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BY WILLI AM S. JOSES.
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ADDRESS OF HOY. A. H. STEPHENS,
OF GEORGIA.
Before the Maryland Institute , on the evening of 23 d
February, in Commemoration of the Birthday of
Washington,
[CONCLXTDED.]
And, above all, lend no listening ear to those
who come from other countries to teach you the
principles of republicanism. Yield not to the
tempter. The father of your country forbids. It
was in an evil hour that our great first parents
touched the forbidden fruit. They were happy
in their paradise; their wily enemy came from
other regions. Imagine for a moment the scene,
when the guardian angel of that innocent and no
ble pair took his last departure from them ; when
lie was called away from his charge of watching
over and protecting them. Hear the last whispers
his voice, Beware of foreign influence. It was
thus that "Washington,'our deliverer, defender, and
guardian spirit, spoke to us on taking his last part
ing leave. Had they headed the warning given to
them, they had not fallen. May we as a nation
never fall as they did !
The right, fellow-citizens, to interfere in circum
stances that might happen, I do not mean to dis
cuss. I grant that we have all the attributes and
powers of a full-grown nation, so far as our foreign
relations are concerned. But the right to do a
thing and the policy or propriety of doing it are
quite ditferent questions. Any man can get into
a fight when he pleases. And*so cun we. Inter
vention to prevent intervention is very much like
getting into a fight to prevent a fight. Intermed
dlers with other people’s business generally come
off worsted. Be not misled by appeals to your
sympathy. It is for no want of the profoundest
I sympathy for the misgoverned tribes of the race
of all j»arts of the world that I speak as I
do. It was for no want of aympathy for them that
Washington spoke as he did. I wish that all na
tions had as good a Government as we have. But
we should not peril our own life in hopeless efforts
|o rescue that of others. Let us not, in a fit of mis
llgulded zeal for the liberties of mankind, lose our
: own. All men are not suited for constitutional
frre Government. One of the most common of the
errors of the day is that any people having
the wish to be free also bave the ability to be free.
This is a great mistake. Constitutional liberty, or
liberty regulated by law —the only liberty that is
worth the name —is not so easily acquired. If it
were, we would not to-day be the only people on
earth in its enjoyment. It is true, the people of
almost anv nation, with a firm resolution, can over
th row the strongest of despotisms, but they can
not build up a republic in its stead. This requires
more than physical force. It requires virtue, in
telligence, morality, patriotism, and statesmanship.
Brutus and a few associates found no difficult in
removing CVsar from an imperial throne. But
they did not thereby restore lost freedom to Rome.
France found but little difficulty in bringing Louis
the XVI. to the block ; but France did not there
by establish a republic. She found even less diffi
culty iq driving Charles the Xth from the kingdom
lie had so badly governed ; but she did not thereby
succeed in establishing a good Government for the
people. Louis Philippe, her citizen king, had in
like manner in a short time to he earned to her
Tarpeian Book. It is now just four years since
she made her last effort at republicanism. And
what do we now behold ? Louis Napoleon—a Presi
dent King.
And so it will he, I fear, with all the nations of
Europe, until there be a change in the minds,
habits, education, and modes of thinking on the
part of their people. Liberty, in their estimation,
is licentiousness, lawlessness. They do not un
derstand or appreciate its first principles. Men to
be capable of maintaining law and order in a free
Government must be schooled in the elementary
principles.
Suppose the autocrat of Russia four vears ago
had taken sides with the exiled Louis Philippe,
and we had intervened to prevent his intervention.
What would have been our condition to-day?
After the expenditure of millions in money, and
the loss perhaps of hundreds of thousands of our
bravest sons in foreign wars, we should have found
the people of France shouting huzzas to the Em
peror ni the person of the “nephew of his uncle.”
Alt such crusades are idle. And if to-day we should
’’go and surround “poor down-trodden Hungary”
with a wall so high and so deep that a Russian
could neither scale it nor undermind it, and leave
the people of that ill-fated country to perfect “fair
play" amongst themselves, I should expect nothing
with more certainty than that, in quite as short a
time as France has been trying the experiment,
we should have her fickle and resslees population
crying out for the restoration of the House of Haps
burg. Why then, again, 1 ask in the language of
Washington. “ Why quit our own to stand on
foreign ground ? Why he interweaving our destiny
with that of any part of Europe , entangle our peace
and prosperity in the foils of European ambition,
kip, interest, humor, or caprice /”
P Here, perhaps, I should stop. But there arc some
growing out of these topics which, it
seems to me, may be appropriately connected with
th* ;m. It is now just one hundred and twenty
vears since Washington was born. What was the
"condition of our country then ? What is it now ?
And what is it to be one hundred and twenty years
lienee, if we continue to follow that line of policy
which has marked our past career? Baltimore
then was hardly a hamlet; now her population is
over one hundred and seventy thousand*, and the
canvass of her commerce wliitens every sea on the
face of the globe, while her productive industry
turns out an annual yield of twenty millions if dot
& lars ! What is true of Baltimore in improvement
and advancement is true of almost every other part
of our common country—notin extent, but m a
relative degree. In 1732 the population of the
colonies which afterwards became the United States
was less, perhaps, than two millions. The popu
lation of the L nited States now is over twenty
three millions. Then an unbroken wilderness ex
tended from a border near us to the distant Pacific.
The great valley of the Mississippi was reposing
under the shade of her primeval forests, in which
the silence of centuries remained unbroken by the
voice of civilization. Now behold her teeming po
pulation, her cultivated plains, her villages, towns,
and cities, springing up as if by magic, and her
majestic rivers alive with her accumulating com-
See the hundreds and thousanes of emi
grants annually quitting the despotisms of the old
world and taking shelter and protection in this our
favored land! To those we give a hearty welcome.
We'offer a safe retreat for the exile, and a peaceful
quiet home for the emigrant, but no theatre for
foreign propagandists.
§> But tnese are not all the subjects suitable for
our contemplation on this occasion. What ad
vancement have we made, since ibis government
was formed, in letters, in mechanic arts, in dis
coveries, in inventions and in science ? Consider
the number and character of our schools of learn
ing, our academies, colleges and universities ; col
leges for the education of women as well as men.
See what steam has done under the power and
control of American genius fostered by the in
fluence of our free, wise and beneficent institu
tions, Behold the mysterious workings of the
wing,” and “to talk to thunder as friend
alto friend.” But it has been Morse’s glory, in our
P own day to sieze the spirit of the lightning itself,
j and to make it the swift messenger of our thoughts.
What has caused this mighty change? Need I
tell you it is the spirit of our institutions ? It is
that Government which makes us not only one
people, but a people witli whatever diversity of
interests or pursuits, having all a like security at
home and abroad. That Government which here
tofore has looked only to our own safety, welfare,
peace, quiet, prosperity and domestic tranquility,
without medtfling with the affairs of others, fur
ther than Ito give them the influence of a noble
example, Shall this state of things continue ?
• Shall we go on in the bright career we have com
menced ? Have we a national immortality before
an ? Or is the sun of our glory soon to go down
in darkness to rise no more ? These afr questions
■fcrhich will spring up in the anxious mind ; but to
them no answer can he given. They involve
the subtle problems of human destiny. Provi
dence has wisely veiled the future from our vis
ion. All we bave to do is with the present. Let
us take care that that is done rightly, and we
need not care for what shall come after.
But bear with me when I assure you that I have
an abiding, a living hppe that there are richer
treasures of national greatness in store for us than
we have yet attained. You may call it superstition
or call it what you please ; but I believe tnat there
is a superintending Providence that controls the
destinies ot nations, as well as the fortunes of men.
When w r e look at this country, and consider the
circumstances under which its settlement by our
ancestors was first made and trace its liistory
from Plymouth and Jamestown to the present day
have we not many evidences to impress our minds
with the belief that we are a peculiar and a favor
ite people, and that we have some high mission
yet to perform ? See the perils we have passed
nee the hand of deliverance when hope has been
sinking in despair 1 How often, in the war of the
revolution, in the formation of the constitution,
and its adoption by the States, did our fortunes
seem to be trembling in sn uncertain balance ?
How often since then have we pushed safely
through crises of danger, when the stoutest of pa
triot hearts beat with apprehension that all might
be lost ?
Some who now hear me doubtless recollect how
it was in the darkest hour in the Avar of 1812;
when the Capitol was smouldering ir ruins ; when
the Hartford Convention was in cession ; when
secession and d’sruption we~e threatened; wLen
the future assumed its b’ackest robes, and men’s
spirits sunk within them. It was then that the
victory of New Orleans was hailed as the voice
of a friendly messenger from some distant world.
The great battle had been fought, the victory was
won, the war was ended. Peace soon
again in the land, and with it came :he smiles of
fraternal feeling and brotherly love between all
parts of the Union. Again, we had the Missouri
agitation, which seemed at one time to be the rock
on which we should split. Yet the -s pirit of com
promise prevailed. After that catr e the nullifi
cation crisis. At one time a collision of arms
seemed to be inevitable; force vras preparing
against force. Had one gun been fired, who can
tell what we sqould now have been ! But in the
very last moment the spirit of compromise, the
presiding genius of this favorite republic, ruled
the hour' and all was safe.
Then, last of all, came the late fearful agitation
of the slavery question, the lively recollections of
which are so fresh upon the memories of us all.
Perhaps at no period m our past history was the
danger of disunion ever more imminent and threat
ening than it was then. Yet dark and terrible as
was the night, it was not without u dawn—a re
turn of light, and with it hope! The spirit of
compromise again hovered over the country, and
with it came deliverance ! Now, in all this is not
the hand of Providence visible ? If like contests
and conflicts of interests had existed amongst the
people of any other nation in the world, would not
the sword have been drawn long since ? Let us
then take new hope for the future. Let the true
friends of the country, the friends of the constitu
tion and the principles of the constitution, the
friends of the Union upon the principles and for
the objects of the Union, never despair. We have
a great duty to perform—a grand and high mission
to fulfil. We have but begun in our rising ascent.
Our forefathers and our fathers did much. But
they got only slight glimpses of what we see around
us. Our realization of the fruits of their labors
are already fur above their most sanguine anticipa
tions ;
“While, from the bounded level of ‘their ’ mind,
Short views ‘they took’, nor ‘saw’ the lengths behind:
4 We,', more advanced, behold with strange surprise,
Yew distant scenes of endless ‘progress' rise
8o pleased at first, the towering Alps we try—
Mount o’er the vales and seem to skim the sky.
The increasing prospect‘starts’ our u anrtering eyes;
Hills peep o’er hills and Alps on Alps arse !”
Who can tell what wonderful discoveries and
developments are yet to be attained by the present
generation, of those who shall succeed them ?
These are reflections pleasant to indulge in on
an occasion similar to the present. They address
themselves alike to the old and the young—the fa
thers and the sons, as well as the mothers and
daughters of the land. Ana it is a source of great
pleasure to me to see so many of my lair country
men out to honor with their presence the ceremo
nies of this celebration. No class in society have
a greater interest in perpetuating the institutions of
this country than they nave. For here alone wo
man is truly elevated to that high position for
which she was intended, and which she fills with so
much digoity, influence, and power. You have,
my fair countrywomen, a bright example *et before
you in the character of the mother of him who is
the subject of this evening’s reminiscences. May
you imitate her virtues, and may your “last end be
like hers.” Let us all then, old and young, fathers
and mothers, sons and daughters, take for our
motto: “Our country, our whole country, and
nothing but our countrymay her progress be
onward and upward.
A Wonderful Adventurer.
Dr. Kane, wbo is widely known as one of the
enterprising spirits who sailed in search of Sir
John Franklin, in Mr. Grinnel’a Expedition, and
who is at the present entertaining the people of
the Northern cities with a series of lectures des
criptive of his observations and experience in the
Arctic seas, appears from accounts in some of the
papers, to have led a life of unexampled adventures
and almost unparalled wanderings, even before his
voyage to the polar regions. Certainly no Ameri
can, of whom we have ever heard has seen so
much of the perils of the world, or even of the
world itself.
According to these accounts, he was Surgeon of
the American Legation to china, and, on his way
to the Celestial regions, spent some weeks on a foot
tramp through the Orange Groves of Brazil, and
about a month in tiger-hunting near Bombay,
lienee after a dozen unsucessftil attempts to smug
gle himself into the unforbidden lands of China, he
went over to the Phillippines, and by aid of the
good Monks of tlui interior of Manilla, explored its
fastnesses and volcanic wonders. He was the first
man to descend into the great crater of Tael lower
ed down two hundered feet over the brink, by a
bamboo rope tied round his middle, and brought
back a bottle of its sulphur waters, burning off liis
boots in the lava cinders. Leaving. China after a
second visit, in which he encountered shipwreck,
he passed to India as a physician of the Dromend
har Dagore, and was panquined for some three
months through the wonders of its mountain ar
chitecture, the acient glories of Candy, the stupen
dous passes of the Ghaut country, visiting Madras,
Pondicherry, and every spot that we have read of
in the trial of Warran Hastings. Nest to Upper
Egypt and Abyssinia, crossing the desert on nis
came to the basis of Jubiter Arnmnn. oUmtms at
break-neck risk to the topstone of the sounding
Collossnsof Memnon, and exploringfthe tombs of
the Paraobs for a fortnight or three weeks, with
Prof. Lepsiu and his associates. Wricked again
while passing down the Nile, and wounded, in an
encounter near Alexandria, lie pushed across to
Greece, and traversed every scene of elassie inter
est climbing to the Hippocrene Spring, and sleeping
on the shore of Marathon. He returned to Italy,
France, and England, only to rest a few w eeks, be
foid a cruise on the coast of Africa. Renewing
here some acquaintances which lie had formed in
Brazil, he was allowed to inspect the entire maolii
nery of the slave-trade, and to pass up into the in
terior, under the firman of Desouza, the great inter
mediary between the chiefs of the slave making dis
tricts and the Brazillian carriers. The coast fever
was his nay for this trip, and he was sent home by
Commodore Read, invalided. Imperfectly patched
up from tlie effects of this visitation, he volunteer
ed for service with the army in Mexico and was or
dered with despatches on a dare-devil race through
the country, our troops had left to overtake Gen.
Scott, Availing himself, at Pcrote, of a miscerant
escort of jailbirds, that Gen Worth had employed
as a spy company, he got in a series of fights, in
the last of Torrejon, and his horse k lied under
him, and was himself desperately wounded, while
protecting the lives of his prisoners against his own
men. Subsequently he was cruising, and practi
cing hydrography on the coast Survey, up to the
moment of revolving a telegraphic despatch accept
ing his urgent professor of services for the Arctic
Expedition, lie had the rice fever in the Canton
river, the plague in Egypt, the yellow tever at'Rio,
the congestive at Puebla, and the African fever on
the coast. These, and wounds, and an organic dis
ease of the heart, which he has hud Iro n boyhood,
have been his preparations for the hazards he is en
countering now. —Mobile Begister.
The Union Convention.— The Card of the Cen
tral Committee given by us last week, calling for a
Union Convention at Miledgville on the 22d of
April, has attracted general attention. While some
few condemn, others approve the movement—sev
eral counties having already selected Delegates.
For ourselves, we see no good reason w hy the peo
ple should not at once take the matter into consid
eration, and avail themselves of the assembling of
the people during the sitting of the Courts in the
different counties to consult together and select
their delegates. Let them however bear in mind
that the causes that originated the Constitutional
Union party exist with as much force now as in
December, 1851 —that therefore we need in our de
liberations men of matured minds and conserva
tive principles—men in whose patriotism, wisdom,
and good judgment, the people may place the most
implicit confidence. With such aselec ion of de
legates, keenly alive to the interests of their own
State in the preservation of the Union acting in
good faith to themselves, we will cheerfully submit
Georgia’s position in the Presidential campaign.
We cannot doubt that such a body of men will
favor the carrying out, in their choice of a Presi
dent,the principles already laid down by the Consti
tutional I nionjparty, rather than amalmagate them
selves with the heterogeuious masses of either the
old Whig or Democratic parties as such. Let a na
tional constitutional Union parly be made the ral
lying point.— So. Recorder.
i ♦ *
Gen. Hi tler. —This gentleman, who, the De
mocratic Review says, “is without known or fixed
political principles,” and who “is made up of feeble
negatives ” has written a letter to Mr. F. P. Blair,
1 in which lie declares his political views. He frank
ly and underservedly declares himself in favor of
the Compromise measures, and particularly of the
Fugitive Slave Law—“upon the faithful execution
of which, the peace, the prosperity and integrity
of the Union are all staked.” He says that if he
had not been nominated hy the Democrats ofKen
' tuoky, his name would not, with his consent, have
been presented to the National Convention. That
1 he will have no agency in the preliminary intrigues
and that that the design imputed to him of court
! irig the Freesoilers, is false.
The letter is a very respectable production ; but
we take it, that it soals its authors political aspi
-1 rations. His main stay was upon Van Buren
Co.; but with the avowal of the sentiments con
tained in this letter, he cannot look to Hat quarter
any longer. In what direction and to v hat stan
dard Van Buren will transfer liis fatal aid, we
cannot conjecture. Cass, Buchanan, and Douglas,
are all odious to him —as being implicated in the
intrigues of ’44 —by which lie was superseded in
the Baltimore Convention. Douglas, as being less
conspicuous in that treachery, might stand a better
1 chance than either of the other two, to win the
' deadly embrace. —Richmond Whig.
Men and Women have “run out” and become
; extinct—they died about sixty years age and left
• no heirs. Ladies and Gentleimn have usurped
- their places,
. - , £ • .. '* •
Cljmiclc mtoSbfineL
o
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
FRIDAY MORNING, MARCH 12, 1852.
The Northern Mail failed yesterday evening
beyond Philadelphia. There will be two mails
due this afternoon.
The Public Lands.
Mr. Downs, of Louisiana, in the course of a
speech, a few days since, in the U. S. Senate, on
the bill proposing to give certain lands to lowa, to
build rail-roads, remarked that “ Ml Douglas had
earned his title to the support of Illinois for the
Presidency, by providing means fmn the Public
■ Treasury for constructing 404 miles of railroad in
that State.”
Supposing the road to cost $20,00( a mile, this is
equal to a direct donation of nearly one million of
dollars.
It was the policy of some of the wisest Statesmen
of the age, in order that equal and exact justice be
done to all the States, and especially ‘he old States,
to secure a distribution among each aid all, of the
proceeds of the public lands. The people were
warned against the system, now so common, of
donating them to the States in width they are lo
cated, and admonished that that jlass of States
would soon have the power in Congress, and would
make what disposition they pleased of those lands,
without reference to the interests or wishes of the
old States, to whom the property belonged in com
mon. These counsels were, however, not heeded;
and the predictions of a few years ago are now
rapidly becoming historical facts. In opposition
to this just and wise policy, the people were told
that the fund thus obtained would corrupt them,
and they should spurn it as a bribe. And, strange
to say, men who affected to be very devoted to the
Constitution, and the most zealous advocates for a
strict construction, advocate and vote for these
donations to particular States, while they pretend
to be too conscientious to urge a general distribu
tion among all the States, —thus robbing the old
States of their interest in the common domain.
The New York Express most happily exposes
this hypocritical cant of the demagogues who are
engaged in this nefarious project, which we com
mend to all that class who have been taught to
believe that the distribution of the proceeds of the
public lands among all the States, would corrupt
the people. The article is worthy the careful pe
rusal of every reader. Here it is :
Scrupulous, strict constructionists in some of the
new States Rights States, where the Public Lands
are, and where the People want them for that spe
cies of internal Improvements called Railroads,
dodge their objections to appropriating money di
rectly from the Treasury for Rivers and Harbors
thus, after this fashion:—
By the Constitution itself, Congress is vested
with unlimited power over the territory and other
property belonging to the U. States, while there is
no such general grant of power to appropriate
money out of the Treasury.—[Mr. Ficklin, of Illi
nois.]
That is to say, Congress can appropriate money
from the Treasury to extinguish Indian titles, car
ry on wars against Indians, keep up land offices,
make surveys, Ac., ad libitum , and then'a«T U «;
those Lands, thus purchased by the Treasury, to
Railroads, but Congress cannot take the proceeds
of those Lands, when paid into the Treasury, and
remove bars in the Wabash, or clear out a snag in
the Ohio, or build a Breakwater on Lake Michigan !
Congress, according to Mr. Ficklin, can expend,
as it has expended from the Treasury, over four
hundred millions of dollars in acquiring or pur
chasing these Public Lands, and then give away
these lauds to make Railroads, but Congress can
not take the proceeds of these Lands, returned to
the Treasury, and expend it on any like Internal
Improvement!
These Constitutional dodgers, however, among
whom we see Mr. Orr. ofS. C., (mirabile dictu !)
get over this close logic by the declaration that it
is not the Land they thus give away, but the use
on the alternate sections, (every other section be
ing charged $2.50 per acre, instead of $1.25) so
that the Federal Treasury loses nothing, but gets
just as much for half the land as it would get for
the whole, if all were up in market. Mr. Douglas,
of Illinois, also chops logic this way r .
Now, practically speaking, this “alternate sec
tion” business is all moonshine, because the sec
tion reserved this year will, in all probability, be
given away by Congress next year. It is but a re
servation for another ear’s donation. Mr. Ben
nett, of New York, however, in some remarks he
lias been making, well disposes of this sort of ar
gument thus, (tne Missouri Railroad Land Ap
propriations being under discussion)
“There is an ingenious argument used here,
which I shall notice. It is this : You have no
right to ask these grants for the old States. Why?
Because the Western States double the value of
the alternate sections on each side of the road
and therefore you have no right to ask these lands
for the old States, for they cannot do that. If gen
tlemen will look into these railroad bills, they will
find that the roads proposed for the purpose of
getting their sections have a range of thirty miles
—fifteen on each side of the road—to locate their
sections upon. Every one knows that railroads
aye not made where there are no settlements. They
are constructed for business purposes between
settlements, and villages, and cities. They are
usually made through the most settled parts of the
country, and consequently will pass through
lauds located and settled. For this reason it is
that they must have thirty miles in width from
which to make their selection, in order to got
their lands, which they are to take in alternate sec
tions. How is it with the other sections left
for the Government ? By the law they are
doubled for only six miles on each side of
the road, making in all twelve .miles : therefore
less than one-half as much land as Is grant
ed to the roads is doubled in price in, point of fact.
Only the land lying in a strip two fifths as wide as
is granted to the roads from which to make their
selection is doubled in price to the Government.
This two-fifths lying along the road is the part
most tliickly settled, and on which, therefore,
will be found the least land in proportion for the
road, I believe it may be safely said that these road
bills will not double the price of one-half as much land
as is granted to the roads; and, in addition to that,
not one half of the land doubled in price will prob
ably ever be sold at that double price.”
So that bubble of Mr. Douglas and other Con
stitutional Dodgers is pricked 1 The appropria
tion of the alternate sections is an appropriation,
therefore, both practically and theoretically,
from the Federal Treasury; that is from Land
bought by and the proceeds of which belong to the
Federal Treasury.
To Railroad Internal Improvements by the Fed
eral Government in Missouri, Illinois, Michigan,
lowa, or elsewhere; we have no sort of objection ;
for, on the contrary, we think such improvements
the very best way of spending the Public Lands or
their proceeds. We like to understand, though,
what we are about. We are to be caught in no
now trap for making Internal Improvements only I
in States where alone happen to be Public Lands,
bought and paid for by our common money, under
one common Tax, from one common Treasury.
Again : we drive home upon these Appropriates
of the Public Lunds for Railroad Internal Im
provements their duty, if they believe in this sort
of appropriation, to make River and Harbor 1m-
SroTcments on the Lakes, or on the Atlantic. In
forth Carolina, say, they need more the removal
of bars at the mouth of rivers than they need
Railroads in Missouri or lowa. In Texas, too, there
is more need of improving the navigation of the
Rio Grande than of u Railroad in Michigan, even.
Mr. Ficklin’s new logic won’t do, viz: that you
can take four hundred millions of dollars from the
Treasury, as you have taken it, to get Lunds, con
quer Lunds, or buy Lands, (then grant them away
for Railroads) but that you can’t take three mil
lions for just exactly such Internal Improvements,
save that railroads are built by one, and Rivers are
cleared and Harbors improved by the other.
Nevertheless, what calls itself “Democracy” will
in the main, jump into this “gull trap” that Mr.
Douglas, of Illinois, we believe, is one of the con
trivers of, and for which he ought to have a patent
to catch gulls with.
Bennet, of the N. Y. Herald , furnishes the fol
lowing brief, but rather comprehensive sketch of
the character of Chevalier Wikoff, w ho, our rea
ders are aware, has been imprisoned in Sardiaia
for fifteen months, for attempting to compel Miss
Gamble to marry him or yield up half her large
fortune, which we doubt not the Chevalier would
have prefered to the lady and the whole :
“ Chevalier Wikoff was a perfect original, in kis
own way—talented, polite, gentlemanly, unprin
cipled, unscrupulous, selfish, mean, diplomatic,
sneaking, polianed, cowardly, lying, imaginative,
amusing, witty, scandalous, and full er talk of
every kind. His authentic history, with all Ms
correspondence, would be worth ten thousand
dollars for the copyright.”
The annual commencement of the Medical De
partment of the Nashville University, took place
on the 24th of February. There were 122 students
in attendance, of this number 33 took the degree
of Doctor «f Medicine, some of whom were from
this State, viz: William Pilcher, of Warren Co. ?
Thomas J. Jones, of Hancock Co., Joel Hendrick,
of Warren Co., Andrew J. Oliver, of Scriven
Co.
Remarable Clock.
The Picayune famishes the following very in
teresting account of the “novel and scientific fea
tures” of the Clock in the Cathedral of that city,
which we are gratified to learn, was manufactured
by a citizen of New Orleans :
We have been at some pains to collect, by per
sonal examination and otherwise, such information
touching the scientific details of the construction
and action of this large and important piece of ma
chinery, as will be understood and appreciated by
the general reader. Few of our citizens are aware
that there is no clock in this country equal to it in
completeness and finish, the use made of the latest
improvements, and the accuracy and beauty of the
workmanship. It will stand the test of comparison
in these features with the most celebrated clocks
in Europe.
The majority of our readers will be somewhat
incredulous when we state that with the excep
tion of the glass dials and glass hands, which could
not be obtained here of sufficient size and finish,
all the material in the new clock was forged and
worked, and all the machinery, even to the most
delicate adjustment or minute* particulars, fabrica
ted and put together in this city, from the plans
and under the superintendence* of one of our own
citizens and old residents, the well-known machi
nist, Mr. Stanislas Fournier.
Some of the large iron and other metal pieces in
the old clock of the Cathedral enter into the fabri
cation of the new; but they have been so altered
and put to such other uses as to be entirely trans
formed. The material in the present clock may be
considered to be altogether new, and the work the
production of one hand and one brain. To judge
of the merits of this work it is best to compare it
with the old. A good idea will be gained of the
quantity and quality of the improvements intro
duced into the present piece of machinery.
The old clock, with much wasting and exertion
of a great deal of motive power, could only run for
thirty hours. It struck but the hours and half
hours, and had only one dial. The new clock goes
eight days, strikes the houfs with one deep-toned
bell, and all the four quarters with two others,
lighter-toned—something new for this region—and
has besides three dials. One of these, of small size
and the ordinary appearance, is placed above the
choir in the interior front of the Cathedral. It is
opposite the grand altar, can be seen from all parts
of the interior, and is of much use to the priests in
regulating their various duties. It is connected
witn the clockwork in the main tower above by two
slender rods of iron, which move the hands of the
dial, and are joined at right angles by cog-wheel
work. This dial is sixteen feet lower than the
clock-work and eleven feet distant from a perpen
dicular line dropped from the work.
The two exterior dials—one in the front of the
edifice on Chartres street, and over a hundred feet
from the ground, the other in the rear on Royal
street—are each six feet in diameter, and of pure,
thick, transparent glass. The figures and glass
hands are painted white, with a narrow gold edg
ing, and have a semi-opaque appearance. The dial
on Chartres street is ten feet lower than that on
Royal. Behind both dials, on the inside, is what
is called “a dark chamber.” It is a frame work,
touching the dial at its edge, running back straight
tor six teet except on top, which slopes down, and
is of a circular outline. This frame is lined inside,
on top, sides and rear, with black velvet. So that
during the day time, to the outside spectator, the
surface of the dial is black, and the opaque figures
and hands are white. Take away the velvet be
hind the dial, and the spectator would see through
a plain, unstained piece of glass.
At night two gas burners, placed in the rear
and lower corners of the “dark chamber,” throw a
a strong, clear light, through burnished metallic
sugar-loaf shaped reflectors, on the dial, the two
streams of light crossing each other so as to pro
duce uo shadows. The spectator outside still sees
the dial with apparently a black surface, but, being
transparent and colorless, it does not prevent the
light from reach xnaf™ “cm? opart**® out
Biac, gn. mg them and the figures on the dial a clear
reddish tinge, distinctly visible. We have beard
all kinds of “outsiders” explanations given of the
way in which the bands and figures are lighted—
some of them very amusing. One person was pos
itive that it was done by phosphorus; another that
nothing short of electricity could be the means
employed. No one thought that the dial was col
orless and transparent; and no one hit on the se
cret of making the surface look black without
painting it so. This cheap, simple and effective
invention of the “dark chamber” is known as the
“Dorey system.” It has been applied in most of
the principal clocks in Europe.
The gas we have mentioned is at a greater eleva
tion than it has ever been raised to in this city. It
burns with the purest and steadiest light possible.
The officers and artificers of the Gas W orks show
ed themselves extremely obliging in the matter.
It was rather a novel experiment, but they made
difficulty in running tiie pipes and arranging them
exactly as the chief mechanist desired. By an in
genious arrangement, the clock work itself extin
guishes and cuts off at various hours the burning
gas that illuminates the dials, accordingly as the
night is shorter or longer in the different seasons.
Notwithstanding the great distance that sepa
rates the front amirear dials, the hands of both,
as well us those of the interior dial, are turned by
slender iron rods, moved by the same machinery.
These rods are furnished every few feet with
“metallic expansora,” which allow the rods to un
dergo the unavoidable influence of changes in the
atmosphere, or a probable settling or other varia
tion in the walls of the Cathedral, without the re
gular rotation of the hands being at all affected.
The rods may thus lengthen in warm or shorten in
cold weather without retarding or accelerating their
own motion. The 190 feet, roil, from the clock to
the rear dial, is further supported, every five feet,
by small wheels or rollers, so that it requires but
little power to initiate and continue its rotary move
ment.
The machinery—the most of it polished and var
nished brass work—which turns the hands, puts
out the gas, and, by means of slender cords run
ning up to the bells in the high steeple far above,
strikes them, occupies but little space in the centre
of a small apartment, in the front of the Cathedral.
It is enclosed in a case of glass doors to keep out
the dust and damp, and the meddling fingers of
mischievous or ignorant visitors. AVe shall note
some of the more novel and important features of
this apparently complicated ami meaningless com
bination of big and little wheels.
The pendulum is what is called technically a
“compensation pendulum,” of the kind Entitled
gridiruu. It is composed of parallel steel and brass
rods, arranged in such manner, numbers and
lengths, on mathematic and philosophic rules, as to
annul the variations produced on the metal by
changes in the atmosphere, and thus by maintain
ing the centre of gravity unchanged, to prevent
any, even the slightest ii regularity in the oscilla
tions of the pendulum.
Another notable feature in a piece of mechan
ism destined to give the most perfect evenness,
equality, and regularity to the motive power in the
clock. In ordinary clucks, or, to use a better ex
pression, in almost all clocks, the action of the
main ahd heavy weight is transmitted directly to
the pendulum by the “escapement,” which is that
part of a watch or clock that regulates its move
ments ami prevents their acceleration. It happens,
however, that this action of the motive power is
not always equal, the defect arising either from an
inequality in the- motive power itself or from mo
■ mentary expansion or contraction of the metals,
arising from atmospheric influences.
The piece of mechanism we speak of remedies
this defect, and gives to clock work, when that is
in perfect order, as regular and even a motion as
it is possible for man to invent. This result is
obtained by the use of two motive powers. The
first exists in all clocks, and is the main, heavy
, weight which acts upon the wheel work. In the
clock we are describing, this weight is wound up,
or this chief power renewed—to speak technically
—every eighth day. The second power is renewed
lit very short intervals of time by the principal
power itself. By this means, the wheel, which
gives motion to all the clock work, has no direct
action on the escapement wheel. It winds up, ft
intervals of seven vibrations of the pendulum, a
small piece of brass, not a pound in weight, which
acts directly and with a constant, even power on
the escapement wheel. This delicate and ingeni
ous piece of machinery gives such an assured even
ness and regularity to the entire wheel and rod
works, that, combined as these are with the other
features we have noticed, as designed to prevent
the injurious effects on the metal of changes in the
atmosphere, the Cathadral clock may be looked
upon as the only exact public measurer of time to
be found in the city, being subject to the effects
neither of storms, winds, heat nor cold. A regu
lar and careful attendant only is needed, to wind
up the big weight, keep the glass case shut, and
light and extinguish the four gas burners. Even
this last attention is not necessary ; for if the guar
dian forgets to turn oft’ the gas, as soon as the day
begins to break, the clock does his work and puts
out its own lights.
The members of the Cathedral vestry are de
serving of all* praise for the liberal manner in
which they have, from the first, treated the chief
meehanist they employed to make this clock. They
made no attempt to beat down Ids first price ; they
waited patiently on him during his long and labo
rious work, and liberally granted him the means to
give a perfect finish, ana add many little improve
ments to the entire machinery, which were not
included ill the first estimates. The result must be
as gratifiyingto them as it is to the artist and to the
public.
Anderson, the Magician, has been delighting
the citizens of New Orleans with his extraordinary
feats of legerdemain, to the astonishment of the
whole people. The Picayune says :
His feats of legerdemain are altogether original
and novel—entirely different from what wt are
usually treated to in such entertainments. The
t>ottle feat took every one by surprise. Small glass
es were handed around, and each person had pour
ed into it, from a large black bottle in tire Profes
sor’s hand, what lie desired of four kins ot spirits,
with the varieties of each—“ rum, whiskey, brandy
and gin.” The crowded audience appeared to be
delighted with their entertainment; they were
either laughing heartily, applauding warmly, or
watching eagerly all the time.
From the Baltimore American.
THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS..FIRST SESSION.
IN SENATE, March 8.
Mr. Seward presented petitions from New York
against the restoration of flogging in the Navy.
Mr. Sumner submitted a resolution directing an
inquiry as to the propriety of a reduction of the
rates of ocean postage. Laid over.
Mr. Hunter reported a bill changing the relative
value of the silver coin of the United States.
The Chair laid before the Senate several execu
tive communications, enclosing estimates for ap
propriations to meet deficiencies in the appropria
tions for the present year. <Src.
The lowa Land Railroad Bill was again taken up,
and Mr. Underwood addressed the Senate in reply
to the remarks of several Senators who have op
posed his amendment. The bill was then postponed
till Wednesday.
An amendment made by the House to the bill
for the relief of Lt. Col. Mitchell, was concurred in.
And then, after an executive session, the Senate
adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Walsh, of Md., presented the memorial of
Alexander Brown & Sons, William Wilson & Sons,
and others, merchants of Baltimore, praying that
further support may be extended by the V. States
to the Collins’ line of steamers.
The bill for the relief of Col. Mitchell was then
taken up in regular order, and occupied the time
of the House till half-past one o’clock.
Mr. Stuart, of Michigan, moved that its further
consideration be postponed for thirty days.
Mr. Phelps, of Mo., said he had no desire to pre
cipitate the action of the House.
Mr. Seymour, of New York, opposed the motion.
The only circumstance, he said, that was calculated
to create suspicion was the statement that Harmo
ny, the plaintiff, had agreed to take a much less
sum than that which the bill embraced ; but the
fact was, a man might be induced to take a smaller
> amount before law proceedings were instituted than
after he bad a verdict of a jury in his favor.
Mr. Marshall, of Kentucky, said be bad looked
over the record, and was satisfied that the judg
ment of the District Court would be reversed. He
therefore moved as a substitute, a bill authorising
the Attorney General to prosecute the writ of error,
and to take* steps by which all legal proceedings
shall be stayed, until the decision of the Supreme
Court shall have been obtained ; and that should
the judgment of the District Court be sustained,
i that the Secretary of the Treasure
to pay the same out of any unappropriated money
[ then in his hands.
Mr. Stuart withdrew his motion for postpone
ment, and a motion to reconsider was carried.
Mr. Hibbard, of New Hampshire, analysed the
. account of the party who had brought an action
against Col. Mitchell; and, allowing for the extra
[ vagance of various items, and for interest, the ac
count only amounted to $82,000, and he did not
! understand why 95,000 should be appropriated, as
proposed in the bill.
Tne bill substituted by Mr. Marshall was then
read a third time and passed.
A motion was here made and negatived to sus
pend the rules for the purpose of calling upon the
members of States for bills of which notice had
been given and resolutions, upon which the yeas
and nays were ordered ; but which was negatived
under the two thirds rule—yeas 57, nays 12.
. On motion of Mr. Hall of Missouri, the House
| resolved into a Committee of the whole on the state
of the Union, for the purpose of taking up, under
the special order, the bill granting 160 acres of land
fpr a homestead.
Mr. Houston of Ala., Chairman of the commit
tee of AVays and Means, suggested that the House
go into a Committee of the AVhole on the State of
the Union, for the purpose of taking up the Defi
ciency Bill, but Mr. llall would not withdraw his
motion
Mr. Fitch of Tun-, had the floor for Saturday, and
alter professing great respect for Mr. Fillmore ;
went into a review of the Message of the
President of the United States at "the open
ing of the session, condemned the policy which
has beeu pursued, both as regards the foroip- u and
Domestic policy of the Government, and went in
to a comparison of the expenditure of the General
Government, from the time of Mr. Van Bnrcn’s
administration, for the purpose of showing the ex
travagance exhibited in the appropriations of 1851.
Mr. AVilson, of Miss., then took the floor, but
yielded to a motion that the Committee rise.
The House having resumed, Mr. Clark, of lowa,
submitted the resolutions of that State, relative to
the Compromise measure ; recommending the car
rying it out, as a Constitutional measure, whatever
might be the view entertained of its provisions.
Mr. Clark—a motion having been made to print
tire resolutions—addressed the House at some
length in support of the principles enunciated
therein. The people of the State which he repre
sents, he said, had no particular attachment to the
institutions of the South, but are willing that its
citizens should manage their own affairs in their
own way, but were willing to submit to the powers
that exist, as being ordained of God. It was the
disposition of people to murmur from the time
the children of Israel quitted Egypt down to the
present time.
The “previous question” was here interposed,
and the main question to print was carried.
Mr. Cobb, of Alabama, submitted certain reso
lutions of tire State of Alabama, which were refer
red t<4 the Committee on Public Lands. After
which the House adjourned at half past three
o’clock.
From the South Pacific.— Advices from Valparai
bo to Jan.26th state that tranquility had beeu re
stored in (-hili. The State prisoners banished to the
Straits of tire Magellan had risen upon the garrison
and gained tire mastery. Tire American barque
Florida which had arrived at the Straits witli a
number of revolutionists had been seized by them.
It is also that the American Consul at A’al
paraiso had been advised that another American
vessel, (name unknown), bound from California
to New York, wit h a large amount of gold on board
bad been captured by these renegades, who had
sailed with both vessels for parts unknown.”
There being, unfortunately, no American man-of
war on this part of the coast at present, tire English
and French admirals have both dispatched ships
in search of these daring pirates.
A similar outbreak has recently occurred at the
island of Juan Fernandez, and attempts made to
take tire American barque Eliza, which was freight
ing with wood there at the time; but sire succeeded
in putting out to sea before they accomplished their
designs. This island isat present one of the depots
for the Chili prisoners.
The American ship Lyons, of New Orleans,
bound to New York, had put into Valparaiso in
distress.— Bali. Amer.
Connecticut.— The AA'hig State Convention was
held at New Haven last week, at which D. P. Tyler
and A. G. Hazzard were appointed delegates at
large to the Whig National Convention. Tire Com
promise measures and the National Adminisiration
were sustainediu the following series of resolutions,
which, having been reported by a committee and
fully debated bV Messrs. Stuart, Tyler, Ferris,
Hopkins, White,' Trumbull, Cellogg,* and others,
were harmoniously adopted, a separate vote being
taken on each:
Resolved , That we re-affirm, as the cardinal po
licy of our land, the great measures of Protection
to American Industry, of Internal improvements,
and the principle of a just distribution of the pub
lic lands, whenever the country is out of debt, us
vital to the prosperity of tire country, and that a
judicious system of discriminating specific duties
in laying revenue is demanded, particularly at the
present time, by the depressed condition of labor
and capital.
Resolved , That the measures passed by Congress
in 1850, for the settlement of highly exciting sec
tional questions, were adopted upon the principle
of mutual concession and compromise, and that
they ought therefore to be maintained inviolate
and carried out in good faith by all sections of the
country.
Resolved , That we gratefully accord to President
Fillmore and his distinguished Cabinet tire praise
of conducting his Administration urwtn trnlv mi-
kjl ms upon truiy im
tional principles, with high ability, integrity and
wisdom.
1 ndiana. —At the Whig State Convention held at
Indianapolis on the 26th ult., John A. Watson, the
lust Whig candidate for Governor, presided. Res
olutions in favor of Winfield Soott and John J.
Crittenden for President and Vice President, were
passed unanimously.
Other resolutions were passed, which re-affirm
the old hig Platform, and say nothing, one w'av
or the other, in. regard to slavery or any sectional
question. The resolutions also express sympathy
with all the struggles for Freedom among the peo
ple of the Old World.— Balt. Amer.
Girard College.— The fourth Annual Report
of the Girard College contains a full statement of
the condition of the institution, and a catalogue of
the officers and pupils. The appropriations for the
year were $62,900 and the expenses fall short of
this bv £1,106.86, which was returned to the com
missioners of the Girard estates. Os the expen
ditures £40,226.82 were for the Household; £lO,-
646.22, for Instruction; £469 for the Library;
£1,419.60 for “Accounts,” and £-31.50 for Admis
sion and discharge. There are in the College, 76
pupils in the Primary Department; 107 in Pri
mary School No. 1 ; and 115 in Primary School No.
2 —total 298. Os this number 242 were born in
Philadelphia, and 56 in other parts of Pennsylva
nia. This institution seems to be most admirably
managed in every department, and to be accom
plishing the work designed by its distinguished
founder.— Oh. Covr.
The annual commencement of Jefferson Medical
College, at Philadelphia, took place on Saturday
ast; the whole number of students attending du
ring the session was 506.
Children, like dogs, have so sharp and fin® a
scent that they detect and hunt out every thing—
the bad before all the rest. They also know well
enough how this or that friend stands with their
parents; and as they practice no dissimulation
whatever, they serve as excellent barometers by
which to observe the degree of favor or disfavor at
which we stand with their parents.— GoHh*.
Bp JHnpftif Celfijrapl).
Charleston Market.
Thursday, March 11.—Corroit.—The sales to-day
sum up 1000 bales —for the week 8,700 bales. The
market closes with a slight decline on the lower
qualities, while the higher grades command lull
prices. We quote Middling to Middling Fair . ■/$
to 8)i cents. The receipts of the week are 20,260
bales, against 10,820 same time last year. Stock,
exclusive of what is on ship-board. 40,483 bales
against 62,071 same period last season.
New Orleans March if. — On Tuesday 75,00 bales
of Cotton were sold at prices barely an eighth low- i
er than these previously current Strict Middling |
was worth '7%< cents. Mess Pork has a- Lvanced to *l6.
10,000 bbls. of Ohio Flour were disposed of to-day *
at from 5.10 to *2.15,—C/o Cour. hy Telegraph
Further by the Arctic.
XewYouk, March B.—The steamer Arctic, with
Liverpool dates of the 25th nit., has arrived, haying
made the passage in less than 12 days. She brings
11 passengers. “She passed the Europa on the 27th
bound East.
The Niagara arrived at Liverpool at noon on the
23d.
Liverpool, Feb. 25.—Circulars vary as to the
condition of the Cotton market. Some quote the
market inanimate and prices a shade lower. This
is attributed to political changes rather than to any
want of confidence on the part of consumers, in
the present range of prices, in relation to the pro
bable future supply of the raw material. Sales on
the 21st of 6000 bales ; on the 23d, 6000 bales —all
to the trade. On the 24th,7000 bales, 2000 of which
were taken by exporters and speculators. The
market to-cay opens quietly, and the sales will be
to a moderate extent and steady rates.
Brown 6: Shipley quote Cotton quiet without
change in prices. Sales for the four days, inclu
ding Tuesday, were 30,000 bales.
They also quote Wheat, Flour, and Corn, in
limited demand, at Friday’s rates.
Cox’s Circular says that the demand for Flour is
better, with an advance of 3d. per bbl. Corn, on
the spot, as well as floating cargoes, sold freelv at
6d. advance. At Mark Lane the advance bad
reached Is. Wheat was in moderate demand, but
holders were firm at previous rates.
Manchest r Market. —The demand for Coods and
Yarns conlnnes unabated. Several new mills
were being built to supply the increased demand.
The spring trade promises well. The European
and East India demand was good bu moderate for
the United States. The extreme prices for Goods
and Yarns of last week were freely given.
Money Market. —There had been some fluctua
tions in the English funds. Consols closed at i>7)4
a 97X* Continental stocks hud improved. Ameri
can unchanged.
England. —The Ministerial crisis absorbed public
attention. Lord John Russell’s resignation was
definitively accepted by the Queen on the 21st ulr.,
and Lord Derby, formerly Lord Stanley, was sent
for on the 23d. The latter nobleman submitted his
list of Cabinet officers to the Queen and kissed her
hand upon his appointment to office.
It is understood that Lord Lyndhurst has de
clined to accept the position offered him.
According to custom, Parliamentary business
was suspended. The Houses met on Monday to
receive the formal announcement of the resigna
tion of the Ministry, and then adjourned until Fri
day. The new Reform Bill and other bills, pecu
liarly Government measures, were considered de
funct.' The question now was, whether Lord
Derby woi Id go on with the same louse or dis
solve Parliament. The probability was that the
dissolution would be postponed till summer.
Lord Landsdown, in the House of Peers, and
Lord Join Russell, in the House of Commons,
have declared that they will resist any attempt to
rerimpose duty upon Corn.
Generally speaking, the new Cabinet is favorably
received. Reports prevailed, however, that the
opposition won d not vote the usual supplies until
Lord Derby should announce the principles upon
which the administration would act.
France.— The only incident attracting notice
was the arrest o r M. Baroche, one of the trustees of
the Orleans property, on Hie charge of circulating
seditious publications.
The alledged protest, of the Autocrat of Russia,
addressed to Louis Napoleon, is said to be without
foundation. %
M. Dupin has declined to stand as a candidate '
for the Assembly from any department.
The Secretary of the Pasha of Egypt had arrived
in Paris on a special mission. The Bank of France
had reduced interest to 3 per cent. Five’s closed
at 103 f. 80c.
The elections for members of the Assembly
would take plaoeon Feb. 39th and March Ist.
The dowi fall >f the English ministry had caused
considerable sensation in Paris.
The Illustrated London News had again been
stopped at the French Postoffiee.
Active negotiations were said to be in progress
to induce th 3 Duchess of Orleans to consent that
the Count d 3 Paris should raise his right in favor
of the Due c e Bordeaux.
Belgium. —The demand of Napoleon for the de
struction of the Waterloo Monument, bad created
universal excitement in Belgium, and much energy
was manifested in levying the year’s recruits and
increasing tl e military force
Diplomatic relations were about lye; ng entered
into between Belgium and Russia.
Philadelphia. March Bth.—A large meeting of
the Native Americans was held to night at the Com
inissioners's Hall, Southwark to express indigna
tion at having a block of marble from the Pope
placed in Washington’s Monument. A number of
violent addresses were made.
Boston, March B.—The Agents of the America
have given bonds for her value and she will be de
livered over to them.
_ Joseph Bickley, one ofthe Stewards of the Ame
rica has absconded and £2OO are offered for his ar
rest.
New York, March B.—The Arctic brings intelli
gence that theEi uperor of Austria conferred the or
der ofthe Iron Crown upon Chevalier Ilulsemau
as a mark of approbation for his course at Wash
ington.
Philadelphia, March 8. — S. E. Ellis, >f Parkers
burg, Va., was robbed last evening, in the. Western
train of ears of £ISOO. The money was in Virginia
bank notes.
Cincinnati, March 8. —Boats'of all kinds arc run
ning freely and the river is in fine navigable con
dition. Provisions are firm with an improving
tendency. Breadstutfs firmer, and prices tending
upward. Whiskey 20 cents.
Washington, March 7. — A1l the rumors as to a
misunderstanding between Louis Napoleon and
Mr. Rives, or that Mr. Rives’ recall has been re
quested, or that it is contemplated to recall him,
are wholly unfounded. The recent despatches from
France give r.o cause for supposing ti nt friendly
relations will be in any way interrupted.
The United States Stock issued to foreigners du
ring the past week, amounted to eighty-four thou
sand eight hundred dollars.
Louisville, March 6th. — Kossuth addressed the
Gen tans yesterday in their own language, in the
Methodist Church—£l admission. He Iwelt upon
the advantages revolutionists now have in Europe
over their opponents ; was very sarcastic upon the
course of the crowned heads; consider'd that bis
cause would eventually prove successful beyond
doubt, and contended that the U. States, as a re
public, should not stand alone in the approaching
contest. He declared that the Governm -ut has the
power to act; and appealed to the Genuans and
the people to exercise their influence through the
ballot box. He closed with a most earnest appeal
to all the German citizens of America, who, he cun
tended, should be foremost in thus sustaining biui
and his cause. He speaks to-night in the Court
house ; no one being admitted without puchasing
cue ofthe Hungarian bonds of one dollar.
V»*V/ Vi Viiv i-xuil&Mi mu WVHVI.3 VI VUV VibMitil •
The amount of material aid for Kossuth here will
probably not roach $3,000.
Kossuth will leave to-morrow, on the steamer
Emperor, for St. Louis.
PoronKEEPsis:, March* 6.—A successful experi
ment was performed hero to-day, by Prof. G-ustin,
of Trenton, N. J.. on his electro-magnetic engine,
demonstrating a considerable amount of power
with a small amount of battery. The evidence is
conclusive that the power can be produced as cheap
as steam.
Origin of Newspapers.— Mankind are indebted
to Queen Elizabeth and Lord Burleigh for the first
printed newspaper, which was entitled the
•‘English Mercuric.” The earliest number is still
’ in the British Museum Library, and bears the date
of July 23, 1688. During the civil wars, periodi
cal papers, the champions of the two parties, were
extensively circulated, and were edited bv -such
writers as Needham, Birkenhead and L’Estrange,
all men of considerable ability. In the reign‘of
Anne there was but one daily paper, the “Dailv
Courant. The first provincial journal in England
was the “Orange Postman,” started in 1706, at the
price of a penny, but a half penny was not refused.
The Earliest Scott ish newspaper appeared under
the auspices of Cromwell, in 1652.
CONSIGNEES
Per Iron Steam Boat Co.'s Steamer J. Randolph,
with boats S and 12. Mdz. to Barrett A Caner; B. S.
Dunbar ;J. Sibley ; Baker A Hart; D. W. Dill ; Hand A
Fleming ; Hand, Williams A Co.; W. H. Maharrey & Co.;
Tliayer Sc Butt; T weewitts A Dawson ; Baker <k Wilcox ;
A. J. Kreighton ; W. M. Rowland, Agent; (r. T. Dortic ;
Carmichael & Bean ; W. E. Jackson & Co.; Dunham A.
Bleakly ; Lamback & Cooper ; Doughty & Beall; T. N.
Poullain & Son ; Gould, Bulkly A Co.; W. S. Jones ; Henry
& Skinner; Scranton, Stark A Davis; A- Fredrick ; J. Mel
lauer ; Geo. Schley ; G ray Brothers ;J. R. Rhode-. ; .S.
AT. IT. Roberts ; Adams, Hopkins A Co.; W. J. Owens ;
P. A. Moise; Estes A Richmond ; J. B. Guieu ; A. Gardell;
Jesse Osmond and W. Sc J. Nelson
I> AC'O.V, II \< O.V - 16,im)0 lbs. prime new Baltimore
) BoeonSIDES. mht RUSSELL 4 WHITEHEAD.
ttODFlrtli, —5 .ierce3 choice CODFISH, just received by
j BihlO ESTES A RICHMOND,