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f SATURDAY, September 14, 1805* AUGUSTA CHRONICLE, GAZETTE O F T H E S T A TE. FREEDOM of rai PRESS and TRIAL by JURY shall remain inviolate. Cox/iitution e/ Georgia* -> .—■ ■■■- ■ ■■■■■■■— --V ■- ■ —■■ -• - . A U G U S T A: Printed ey D. DRISCOL, hear the market, [3 Dolls, per Annum.'] For the Augusta Chronicle, No. 111. Addreffei to the Citizens cf Georgia, YOU have Teen, fellow-citizens, Presi dent Meigs’ latter to the Editor of the Au guita Herald, and ton have also seen, un der the signature of Gladiator, some obfer rations as to its purport and tendency.— it. now remains to make a few remarks on thi/confequence of this letter as coming from authority so high cs thal-of the Preftdent of our University. It is presumed that no man of common difcertiment need be' told of the inunenfe im portance of preferring, in its purity, the essence and spirit of this federal union, and thole republican principles, which gave sc birth. Every man whose mind is ex panded by one ray cf in telle Ana! light, who enjoys the liberty of speaking and thinking for himfclf, and feels his freedom from taxation, has long since been convinc ed of the importance offpreferving and hard ing down unimpaired to posterity, that li. herty which sweetens life. Is it not afton iihirg then, that so few concern themselves about the moll effeftual methods to preserve it ? Every man can boast of his love of li l>erty, and sing aloud song of patriotism, but how few am there who look beyond the present day, and defery the lurking ckc nies of rcpublicanifm, with a determination to lay the axe to the root of the evil.— How few ate there who determine to purge the body politic of the poison which circu lates through its veins, and to strip the monster arifocracy of the plumes that deck its imposing form. Shew me the man whoife constant fludy, and earned endeavor, it is, to do this, and I v??ll indeed shew you the true friend t» his country . The .cjuMlum may now be sliced, what (hall be done to preserve this republican form of government, so dear to every en lightened citizen ? I answer much, very much depends on the virtuous and proper education of our youth. Early imprdlions and prejudices, are most lading. ’Tis education forint the tender mind “ Just as the twig it bent the tree’s inclin’d.” Shall wc be permitted for* moment to turn cur attention to the influence which educa tion has on the tender mind ? Let us in flance England. Every one knows the vi olent prejudices and prepofteflions which are inculcated there. The tender infant is early taught to lisp the praises cf “ our Lord the King,” and to attach infallibility to his every word and aftion. Looks, inculcat ing s; love for high rank and unmerited diftinclions, are ftrft put into bis hands; rnd every inftru&or, while he teaches him the use of letters, conflders it his duty to impress upon him, a laflbn of loyalty. It is the falhion for the fifing generation to be taught alike, and to think alike, on all political matters. UudifguifeJ merit, and irreproachable virtue arc turned out cf doors, to make way for the governing paflion of •hfolutc acquiefcencc, and unlimited far viiity. Thus ate the young men raifei up as cnemiei to the great bulk of the people, and as friends t« the few, who life in' {pica dor and roll in luxury at their expenec. Fome ft w instances can lie adduced where the noble spirit, and gigantic genius of the man has hnrft asunder thu fetter* in which he is enthralled, and like a meteor which blazes lawless through the Iky, he shines rcfplcndent until the venal hard of bribery arid corruption, stops his career. Let us cokc nearer home. Such, is nsar ly the date of things in nil the colleges in the northern states, and particularly New- Engjand. The most of the yesng men edu cated there, are not fettled in their poli tical tenets until they go to college. They then jeceive their politicalJia/r.p, not alone from Englilfc book* which are always in the bight ft repute, but from Prejidents , frof J/hrsj and Tutors , who. have before imbibed those imprefliscs, from the fame causes, wbohave neither fefught nor bled for 1 their country, and who are ftrangeu to the burden of taxation, or the toil of the labor tf* Could a young man be leen with a so- Fr of Paine’s Rights of Man, (the nscll in valuable political work which ever appear ed among men) in a northern college, and list he ridiculed or spurned from the Prcfi aem’s presence £ All the repreftntations con cerning politics are on one ft-ie, and all the ne, vs.papers circulating within the college tend to iaculcate the fame kflfon. # Smiles and honors attend the youth who im bibes the moth-eaten dogmas of the old fcbooly while he w.ho dares to vindics;*, with inflexible flrmnefs, the (pint of our confutation, (lands as an objcd (( for scorn to point its flow unmoving linger at.” t Modern federalifm! here thou haft a rett ing place, and a secure retreat! Here thou mayest riot is the slavery and subjugation of mankind! It is from these. ** northern hives” that the states are fn’rnifhed with (warms of federal bees. It is here, *• die riling hope” of our country receive thole indelible imprefiions, which enabled the enemies of our government, to hear up so strongly against the current of equal rights, during the years’9.B, 992nd 1800. Here the poisoned youth, commences his politic al career by denouncing and blowing the contaminating breath of Hander on the wis est and most patriotic charaders, which ever adorned any country, at the fublic com mencement ! Should I be alked what is intended to be inferred from all this, I answer that I infer the absolute neceflity of attending to our institutions of learning, and the proper e. ducaticn of cur youth, if we would prefer ve the fair fabric cf cur independence. Whom are we to depend on for our senators, cur legislators and our officers ? Undoubtedly on the young men, who are educate® at, and receive their lirft political imprcflions in our Univerfuy. It is the very source from which they draw their political breath. The President then is the very feat of life which fends forth blood and warmth into the mnoteft limbs and members of the body politic. Citizens of Georgia ! It is net intended that you Ikould infer any thing so nnftvor able of President Meigs, as to believe that his high office has been prpftitute lto poii- j tical purppfes, at war with the k.ntinients ' of an American—-That he has g ne tfcs monstrous lengths, with many northern gentry, who aft in the fame capacity. No. It is hoped hi? adminifi ration has been cor red in general, and that he intends to ore ferve pure the fountain of inftrudion. It is carncftiy hoped that the wrltirg a letter ap probatory of the ccndad of one of the bit terest enemies to republicanism which ycur Hate holds, has been the moll: anti-republi can trait in his charader, cr aft of his life. Still you owe it to ycur psfterity that you keep a paternal and watchful eye over ycur nursery of feience. The prepofl'effions which our Tons receive towards aristocracy are ft rung enough from Englifa books, which they must neceflarily read ; if. is our (acred duty then to fee that their tender minds are not trammelled by cold blooded arillocrac ical inftruders. Candor conftraios rne to fay that the having fandioned the condud and principles of the Herald Editor, can have no good cfTe# upon the minds of thole who lock up to President Meigs as a patron and a guide. Nothing would be more grati %ing than to fee a retaliation of some part of that letter, and a total difavOvval of the political principles of the man to whom it is addressed. GLADIATOR. AGRICULTURAL. The following defeription of an improvement in the Plough; and confcquent refledions by Mr. Jefferson, arc taken from the tranfadions cf the American Philofopicai Society at Philadelphia, vol. 4, no. 38 which will no doubt be acceptable to our readers. The defeription of a MOULD-BOARD,, of the lend reffiancty and of the eafiefi and most certain conjirufliony taken from a letter to Sir fthn Sinclair, President of the Board of Agriculture at London. PHILADELPHIA/ March 28, 1798. Dear Sir, I HAVE to acknowledge the receipt of your two favors cf Jane 21 and July 15, and several feperatc parcels, containing the Agricultural icpcrts — Thefc now form a great mass »f information on a fubjed, of all in the world the mot iiterefting to man : for none hut the huibandraan makes any thing for him to eat—and he who can dou ble his food, as your exertions bid (air to do, deserves to rank among his bendadors 1 next after his Creator. Amonft io many reports of tramehdant merit, one is unwilling to diftir.guifli particulars ; yet the applica tion cf the new chemistry to the fuKjpd of manures, the difeoffion of the queuion on the Cze of farms, the treaties on the potatae, GEORGIA. frsm their univerkdity, have an advantage in other countries over those which’ ate to pographical. The work which (hall be for med as the refuit of the whole, we shall t\- with impatience. Permit me through you to make here my acknowledgements to the Board of Agricul ture, for the honor they have been pleated to confer on me, by nlfociating me to their inft-itiUton. In love for the art lam tsaiy their alfociale ; but events have confronted roy prediledion fpr its practice, and denied to me that uninterrupted attention which a lone enables us to advance in it with a jure ftep.T.Perhaps I may hud opportunities of being uiefu! to you as a centinel at an out [ >‘A, by conveying intelligence of whatever may occur here, new j>nd interesting to cg <">culture. This duty I shall perform with pleasure, as well as in tcfpe&ful return for the notice of the Board 1 , as form a t/.cal for i the condition cf human life, by • -, u interchange of its comforts, and of the information which mayincreafu - tficm. W * • * * * * ■* * # " V In a "qrmer letter to you, I mentioned I the conftruftion of a mould beard of a plough which had occurred to me as advantageous in :rs form, as certain and invariable in the method of obtaining it with prccilion. L remember that Mr. Strickland, of York, a member of onr board, was so well fat is ft - ed with the principles on which it was for med, that he took feme drawings of it ; and feme ethers have ccnfidcrcd it with the fame approbation. Ati experience of five years his enable rn«||pray, itanfwcrs in practice to wha tit promt fed in theory. The mould board Ihculd be a continuation of wing piough-fnare, beginning at its hinder edge, and in the fame plain. Its tuft office is to receive the sod horizontally from the wing, to raise k to a proper height for being turned 1 over, arid to make in its progress the le dft reffance pojfble; and consequently require a minimum in the rpoving power. Were this its only office the wedge would offer itfelf as the raoft * eligible form in praflicc. But the sod is to be turned over also. To do this the one edge of it is not Jo be rat fed at all ; for to raise this would be a walte of labor. The other edge is to be railed till it pafl-s the perpendicular, that it may fail o ver with its own. weight. And that this may be done so as to give also the Icaft refi nance, it rauft be made to rife gradually from the moment the sod is received. The noould-board (hen in this second office ope rates as a transverse, or raffing wedge, the point of which Aiding back horizontally on the ground, the other end continues riling till it passes the perpendicular. Or, to vary the point of view, place on the ground a wedge, of the breadth of a plough-lharc, of ks length from the wing backwards, and as high at the heel as it' is wide. Draw a -diagonal on its upper face from the left angle, at the point, to the right upper angle of the heel. Bevil the face from the diagonal to the right bottom edge which lies an the ground. That half is then evidently in the Left form for performing the two offices of railing and turning the sod gradually, and with the lead effort; and if you will fup pefe the fame bevil continued acrcfs the left fide of the diagonal, that is, if you will Cuppofe aftrait line, whefe length is at Jeaft equal to the breadth of the wedge, applied on the face of the firft bevil, and moved backward on if, parallel with itfelf, and with the ends of rhe wedge, the. lower end of the line moving along the right bottom edge, a curved plan will be produced vvhofe charaflerifHc will be, a combination of the priciples of the wedge, in cross dircilioos, and will give what we feck, the mould board oflenftreff.ar.ee . It offers too this great advantage, that it may bemadeby the coarsest workman, by a process so exad, that its * / am a-Marc that were the turf only ti be rafed to a given height m a given length of mould-board) and not it be turned over, the form $f leaf rcffance would not he rl. goroufy a vsedge ‘with both facet fraight , but with the upper one carved , according to the laws of the Solid , cf leaf reffance, diferibed by mathematicians . But the diffe rence between the effeft of the carved , and of the flam vicdge, m the enje of a mould board, is so minute, and the difficulty in the execution, which the former 'Wouldfn per'mduce, *i common ‘Warihten, it fa greet that the plain wedge is the m's eligible, to be nfamed in practice for the fife element cf our corf mil ion. [Lrz t** IVol. XIX. Now 9&9 form fliall never be varied a single hair’s breadth. One .fault of all other mould boards is, that being copied by the eve, ” / two will be a like ; intruth it is easier e< form the mould-hoard I speak of with pro-' cifion, when the method has been cncc seen than to deferibe that method either by words or figures. I will attempt however to de feribe it.« Whatever may not be intdliyl- Ide from the defeription, may be supplied from the model I fend you. [Four pages are occupied in giving a mere minute defeription of this improvement, in technical terms and figures---the latter then proceeds-.-] While the rpoidd boards have been tinder trial, and eflajs have been making greater or less pr&je£u,ons for the upper right edge of the block, and of different heights in pro portion to the depth of the furrow, I have continued to make them of wood, But now fatf.fied by a fuflkient experience, that for a furrow of nine byJix inches, the dlmenti ons I has dated .are the bell, I piopcfe to have the mould.board made of cast Iron. I am feniible that this defeription nuy be thought too long and elaborate for a sub- - j which has hardly been deemed worthy the application of feiente. But if the Plough be in truth the mod ufcful of the inftrumems known to man, Its perfcAicn cannot ha an idle (peculation. And in any case what, ever, the combination of a, theory which may fatisfy ihe learned, with a praAtce in telligible to the two mod ufcful chfles of fccicty. Be this as it may, from the wi dow her mite oniy was expefted. I have contributed accordipg to my poverty ; o thers from their abundance—-None fu much as yourfelf, who have been the animating principle of the Institution from its firft germ. When I contemplate the cxtnifive. good, which ihe proceedings under your direction are calculated to produce, I can not but deplore every peffibility of their in- , terruption. lam fixed in awe at the migh ty conflict, to which two great nations are advancing, nnd recoil with horror at fc tocioui'nefs of man. Will nations t>ivcrde vife a more rational umpire of difference* than force ? Are there no meat s cf coercing injustice more gratifying to our nature than a wafle of the blood of and of the labor of millions of our fellow creatures ? Wo fee numerous focietiss of men (the abo riginals of this country) living together without the acknowledgment of either law? or magistracy. Yet they live in pea'cd a mong thcmfelves, and adts of violence and injury are as rat.* in their societies as in rta tions, which keep the sword of the law in perpetual aflivity—Public reproach, a rc fu fa lof common offices, interdiAion.of the - commerce and comforts of focicty, are found as eflfcAual, as the coarfcr inftrutnent of farce. Nations like these individuals, stand towards each other, only in the rela tions of natural right. Might they rot, like them, be peaceably par.ilhed for vio lence and wrong ? Wonderful has been the progress of human improvement in other times. Let us hope then, that the lav/ cf nature, which makes a virtuous conduit produce benefit, and vice less to the agent, in the long run, which has fanAioncd the common principle, that hontftj ts the beji will in time influence the proceed ings of nations as well as of individuals ; and that wc fliali at length, be fenfibie that WAR is an inflrument entirely inefficient towards redreifing wrong; that it multi plies, in (lead of indemnify ing losses. Had the money which has been spent in the pre fsnt war been employed in making roads and conducing canals of navigation and migration through the country, not a ho vel in the retro tell corners of the highlands of Scotland, or the mountains of Auvergne, would have been without a boat at its door, a ri!i of water in every field, and a road to its market town. Had the money we have loft by the lawlcfs depredations of all the . belligerent powers been employed in the fame way, what communications would have been opened of roads and waters ! Yet were we to go to war for redufs, inflead of redrols we mould pi sing deeper into lof , and disable ounelves For Haifa century more, from attaining the fame end. A war wauhi •cost us'mori than would cut thro’ the I;t-. rn is of Darien and that of Sue/- might hi vc hern opened with what in a finch; year has fetn thrown away on the rock of Gib raltar. These truths are palpal:o, and rc.-ft in the progress of time, have their i:! i ence on the minds and cor.c W. ci