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SATURDAY, November 21, 1789.] THE AUGUSTA CHRONICLE AND GAZETTE of the STATE. . - •' « ■■ - —1 ■«» FREEDOM of the PRESS, and TRIAL by JURY, fliall remain inviolate* New Confutation of G tor gin* AUGUST A: Printed by JO H N E. SMITH, Printer to the StatE; Ejfays , Articles of Advertifements y &c. will be gratefully and every kind of Printing performed. For the Augufla Chronicle . —«©»<£>.©» — Observer. No. 11. EDUCATION in GENERAL. THIB is a most important fubjeft toman kind, and yet difficult to untold and set in a true point of The discussion of it involves an attack upon the prejudices of the multitude & the Confirmed, habitual practices of man To attempt this, is much like return ing to sea in the violence of a dorm, without hope of obtaining any valuable object. It rs of ten a dangerous experiment attended with very little success. General opinion is a stubborn thing, notto be altered by the efforts of an indi vidual : The publick mind is oppofcd to cor rection, and tenacious of its own e'tablillted maxims. It is, therefore, difficult to make invafiom even where they are necessary; and difficult to determine what »> necessary. Various have been the modes of inttrudion in different countries and in different ages of the world ; and numerous have been the de feds of almost every public mode hitherto cftablifhed. Attempts hive been made by different men to alter the established mode; but they have not often succeeded. This has sometimes happened from the imperfection of the proposed plan, and sometimes from the difficulty of changing current fentimeota.— The end of every system of education (liould be, to open the powers of the mind, andefta bliffi fuoh principles as naturally tend to be nefit mankind. But hitherto, almost every plan has tended more or less to fetter the mind, and prejudice it against the lave of truth. Whereas a fyftern of education, that would implant in the human mind an invin cible love of truth and prevent prejudices, would answer a more valuable purpoie. It would affirt nature in her operations, and ex hibit to the view of the world, effects differ ent from what we have hitherto seen. It would give liberality to mental opinions, and destroy the effects of scholastic pride —ln fe xninaries of learning, hithefto the objed has notlieen so much to open the powers of the human mind as to initiate the ffudeat into cer tain claffick rriyfleries, which would raise wonder amongst the multitude. Hence hav ing performed the claffick round, he leaves the inffitution more ignorant and less open to the influence of truth, than when he entered. Having been there taught, that the whold'bu fmefs of education consists in reading over tbofe books, which are put into his hr.nds, when this was done he rested contented, be lieving bimfelf to be learned and wife. He does not even miftrufi , that his education is a mere piece of mechanifin; but he fuppofea himfelf as wife as Confucius , and as penetrat ing as Newton. —System is indeed necessary in some measure ; but, if too much depen dance be laid upon it, it will mod assuredly cramp genius and prevent inquiry. In efta biiihiug, therefore, fyflematick principles, iu literary institutions, let not publick opinion so far fanftify them as to make a mental devi ation an unpardonable crime. But of this, we ihall perhaps treat mote fully in some fu ture Number. ALFRED. i GEORG IA. PETERSBURG, July I£ AN express which arrived here the nth infl. ftom Prince Potemkin, brings aft vice, that his Highuefs had his army, and palled the bog of Olviepol, from whence he dispatched the courier who brought the above intelligence on (he hid of this month. Admiral Tfcbitchacow, commander of the imperial fleet in the Baltic, has traufmitted particulars of an adion between part of the Swedilh flee: of Sweaborg, and three Ruffian vei’els. The Admiral endeavoured to com pel the enemy to quit the port they occupied at the point of farkulauta, where they cut off the commi.nication between Bellingfore and the weftern part of the coafl of Finland. For this purpose the Swedes had detached from Sweaborg three half gallies, four gun boats, and a xebec. They were opposed by one rowed frigate, a brigantine, and a cutter. The engagement took place the 3d inst. and was obstinately maintained on both Odes for two hours and an half; but notwiihllanding the Swedilh battery on the coafl took part in the couteft, the vidory declaied in our favor. After the retreat of the -weries, our troops disembarked and deflroyed the battery, took two iron cannons, and a quantity of military stores. . Our people found 1$ bullets winch the Swedes, who defended the place, left in the furnaces, wbeiethey had been placed to have been made red hot. PLYMOUTH, iuejday, Augujl 18.' ROYAL VISIT. The long expeded naval review of the squadron under Commodore Goodall, took place this day. « By nine o’clock in the morning the fleet of barges made their appearance in the Sound, from Saltram. In the firft barge was Sir Richard Bickertoni next to him followed the Lords of the Admiralty ; their Majeftiesand the three Prioceffes, were seated in the third barge. Each boat had its diftinguifliing co lours flyiug : In the firft was the Admiral’s flag—the Admiralty colours in the fecond— and the Royal ftatidaid was difplajed in that of his Majesty.—A general salute was fired as be proceeded through the Sound to the Southampton, both from the ships in the har bour and the forts. As soon as the Royal Fa mily, Lords of rhe Admiralty, and a few at tendants, were all on board, the Southamp ton got utrer weigh, with a flrong breeze from the eastward, and flood to the squadron, then about four leagues in the Offing, waiting ; his Majesty’s arrival. The Magnificent, ever attendant on Majesty, followed: When the Southampton got a-breast of the fliips, the Commodore filled his top-fails, and drew his fleet into a line of battle a-head, about two cable’s length asunder. A plan of the ren contre was furnitbed'to the ihips, which was directed in the following order : A /ketch of the positions of the squadron under the command of Commodore Goodall in the intended a*tack of the supposed enemy. The whole squadron in a liue on the ftar * board tack, by the wind, fleering W. S. W. f The firft division, confiding of the Cum berland, Orion, Hebe, aud Bedford, having * borne aud formed as a fubftitude for an enbpajk The-fceond division, led by the Coiiimo* p- dore, ctfnliftiug of the Carnatic, Bellona, t)i --%i % [Vol. IV. No. CLXIV.j redor, and Goliah, having edged down and commenced the attack — The enemy throws lumfelf in a different position by wearing together, and forms a dole compact line, leading large. The Britilh also wear together, renew the attack, and soon after difcontinui* the adion, and form the two divisions in a line by the wind, from which they wear or tack in suc cession, and pass under the stern of the ship bearing the Royal cheer, and then salute, &c. &c. bring to in line of battle, &c. * r * , - • ; When the squadron is formed, as intbelaft line a-head, as before-mentioned, the proper colours of the fubftitude enemy to be hrnfled, and prepare to tack or wear together; to lead dowu under the stern of the fliip bearing the - Royal flag, and cheering in lucceffion ; and having all pafled, perfectly cleared the ship in which his Majesty is ctnbarked, the salute of twcjwy-one guns, to begin; the Carnatic 'i firing the second gun, then prepare for a ge deral chace, order for failing or other move inent. Every ship saluted with twenty-one gunsf the king then about half a mile to windward. This had a beautiful appearance; their Ma . jetties were quite pleased with the regularity of the, liue, and the seaman-like conduct of every ship of the fleet. The next signal was to commence she adion, for which purpose the four headmoft (hips of the van hotfted St. George’s ensign, as a di fliuguiiliiug squadron, put up the r helms, ; run down, and drew a line on the larboard tack to leeward, backed their main top-fails, and waited the attack of the supposed enemy > when eijch flup had got a-breast of her oppo nent. a smart fire began, and continued near half an hour, extremely well conduced : The fbips to leeward, finding thcmfelves hard pres sed, bore away, as dilabled, which gave their enemies an opportunity of taking them. This little manoeuvie, to those, like their Majes ties, who had never leen an engagement, was highly chatade. iftic and pleafiog—they bore up, however, but to refit, and form in a line on the ltarboard tack, so that the adion was soon re-commenced with all its former obsti nacy, for an hour aud au half. Some of the fliips, the Bedford ip p rtirular, very iuge nioully topped their yards different ways, and ' let go their t p-fail ihefcts, to make the rig gmg appear cut by tfaVencuty ; this bad a good ' effed. During this well fought battle, the South ampton kept conftamly to windward, and neatly a-breast of the center, for the ptjrpofe of viewiag them more dittinelly. The ac tion over, they lay to for fotne little time, apparently io icfir, v/hen they filled again, and made fail on the ftai board tack, agreeable to tke plan laid down in orders : TheCom | modore, in the Carnatic, leadingina line of battle a-head, failed under the ftera of the Southampton, in feninrity, (who wasfeying to) ioweted their top gallant fails, mantipi their lhrouds, cheered, aud fired a Royal lute. Nothing could heighten this evolution ; it was grand beyond conception, at the fame time it displayed a refpedful loyalty ; as the ' fliips palfed under the stern, they bore away so as to form a molt beautiful crefceut, and ' then hauled their wind in a line cf battle a*'" bead, the Commodore lift! leading.