Newspaper Page Text
2
PRESIDENT REVIEWS
EVENTS OF THE YEAR.
HE Tells the Whole Story of tHe Cause, the Beginning and
the Results of the War with Spain, ■
NOT PREPARED
To Make Recommendations
Until Alter the Conclusion
of the Treaty of Peace.
FAVORS IM INCREASE,
Washington, Dec. s.—The president he-
KiiiK his annual message, read to congress
today, with the recognition of the steady
-prosperity of the country, notwithstanding
the war, and the strengthening of fraternal
feeling among the people of the country.
After a succinct review of the efforts of
the government to induce (Spain to reform I
her policy in Cuba, the message proceeds:
At this juncture, on the 15th of Februa
ry last, occurred the destruction of (the
battleship Maine while rightfully lying in
the harbor of Havana on a mission of in
ternational courtesy—a catastrophe, the
suspicous nature and horrow of which
stirred the nation’s heart profundly. lit is
a striking evidence of the poise and stur
dy good sense distinguishing our national
character that this shocking blow, falling
upon generous people, already -deeply
touched by preceding events in (Cuba, -did
not move them to an instant, desperate re
solve to tolerate no longer the existence of
as danger .and disorder at our doors that
made possible such a deed by whomsoever
wrought. Yet the instinct of justice pre
vailed and the nation anxiously awaited
the result of the searching investigation at
once set on foot. The finding of the naval
’board of inquiry established that the ori
gin of the explosion .was external by a sub
marine mine, and only halted, through a
lack of positive testimony, do fix the re
sponsibility of its authorship.
All those things carried conviction to the
most thoughtful, even before the findings
of the naval court, that a crisis in our re
lations with Spain and towards Cuba, was
it hand. So strong was this belief that it
needed but a short executive, suggestion
io congress to receive immediate answer
io the duty of making instant provisions
for the possible and -perhaps speedily pro-
bable emergency of war, and the remark- ,
able almost unique, spectacle was presen- ,
Ird of a unanimous vote of 'both houses on ,
ihe 9th of March, appropriating $50,000,000 i
for the national defense and for each and
every purpose connected therewith and -to
expend at the discretion of the president.
That the act of provision came none to
soon was seen when the application of tht
fund was undertaken. Our coasts were
practically undefended. Our navy needed
large provisions for increased ammunition
and supplies, and even numbers to cope
with any sudden attack -from the navy of
Spain, which comprised modern vessels of
the highest type of continental perfection.
Our army also required enlargement of
men and ammunition. The details of the
hurried preparations for the dreaded con
tingency is told in -the reports of the sec
retaries of war and of the navy, and need
not be repeated here. It is sufficient to say
that the outbreak of the war. when it did
come. To-und our nation not unprepared to
meet the conflict.
Nor was the apprehension of coming
strife confined to our own country. -It was
felt by the continental powers which, on
April 6. through their ambassadors and en
voys. addressed to the executive an ex
pression of hope that humanity and mod
< ration might mark the course of this gov
ernment and people and that further nego
tiations would lead to an agreement which,
while securing the maintenance of peace,
-would afford all necessary guarantees for
the re-establishment of order in Cuba. In
responding to that representation, I said I
shared the hope the envoys had expressed
that peace might be in a manner
to terminate the chronic condition of dis
turbance in -Cuba so injurious and menac
ing to our interests and tranquility as
well as socking to our sentiments of hu
manity; and. while apreciating the 'hu
manitarian and disinterested character of
the communication they had made on be
half of the power. I stated the confidence
of this government, for its part, that equal
appreciation would be shown for its own
earnest and unselfish endeavors to fulfill
a duty to humanity by ending a situation
the indefinite prolongation of which had
become insufferable.
Still animated by the hope of a peaceful
solution and obeying the dictatees of duty,
no effort was relaxed to bring about a
speedy ending of the Cuoan struggle. Ne
gotiations to the .object, continued active
ly with the government of Spain looking
to the immediate conclusion of a six
months’ armistice in Cuba. with a view to
effect the recognition of her people’s right
to independence. Besides this, the instant
revocation of the order of reconcentration
was asked, so that the sufferers, returning
to their hemes and aided by united Amer
ican and Spanish effort, might be -put in a
way to (support- themselves and by orderly
resumption of the well-night destroyed
productive energies of the island, contrib
ute to the restoration of its tranquility and
■well being. -Negotiations continued for
some time at Madrid,, resulting in offers by
the Spanish government which could not
but be regarded as inadequate. It was
proposed to confide the preparation of
peace to the insular government, yet to be
convened und< r the autonomous decrees of
"November. 1897. but without impairment
in anywise of the constitutional powers of
the .Madrid government, which to that end
would gran an armistice if solicited by the
insurgents for such time as the general-in
chief might see fit to fix. How and with
what scope of discretioary powers the in
sular parliament was expected to set about
the “preparation” of peace did not appear.
If it were to be by negotiation with the
insurgents, the issue seemed Ao rest on
the one side with a body chosen by a
fraction of the electors in the district un
der Spanish control, and on the other with
the insurgent population, holding *the in
terior country, unrepresented in the so
called parliament, and defiant at this sug
gestion of suing for peace.
* Grieved and disappointed at this barren
outcome of my sincere endeavors to reach
a practicable solution. I felt it my duty
to remit the whole question to the con
gress. In the message of April 11, I§9B, I
| announced that with this last overture In
I the direction of immediate peace in Cuba,
and Its disappointing reception by Spain,
the effort of the executive was brought to
an end. I again reviewed the alternative
courses of action which had been propos
ed, concluding that the only one conso
nant with international policy and com
patible with our firm set historicaal -tra
ditions with intervention as a neutral to
stop the war and check the hopeless sacri
fice of life, even though that resort in
volved “hostile constraint upon both the
parties to the contest, as well to enforce
a truce as to guide -the eventual settle
ment.” The grounds justifying that step
I were, the interest of humanity; 'the duty
to protect the life and property of our
citizens in Cuba; the right to checK injury
to our commerce and people through the
devastation of the island and, most im
portant the need of removing at once and
forever the constant menace -and the bur
dens entailed upon our government by the
uncertainties and perils of the situation
caused by the unendurable disturbances in
Cuba. I said; “The long trial has proved
that the object for which Spain has waged
the war cannot be attained. The fire of in
surrection may flame or may smolder with
varying seasons, bijt, it has not been and
it is plain th-at it cannot be extinguished
■by -prestn methods. The only hope of re
lief and repose from a condition which can
no longer be endured is the enforced paci
fication of Cuba.. In the name of humani-ty
in the name of civilization, in behalf of
endangered American interests which give
us the right and the duty to speak afed to
act, -the war war in Cuba stop.
In view of all this the congress was
asked to use and empower Jhe -president
to take measures -to secure a full and
final termination of hostilities (between
Spain and the people of Cuba and to se
cure in the island rhe establishment of a
stable government, capable of maintain
ing order and observing its international
obligations, insuring peace and tranquility
and the .security of its citizens as well as
our own. and for the accomplishment of
those ends eo use the military and naval
forces of the United .States as military be
necessary, with added to authority to con
tinue generous relief to the starving peo
ple of Cuba.
The responses of the congress, after
nine days of earnest deliberation during
which the almost unanimous sentiment of
your body was developed on every point
save as to the expediency of coupling the
proposed action with a formal recognition
of the bepublic of Cuba as the true and
lawful government of that island —a pro
position which failed of adoption—the con
gress, after conference, on 'the 19th of
April, by a vote of 42 to 35 in the sena-te
and 311 to 6 in the bouse of representa
tives. passed the memorable joint resolu
tion declaring:
First —-That, the people of -the island of
Cuba are. and of right ought to be, free
and independent.
Secon—That it is the duty of the United
States to demand, and the government of
the United States does hereby demand,
that the government of Spain at once re
linquish its authority and government in
-the island of Cuba and .withdraw its land
and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban
waters.
Third —That the president of the United
States be and hereby is directed and em
powered to use the entire land and naval
forces of the United States and to call
into the actual service of the United States
the militia of the several states, -to such
extent as may be necessary to carry these
resolutiosn into effect.
Fourth —That the United States hereby
disclaims and disposition or intention to
jurisdiction or con
trol over said island for the pacification
thereof, and asserts its determination
when t b at is accomol’shed to leave the
government and control of the island to
its people.
This resolution was approved by thq ex
ecutive on the next day, -April 20th. A
copy was at once communicated to the
Spanish minister at this capital, who
forthwith announced that his continuance
in Washington had thereby become im
possible, and asked for his passports
which were given him. He thereupon
withdrew from Washington, leaving the
protection of Spanish interests in the
United States to the French ambassador
and the Austro-Hungarian ministers.
Simultaneously with its communication to
the Spanish minister here. General Wood
ford. the American minister at -Madrid,
was telegraohed confirmation of the text
of the joint resolution and directed to
communicate it to the government of
Spain wit hthe formal demand that it at
once relinquish its authority and govern
ment in the island of Cuba and withdraw
its forces therefrom, coupling this demand
with announcement of intentions of this
government as to the future of the island,
in conformity with the fourth clause of
the resolution and giving Sptin until noon
of April 23rd. to reply.
That demand, although as above shown
officially made known to the Spanish en-’
voy here was not delivered at Madrid. Af
ter the instruction reached General Wood
ford at Madrid, on the morning of April
21 but before b e could present it, the
Spanish of state notified him that
upon the president's approval of the joint
resolution the Madrid government regard
ing the Act as “equivalent to an evident
declaration of war” had ordered its min
ister in Washington to withdraw, thereby
breaking off diplomatic relations between
the two countries and ceasing all official
communication between their respective
representatives. General Woodford there-
MACON NEWS MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 5
•upon demanded him passports and quitted
Madrid the same day.
BEGINNING OF THE WAR.
Spain having thus denied the demand of
the United States and initiated that com
plete form of rupture of relations which
attends a state of war, the executive pow
ers authorized by the resolution were at
once used by me to meet -the enlarged con
tingency of actual war between sovereign
states. On April 22 I proclaimed a block
-1 ade of the north coast of Cuba, including
ports on said coast between Cardenas and
Bahai -Honda and the pest of Cienfuegos
on the south coast of Cuba: and on the
23rd called for volunteers to execute the
| purpose of the resolution. By my message
of April 25, the congress was informed of
the situation, and I recommended fbrmal
declaration of the existence of a state of
war between the United States and Spain.
The congress accordingly voted 02 the
same day the act approved April 25, 1898,
declared hte existence of such war from
and including the 21st day of April, and
re-enacted the provision of the resolution
of April 20th, directing the president to
use all the armed forces of the nation to
carry that act into effect. Due notification
of the existence of war as afforesaid was
given April 25 by telegraph to all the gov
ernments with which the United States
maintained relations in order that their
neutrality might be assured during the
war. The various governments responded
with proclamations of neutrality, each of
ter id own methods. It is not among -the
least gratifying incidents of the struggle
that the obligations of neutrality were inV
partially discharged by all, often under
delicate and difficult circumstances.
In further fulfillment of international
duty, I issued April 26, 1898, a proclama
tion announcing the treatment proposed
to be accorded to vessels and their car
goes as to blockade contraband, the exer
cise of search and the immunity of neu
tral flags and neutral goods ’ under ene
my's flag. A similar proclamation was
made by the Spanish government.
In the conduct of hostilities the rules of
the declaration of Paris, including absten
tion from resort to privateering, have ac
cordingly been observed by both belliger
ents, although neither was a party -to that
declaration.
Our country, thus, after an interval of
half a century of peace with all nations,
found itself engaged in deadly conflict
with a foreign enemy. Every nerve wa;
strained to meet the emergency. The res
sponse to the initial call for 125,000 volun
teers was instant and comolete. as was
also the result of the second call of Mav
25, for 75,0(0 add ! t’onal volunteers. The
ranks of the regular army were increased
to the limits provided by the act of April
26, 1898.
The enlistement force of the navy on the
15th day of August, when it reached ips
maximum, numbered 24,123 men and ap
prentices. One hundred and three vessels
were added to the navy by purchase, one
was presented to the government one
leased and t h e four‘vessels of the Inter
national Navigation Company, the St. Paul
St. Louis, New York and I’aris were char
tered. In addition to these revenue cut
ters and light house tenders were turned
over to the navy department and became
temporarily a part of the auxiliary navy.
The maximum effective fighting force I
of the navy during the. war separated into !
classes, was ds follows:
Four battleships of the first-class; one
battleship of the second-class; two armor
ed cruisers; six coast defense monitors;
one armored ram; twelve protected crui
sers: three unprotected cruisers; eighteen
gunboats; one dynamite cruiser; eleven
torpedo boats; vessels of the old navy in
cluding monitors 'fourteen. Auxiliary
navy: Eleven auxiliary cruisers; twenty
eight converted yachts; twenty-seven con
verted tugs; nineteen converted colliers:
fifteen revenue cutters; four light house
lenders, and nineteen miscellaneous ves
sels.
Much alarm was felt along our entire
Atlantic seaboard lest some attack might
be made by the enemy. Every precaution !
was taken to prevent possible injury to
our great cities lying along the- coast.
Temporary garrisons were provided, drawn
from the state militia; infantry and light
bateries were drawn from the volunteer
forces. About 12,000 troops were thus em
ployed. The coast signal service was es
tablished for observing the approach of
the the enemy’s to the coast of the United.
States and the life saving and ligth house
services co-operated, which enabled 'the
navy department to have all portions of
the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Texas,
under observation.
The auxiliary navy was created under
the authority of congress and was officer
ed and manned by the naval militia of the
several states. This organization patrol
led the coast and performed the duty of a
second line of defense.
Under the direction of the chief of en
gineers submarine mines were placed at
the most exposed points. Before the out
break of the war permanent mining case
mates and cable galleries had been con
structed at nearly all important harbors.
Most of the torpedo material was not to
be found in the market, and had to be
specially manufactured.
Under date of April 19, district officers
were directed to take preliminary meas
'ures, short of the actual attaching of the
loaded mines to the cables, and on April
22. telegraphic orders were issued to place
the loaded mines in position.
The aggregate number of mines placed
was 1,535, at the principal harbors from
Maine to California. The preparations
were also made for the planting of mines
at certain other harbors, but owing to the
early destruction of the Spanish fleet these
mines were not placed.
The signal corps was promptly organ
ized and performed service of the most
difficult and important character. Its op
erations during the war covered the elec
trical connection of all coast fortifications,
the establishment of telephonic and tele
graphic facilities for the camps at Manila,
Santiago and in Potto Rico. There were
constructed 300 miles of line at ten great
camps, thus facilitating military move
ments from these points in a manner
heretofore unknown in military adminis
tration. Field telegraph lines were es
tablished and maintained under the ene
my's fire at Manila and later the Manila
Hong Kong cable was re-opened.
In Porto Rico cable communications
were opened after a discontinued route,
and on land the headquarters of the com
manding officer was kept in telegraphic or
telephonic communication with the divis
ion commanders on four different lines of
operations. There was placed in Cuban
waters a complete outfitted cable ship with
war cables and cable gear, suitable both
for the destruction of communications be
longing to the enemy and the establish
ment of our own. Two ocean cables were
destroyed under the enemy's battleships
at Santiago. The day previous io the land
ing of General Shafter's cor s at Caiman
era within twenty miles of the landing
place, cable communications were estab
(Continued on page 3.)
ALL WOMEN
AGREE.
A drtiggist in Macon, Ga., says: “I
i have sold a large quantity of Mother*s
Friend, and have never known an in
stance where it has failed to produce the
good results claimed for it. All women
’ agree that it makes labor shorter and less
' painful.”
1 CJ •
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M/ / H
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Vjy/ zx. I
Mother’s Friend
is not a chance remedy. Its good effects
are readily experienced by all expectant
mothers who use it. Years ago it passed
the experimental stage. While it always
shortens labor and lessens the pains of
delivery, it is also of the greatest benefit
during the earlier months of pregnancy.
Morning sickness and nervousness are
readily overcome, and the liniment relaxes
the strained muscles, permitting them to
expand without causing distress. Mother’s
Friend gives great recuperative power to
the mother, and her recovery is sure and
rapid. Danger from rising and swelled
breasts is done away with completely.
Sold by druggists for $1 a bottle.
| THE BRADFIELD REGULATOR CO.
ATLANTA, GA.
Send for our free illustrated book for erpoctant motkvnu
Whereas, On the 10th day of September,
1889, Daniel E. Jenkins, of the city of Ma
con, county of Bibb and the state of Geor
gia, was the owner of sixteen shares in
the National Mutual Building and Loan
Association of New York, and on said day
obtained a loan of sixteen hundred
($1,600) dollars from said Association and
executed and delivered to it a bond con
ditioned to pay said sum with interest at
the rate pf six per cent, per annum until
paid, together with a monthly premium
of eight ($8) dollars for eight years, or
until ehe earlier maturity of said shares,
should they mature before the expiration
of eight years; and in addition thereto the
sum of $9.60 for the monthly dues on said
sixteen shares, which interest, premium
and dues are payable on or before the last
dav of every month at the office of the
Association in New York city, together
with fines according to the articles of
Association of said Association; and
Whereas, Said bond provides that should
any default be made in the payment of said
interest, premium, dues and fines, or any
part 'thereof, and the same shall remain
unpaid and in arrears for six months, that
the premium sum and any and all sums
i for interest, premium, dues and fines,
I shall, at the option of said Association,
i become due and payable, and
Whereas, Said Daniel E. Jenkins has
made default for more than six months in
the payment of said interest, premium and
dues and fines accruing thereon, and
'Whereas, After deducting the with
drawal value of shares' owned by said
Daniel E. Jenkins and pledged as collate
ral security on said loan, there remains
on the Ist day of June, 1898, a balance due
of $750.48 and said Association now de
clares said sum due and payable imme
diately; and
Whereas, said Daniel E. Jenkins, on
said 10 th day of September, 1889, executed {
and delivered to said Association a deed I
to secure the payment of the obligation i
mentioned in said bond, in which he con- |
veyed to said 'Association certain property '
' in the city of Macon, county of Bibb and ■
i state of 'Georgia, hereinafter described, j
! and in said deed authorized said Asocia
tion, upon default of payments as herein
before stated, -to sell at public outcry to
the highest bidder for cash, all of said
i property, or a sufficiency thereof to pay
' all moneys which (Shall then be due on
I said bond as aforesaid, together with all i
i the costs, charges and expenses incident !
I to such sale, 'and including ten percent of ,
! the amount due for attorney’s fee in as- j
j fecting such' sale, the time, place and i
I terms of said -sale to be advertised once a
I week for four weeks in some public ga
' zette of said county before said sale shall
I take place.
| Now, in execution of said authority,
' will be sold at public outcry before the
: court house door in Macon, Bibb county,
■ Georgia, between the legal hours of sale
! on 'the 6th day of December, 1898, to the
■ highest bidder for cash, the following de
scribed property, to wit:
All that lot or parcel of’ land known as
lot Number five (5) in square Number
seventv-two (72) in the city of Macon, i
county of Bibb and state of Georgia, be
ing next to the alley runnng through said
square, said property fronting seventy
three (73) feet on Spring (Street, and run
ning back the same width one hundred and i
thirty (130) feet. Sold as the property of
said Daniel E. Jenkins.
This 15th day of November, 18,98.
The National tMuaual Building and Loan !
Association of New York.
arris, Thomas & Glawscn.
Attorney.
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The News
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bi-
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GOODWYN’S DRUG STORE
Agents.
I —-..
Jn DTinn ft nn Real Estate and Insurance,
461 B e condSt. Phone 439
FOR RENT-
372 College street, Br. 517 Georgia /r -
239 Bond street, 9r. 7 room dwelling' f )U
233 Bond street, 6r. street near Whittle school.
482 Orange street, 6r. 6 room dwelling on {Jtubbs
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Fire and Accident Insurance.
And Harness
J® thought of the man whose wife
•_ c^^ren 34,0 accustomed to taking daily
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T h € ’ a - r o est stock of pianos and organs,
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