hold his office until the first Saturday of Janu
ary, 1846. Bond for SIOOO will be required.
Also, at the same time, the City Council will
elect a Sexton, to hold his office until the first
Saturday in January, 1346, to fill the vacancy oc
casioned by the removal of John Simpson.
By order of the Council.
ap29 W. MILO OLIN, Clerk Council.
rcr Dr. a. L. HAMMOND offers
his professional services to the citizens of Au
gusta and its vicinity. Dr. H. may be found at
all times, when not professionally engaged, at
his residence, over the store of A. Bowdre, cor
ner of Broad and Center streets. ap!4 ly
iLf* LONDON Papers by the last
Steamer. —Pictorial Times, 13| cents; Illustra
ted News, 18|; Punch and the Great Gun, price
12§ cents each; few copies vol. 1 Wandering
Jew on hand—persons desirous to read this
wonderful romance of history, novclty'and mys
tery, are ad Used to call early while they are go
ing off at 50 cents ; the Fern’s Bridge Controver
sy, or Castigator Castigated, for sale early this
morning, price 6\ cents; Thiers’ Life of Napo
leon, part 2, and Litteli’s Living Age, No. 47.
O* Great arrival of Literature.—The
lost packages come to hand a’ last with at least
000 volumes of new books, periodicals and mls
cellaneous popular ne v publications, selling
cheap as ever, at S. A. HOLMES’,
a p3o Literary Depot.
D3»THE AMERICAN REVIEW,
a Whig Journal of Politics, Literature, Art and
C clencc—a Monthly Journal of one hundred and
twelvcpages. Subscriptions received at thiaof- ,
fire. n 3O
plain and fancy job printing
Os Every Description, embracing
Cards, Blanks,
Circulars, Bill Heads,
Checks, Pamphlets,
Hand Bills, Labels. &c. Ac.
EXECUTED WITH DESPATCH AT THIS OFFICE.
CQr- The Proprietors of the Chronicle and Sentinel best
leave to announce to their friends and patrons, that they
now have an extensive assortment of plain and fancy job
type, of the latest patterns ; and are enabled, with the aid
of experienced workmen to execute every variety of let
ter press printing, in a style not inferior to any establish
ment in the Southern States.
MARRI ED.
On Wednesday evening last, by the Rev. W.
T. Brantly, Mr. William Wilson, of Beach Is
land, S. C., to Miss Martha Jane, third daugh
ter of Win. M. Frazer, ot this city.
In Twiggs county, on the 23d April, by the
Rev. Jacob R. Danforth, Taliaferro Jones, M.
D., to Miss Caroline Jane Saxon.
Departure of the Atlantic Steamers.
From England. I From America.
Hibernia April 19 I Hibernia ..May 1G
Britannia May 4 I Britannia June 1
Great Western..,. May 17 j Great Western.. • .Jnne 12
Acadia May 19 | Acadia June 19
Latest Dates.
Liverpool April 5 | Havre April 2
commercial.
Comparative Statement of Cotton in Augusta and
Hamburg , May Us, 1844, and ?45.
1 v 4». 1844
Stock on hand Sept 1 17,505 7,367
Received from Sept. 1 to April i........194,196 185,491
“ from April Ito May 1 10,416 3,181
Total supply and receipts 222,117 195,039
SHIPMENTS.
To Savannah from April Ito May 1... .12,913 11,065
“ Charleston “ “ 15,460 1,988
“ Charleston & Savannah previously. 168,545 135,050
Total shipments 196,938 148,103
STOCK ON HAND.
Stock in Augusta, May 1 22,567 32,936
“ Hamburg, “ “ 7,392 15,000
Total Stock on hand..... ..29,959 47,936
New York. April 26, p. ar.
The Market was rathe." heavy this morning.
Southern Exchange was steady, with a moderate de
mand.
Foreign Exchange was firm, and in fair demandat
109 fa) 109$ on London, and 5 26$ (a) 5 25 on Paris.
Cotton —The market is steady. The sales to-day reach
2500 bales.
Flour— Genesee Flour is held at $4 625, with sales. A
few lots of Ohio, Michigan, &c , have been sold at 84 564
(a) 84 625.
New Orleans, April 26.
Cotton —Arrived since the 22d inst. of Louisiana and
Mississippi 5092 bales, Tennessee and North Alabama
3994, Florida 025; together, 9711 bales. Cleared in
the same time for Liverpool 12,336 bales, Marseilles
613, Havana 520. New York 670, Richmond 1. Boston
220 ; together 14,360 bales—making a reduction in stock
ol 4649 bales, and leaving on hand, inclusive of all
on shipboard not cleared on the 251 h instant, a stock
of 123,423 bales.
In our review of last Wednesday morning we stated
that the demand for Cotton in the first of the week had
been limited, and that the market was in a depressed
and unsettled state, with considerable irregularity as
to prices. The transactions of Wednesday were ex
ceedingly limited, having barely amounted to 1200 bales,
and the market, as usual under such circumstances,
was very much depressed and drooping. On Thursday
there was a little more business done, some 2500 bales
having been disposed of, but the market still exhibited
great heaviness, however, as the non arrival of the
steamer Great Western’s accounts, (although past due)
caused buyers to refrain from operating to any extent,
and when they did operate at all, it was in most in
stances owing to tlieir having obtained slight conces
sions in prices. Yesterday all suspense in regard to
the news per Great Western was removed by the arri
val of the mail at an early hour, with full files of pa
pers, and the private correspondence for this place, *he
dates being from Liverpool to the 29th and Havre to the
26th of March. In our own market operations were
neatly suspended yesterday in consequence of the un
favorable nature of these accounts, as but few buyers
came forward, and the rates they offered were general
ly much below what holders were disposed to accept.
At the time we closed our inquiries the sales had onl y
amounted to 900 bales, at a decline of an eighth to a
quarter of a cent on our previous figures, the greatest
reduction being on Middling, and we have made a cor
responding change in our quotations. The market
closed with a very unsettled appearance, the effect of
the news being scarcely yet fully developed. The
weeks’business amounts to but 14 400 bales, of which
5100 were sold during the past three days.
N. ORLEANS CLASSIFICATION/ — Loms’a and Mississippi,
Inferior 4$ (id 5$ I Middling Fair 64 (a) 6|
Ordinary 5$ fid 5| j Fair 7k (a) 7f
Middling .51 (d) 6 I Good lair 7f (a) 8
Good Middling..6s (a) 6$ ( Good and fine..,.Bs (a) —-
statement op cotton.
Stock on hand Ist Sept., 1844 bales 12934
Arrived during the past three days.. 9711
Arrived previously ....566855 876566
889500
Exported during the p.ast three days..... ..14360
Exported previously.., 751717 766077
Stock on hand and on shipboard, 123423
Comparative Statement of ike Receipts of cotton from the
Ist Sept, in each year to datis, and also the Stocks on
hand at lie following places at the dates annexed.
Rec’d since Sept. 1. Stock on hand.
Places. 1844. 1843. 1845. 1844.
N. Orleans, April 25..854761 752156 12 J 423 219885
Mobile, April 22 496756 422106 102279 120918
Savannah, April 18.. .259315 195216 57694 33149
Charleston. April 18..3r3484 259796 57038 62253
Florida, April 12 164182 124902 41777 26521
Virginia, April 1 15550 11100 4800 3700
N. Carolina, April 5... 7700 6123 30C0 1500
New York, April 15 75818 164000
Other Ports, April 12 3938 1204 S
Total, bales 2152078 1773699 469767 644274
Total to dates in’43 1773699 644274
Increase this year... 378379 Dei rease.. 174507 in stock.
ECr" We have taken from N. Orleans the amount,
received front Mobile and Flcrida. Also, from Charles
ton the receipts from Savannah—and from Mo b’le the
receipts from Florida.
The exports from Georgetown to New York are add
ed to the Charleston receipts, and the exports from Da
rien to Liverpool and New Yotk are added to the Sa
vannah receipts.
The exports from Mobile and Florida to New Orleans
and those from Savannah to Charleston, have been de
ducted from Exports to Northern Ports.
Sugar f/misiana— Since our review of last Wednesday
morning the demand for .Sugai on the Levee hat con
tinued exceedingly limited, and the transactions have
again i i restricted to a few small and comparatively
unimp-i .nt lots. Some holders continue to be un
willing to sell at any reduction in prices, but it is very
evident that no considerable sates could be effected un
less at a material decline. In the few transactions
which have taken place s, nee our last a decline has been
submitted to of about sc, and we make that change in
our quotations which are for ordinary to common 5 (a)
Oj, lair of 6® 6, prime 6$ (d) 6s, srictlv choice in small
lots 6$ (a) 6| cents lb. The arrivals for the past three
days have been to a fair extent, ana the stock on the
Levee, before heavy, has been further increased, not-
Wtlstanumg that some parcels have been removed into
s t ore.
. Molasses —l he Molasses market on the Levee,
since our review of last Wednesday morning, has
maintained the same dull and inactive character which
it did in the fore part of the- week, and prises are, if
any thtng, a shade lower. We quote from 27 (a) 28$c
V last rate being for good lots in cypress bar
rels. Ihe stock on the Levee is very ample, although
the receiptsJtave again been only moderate
Bacon —The receipts continue light, and this circum
stance, together with some little improvement in the
demand, has caused rather more firmness in prices,
though without any positive advance. Our present
quotations for tv gulur packed are for uncanvassed Hams
6f (d) 7 cents, canvassed do. and extra cured 8 (Ed 10, Sides
6$ (Ed 7, Shoulders 5 (a) ssc >{F lb.
Lard —ln prices we have no positive change to note,
and continue to quote at 7 cent’s for inferior to 8$ for
prime, thongh some strictly choice lots are still held at
Bsc lb, with occasional small sales.
Bagging Bale Rope —We are still without any trans
actions el much importance to notice in these articles,
though sales to a moderate extent continue t« be made,
at about the range of price? previ onsly quoted—say for
Western Bagging, interior to fair 11 ( 2> 11$ els, for good
to superior 12 (S> 12$ cents cash. Western Rope 3$ O
5$ cents cash, according to quality, &c There is some
inquiry for round lots on time, but we understand that
all, or nearly all. the principal receivers have resolved
to abandons the practice of making credit sales.
Whiskey— Our last Wednesday’s report left the market
in a rather dull state, at 22 fii)22sc s£* gall for Rectified,
and since then the arrival of seme 1400 barrels has fur
ther depressed the market, causing buyeis to take very
sparingly, though holders maintain a good deal of firm
ness, and were obtaining 22c iMf gall yesterday for lots
of good proof, with a limited demand. Common is ex
tremely dull, and we hear of only occasional small
sales to the city trade at 23c, though round lots may be
bought at 22 (a) 22$c gal!.