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HOPE By Pushing.
Thou of the silver wing!
Bright glancing Hope, fair daughter of the skies,
Come to me now and woe me with thine eyes,
As in my boyhood’s spring !
Then kind indeed wert thou,
As I sal musing by the crystal rill,
Or climbed at eve high on some beetling hill,
To see the young moon’s brow.
Thou earnest to m 3 there,
And whispered words of gladness in my ear,
And painted visions beautiful to hear,
Os coming moment’s fair.
Along thy magic glass,
I saw bright pageantries flit too and fro,
And palaces of gold, where garden’s grow
With flowers of loveliaers.
And all along the walks
Stood statues of the radiant go is of yore,
And fountains formed o’er tne mosaic floor,
And murmuring leaves held talks.
And there 1 saw divine,
Proud forms of female beauty sweeping by,
And all these things that shone so gorgeously,
All these were mine !
Then changed the scene anon,
And to the world I struck the silver lyre,
And thou didst whisper, pDureda fervid fire,
Like the true spirits gone.
Then shone I gay in arms :
Theu ruling thousands through the potent voice,
By wisest counsels bade my land rejoice,
Unscathed by wars alarms.
In thee I had a home,
A bride of beauty and a gentle band,
Twining around me closer, hand in hand,
Tea glorious for the tomb !
For thy sweet fancies fair
They never died ; I could not give away
The creatures of the mind to mix with clay,
Or fade in empty air 1
But they are gone and thou !
Thy rainbow wing hath ceased at length to ware,
Thy gentle children all are in the grave,
Their dust is on thy brow !
But still this hast thou given,
To breathe a cheerfullners o’er common life.
To make each common scene with beauty rife,
And teach a faith in Heaven !
Columbus, (Ohio,) 1348. [ Knickerbocker ,
From the New York Courier Sf Enquirer.
Late from California,
FROM AN OFFICER OF THE U. S. NAVY.
U, S. ship Dale. At anchor off San Joseph, )
Lower California, Nov. 17, 1848. )
I have been wantirgto write to you for some
months (but the state of the country hitherto
has prevented me from so doing until this mo
ment) for the purpose of giving you the news
relative to the state of affairs on tlis side of the
continent. The war has at last come to a close
and I am in hopes that all disturbances with the
Mexicans are at an end. The squadron sailed
from La Paz on the first of December for this
port, which was the last port delivered up to
the Mexican authorities. On the sixth we sa
luted the Mexican flag and took our departure
for Monterey, ana arrived on the 16th of Octo
ber, when we found all of the squadron.
The St Mary had not arrived on the station
on the 2nd November, when we sailed for this
port. Here I was detached from the Warren
and ordered to this ship.
The Southampton and Lexington sailed in
company with us for San Francisco—the latter
is ordered to sail soon for home, and touches at
the above named place for gold. On the 13th
November we arrived here to wood and water
after receiving which we sail for Mazatlan, and
thence to San Bias and the Sandwich Islands,
expecting to be in San Francisco by the first
of February, where we shall meet with the
Commodore and receive further orders. We
anticipate a pleasant cruise.
Our stay at Monterey was short, but I re
mained there sufficiently long to get all the
news. Upper California is, at thepresent time,
in an extraordinary slate of excitement, and
every body is making a fortune ‘hand over fist’
as we sailors say. The recent discovery of a
gold mine, which is already ascertained to be
several hundred miles in extent, inexhaustible,
and the ore easily obtained at a trifling expense
to the diggers, has induced nearly all the in
habitants ofMonterey to leave their homes to
reap the golden harvest. The Rancheros have
left their farms, and unless supplies are sent
into the country there must be a famine. More
than five thous..m< persons are engaged in dig
ging at this time, and they daily receive large
accessions of numbers. Every thing in the
shape of goods and provisions commands the
highest price at the mines, payable in gold,—
which has been sold at the mines for five dol
lars per ounce troy weight, and in some cases
for even less. At San Francisco and Monte
rey it sells for from ten to twelve dollars in
trade. A vessel sailed a short time before our
arrival at Monterey for Mazatlan with twelve
hundred pounds of this gold, which I found
upon our arrival sold for over sixteen dollars
per ounce, avourdupois weight. The gentle
man who owns this gold came out to this conn
iry in January, 1847, in one of the store ships
chartered in Boston to bring out provisions for
the squadron ; he brought out with him be
tween four and five thousand dollar’s worth of
goods, which he bought atauction fora venture.
He located in San Francisco, and in August
of the same year, he told me that with the
goods he brought out and his purchase of two
lots he was worth thirty thousand dollars. Lots
bought originally lor fifteen dollars, are now
worth five or six thousand dollars ; all of this
took place before the discovery of the mines.
This gold has been assayed and found to be
twenty three and a half carats fine—pure vir
gin gold. The largest piece founo weighs
twenty-five pounds, in one solid block; the
next weighs seven pounds, and so on, down to
fine black sand.
Before I left Monterey, I saw Mr. ,
who came out to this country in the store
ship as purser’s steward. He, with four others
went to the mines in April last, and in seven
teen days, he says, the five dug out twenty
thousand dollars worth, when he was taken
sick, and the co-partnership dissolved. He bed
fifteen thousand dollar’s worth with him, and
does not intend to dig any more, but to trade
in goods.
Clerksget eight dollars per day at the mines,
which arc distant not one hundred miles from
Monterey. 1 will give you the price of diffe
rent articles. Blankets have been sold from
eighty to one hundred dollars each; shoes one
dollar per number. Large tin pans three oun
ces of gold. Sailor’s sheath knives, six to ei«ht
dollars. Revolvers six to eight ounces of gold,
and I saw a man who paid six hundred dollars
for a barrel of flour. Liquors are very scarce
and command the highest prices. Shovels
have sold for twenty dollars and picks for the
same. I wai offered six ounces of gold for my
old cloak, which cost twenty five dollars, and
has suffered six years of hard wear. All arti
cles of clothing sell well, and there are none in
the market.
A cargo of china goods realized two hundred
thousand dolla rs in one week at San Francisco.
Some of our officers bought gold at six, eight,
and ten dollars per ounce, and on our arrival
at Mazatlan on the 20th of November, sold it
for sixteen dollars per ounce.
We sail in a few days for San Bias on our
way to the islands.
San Blas, Nov. 24.
We arrived at this place to-day, and shall re
main untfl the first of December.
From our own Correspondent.
Monterey, California, October 20. 184 .
The Pacific Squadron has arrived at this p,ace
from Lower California, coming in from day
to day, from the 4th until the Bth inst. The
ships now here are the Ohio, Dale, Warren.
Lexington and Southampton. The St. Mary’s
is expected hourly, from the United States.
On the 23d of August last, just after a strong
southeast gale, the frigate Congress got under
weigh from her anchorage in the Bay of La
Paz, for home. The excitement among her
officers and crew, on this occasion, was very
great; forshe had been kept on the station
without the shadow of necessity, upwards of
three months after she was fairly entitled, from
the length ofher cruise, to return to the United
Stales. On her departure, the Congress salu
ted the flag and cheered ship, after which her
band struck up “Home sweet r home!” and
sad hearts were left behind. During the cheer
ing, about three hundred hats were thrown
overboard from the frigate, which act translated
signifies, “We leave you our old hats, Commo
dore; catch us again if you can!” Most of the
men comprising her crew were kept in service
long after their terms of enlistment had expir
ed. Authority for so doing was derived from
an act of Congress, but it is absurd to suppose
that it ever was intended by our National le
gislators that Commanders-in-Ch ; ef of squad
rons should unnecessarily detain seamen in the
Navy aftertheir time, during peace. So doing
must frequently lead to immense difficulties,and
who can blame men for being discontented
when a solemn compact entered into with
them by government, is grossly violated. If
matters are thus conducted abroad, it will soon
be impossible to obtain seamen for our Navy,
at home.
At La Paz, on the 25th of August, claims of
the compromised, to the amount of five thou
sand dollars, were paid by order of Commo
dore Jones. During that, and for several suc
ceeding evenings, Monte Banks were open all
over the place. Shuffling of cards might be
seen, and the jingling of money heard, even in
courts and gardens,and, in one or two instances,
in the very streets. Claims have also been
paid at San Jose.
On the 29th of the same month the troops
and emigrants embarked, the former on board
the Ohio, and the latter on board the Lexing
ton, and La Paz was delivered up at 2 P. M.
on the 31st, when the Ohio saluted the Mexi
can flag with twenty-one guns. This was re
turned by the Mexicans, with two old carron
ades, tip to sixteen guns; but at this juncture,
a man’s arm being blown off, they ceased salu
ting. The squadron sailed from La Paz on
the Ist of September.
The Lexington proceeded directly to this
place, but the Southampton and the Warren
stopt at San Jose, and in a few days, the Ohio
also appeared oft’ the latter place. Here, troops
were taken on board the Ohio, emigrants on
board the Warren and Southampton, the Mex
ican flag was saluted, (returned this lime with
the full number of guns) a ;d on the 6th, the
hree ships departed.
t The Commodore expressed the opinion that
in consequence of the heavy surf at San Jose,
the safety of the public ships would be endan
gered by taking on board the artillery, ammu
nition, and other army stores at that place. Ho
therefore determined to leave them, to be sent
for at some future day. On hearing this, sev
eral of his officers volunteered to get these off’
in safety, or forfeit their commis-ions. But he
would not listen to them. So there they now
are at the mercy of our late enemy.
The New York volunteers have been mus
tered out of service and many of them are at
the placer.
Here, at San Francisco, and in fact, through
out all Upper California, gold, gold, gold, is
the cry. Fortunes are being made, squandered
and recuperated. Everybody is going to the
placer, is there, or has been there. Even the
Governor could not resist making another visit
to that region, and he has now removed his
head-quarters thither. Desertions from the
fort and the ships, of course, occur frequently,
and the master of a merchantman now in port
offers one hundred dollars a month for seamen
to carry his ship to Callao, but has been una
ble to ship any even at that price. Between
twenty and thirty ships are lying at San Fran
cisco, without the slightest prospect of obtain
ing crews.
Commodore Jones, with a numerous suite,
was to have taken his departure for the mines
yesterday. The object of his visit it is impos
sible to imagine. However, in consequence
of the numerous desertions in the squadron,
he sent a party, but remained here himself. A
circular letter from the Commander-iu-Chief to
the Pacific Squadron, was but recently read on
the quarter-decks ofall the vessels, in which he
speaks of the placer, as a ridiculous “ golden
stream,’’ &c. &c. But immediately on arriv
ing in Monterey, and ascertaining that in Alta
California, there is a gold deposit of about
four hundred square miles, the edge of which
can be reached in three or four days travel, and
that even the Governor of the newly acquired
territory was amongst, if not among, the dig
gers, he prepared for a journey to the land of
dreams. It must be admitted that in this case,
precept was much better than example.
But you can form no conception of the state
of affairs here. Ido believe, in my soul, every
body has run mad—stark, staring mad. Offi
cers of the army have so far forgotten their dig
nity, as to commence a system of speculation.
Upon the road to the placer, wagons, with the
brand U. S. upon them, may be seen, travel
ing at a brisk rate, and surrounded by parties
of gentlemen in high spirits, mounted on fine
horses or strong mules, some of which are also
branded as above, all taking a northward course.
In these wagons are— visible —saddle-bags, and
pots, kettles, and other camp equipage; but if
one could have a close examination, he would
find, nicely stowed away underneath all these,
goods for barter. What I tell you is the truth,
and you need not be surprised at all this, for,
as I before said, everybody is mad. Talk of
March hares —nonsense!—the similitude must
be changed to Yankees in California.
Navy officers, with the exception of the cho
sen band spoken of above, are obliged to look
on at all this from their floating prisons, and
no ship will leave the coast until the return of
this party from the arduous service upon
which they are now engaged. Meanwhile
men are deserting, and officers threatened with
courts-martial, for allowing what it is utterly
impossible to prevent: viz—poor sailors and
marines to be as much excited and carried
away as the two chief functionaries out here,
and most of their subordinates. It can hardly
be expected that a man will work for ten or
twelve dollars a month, when a certain fortune
is almost within his grasp ! More particularly,
when he is brought up face to face with temp
tation ; a temptation which those of superior
minds to himself, he sees, pretend not to resist.
If, then, this visit should be a protracted one
that is, if the exigencies of the public service
should require the suite to remain long in the
land of dreams, where they dig gold as they do
potatoes at home, the Pacific squadron will, in
all probability, remain on this coast longer than
the Commodore himself anticipated.
If I write harshly, I write truly. What I say
of classes or individuals, they deserve. Let
them, when away from here, and from the ex
citement under which they are now laboring,
calmly and dispassionately reflect upon what
they did in California, let them searchingiy ex
amine their consciences, and they will be as
tonished at the numerous littlenesses of which
they will stand charged, by their own inward
convictions. “But conscience doth not make
cowards of them now;" and they will have
GOLD! But enough of this—perhaps 1 shall
be mad myself in a day or two.
i The Lexington (store-ship) will leave here
in a few days for San Francisco, to take in
gold, (only think of that!) whence she will pro
ceed to the Sandwich Islands, and from there
to the United States via Valparaiso and Rio de
Janeiro. What is the destination of the rest of
the squadron the land-lubbers have not learned,
but I heard a rumor that another ship would
sail for home on the Ist of ’January taking the
route of the Lexington. I have also under
stood that the Commodore hopes to obtain per
mission to return home in the Oho, byway of
the East Indies. This is all provided crews be
left for the ships. x. x. x.
Chronicle ana Sentinel.
AUGUSTA, G-A :
SATURDAY MORNING, JAN. 37, 1849.
The Year of Revolutions.
Blackwood’s Magazine for January comes
to us with a leading Editorial on the Revolu
tions of 1848. A better subject for an able,
searching, beautiful and stirring article could
not be desired. All revolutionists, from Pope
Pins the IX. who first set the ball in motion.,
down to the petty rebels in Ireland, are han
dled without gloves by this most gifted, vete
ran organ of high Toryism in the British realm.
There is a great deal of truth mingled with
some error in its scathing criticism on the
French revolution, and the political and social
propagandism of Europe. The error lies main
ly in overlooking, or attempting to conceal the
wrong done by the Louis Philippe dynasty,
and all the disturbed, or revolutionized gov
ernments of Europe, in so long denying re
forms when demanded alike for the safety of
the rulers, and the happiness of the governed.
The weak and absurd idea of upholding old
abuses, after the people have fully detected
them, and feel their oppression and injustice,
has led to the downfall of every government
that has adopted this mistaken notion of royal,
ty, to resist at every hazard all changes as en
croachments on the prerogatives of the crown.
Kings that will yield nothing in season, are
very apt soon to hear the fearful cry : “ It is
too la's for concessions !”
How much of substantial reform and prac
tical good the thirty-six millions of Frenchmen
will realize under their new constitution and
universal suffrage, remains to be seen and told
in coming years. We have little sympathy
with those that delight in sinister predictions.
The moral and intellectual, social and physical
cultivation and development of a great nation
is not the work of a year, nor of a generation.
To qualify the people to discharge with digni
ty and success all the responsible and moment
ous duties of self-government, nothing is plain
er than the fact, that they should be well in
formed—well educated in the largest and best
sense of the term. But if afflicted by a corrupt
and supremely selfish king and government
whose policy it is to keep the masses in igno
rance, that they may be ruled by Force in place
of Reason, what hope of general education and
■ improvement is there which should delay re
volution for a quarter of a century ? If dynas
ties and royalists deprecate revolutions, to
avoid them, they have only to govern wisely
and justly, then the people will all fight for,
instead of against, the powers that be. It is
bad governments, not good ones, which deeply
excite popular indignation, and fall by their
own rottenness. Kingcraft, and the statesman
ship of past ages are wofully deficient in plain,
common sense. Their most admired theories
of state policy have not kept pace with the in
telligence of subjects; and the men highest in
authority, who need the greatest wisdom, are in
truth the greatest dunces.
On the subjec t of free-trade, Blackwood is
particularly happy ; and his facts and argu
ment are most convincing in opposition to its
fallacies. He shows conclusively that the lead
ing feature in the protective policy is to en
courage and foster production, by protecting
alike the labor employed in agriculture, man
ufactures and commerce. It was under the
steady pursuit of this policy for more than a
century, that England became by far the rich'
est, most powerful and influential nation in the
world. At the close of the protracted and ex
pensive wars with Bonaparte in 1815, eighteen
millions of people were able to contribute
£72,000,0C 0 a year with less inconveniece than
twenty nine millions of people now give
£52,000,000 for the support of government
after thirty years of peace. The free-trade
policy now in vogue is designed to benefit the
consumer at the expense of the producer ; and
the natural result is small production associated
with large consumption.
Protection built up tens of thousands of for
tunes alike in agricultural, commercial and
mechanical pursuits. These capitalists adopt
ed the free-trade theories of Adam Smith, with
the view of appreciating the value of every
thousand pounds possessed by them, by ena
bling that sum to purchase labor, bread and
meat fifty per cent, cheaper than they were at
the time the thousand pounds were created.
In other words, a piece of coined silver that
cost them the labor of four days, under pro
tection, they now sell for six days labor,
under the depressing competition of con
tinental labor. The practical result is, that
British capital employs continental industry,
whilst the home government has some three
millions of idle paupers on its hands. This
comes from adopting a system of “taking
care of consumers, and letting producers take
care of themselves.” Truly does Blackwsod
say ; “ The old policy of England for one hun
dred and fifty years had been to take care of the
producers , and let the consumers take care of
themselves.”
Our reader has here in a nut shell the radi
cal difference in the policy of American Whigs
and Democrats. The latter encourage the
largest attainable consumption of wealth, re
gardless of home production. The former en
courage the largest attainable production,
nothing doubting that, enough of property
will be consumed in the country. Whigs look
to the productive industry of the United States,
and to saving by economy—not running into
debt to Europe—to become rich and truly inde
pendent. The Democrats look to foreign cheap
labor, and some undefined mysterious gain by
free trade, to make the rich richer—leaving the
poor to be provided for by parishes and conn,
ties as in England.
F, G. Baldwin, Esq. has assumed the edi
torial chair of the Columbus, (Miss.,) JVhig.
Mr. G. is a gentleman of highly cultivated mind
and a ready writer. We doubt not the JVhig
will render good service uuder his auspices.
Finances or Maryland. —The Report of
the State Treasurer, recently submitted to the
Legislature, exhibits a flattering condition of
the finances of the State of Maryland, from
which we condense a few items. The amo mt
in the Treasury on the Ist December, 1847,
was $328,490.46. The amount of revenue
received during the year almost exclusively
from taxation, is $1,000,572.29; which for that
small State indicates a very onerous rate.
The disbursements of the year ending Ist De
cember, 1848. were $1,013,126.43; of which
$751,166.03 was appropriated to pay the in
terest on the Stale debt —the remainder, $261,-
960.40 being applied to the support of the
state government, and other incidental charges
upon the treasury, leaving a balance in the
treasury on that day of $315,045.92.
To those citizens of Georgia who are wont to
complain of taxation in this State, we commend
this exhibit of the Treasurer of Maryland, and
beg them to recollect that while Maryland is to
Georgia as 5 to 8, yet her citizens pay into the
state treasury more than twice as much as
Georgians.
Progress of America. —An apt illustration
of the progress of our country is furnished in
the following paragraph, copied from the Phil
adelphia Port Folio of 1816:
“Early last month, three steamboats, employed in
navigating the Mississippi, were in the port of New
Orleans at one time. A company has been formed
there to have a steamboat constructed to be used on
Lake Ponchartrain and Mobile Bay and River,
These facts evince a spirit of enterprise among our
western brethren, the certain indication of their pre
sent prosperity and increasing importance in the
American Republic.”
At this day it is estimated that one thousand
steamboats are employed in the transportation
of produce on the Mississippi and its tributa
ries. Great as the increase is, which has been
accomplished in thirty-two years, in this branch
of commercial enterprise, it does not, perhaps,
surpass the rapid progress and advancemen
which our country has made in other departt
ments. Truly “ this is a great country.”
Blackwood’s Magazine.— New Volume. —
With the beginning of this year, commences
Volume Sixty-five of this prince of periodi
cals. It is just the time to subscribe for the
work. Price $3. — J. A. Millen, Agent.
A Chapter of Accidents. —A correspon
dent of the Alabama Journal writing from La
Fayette. Chambers county, furnishes the fol
lowing narrative of a series of accidents :
“ A singular accident—or rather series of ac
cidents—occurred yesterday in this county. A
young child of Mr. Willis Kellam fell into a
well on his premises, and its mother in attempt
ing its rescue, fell in. also. A negro—the only
person remaining above ground, on the place—
hastened towards a neighbor’s for assistance,
and had not proceeded far before he met Mr.
Andrew Smith on horseback, to whom he com
municated the situation of Mrs. Kellam and
the child. Smith instantly urged his horse to
full speed, and was presently dashed with great
violence against a tree. Though insensible for
some time, and terribly bruised by the fall, he
will recover. The negro got assistance, and
the good mother and her little one were taken
out of the well, very little injured. So that in
the whole of this ugly affair, no life will have
been lost—if the tree survive.”
“ Latest case of Greenness.”— J. J, Hor
pu, formerly of the Alabama Journal, an incor
rigible wag, in a recent letter to that paper,
narrates the following good anecdote as “ the
latest case of greenness :”
A lawyer who had recently become a Son of
Temperance, carried into his office, a newly
varuished,brass-bound,mahogany writing-desk.
One of the natives inspected it as it lay closed
before him, and then murmured, as if to him
self, —“quit drinking and gone to gambling,
by thunder! Faro box, by hokey, and full of
tools, no doubt! Worse and worse !”
Fugitive Slyves. —We find in the N. Y.
Express an article on the subject of the appre
hension of fugitive slaves. The question is
now under discussion in the Legislature of this
State. We transfer the remarks of the editor
to our columns with pleasure. Would Legis
lators, and the conductors of the press in the
free States, always speak as sensibly and rea
sonably on this exciting topic, and in their dis
cussion of it always keep in view the Constitu
tion of the United States, and the rights of the
South, we should hear less of disunion, and all
sections of the country would, by respecting
the opinions and recognizing the great princi
ples ofjustice, soon come to an amicable adjust
ment of a matter that hangs like a portentous
cloud over our country, and threatens to break
up our glorious Union. The following is the
article referred to. —Charleston Courier.
“It is often our ungracious task to rebuke
the two extremes of Southern and Northern
fanaticism, and so expose ourselves to the two
counteracting fires; but we have how a yet
more ungracious task than ever, and that is, to
rebuke some of our own friends in the Legis
lature, for a disposition to violate the constitu
tion of the United States in the matter of fugi
tive slaves. The Federal Constitution ordains
that—
“No person held to service or labor in one
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on
claim of the party to whom service or labor
may be due.”
“But it is proposed in our State Legislature,
and with a good deal of strength, too, to (in
substance) impose a penalty of SIOOO on any
citizen or public officer in this State who shall
attempt, or assist in attempting, to execute the
above section of the Constitution, and the laws
of Congress carrying out the same.
“We should be amazed that any two men of
sane minds couliL disagree in pronouncing
such a State act unconstitutional, did we not
see daily, from the different organization of
men’s minds, great difference of opinion even
in as clear matters as that.”
[Here follows a sketch of the debate in the
Senate.]
“ If Congress has the power to pass the laws
compelling the surrender of fugitive slaves, it
has the power to prescribe the mode and
means, and every act of a State Legislature
that comes in conflict with these means, or that
makes the exercise of them penal, is void.
“ Shall be delivered up,” are the words of
the Constitution. Such a State Law would
fine a New York citizen or officer SIOOO for
assisting or aiding in the execution of an ordi
nance of Congress, or of the laws of Congress
enacted under that ordinance. This is all
sheer fanaticism.
“ ® ut a . s Mr - Johnson [whose remarks are
published in the Express,] puts the case, such
an act of unconstitutional wrong would be an
act of bad neighborhood, and in bad faith,—
and in utter violation of the spirit and intent of
the framers ot the Constitution, and of all its
compromises. It is nullification, just as bad,
in our opinion, as was the South Carolina
nullification act of the Tariff, for that (like this)
made penal, obedience to the Federal law, by
State officers.
“ No New York Whig Legislature, we trust,
will run into these extremes. The policy is I
as bad as the measure is wrong. The people
are so keen, and their instincts are so acute,
that they will immediately see that it is carried
in the fear of “ Free Soil” and “Abolitionism” |
—and when the reaction comes, it will harm ;
every one connected with it.”
From the Philadelphia North American.
Tlie Southern Caucus.
Washington. Jan. 23—1 o’clock, A. M.
The Southern Caucus assembled last even
ing at the hour designated. The attendance
was not so large as on the former occasion, a
number of Whigs having refused to be present.
The meeting, after being organized, was open
ed by the reading of Mr. Berrien’s address.
This was followed by a spirited and vehement
discussion. Mr. Mason led oft' in opposition
to the address which he characterized as a pe
tition, and not a declaration of rights. Mr.
Bayly followed in a speech laudatory of Mr.
Calhoun’s manifesto, which he insisted took
the true ground. Mr. Gentry contended that
no action was necessary, and adduced cogent
reasons in vindication of that opinion. Mr.
Foote sustained Mr. Berrien and the views em
bodied in his address. Mr. Hilliard advocated
a postponement of the whole subject till after
the 23d of February.
At this period Mr. Stephens introduced a mo
tion declaring that it was inexpedient to adopt
any action. Mr. Bedinger and Mr. Iverson re
sisted this proposition,and advocated with great
warmth the original address. In consequence
of a remark made by Mr. Iverson. Mr. More
head inquired of him whether, in case the Wil
mot Proviso prevailed, he was in favor of dis
solution. To this question Mr. Iverson an
swered “ Yes,” and his sentiment was warmly
applauded by a portion of the Locofocos.
Mr. Rhett regarded the paper presented by
Mr. Berrien as a mere remonstrance, in no
way adapted to the exigency which existed.—
South Carolina, he said, had taken her ground
and she could not be forced to retreat. The
time for action had come ; and he was prepar
ed to engage in it in whatever form it mi»ht be
necessary. The resolution offered by Mr. Ste
phens was laid on the table. Ayes 59 ; nays
19. Considerable and very animated discus
sion followed, and Mr. Berrien’s address was
rejected by a vote of ayes 26, nays 33.
Mr. Calhoun’s Manifesto was then taken up
and adopted—ayes 32 ; nays 19. On this final
vote but a single Whig (Mr. Gayle, of Alaba
ma) voted in the affirmative. Many of the
Locofocos refused to vote at all, and some of
them voted nay. Independent.
Another Irish Refugee Arrived. —The
New York Tribune announces the arrival in
that city on Sunday, of Michael Doheny, one
of the Irish patriots, in the ship St. Nicholas
from Havre. We presume he is the famous
mountain “guerrilla” leader, whose where
abouts was so long a mystery in the hot pursuit
after him. The Tribune says:—
“ He was a lawyer practicing in the Assize Courts
of Tipperary and adjoining counties. He contributed
seme fine articles to the Dublin Nation, Irish Tribune,
&.C., and was the author of a book on “The Ameri
can Revolution,” published in Duffy’s Library. He
was an active member of the Irish Confederation.
Army Statistics.— The Adjutant General
of the army has submitted a statement to tne
Secretary of War relative to the regular troops
engaged in the Mexican war, from which the
editors of the National Intelligencer gather the
following particulars. On the Ist January,
1846, the strength of the rank and file of the
regular army was 7,194, and the enlisted men
of the ordnance 287. From that period to
June 30, 1848, the enlistments amounted to
35,912; making the grand total 43,393. In
the States j-where the greatest number of
men have been recruited are situated our large
commercial cities, where vast numbers of that
class of men who enter the army resort for em
ployment, and where great numbers of emi
grants are also constantly arriving. Many of
them disappointed in obtaining employment,
enter the army, and owing to these causes, one
half or more of those who enlist in the States
of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
Ohio are not native citizens.
From Liberia, —By the arrival at this port
on Monday, of the barque Liberia Packet,
Goodruanson, from Monrovia, we are in re
ceipt of Monrovia papers to the 18th Novem
ber. We make a summary of such items of
news as may be of interest to the friends of
this oromising Colony :
The editor of the Africa’s Luminary express
es the hope that President Roberts would ar
rive from Europe in time for the second ses
sion of the Legislature, which was shortly to
assemble for the transaction of important bu
siness.
There had been disturbances among the
native chiefs at Junk. A quarrel haring arisen
between New Town and Bargay, chiefs of
two distinct portions of the country, the result
was that the latter had the heads of three of his
enemies taken off.
-■ The same paper contains the following in
teresting account of the missionary efforts mak
ing by the colonists among the tribes.
Messurado Circuit. —Rev. E. Johnson has
the pastoral charge of this circuit, which takes
in Dunglay’s Jacks, and all the adjacent native
towns. Mr. Johnson has been very vigilant in
the duty assigned him, and has, we believe, in
a degree, met with success; king Dunglay
seems quite stubborn, and unwilling to hear
the words of eternal life, or even have it spo
ken among his people. Not long since he call
ed a council of five kings to consult upon this
God palaver which Mr. Johnson was introduc
ing among the people and turning their heads
around. He endeavored to set before hiscourt
the absolute necessity of this God palaver be
ing stopped or “it would run like fire among
dead leaves until the whole of their country
would be spoiled.” They informed Mr. John
son that through his preachingto the people,he
had disclosed the secret of the devil palaver to
their women, and therefore they could no lon
ger keep them under subjection to their for
mer customs. Upon which occasion, Mr. J.
informed them that the word that he came to
speak to them was good, and it was calculated
to make them wise unto salvation, especially
all those who believed. And he would further
inform them that this declaration was made to
them as much as it was to the most enlighten
ed, and that it was calculated to make them
new creatures in Christ.
At this argument they were astonished, and
said that they had called him to know why he
had disturbed the peace of their country, by
introducing a new doctrine in it. His reply
was, that this doctrine was of such a nature,
that it would make him a belter king than he
was, and would enable him to govern his peo
ple in a righteous and sober manner, and
oblige him to put far away from his town and
subjects all devil palavar, and make his heart j
clean from all the filthiness of heathen and sa
vage barbarity. |of sassy-wood drinking, and
make his people a righteous people.
Among the deaths published we notice that
of Rev. Frederick S. James, of the Baptist
Church, who had been laboring as a missiona
ry at the Virginia settlement on the St. Paul’s.
He died it Monrovia, having been afflicted for
a few days previous with a pain in the head, a
disorder, says the editor, “so common, and
generally regarded as so trivial in this coun
try.” — Balt. Amer.
Disasters on the Western Rivers.—
According to the St. Lotus Union the total
number of steamboats which have met with dis
asters on the Western rivers during the past
year is 100. Os this number 59 were totally
lost. By the various accidents 295 lives were
lost. No estimate is attempted of the loss of
property. On fourteen of the boats SIIB,OOO
were insured.
TELEGRAPHIC INTELLI
GBNCB.
Transmitted for the Chronicle <fc Sentinel*
Charleston Market*
Cotton. —Sales yesterday 1,500 bales, at extremes
langing from 54 to 7 cents. Prices of Thursday welj
sustained.
Savannah Market.
Cotton. Sales yesterday 1,500 bales at extremes
ranging from 5} to 6f cts. Market quiet.—Re
publican.
! From the Charleston Mercury of yesterday By
Telegraph.
From Washington.
Washington, Jan. 25.6 P. M.
The Senate, to-day. after the reception of
several private bills, adjourned.
House of Representatives. —After the commit
-1 tee were called for reports, and the adoption
of several resolutions, a debate on the Array
bill sprung up, which continued until three o’-
clock, when the House resolved itself into
Committee of the Whole, and the debate was
continued by Messrs. Thompson, of Indiana,
and Nicoll and Rockwell, of Connecticut.
The Committee then rose, reported the bill to
the House, which was passed, and the House
adjourned.
Mr. Thompson, of Indiana made a concilia
tory speech on slavery.
Mr. McKay reported a bill authorising the
coining of gold dollars, and also a bill regula
ting mileage.
From the Baltimore American — By Telegraph.
Cincinnati, Jan. 23.—The weather here
has moderated; business is brisker. The
Cholera is disappearing from amongst us, arid
less apprehension is felt in regard to it.
Our most reliable intelligence from Ken
tucky is that Mr. Clay will accept the office of
Senator, if elected to that high station, of which
there now appears to be no doubt.
A fair business is doing in Provisions, and a
large number of hogs are being brought in and
slaughtered. Lard 5|- a G cents per lb. But
ter 8i a 9 cents in kegs, and 11a Hi cents for
roll. ' _
NEW YORK, Jan. 25. —Cotton was firm at the
quotaiiona of the preceding day. Sales of upwards of
1,000 bales were effected.
Two hundred tierees Rice sold at3J a 3|.
. In Bread Stuffs there was no change. Lard dull
at 6to 7. Treasury Notes stood at 1094 » New Loan
at 109 J. — Courier , by Telegraph.
NEW YORK, Jan. 25, G P. M.—The Cotton
market remains steady and unchanged, all parties
anxiously awaiting the arrival of the steamer.
Breadstuff's are dull. Treasury Notes 8| ; U. S.
sixes, new loan, 94 pretn. —Mercury by Tel.
From the Sandwich Island Neics.
Mutiny and Horrible Massacre at Sea.
. Schooner Amelia, Tuesday, Oct. 3, 1848.
[ Extract from the Log. —About four bells in
the middle watch, a tremendous noise on deck
—yelling and hallooing —starboard watch on
• deck. The second mate, Kitano, hnd gone for
ward at the time, in consequence of the swing
ing-boom guy giving way. He was immedi
ately fell upon by the three men Jose Torres,
Andreas Baldibezo and Jose Calero, and left
dying on the deck. Capt. Alva hearing the
noise came on deck and asked what was the oc
casion of the noise. The ringleader, Torres,
told him nothing, only a bad wind. Mr. Cook,
passenger, came up after the captain. As the
latter was retreating aft, he was attacked by the
three men and stabbed in several places. He
however managed to get down into the cabin,
and in reaching for a cutlass, endeavored to
• make Mr. .McNally, who had just turned out
on hearing the noise, comprehend what was
going on. He then, with the cutlass in hand,
gained the top of the companion, but was
stabbed mortally by two men, one on each
' side; he fell back and staggering intD the cab
in expired. Mr. Cook, seeing the captain run
ning aft, pursued by the murderers, endeavored
to get down into the cabin, but was stabbed
through the back, left a little while on deck and
afterwards thrown overboard. The murder
ers then went forward, called the larboard
watch, and showing their bloody knives, told
them that they had murdered all aft except Mr.
McNally, English master, Mrs. Cook, and her
servant, Mary Hudson ; and that they were in
command of the vessel, and if one of them re
fused to obey their orders they would murder
him directly. They then threw the body of the
second mate overboard, and commanded the
ship to be put about and steered for the coast
of Peru. The remainder of the crew had no
arms to defend themselves, and if the least hes
itation wasshown, the knife wasat their throa’s.
They then went down into the hold and brought
up large stones and pieces of lead, which were
laid on the deck for the purpose of killing Mr.
McNally. About 8 o’clock A. M., they spoke,
(by the carpenter) to Mr. McNally, assuring
him that if he laid down his arms and submit
ted quietly they would not take his life. lie
would not consent to that, but told them that if
they would allow him, with the females, to be
put, with what things they required into the
gig and sent adrift, he would not trouble them
at all, but would show them what course to
take for the place to which they wanted to go.
The three then spoke together, and answered
that what he required s> ould be done. They
then passed the necessaries he wished to take
with him, on deck, and one of them went down
and got the course, for Malabrigo, from him.
Trusting to their faith, he went on deck un
armed. They had putthe ship aback and given
pretended orders for forwarding the boat; but
seeing it was not done, he went lo the cabin
sky-light and told the females not to come up
then as the boat was not ready. He was step
ping from the sky-lightto the side of the vessel,
when he was seized upon and thrown over
board. The murderers then filled upon the ves
sel and ordered all sail to be made. They then
went down into the cabin, look all the gold they
could find and broughtiton deck, making every
one in the vessel take his share. They then
dressed themselves in the clothes belonging to
the murdered, destroyedall papers they thought
offensive, with many valuables which were
thrown ovrrboard. The captain’s body was
tied up ami with heavy weights sunk. They
were shifting clothes four or five times a day,
and parading the decks, They comraande'd
the jib topsail to be cut away ; fitted new swing
ing-boom gear and mainboom guys.
Wednesday, 4th, John Smith, born in Rot
terdam, Holland; Wm. Peter Cbristiansan,
Norway; Frank Feering, St. Michaels, Wes
tern Islands ; John Berringer, Bordeaux, Fr.;
Jose Bilboa, Spain, proposed a plan to take
the lives of the murderers that night, and which
was communicated to the rest of the crew, (four
excepted.) The carpenter’s axe, maul, pump
breaks, boarding-spikes, &c., were to be ready
for the purpose. At 4 o’clock P. M., the three
murderers brought up a quantity of wine,
which was offered to the men iu order to make
them drunk. This being done, Andreas Bal
dibezo went down into the hold, cut open one
of the bags ot silver and brought up some
which he threw about the deck, they then com
menced playing together for gold. Afterwards
they got a muster of fire arms together, trying
which was the best, and loading them with
heavy charges. One of them from the foot of
the companion way, discharged a loaded pistol
at the man at the wheel (John Srpith) without
effect. They then put the arms away for that
time, but told the females they should have oc
casion for them in the morning. They then
came on deck, (half past 9 P. M.,) Jose Cale
ro, having the first watch, and who was to call
the other two at 12 o’clock, At 10 o’clock John
Smith was relieved from the wheel and went
to the lee side of the long boat and asked the
carpenter if the implements were ready. The
carpenter replied yes, all ready, but the axe
was below. John Smith then went below in
the steerage and brought it up, and told the
boys, Charles and Thomas, to have the board -