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AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
THURSDAY MORMVO,.. ..MARCH 11, 1858.
Mu. Jenree* was the Instructor in Penmanship,
whose presence in the City we designed to announce
yesterday. The types often misrepresent us.
The Union Convention.
In their card, calling the Convention of the Union
Party, which we published some days since, the
Central Committee state the object of the Conven
tion to be “for the purpose of taking into cousid
oration the propriety of sending delegates to the
Baltimore Presidential nomination.”
In giving publicity' to this card, the Journal and
M ■"■•coyer thus notices this peculiar phraseology;
“The call of the Central Committee, it will be
observed, is fora Convention “for the purpose of
taking into consideration the propriety of sending
delegates to the Baltimore Presidential nomination.”
The plain inference from this phraseology is, thpt
the Convention when it assembles can only consider
the question of sending delegates to the Baltimore
Convention. Against this statement of the object
of the Convention we protest, and deny the'au
thority of the Central Committee to make it.
Whatever authority the Committee has, is derived
from the Legislative Caucus of the Union Party, re
cently held in Milledgeville. The second resolution
of that Caucus provided for the creation of a Cen
tral Committee, and expressed the objects of its
creation. That resolution is in the following words:
" rn/. That in order to perfect the policy, ami
to carry ovt the well settled, principles of the Consti
into ami Union Party a Side Central Committee of
seven, h< appointed by this meeting, whose duty it shall
la, at the proper time’, to cedi a Convention, composed
of d ‘ able the number of Representatives from each
vaunty, to assemble at the Capital at such time as said
Committee may desiam.de, to take into considera
tion THE NEXT PrESIDENTAL ELECTION.”
“There is no authority given to the Committee
bj tliis resolution, to call a Convention to appoint
delegates to the Baltimore Convention, or auy
other Convention; but simply “to take into con
sideration the next Presidental election.”
“We know to at this eall fora Convention, as it
is now published, is not approved of by some of
the gentlemen whose names are attached to it, and
we must believe that its phraseology, to which we
object, was inadvertently adopted. Be this as it
may, we would earnestly urge our friends to send
delegates to the Convention, untrammelled and
uninstructed, except to maintain the principles of
the Union Party, and to select as delegates their
wisest and best men, who may by their action, se
cure the fruits of our recent victories, and inaugu
rate a canvass which shall give us still more bril
liant success, and consolidate our power.
According to our notions, it is matter of little
consequence how the call is worded. The supreme
power in this country is in the People; and when
they, or their delegates, assemble in convention,
they will not be apt to pay much deference to the
opinions of the Central Committee, unless in ac
cordance with their own, or ask of the Committee
•what subjects they shall or shall not discuss and
act upon. Those who drew the call, we presume,
arf very anxious to send delegates to the variegated
Baltimore compound of Tree-Soil and Secession
Democracy ; hence the particular phraseology,
which was designed to keep that matter promi
nently before the people. This we like, and shall
endeavor to aid the Committee in keeping the
question in a very prominent position before the
Union Party of Georgia.
Foreign Policy of the Administration.
TVpkuk ha- probably never been an administra
tion s’tliis government, whose foreign policy has
been more eminently successful, and which was
so universally approved by the intelligent, conser
vative and patriotic portion of the American peo
ple, us that of Mr. Fillmore. That there should
bu found those who oppose, condemn, and even
denounce, inopprobious terms, that policy, is not
only natural but to be expected ; nay, desired, for
the opposition of extremeists and altruists always
affords high evidence of conservatism and earnest,
devoted patriotism in political affairs. Their op
positiou and denunciations are therefore infinitely
ui‘>re to be courted thfiu their praise ; tor they
serve to warn the masses, as a light-house the
mariner of breakers, of the dangers of approach
ing too near their positions. That Mr. Fillmore
should have drawn down upon his own and the
heads of Ills cabinet, the condemnation of such
men, while they have, with an ability unsurpassed,
sedulously guarded and protected the interests
and honor of the nation and the rights of the citi
zens. should be cause of gratulation to every lover
of his country. It augurs well for the republic,
because it gives assurance that they are building
up the country, promoting the prosperity of the
people, and finishing, perfectingand strengthening
the glorious fabric, reared by the hands of patriots,
sages and sires against the assaults of the des
tructives.
V.'e have been led into these reflections on read
me the following appropriate, and well-timed ar
ticle from that able, conservative journal, the New
Orleans Jiviletin:
“ The firmness, masterly diplomacy and inflexi
ble maintenance of the individual rights of Ameri
can citizens and of the honor of the country, dis
playcd bvMc-srs, Fillmore and Webster, in their
official intercourse with foreign nations, have
attracted wid -spread, if not universal, admira
tion. The direction of foreign affairs—now im
mensely important, and becoming more so every
year—could not have been confided to an abler,
truer, or a more patriotic statesman. The present
illustrious Secretary of State has added new lau
rels to the unfading wreat h which already encircled
his brow by his wise, prudent, careful and trans
eendently able management of the vast, compli
cated and momentous, concerns committed to his
charge as chief of the State Department. Without
his cool, cautious head, immense knowledge of
international law, profound, yet thoroughly practi
cal- -the decided and positive, irresistible in argu
ment, yet courteous nature of his official corres
pondence with the representatives of foreign gov
ernments, the United Slates would,there is scarce
ly room for doubt, have been involved ere this in
costly, bloody and ruinous wars—alike destructive
to commerce, industrial pursuits, to progress and
prosperity, and to the diffusion of free principles
and republican institutions throughout the earth.
To his patriotic and unequalled diplomacy, which,
while it preserved peace, maintained unsullied the
honor of the country and the rights of the citizens
entitled to claim the protection of its flag, the
present harmonious relations of the United States
with European powers is to he mainly attributed.
The foreign policy of the administration may be
assailed by unscrupulous demagogues who are only
enabled to obtain notoriety during a hotly contest
ed canvass, by the virulence of their abuse, the
baseness of their slanders, and reckless and bois
terous conduct, just as the agitation of a body of
water brings to the surface the foul and noisome
substances which had been hidden beneath. As
in the waters, so in the political world. When
agitation subsides, berth descriptions of tilth, hu
man and vegetable, disappearto their natural depth,
only to be witnessed again by the operation of
aimilar causes.
But, while the pimps of the opposition mar take
prid.' in their assaults upon the foreign policy of
the administration, and enjoy the dirty work in
proportion to the baseness of the calumnies they
may invent, it is a .source of gratification that the
statesmen of the party bold to, and express open
ly, entirely different opinions. *
Gen. Cass, at the conclusion of bis remarks on
the resolution calling upon President Fillmore for
information relative to the firing upon the Prome
theus by a British vessel of war near Greytown,
justly said;
“‘I must express my gratification, in looking
over the papers, at the ground taken by Mr. Crit
tenden in his* communication with the French and
British Ministers. lie laid down the true doctrine,
the doctrine for which we have always contended ;
and I trust the administration will firmly adhere
to it. They w ill meet, lam sure, with the general
concurrence of the country. This is precisely one
of those questions before which party disputes
should be hushed, and which appeal to the hearts
of the whole American people.”
When the foreign policy of the President is en
dorsed by such a man, it seems to us that propriety
would dictate to opposition organs a cessation of
their gross and unwarrantable attacks.”
Georgia State Convention.—The Union Cen
tral Committee of Georgia, have called a State
Convention at Milledgeville, on the 22d of April,
for the purpose of taking into consideration the
measures recommended by a legislative caucus la.,t
winter. From appe.rcnces, the scheme of Cobb,
Toombs and a few'others will fail, and the Union
men of that State will not be transferred like cattle
to the support of a Baltimore Convention, with
1 reesoilers. Cobb is now on at Washington, and
large expectations seem to be entertained of his
ability to bring the Union party into alliance with
the Northern - Freesoilers and Anti-compromise
party. These will be disappointed.
Wk clip the above from the Montgomery Jour
nal for the purpose of correcting the erroneous
impression, into which that paper has fallen in re
lation to the position of the Hon. K. Toombs, to
whom we are satisfied the Journal would not in
tentionally do injustice. It is sufficient, therefore,
for our purpose, to state that Mr. Toombs does not
favor the policy of sending delegates to the Balti
more Convention. On the contrary, he approves
of the position of his colleague Mr. Stephens.
In justice to Gov. Cobb, whose presence in
Washington is subject to misconstruction from the
above paragraph, it is proper to remark, that lie was
on Ids way to New York, in the discharge of an
official duty, (the negotiation of the States' bonds,)
and availed himself of the opportunity thus afford
ed, as he was passing through to spend a few days
among his Jfcnerous friends in Congress and
Washington City. To wliich no reasonable excep
tion could be taken by the veriest caviller, for “a
strict construction of the Constitution and the re
solutions of ’9B and ’99.”
# •
Fine Cotton.—A crop lot of sixty-four bales of
Cotton, said to be the finest sold in this market
this season, was sold by Buford & Beall yes
terday, at B}j cents. It was made by J. Gartrell,
Esqr.,of Wilkes County.
The Rabun Gap Road.
The following communication, which we copy
from the Charleston Mercury, contains more sound
practical, common sense views and suggestions in
relation to this Road, than any article we have seen
in a Charleston journal. We will not even except
the wise reflections and sage counsels of that fa
mous railroad manager, Col. James Gadsden, late
President of the Charleston road:
Messrs. Editors:— But a few weeks have passed
since the word “Rabun” was made known for the
first time to the Charleston public; and already,
our merchants, in the language.of O’Noail,
“with their accustomed liberality, will not fail to
subscribe at least $250,000 ! A good many jokes
were passed some years ago upon a Railroad mania
in England; caricatures of school boys steaming
their iron-horses by various lines towards the
school hon»», -li tre struck off’, and drew smiles from
the boldest projectors on this side, self-satisfied
that they would neve" be victims of a mania. But,
unfortunately, some kinds of infatuation are too
common to human nature in all climes, and the no
tion that there can be no limit to the liberality of
our merchants deserves to be discussed. They,
doubtless, are anxious not to forfeit all claim to
this compliment, and yet there are many who very
reasonably desire the objects of this liberality to be
presented in more lights than the usual ones of ex
travagant praise before they determine on action.
A short review of those instances where Charles
ton has already ventured her capital, may remind
them that they now have irons m the fire which
will require all their attention to manage advan
tageously.
The “liberal” argument has made Charleston
embark m two very important investments—the
Nashville Road and the Memphis Road, together
nearly a million dollars; the former, and the hea
viest, was made some time ago, but not long
f ugh yet to call it anything but an experiment—
.e other is quite recent.
It was generally understood that a condition,
and a very just one, was attached to our $500,000
in the Nashville Road—this was that its construc
tion if not begun at this end, should at least be car
ried on simultaneous!v from both ends. Instead of
this, we rend of nearly a hundred miles on tke
Nashville end being completed before ofife lias been
put in operation on this, thus losing to the city an
interest on her investment for all this lost time. I f
there was such a condition, and as far as we have
heard, such was the cascq it has been grossly viola
ted by that Company; it there was not, an act of
injustice to our large contribution has been com
mitted in the face of our representation in their
board of directors. So far then this has not paid.
In the case of the Memphis Road, although no
such violation has occurred, yet the interest of
Charleston has been decidedly slighted. Instead
of locating a line from Decatur by Gunter’s Land
ing to Rome, thus affording a near approach to the
air line between Memphis and Charleston, an evi
dent twist has been made northwardly to join the
Nashville Road, and in vjew of the speedy comple
tion ofthe great Lynchburg and Knoxville Road,
this deflection has “an awful squinting” towards
Virginia. The port of Norfolk, Recording to Lieut,
Maury, has as good prospects as, and a better har
bor than Charleston ; so that the e may he in time
more propiety in saying the Memphis and Norfolk
than the Memphis and Charleston Road. A glance
at Kenan’s late map will illustrate this. Thus the
liberality of our merchants perhaps will have to
content itself with the dividends of the Memphis
Road, while a large part of their business goes to
Norfolk. To return :
\V hen the word Eabtin first appeared, it wavs in
connection with Chattanooga; eve now find it
coupled with Knoxville ; and that a hasty exami
nation of a route from Anderson to that'place has
been made, upon which eve are told eve should sub
scribe $250,000. In the instance of Chattanooga it
is reasonable to suppose that the inconvenience of
transportation at Augusta would go far towards a
considerable outlay, but it is questionable evhether
this would be less in building a new Road (and
such an one as the Chattanooga bussiness requires,
none of the modern trestle trap-stick one horse
Roads) than what would be needed to buy out
Augusta, and double track the Georgia and Caroli
na Roads. In fine, if Augusta is the only barrier to
our trade, cannot her consent be procured by a
less sum than will be needed to build a new Road
around her? If she is not the. only barrier, and
another line is necessary to do the business of
Chattanooga, we venture to say that a double track
could be laid from that place to this, alonside of
the old line, for leas than it would take to build the
Rabun Gap Road and relay the Greenville Road,
which, if travellers stories and the detail of crashes
be true, will require it ere long. The State Road
of Georgia is ready graded for a double track ; but
the cause of complaint is not so much the want of
room, a? the wretched system of management which
must attend all roads subject to the changes of
State politics.
Now, the line from Rabun to Knoxville can have
no effect at all upon Augusta. Is all trade from thc
interior of Georgia, Alabama, West and Middle
Tennessee, to go up to Knoxville, and then down
to (Charleston by the Rabun and Greenville Roads ?
If it does not, and accumulates at Augusta, as it
will do, of what avail then will be our proposed
$250,000? Augusta is the difficulty: and any
scheme which offers itself now, should be put to
this test; “can it help this difficulty ?” The city
has heavy investments in two Roads, which must
bring their produce to us through Augusta, and it
would be neglecting this interest, to invest in ano
ther entirely distinct direction the money we
should apply toward the removal of the Augusta
obstacle, which holds back our returns from those
two Roads. To divide time and money between
these two Roads, which, by dexterous management,
may be of immense value to her, and another
which is of minor importance, does seem no saga
cious policy.
Let us then cease 11 gap- ing” over a new and
doubtful route among the mountains, wish the Ra
bun Road nil success, but take care of our already
important difficulties in the way of that rich trade
de.-tined to pass over the Nashville and the Mem
phis Roads. Halifax.
We think it is Dow Jr., who gives the following
quaint advice in one of his “Patent Sermons
Let your home be provided with such comforts
and necessaries as piety pickles, potatoes, pots and
kettles, brushes, tongs, brooms and benevolence,
bread and chanty, cheese and faith, flour, affection
cider, sincerity, onions integrity, vinegar, wine
and wisdom. Have all these always on hand, and
happpiness will be with you. Dont drink anything
intoxicating— eat moderately—go about your bu
siness after breakfast—lounge a little after dinner
—chat after tea —and kiss after quarreling ; and all
the joy, the peace, and the bliss this world can
afford shall be yours, till the grave closes over you,
and your spirits are borne to a brighter and a hai>-
pier sphere. So may it be.
Spirits and Skgars.— lt is said that the Secretary of the
Treasury’s Reports will show the curious fact, that in the
fiscal year, ’6O-’sl, the amount of imports of
Brandy were $2,124,000
Other Spirits, 466,000
$2,590,000
1 Whilst of Seyars alone there were.. 52,621,000
ADDRESS OF HOW. A. H. STEPHENS,
! OF GEORGIA,.
Before the Maryland Institute. on the evening of 23 cl
i February, in Commemoration of the Birthday of
Washington.
Respected Auditory.— Ladies and Gentlemen :—
I need r.ot assure you that I feel very much em
barrassed in rising to add ess you under the cir
cumstai ces in which I appear before you. I had
expected to be preceded by another gentlemen,
wao would have presented the most prominent
pomts for the evening's entertainment ; but I
find myself in the foreground instead of the shade
of the picture. I am also admonished by the
place of our assembling, a building dedicated to
mechanical skill and art, that all who bring offer
ings for exhibition here should have them perfect
ed by the cxactest rules of correct taste and due
proportion. What I have to say will be the crude
thoughts which the time and occasion suggest.
When I gave my reluctant consent to bo thus" sit
uated, I said to the friend who urged me to it, as
no other person could be got to assume the task,
“Well, prepared or unprepared, I’ll speak. It
shall not be said that the birthday of Washington
goes begging for an orator.” You will nlease then
bear with me. Berides yoUr kind indulgence, I
have but one support on which I rely, and that is
the consciousness that out of the abundance of the
heart the mouth speaketh. The occasion presents
a theme with which all our hearts should be full.
It is our country, our whole country, and nothing
but our country ! We have just heard read the
Farewell Address of the Father of this, our Coun
try. This may justly be considered the last will
and testament of our common parent to us, his
children. It bequeaths a rich legacy of wise les
sons and precepts which deeply concern our
future political welfare that should never be for
gotten.
I propose, first, to say something of the author
of these lessons, and then say something of the
lessons themselves, and their bearing upon our
present and coming interests.
In speaking of Washington, it is not my object
to attempt a delineation of his character, or to
pronounce a eulogy becoming his name and his
memory. Well might I shrink from an underta
king which the ablest and the best men in his own
day and out s have failed to succeed in. There are
some things in nature which defy the powerof
the pencil ; and Washington’s is a character that
no hand can portray. Its merits are to be appre
ciated only by the emotions its excites by actual
contemplation ; we must look at it, behold it, and
study it to realize its grand proportions and gigan
tic structure. Somo suppose and maintain that
circumstances make men ; that circumstances
made Washington. Not so. Men make circum
stances. It is true that events and accidents raay
occasionally give position and notoriety to even
small men ; and in the whirl of public affairs un
deserving men may sometimes get attached to their
names and memory what we call distinction and
fame. Such, indeed, may be called the creatures
of circumstances. But those great events that
mark epochs m the history of nations and in the
history of the world are the works of men, and
they always Lorn- upon them impress of the
master spirit of the times. Greatftncn make me
subjects of history; little men only figure in them.
All greatness is, of course, comparative ; and
with mind it is in some respects as it is with mat
ter —the same law obtains in the intellectual as in
the material or physical world. There is something
in mind not unlike what is called gravity or gravi
tation in bodies. Each and every one within the
sphere of its influence acts and is acted upon by
all others. But the larger, denser, and greater
always predominates in its power over the smaller
and weaker. The lesser is subject to the influence
of the greater. This is true of the heavenly bodies,
as our school hooks teach us. A similar principle
governs mind and intellect. And, tested by this
principle, where does Washington stand ? What
was Ins influence over his associates, and - who
wore his associates ? They were Franklin and Jef
ferson, and Hancock and Hamilton, and Madison.
Samuel Adams and John Adams, Jay, Lee and
Patrick Henry, and many others who will live in
history as peers amongst the greatest men both as
orators and statesmen, that this earth has ever <riv
en birth to. “There were intellectual giants" in
those days.” No mistake about that. And these
wore the men on the stage with Washington when
the greatest drama of the world came off—the
American Revolution—and the establishment of
the Constitution of the United States. I speak of
those events as constituting the greatest uraWhy
of the world—because, though history mar £pve
m art aeeount of wore -Woody butties and more
tragical incidents, rot never had there been before
nor has there been since anything like a similar
contest, in which the true principles of human lib
erty were not only involved but successful.
The success of our arms and the establishment
of our independence was hut a scene in that dra
matic act. The great work was the establishment
of the principle of self government amongst men.
That was no easy task. Every age has produced
men who could win victories and overturn em
pires. But no age ever before or since has pro
duced men who had the ability, the forecast, the
integrity, the will, the patriotism, and the philoso
phical statesmanship to construct a form of gov
ernment, or political organism, by which rational
liberty—liberty regulated and protected by law—
could be enjoyed equally by every citizen of the
State. Such is American liberty ! And in it is
involved a problem that the law-givers of the
world from the days of Moses to the meering of the
Philadelphia Convention were not able to solve.
But by them it was solved—we live happily and
prosperously under the success of the experiment
And wno was among these greatest of the worlds
great men f* To whom were all eves in any peril
and in my danger turned ? To whom did all look
in the field as well as in the Cabinet ? It was
Washington ! Great as wore Franklin, Jefferson,
Madison, Jay, and Hamilton, and Adams, they all
looked to Washington as the ruling spirit of the
day. Me was if you nlease, the great central sun
about and around whica the others,as lesser orbs, re
volved in their majestic spheres, each being himself
the centre of another, but a smaller system. When
the straggle with the parent country first com
menced, all looked to him to lead the armies to
victory and triumph. When the articles of Union
needed revision, all looked to him to give directions
to their councils. When the constitution was
formed, all looked to him as the man to put the
system in operation. View him when you will or
where you will—in the parlor or in the public
in the army or in the convention, as Gen
eral ox President, in adverse or propitious fortunes
—and you will see him at all times, “first in peace
first in war, and first in the hearts or his country
men.” Tell me not that such a man owes his
greatness to circumstances. He bore nature’s
stamp of true nobility of soul ! Ho had the
genius not only to throw off a Government which
was then the best the world had, but to recon
struct and establish another and a better in its
stead.
There are many points in this great man’s char
acter that it might be agreeable to dwell on. It is
often ao less pleasant than profitable to philosophize
on character.—With this view biographies are en
tertai aing and instructive. Character is motitive
exemplified by action; and its study is the best
key to those secret causes which often determined
the fate of nations. In Washington’s character
there is nothing more strking than the entire ab
sence of selfishness—that nutriment on which un
holy ambition feeds. His action was prompted by
a sense of duty, and from no desire of what is com
monly called glory. Office with him was a high
trust which he never sought and which he never
held either for its honors or emoluments, lie never
flattered either the King when he was a subject,
nor tie people wheu bo was chosen to be their ru
ler. And no man could ever say that lie was de
ceived by him. Truth, fidelity, temperance, fru
gality, sobriety, fortitude, courage, patience, for
bearance, witn undeviating integrity and honesty
—tha; honesty which you have just heard read as
an injunction in his Farewell Address as the best
policy in all things—shine as bright virtues in his
character. What lessons might be taken from a
study of his life and acts by many of those in our
day who aspire to statesmanship by no nobler
deeds. than tricks and intrigues ; by scheming, con
triving, colluding cheating, misrepresenting, and
oven by.
“ 'londinp the pregnant hinges cf the Into
Where thrift may follow fawning.”
You see in him none of the wily arts of the de
magogue or crafty politician. In all things he was
open, frank, hold, and right. There was about him
a perfect simplicity of character as well os grandeur.
Somo men we read of we contemplate with emo
tions similar to those we experience in beholding
a beautiful landscape—such are Fenelon, Addison,
or Sir Waltar Scott. Others have those traits which
awaken feelings akin to the terrible —such are
Genghis Kahn, Tamerlane, and Bonaparte. But in
Washington we have an approximation to the
highest order of the moral sublime. What virtue
was wanting in him, or what vice was ever laid to
his < iiarge i Some venture criticism from the fact
that he availed himself of the assistance of others
in the preparation of some of his State papers.
This only snows his juster claims to true greatness.
Wise men will always avail themselves of all the
- aids they can procure to carry out and perfect their
high designs. Sir Christopher Wren did none of
the manual labor in the erection of that magnificent
creation of genius which will render his name as
end iring as the dome] of St. I‘aul’s. He was the
designer, the architect, the constructor. So with
Washington. Replanned, he superintended the
structure. Hie aids contributed to him by others
were no more to the grand result his genius gave
* by the proper application then the quarrying the
stone and dressingNCie marble were to the desigrief
and ideal constnn A>r of that towering monument
to his memory of which your city may justly be
■ proud. He had cinrnanded ofthe intellect of the
age. And he brought proper materials, from what
ever quarter he fotnd them, to aid in rearing and
finishing the majestic temple of American liberty
which is now the yonder and admiration of man
kind. He was thi master builder, and in him was
“A combinatioaani a form indeed,
Where every God did seem to set a seal
To give the wqid assurance of a Rian 1”
It is said that perfection is not the lot of human
nature. It is also said that the sun has spots on
it. If there be an r defect or blemish in the claar
ae er of him who e birth-day we now celebrate,
they must be life those spots on the sun —they
can’t be seen, at Ii list with the naked eye. No one
has ever yet seen hern in his case, even with a tele
scope. No, lam ioofost! It has lately been dis
co ored by one fn in abroad, whose advent amongst
us has been hailej t bv cerb’in latter-day saints qx
politics as a secoiid Messiah, that he was sbghtly
touched with a certain species of obUqndy in hia
oolitical vision; that, he did not see straight; that
no was in gre,.t error, at least in some of those
precepts which v.h have heard to-night.
Tliis brings mtfto that part of my subject. I was
first to speak ofthe counsellor, *ai then of his
counsels. The hsed we give to adv-ce should de
pend somewliat upon the worth and estimation wo
have for him wh| gives it. The teachings we have
heard to-night, then, should certainly be respected
in consideration of the source from which they
come. They relate mainly, so far as I shall allude
to them, to two ’ ! ‘ : <'•
The first is tlie Velation which the people of the
States bear toward each other in the oo upaot of
Union. _ *
The second is the relation which we as a people
bear toward other nations.
Both these subjects are of vast importance to the
peace, quiet, and prosperity of the people of the
lb States, and on both did Washington dwell in
his last words to his countrymen, with the earnest
ness of a departing father in his dying iniunetions
upon the children of his love and his hope. The
first of these objects with him was the Union of
the States. For' he saw that without union we
should soon be without liberty. He bad not read
history in vain. He saw that if once the States were
divided, border jealousies and jdisseusions would
soon spring up; that wars the most implacable
would follow; and that our career, so nobly begun,
would be cut short and end ultimately in despo
tism. Hence he has invoked us to look to the
Union as the u palladmm of our political safety and
prosperity,” and to frown down the “first dawning
of every attempt to alienate any portion ofthe peo
ple of one section of our country from the rest, or
to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together
the various parts.” lam here to-night to advocate
the Union upon these principles. What has it not
already done for us ? What rapid and unprecedent
ed advancement have we made under its influence
in commerce, in art, in science, and in every thing
that elevates, ennobles, and dignifies man! * What
would have been our condition without it? Im
poverished, discordant, and belligerent petty sov
ereignties, without power at home, and without
lUSpCvb
We cannot, therefore, be too ardent in our at
tachment to tbc Union, when we consider its ob
jects, and what it is capable of effecting, so long as
those objects arc kept in view. But allow me,’fol
low-citizens—and 1 have the privilege as well as
pleasure of thus addressing you under the pro
visions of this Union—to say that upon the subject
of the Union and its preservation we must not let
our zeal take the place of knowledge. The Union,
wi flirt he Constitution as its basis,'is a complicated
and delicately constructed system of Government.
It is n political organization, and it is with it, as it
is with all other organizations or organism, there
are certain general principles that must be looked
to when we consider what will probably disturb its
ouorations. Its host friends, then, will be those
wnb most carefully study those general principles,
which may he denominated the laws regulating its
existence. Tt> understand how to preserve it re
quires a thorough knowledge of its nature; its or
ganic structure, an well as the relations and func
tions of all its points. Life in my body is an
emanation of the animal organism of the* various
parts of my physical frame. To preserve this life
I must observe'the general laws or principles that
regulate it. The Union is the life, the spirit, and
soul of our body politic. To preserve it there are
certain general principles to be observed. One of
the first of them is a constant attention to the ob
jects for which it was formed. The life and spirit
of tUeJUitk l * si .ring from the objects for which it
was formed. To presewo ite llfo cud spirit, t i !f »
bare name, without the substance, must always be
held subordinate to the original or vital principle.
V. hen the soul has departed the dead body may
remain for a while, but the energies and functions
of the living man will be gone to return no more.
So with our Government. Nothing is more essen
tial to its existence and preservation than that
harmony and domestic tranquility in nil its parts
wliich were amongst the prominent objects of its
creation. Every attempt, therefore, to alienate the
affections of the people from their Government, as
well as every attempt to invoke the action of the
Gove -ament on such objects as will have this ten
dency, should be endignantly frowned down by every
true lover of h : s country, wherever his lot may be
cast. This is Patriotism. I ani not one of those
who believe that patriotism is indigenous to any
particular locality in our country more than anotli
er. It is a plant of as spontaneous and luxuriant
a growth upon the green mountains of Vermont
and the granite hills of Now Hampshire and Mas
sachusetts, as it is upon the broad savannahs ofthe
South or the rich prairies oT the West. Bad and
reckless men may be found in all sections. But
we have never yet passed a crisis (and we have
had many in our history) when there was not pa
triotism enough in all parts, when thoroughly
aroused, to rescue us from difficulty. From this
fact alone the friends of the Union upon the prin
ciples of the Constitution, here to-night, have
abundant reason to indulge a confident hope for
the future. But I must pass on. The other point
I promised to allude to is the subject of our foreign
relations. This is becoming a matter of grave and
momentous importance for the consideration of tl o
American people. It was a matter that the far-see
ing eye of Washington did not overlook. Hence
his emphatic and solemn warning which you hate
just beard '■'•against the insidias wiles of foreign in
fluence (7 conjure yon to believe me, my fellow-citi
zens) the jealousy of a free people, ought to be constant
ly awalceP
Tnis was the language of the pal: ‘ot and sage
in Ins last words to his countrymen. The hand
that penned it has long since returned to its moth
er dust; but the same voice still comes from bis
tomb at Mount Vernon, and here this night invokes
you, for bis sake if not your own, to hearken to
that voice. Again be says: "The great rule of cone
duct for vs in regard fa foreign nations is, in ex
tending our commercial relvtions, to have with them
as Util' political connexion as possible .” From that
dav to this—for more than half a century—we have
followed that advice. Our motto from that time to
tliis, in the language of Mr. Jefferson, has been
“Friendship tcith all nations—entangling alliances
with none. —And 1 am proud to say that no Amer
ican—no son of Washington, not even the most
degenerate—was the first to advocate a change of
this policy. It was reserved for the son of anoth
er and a distant clime—a man, too, who had aban
doned his own country in the hour of her peril, to
come here to teach us how to make ours great,
prosperous and powerful. For the honor of Ame
ricans, I say, be it spoken, that this first attempt to
arraign the wisdom of Washington on this ques
tion of our foreign policy was made by a foreigner.
Would that I could say that no American had
yielded to “the insidious wiles of his influence.”
But the virus has taken effect; it is spreading
through the land ; and we now hear it openly pro
claimed, in many places, that it is time for us to as
sume our position amongst the nations of the
earth ; that it is time wo had a foreign policy.
What does this language mean ? Is it intended by
those who use it to convey the idea that we have
gone on for upwards of sixty years in a career of
prosperity never before equalled, without any fo
reign pilicy ? Was not the rule, laid down by
Washington, and acted on by every President from
his day o this, a policy ? It was a policy. It was
and is the policy of attending to our own business,
end letting other nations alone. It was and is the
j*oliey, the time-houervd policy, of fton-interven
tion. It may not be a foreign policy, but it is a
Washipgtou policy ; by an observance of which we
have cone to be what we are—one of the first na
tions of the earth. Are we to be told that it is now
time foi us to assume a place amongst the Powers
ofthe tvorld? Did not our forefathers do that
when they compelled Great Britain, in 1783, to ac
knowledge our sovereignty and independence ?
Had wfc no position amongst the great nations
when France sought our alliance in 1795 and ’96,
which overture was rejected I Had we no position
in 1812, when we again met in combat our old en
emy, and the most formidable for them in the world?
Had we no position wnen British fleets were driven
from our seas, and her invading armies were cut
down and beaten back from our shores ? Were the
heroic deeds of our naval officers, to whose memo
ry a marble monument has been erected on the
Capitol grounds, performed before we had suffi
cient power to be felt ? Was the gallant and daring
defence of your own city, which you have put in
living remembrance on your own miblicsquare, a’l
done without a foreign 'policy, and before we were
enabled to take a place amongst the nations of the
earth I Be not deceived, my fellow-countrymen, we
have had a policy from the beginning. It is a good
policy ; it has worked well. Let us adhere to it.
[concluded to-morrow.]
-- ■ _ 7
New Route to San Francisco. —It is announced
; in the New York Herald that a company has been
organized and a charter obtained for a new route
through Mexico to California. It proposes to run
a line of steamers from New York to Vera Cruz,
and from this point to cross over by laud and water
to the Pacific—from Vera Cruz by one of the na
tional roads of Mexico to Puebla, and thence, leav
ing the ertyof Mexico to the north, in a westerly
line, to Coacualco on the Meseala river, two hun
dred and ten miles, and hence by stoainefs down
said river four hundred and fifty-nine miles to its
mouth, where it is known as the Zneatula river,
thence by steam ships to San Francisco. By” this
route the distance to San Francisco from New York,
is state d to be nearly two thousand miles less than
by the Panama route, and some five hundred miles
sfiorter than the Tehuantepec.
The company which has been organized upon this
new route is entitled “The Mexican Ocean Mail and
Inland Company,” and was incorporated by the
Legislature of New York in July last. It compri
se - such men as Simeon Draper, John Cruder,
Samuel Wetmore, Jr, George Bird, and A. C. Ram
. cy, and their associates. The capital stock of the
company is |2, 500,000. The advantages which
the Company has secured from the Mexican go
vernment are, the exclusive right of way by” this
new route, and the exclusive right to the trans
portation of all foreign mails across the republic of
Mexico for fifteen years. —Charleston Courier.
Norway and Sweden.— A Religious Revolution,
—ln Finmarck, which, is the remotest northern
region of Norway, almost lost in Arctic snows, a
revolutioniri now raging, which, although purely
religious, is attended with all the disastrous cir
cumstances of political troubles. The inhabitants
of this desolate region, persuaded by Missionaries
of some sect whose tenets have not transpired,
have repudiated Christianity, and especially the
seventh commandment, banished the priests, and
now adopt the Missionaries, who profess to have
received them directly from Heaven.
The Bishop of Drohtheim, in whose diocese
Finmarck is situated, immediately upon receipt of
the intelligence, despatched two o" his clergy to
the scene of excitement who were instructed to
show the inhabitants into what errors they had
fallen. These gentlemen arrived, and found that
the report was less startling than the actual state
of things. Universal dejection reigned in Fin
marck, labor was abandoned, the churches were
deserted, and the pastors driven away.
In the streets and in the houses men, women
and children lay” upon the ground, wit h their gar
ments torn, their heads strewn with ashes, and
bitterly lamenting that until then they had lived in
a false faith, ignoring the true God and meriting
eternal suffering. The ecclesiastics despatched by
the Bishop apprised him that the fanaticism was so
obstinate and the confusion so profound and uni
versal that they saw no other means of preserving
the peace of the country and saving the inhabitants
from their own fury, than the intervention of the
military power. In consequence of these repre
sentations, the Governor of Drohtheim has des
patched a high officer of police and an armed force
to Finmarck. The result of the movement is not
yet known.
The London Morning Advertiser has been as
sured from a source, in which it has every reason
to place reliance, that a tacit if not distinctly ex
pressed, understanding had been come to, prior
to the resignation of the former, between Lord
John Russell and the Earl of Derby—that in the
event of the latter nobleman coming into power,
no step would be taken by Lord John Russell, as
the new leader of the opposition in the House of
Commons, which would impose on Lord Derby the
necessity of an immediate dissolution of Parlia
ment, inasmuch as it is considered that it would
be much more desirable to allow the estimates to
be voted, and the more public business to be trans
acted, before making an appeal to the country.
Should nothing occur to prevent this understand
ingbeingoarried out, Lord John Russell and Lord
Derby think that the more urgent business might
he got through by the Ist June, and that after a
brief prorogation, the Parlinnent could be dissolved
at such a time as would defer the elections
until sifter the harvest. All this, however, it
must be borne in mind, proceeds on the assump
tion that matters will goon smoothly enough with
the Derby Ministry to admit of the arrangement
being carried out. — Ch. Cour.
Hatching of Fishes.—At one of the late sessions
of the Paris Academy of Sciences, Mr. Coste took
occasion to remark to the society that he had suc
ceeded in hatching salmon and trout from eggs
hr»,ght from a distance. Ho exhibited a glass
globe, half filled with water, with * bod of sand at
the bottom. A multitude of redish, half-transpa
rent creatures, were darting with extreme vivacity
from one side of the howl to tha other. Each one
was about as big as a grain of hemp seed. Two al
most imperceptible black points seemed to be the
eyes, and a -slight, though remarkably active ex
crescence, the tail. The eggs from which these
embryo salmon were produced were sent to the
College de France from Mulhauscn, where they
were packed, if the expression may he allowed, by
the engineers of the Rhone Canal. They were
placed in a tin box, wrapped up in a mass of moist
aquatic plants, and scut by diligence. M. Coste re
ceived them forty hours after they were taken
‘from the waters of the Rhone, and immediately
placed them in a basin, through which he caused a
steady current of water to flow. A few days after
their immersion, they gave birth to numerous
hearty young salmon ; their health was so good as
to enable them to pay a visit to the Academy at a
very early period of their existence. The success
of the experiment seems to render it probable that
salmon iraybe acclimated, and learn to live in re
servoirs of fresh water.
Pennsylvania.—The < ’ass delegates, thirty-three
in number, in the late Democratic Convention at
Harrisburg, Pa., submitted a strong protest against
the action of the Buchanan delegates, who com
posed a maiority of the Convention, and declare
their conviction that the action of tho Convention
is “pregnant with the seeds of dissatisfaction and
discord in the ranks of the Democratic party of
Pennsylvania.” Among the subsequent proceed
ii ”s of the Convention was the introduction of a
series of resolutions, adopting the platform laid
down by the Baltimore Convention of 1844-48,
sustaining the Compromise measures : in favor of
the Fugitive Slave Law ; urging Mr. Buchanan as
the only choice of the Democracy of Pennsylvania;
and instructing the Pennsylvania delegates to vote
for him from first to last. Sundry amendments
were proposed and discussed with much warmth
and feeling. A call was made fur the previous
question, to silence debate and cut off further
amendments. The Convention sustained the call,
and the resolutions were finally adopted—the Cass
men fighting most desperately up to the last mo
ment.—Baltimore American.
California Items.—The Government schooner
Sierra Ne Vada left San Diego on the 25th for tho
month of the Colorado with company ‘F.,’ 8d Ar
tilery, aboard. She takes out Major Andrews as
Commissary and goes to commence supplying the
post at the Gila ; the troops are as an escort to the
provisions in going up the Colorado. In two or
three weeks Maj. Heintzelman starts with all the
infantry in the southern district except the compa
ny at El Chino, for the purpose of re-establishing
the post at the Gila. Already a teni]>orary depot
is formed at Los Valleeitos, the last waters, for the
purpose of supplying across the Desert, lleint
zelnmn goes out to whip the Yumahs before estab
lishing his post, and therefore takes more troops
with him than are intended for its permanent gar
rison.
“( hina” is the name of a large settlement near
Jackson, composed entirely of Celestials. They
are a very quiet and industrious community, anil
have done much toward unfolding tho vast resour
ces of this country. A iarge number of Chinese
passed through Mokclurmtc the past week, en route
for the camp above named. Additions from the
late arrival from Hong Kong are daily flocking into
this county, and before long we may expect to
see quite a town where Little China now' stands.
The number of passengers, who, during the past year ar
rived at New York, is thus stated :
Passengers from Foreign Ports, 299,081
Passengers from California, via the Isthmus,.... 18,207
Total, 817,288
Mb. Clay.—The Washington Telegraph of Sat
urday afternoon says:
We have for some time forborne alluding to the
cendition of this illustrious gentlemen, because no
positive and decided change could be noted. But
we haue now high gratification in lining able to an
nounce that his health is improved, and that were
the weather more favorable to day he he would en
joy a drive out. We have reason to belive that be
fore many days shall pass hia voice will be heard
in the United States Senate.
Chevalier Wikoff Convicted.—The Genoa Mer
cantile Courier of tho 14th, contains the following:
A curious case was lately tried by the Tribunal
of the First instance of our city—namely, the ille
gal seizure of Miss G. C. Gamble, by an American,
M. Henry Wikoff, with a view- to exort a promise
of marriage, or, at least, one-half the fortune of the
3'OTing lady in case of failure. A Frenchman,
Louis Vannaud, -the courier of Miss Gamble 4 and
a Genoese, Luigi Cavalkri, were accused of being
his accomplices. The latter was aquitted, and the
two others sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment.
Task* Orleans.— The New Orleans Del
ta nttribiU|S the decline of that city to the enor
mous taxes. imposed on real and personal property:
It saysjthc annual tax on the meats and vegeta
bles condoned there, amounts to $200,000. Gro
cers who *oil liquor by the quart and p ; mt pav an
muil license of $l6O each. Wholesale merchants
and other traders pay a tax of S4O. Retail dealers
are taxed 14. Commission merchants pay a license
of S4O. Boarding houses or hotels with bars
are tared $250 a year, and another dollar for
each boarder, they are prepared to accommodate,
boarding' houses without bars are taxed 940 each.
Restaurants with bars pay a tax of $450, each Bil
liard tab'e is taxed4o. Livery stables are taxed|sso
a year. Commission merchants tcupoanly in New
Orleans ore taxed sloo> Bathing houses pay $l2O
a year. And so on through all kinds of pursuits
whether x*ec ossary for the public welfare or immor
al in their character and tendency with very little
discrimination.
Aimerino Incident. —During lof the summer 9
1549, when the cholera was hurrying multitudes to
their last rest, a highly respectable and interesting
family was sensed by the epidemic. Five of its
members were prostaated at one time, and such
was the alarm of neighbors that no one came to
their assistance at the critical moment. When all
seemed hopeless there was one, the youngest child
of sesrcc three summers, who had been providen
tially spared for the occasion, who has ministered
as an angel! Her oldest sister requiring the great
est attention, was the special subject of the litl’e
one’searo.
And wlhlo the patient was withering under the
welPfet of disease, the little creature watching with
intense interest the pallad countenance of her sis- gd
ter. An unbidden tear traced her cheek, she seem- »
ed striving to divine some remedy that would ge
alleviate the pain ofthe prostrated form before her mg
and suddingly quitting the room, as on the w Ings
of love, procured a glass of cold water, refund'd,
and climbing on a chair near the sick bed, presen
ted the sparkling draught, and in lisping accents,
said;—“Drink this my dear sister, it will cure
you.” She spoke as one who knew, for the pa
tient recovered—though not until after the angel g
nurse hadnassed into the “world of spirits,” from
the same disease ; but her memory lingers as fresh m
as the violets that bloom round her resting place.
Snake Bite Cured. —A little son of Mr. John
Taylor of this county was bitten by a large mocca
sin several days since, and was cured by the free *
use of gin and tobacco ; the one taken internally,
the other applied to the wound.
That was lucky, and we are glad the little fellow
wuxs relieved by such common remedies, if they
may be so caller!, and such as are used for the lesser
ills*of humanity. Persons should be certain, how
ever, of a bona fills snake bite, before they re
sort to this prescription, else it ma\ result in some
thing less than a cure. —Sandersviile Georgian.
We learn from the New York Herald that at the
recent monthly meeting of the Americt n Institute
in that city an animated discussion took place in
reference to the proposed Crystal Pal ice. Some
desired to oppose it strenuously, while some desir
ed to let it alone, or rather, to eclipse it. by a bet
ter fair. All the proposition were finally voted to
be laid on the table, and the Institute adjourned
without doing anything. There was one interesting
fact came out in the discuss:’on, that never saw the
light before—it was that the real inventor of the
plan of the Crystal Palace in London was Mr.
James Bogardus, of New York, the inventor of
iron houses whom the pattern was undoubtedly ta
ken. *
California Emigration. —Some idea of the rush
to California, and of the crowds who throng the
Isthmus awaiting a passage, maybe formed from
the fact that the steamship Golden Gate, which left
Panama on the 12th ult., for San Francisco, took
up thirteen hundred passengers ? The New Or
leans, on the same day, took up six hundred. -VsiN
large number a’so took passage by sailing vessels,l
between the first and 14t.i of February, and there
yet remained n ainut Panama between four and five
and perso isthous awaiting aeo v. eyance to Califor- *mj
nia.
Destruction of Valuable Court Papers.— The
office of the clerk of Kenton county, (Ky.) court/
was entered on Sunday night, and all the papers, □
records, and $70,000 in bonds and notes, were put
in the stove and burned up. It was done it is sup
posed, by some ofthe litigents, and $2,000 reward
nas been offered for their detection.
Newßkic<£ Making Machine —The Woodstock,
(Va.) Tenth Legion says that Mr. Lorenzo Hil
bert of that place, has invented a machine that will
turn out from 50,000 to 100,000 bricks per day. It
is said to be very simple, and can be worked by
any amount of horse power.
A Norfolk despatch of the 6th inst. says, hands
are still at work on the wreck of the sliip Philcna,
which went ashore some days ago off Cape Charles
on her passage to Baltimore, endeavoring to save a <4
portion of her cargo. The ship will prove a total J
loss. Her bow continues to sink. Most of her car
go will also be lost.
New York, March 6. — The steamer Baltic sailed ,
to day about two o'clock with 81 passengers and
s7o,OtiO in specie. From 7 o’clock last night to 9
o’clock this morning she took in 1,000 tons of coal
and 300 tierces of flaxseed and was ready for sea.
Among her passengers is E. Lytton Bulwer, En
glish attached at Washington.
Chicago is the most rapidly growing city in the
Western country. It has low a population of 40,-
000, (although but 28,000 in 1850,) and real estate
is selling at higher prices than can be obtained any-
where else.
It is rumored that a person from this city, who
recently v ent to Panama, has succeeded in obtain
ing large advances from parties there, on letter?mf
credit 'purporting to be issued by a bank in this
city, but which are found to be forged.—A’. Y.
Post.
A bill has been reported in the Virginia Legis
lature, authorizing a loan of $1,000,000 of the
State bonds, to enable Ambrose Thompson to es
tablish a line of steamers between Richmond and
Europe.
COMMERCIAL.
AUGUSTA MARKET.
WtDNKSDAT, P. M. gtiajfr
COTTON. —There has been a moderate business trans
acted to-day, at a decline of % to \ cent from the prices of
Saturday. We quote Fair 7% cents.
Charleston Market.—By Telegraph.
Wednesday, March 10. — Cotton.. —The sales to
day amount to 1,765 bales at 6% to 8% cents; 7
bales at B>£, and 3at 9 cents. The lower qualities
aae an % c. lower. Finer grades firm and unchang
ed.
SAVANNAH, March 9.— Cotton. —There was a moderate
demand for this article yesterday. The sales amounted to
1,080 bales, at the following particulars; 132 at 7JG 158 at a
7Ji, 399 at 1%, 274 at 1%, 27 at 8 and 4 bales 8% cents. j
We notice no change in prices from the previous day.
Liverpool Market.
LIVERPOOL, Feb. 21.— Cotton. —We have again to re
port an active demand, freely met by holders. The market
appeared to derive strength from the American accounts re
ceived early in the week, the sales on Tuesday having
amounted to 15,000 bales, at an advance of fully p lb.
on the quotations of Friday last. Less animation has since
been manifested, and the extreme prices of Tuesday are not
readily obtained.
LIVERPOOL, Feb. 20.—There has been a large business
in Cotton during the week ending last evening, the sales
reaching 74,400 bales, of which speculators have taken 22,-
810, and exporters 4,690 bales. To-day the demand has
been more freely supplied, and notwithstanding purchasers
have taken 10,000 bales, extreme rates cannot be realized,
and the market closes quietly at an advance of 3£d. lb.
on the prices current at the departure of the last steamer.
Orleans, fair 6?« ; Middling 5; Mobiles, fair middling
4J«; Uplands, fair s>»; midddling 4J,; and inferior and or
dinary Shi & 4%<L The stock of cotton in this port is esti- *
mated at 391,000 bales, of which 233,000 are American,
against 450,000 bales at this period of lost year, of which
267,000 were American. There has been a brisk inquiry for
yarns in Manchester, at slightly improved rates, whilst
goods have not advanced, but are in rather more demand.
The Corn market has again been very flat, and prices
quite nominal. Western canal flour 19<§v22s.; Philadelphia,
Baltimore, Ohio and Canada 22@.225. 3d.; sour
fid. $9 barrel. Mixed Indian corn 295.; yellow 295. fid. and
82s. quarter of 480 lbs.
LIVERPOOL, Feb. 20.—The activity in the Cotton man
ufacturing districts which we have noticed for some weeks
past still prevails, and the increased demand for goods and
yarns has caused some improvement in prices. The spin
ning factories are in full employment. We have to report
another active week’s business in Colton. There has been
a good daily demand from the trade, and speculators and
exporters have also taken a large quantity, especially on
the 17th, when the sales reached 15,000 bales. Prices of
American have advanced fully ip lb. The week’s sales
are 74,300 bales, including 22,810 on sj»eculation, and 4,C90
for export. To-day the market is steady at the advance;
sales 10,000 bales. We quote: New Orleans, fair s*-»;
middling 5; Mobiles, fair, 5# ; middling 4 15-16 ; Uplands,
fair, 5% ; and middling 4J£d. lb. The inquiry for wheat
aud flour has been limited during the week, and some con
cession has been made by holders disposed to sell.
Money continues very abundant, aid discounts easily at
2% p ct. in London. Consols 973*.
EXPORTS.
CHARLESTON, March 9. —For Live rpool, Br. bark Huron
—SB Sea Island, and 1,567 bales Upland Cotton.
For New York, U. L. brig Moses—3! Sea Island, and 454
bales Upland Cotton.
For Baltimore, brig Naiad—ll 9 bales Upland Cotton.