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THE COURIER. by jr. g. m’Wiiohteh. IT Ailnsttiarmaiitn tiol MiwuJiiif n wfti fir»i limn for to 1-4 cotiu, iqU 1.1 J» teal tlnuuu*. AilvurtUemmu uf on« aquerM, publUh.'J tfakUt, 02 1 rants, Mmf.Uif. M.00 lur«mCu luMinion If ihc AfonOdv Arfrordflomaiit cimrUU nf r— —- -- **'** • cents par sqtitre f ••oh r.tinUuunnc*. IVraoiu Ail vurldinff ara nml will Us rnutlr Tapar, a tint rain for .... ... W tiers pm ion* huvr *innd.H*j iulvartUarr.otitaufa<>vqr«l •'I leraMpcclalcoltlracUtiiay be mudo. ITT Nutbiluifiisi Will ho miule in fiitum from thnss ch*r»«», unlt»« tlie at eount exntmla at) DutUii, nml Uiom It will Ut» uceordliiK to tliii ynnrly nm*. All ailvertUmiuenta inurt linva the ucinbar •fiuaartii Mbrked on thmu; otlo r«ali*aihey will bn HiMitPtl till forfxrf. HIIKIllKFA, CI.KRKtt. nod other puhlio ofliccr*, lava U.» oor rent, rieiiiicteii in llioir favor. JUDGE JOHNSON’S REPLY. CiiAtii.saxuN, Sopl. 22,1830. A/y Dear Taylor. Your Imtui dulpil Rico Cruult, Sopl 11, with tlio Columbia Pnat Mark (if (ho 14tli, did not count iu Imud umil ihn 17th liour three tvocks niter tlio data of mine l<i which il is an omwor, At at n tiino when il wan mu of tlio question fur 1110 t» ho ul Columbia to mokit my upooclt. VVlial an ‘opportunity vrti. hors loti I [ cortuioly tliuuld liavo Hil(|re$iud inyaolf to on tiiitli- oiicu, “ mhtm miwls were in a state for thinking," uorl uiiglit hnvo HtijuvoJ a iri- umpli, auch na you und I liavo felt in com mon more than once. Whom tme tlio moil who now claim 10 Im Radicals nnd . exclusive Patriots, whim you and 1 stood ahouldur to tlmuldor in tlio stormy days of Ultra Fedoralitm I und moro recently in that universal homage now rondorodto tlio t limits and worth of our friend Crawford, by inun who rovullod iu tlio most wanton ttkuso of him, whoa you und I stood up fur him nlniost alone 1 I perceive by an editorial rom irk pie- fired to’ the publication of our correspon dence, that titu suggestion is thrown out that my letter was written to yon with vlow to involve you in a controversy. 1 um vitro you cannot enlortuiu such an Idea. Nothing was farther from my mind; hut if you court il, I certainly shall not shun it. Yet it would he whispering to the howling winds to attempt in the news papers the defonce of my Eight Points, until the nlnctiuu is over. Let that he passed, and something of u culm ensue, and I am rend/ to muot yon ; but it’must he in the columns of tho Telescope, for that, and thus only, can the antidnte he administered whore it inuy have something to operate upon. Yon style yourself •• Ono of tho mem bers of the Conspiracy”—hut if all tho Conspirators wore tit candid and disinter ested as you are, (he Republic would have (Milting to fear from thorn ; you have n- peuly and candidly avowed, that if Vir ginia would consent to bo a frontier state, ynn Would go oll’from the Union tlio noxt day. This is at onen appealing tu thn gnetl sdnse und good footings of tho Pon- ple, and iu that iribumi! I repose unlimit ed confidence. It is only when they are haodwinked by demagogues and hypo, critos that thoy can go wrong. As to the part you take iu this ” Con- spliacy,” I solemnly , docluro that if I - could think ns you do upon tho facts, I think I should feel ns yon do upon tlio measures. I wauld’not live undor “a Government of unlimited Powers," and if I suw distinctly that nothing but a revo lutionary muvomont could impose due re strictions, { would cry out for Kovoluiiou. As to ulfordltig tho States some moro sat isfactory security than the intervention of the Supreme Court, it is what 1 have been Urging for years. Rest assured that wo nro far from covstiag jurisdiction, es pecially wheie Stales aro concerned,— Heaven snvo us from encountering tho lr- ritablo feelings of sovereigns I But I Have always been met by the question, YVImt can the Status want more than the Son- nto t Tltoy aro all there equally repre sented, and overy law which passes that body involves a decision mndu by a body sworn to decide impartially, and in which tho smallest Sti.-j lias as much woight as tho greatest. To this I have never boon able to rind but nnu answer, nml that is, that as to ono class ot cases that tribu nal is not accessible. 1 mean cases in which the constitutionality of Slain Laws is brought in question. Theta 1 would curtaiuly amend the Constitution so us tu give an iipponl to tlio Senate , and per haps require tho cnncurronce of two thirds to declare the lew of a Stale unconstitu tional. At present, although wo are ont- plmticully the men 0/ the people, being chaigad exclusively with tho promotion of individual righis against unconstitutional laws, yet indirectly wo are compelled to pnss upon the delicate qnostion of sove reign right, from which may Ilouvou de liver os. You ask mo “ why I did uot come oui svilli my Eight Points at tho lalo eloction for Intciudnnt of our City." I answer, bee iu e I hud as tin to to do with the meet ing at Sriyle’s us you Imd, and if I Imd, no body would have listened tome. Tho majority who voted for Mr. Pringle, are as docidediy Anti-TitrifT ns you aro.—1 did nut vote, and [ doubt if thorn ir a niau in South-Carolina who agrees with me in at loust suvou of my Eight Points.— But this I do not doubt of, iliat tho time is not fur distant when they a ill all agree with mu iu every one of them. You know 1 he course of my public life. 1 liavo moro tliun once before boeu in 11 mi nority, to nil appearances as hopoles as as to leave as little as possible lo lie gain ed by the linux, if it wot one. Thorn is ono thing l mast bog' you particularly to notice. I do not moan to suffor ntysolf tuba drawn into tlio question of Con struction nr CoiNtiluliuiiulity of the Ta riff Act. I sou that in my first Point, 1 have written Consti'ution where I ought to have said Convention t hut tho Con text will currucl the lapsus, ( will treat the subject liislniically, and no olharwiso, muJ then if 1 rind ( Imve even approach- od tlio question of Construction, l will not sit judicially upon a cause arising un der it: As to tho Point which jyiu press with most nurneitiioss, I mean thn Con spiracy, I um tit retidy now to disposo of it as I probably ever shall ho, und have no tibjuciiiin to do so. I Ituvo rib evi- donce but what is hofore tlio Public, and probably never shall liavo, it requires tho Powers of hu Asmoduus in lunsack Ctihltivis, or rnko up tlio ashes of confi dential correspondence, hut if ilium lias not hiiun enough published tu establish tlio fact—a fixed purpuseund zealous co-opo mouther! in at night, I hope, however, lhutJwh(!ii tve elect our Dologotos to the Cfllv'euliun, they will bo first examined by a justice, uud a couple of physicians, according to tlio act of assombly, end ob tain a regular certificate of their lunacy, and also au order from some judge to on- title them tu admission. - This, I think, ought lo he done before we olectthem.— I would roebmmend to tho candidates for tho Convention,"to get their heads shaved now, uud cumntunco u course of regi men and diet, to the end that there cun bit no dispute about their eligibility at the liiuo of election. Pioneers.—At the siege of Algiers the Arabs used u singular species of Pioneers They cullectud several bodies of camels, and formed thorn into long'linos. They 1 belt lied them together, by the nether lip, tn ns to Loop thorn in ranks These companies woro advanced to (lie front of tlio Fiunch hattiillions, and when at n propor distance firn was applied to their mils. Thu whole then rushed forward AUGUSTA. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7. ration among some of our Citizens to get j with S urli impetuosity, that tltoy entirely rid of tho Tariff Act, urge! rid of lllvj uvoi turned tlio lines opposed lo them. Union, Utah I can only say, I differ wide- while the columns of Arabs advancing in ly from every ono iu my inferences. I .... think there is evidence tu show that some go furihur, and inaiiitHiu thut u separation from tlio Union, whethor singly or in Coufudoralinn with ullior Status, is tlio true policy of Soutli-Curolitia: but the Evidence on litis subject, is chiefly befuro the public also, and may safely be left to their consideration without comment. Ii is iff too pmsonal a character to admit of public discussion, oilierwiso (Inn in a Court of Justice, nml there it never can be discussud that I know of: I hope 110 v or will ho, directly nr incidentally. As tu tlio moral imputation of Conspiracy, it duos not nocessarily carry with it re proach.—La Fayette would novur blush to have it known if tlio truth ho so, that tin headed a Conspiracy against Charles X. 'If there uru tiny among us who maintain thin limy aro absolved from tliuir allegiance tn the United States, what of fence can thoy take at lining charged with conspiring against it. If share are any wile charge the Government of the U. Status with oppressive nod iuloieiublo Tyranny, wliat repiuacli is it to them to he charged with Cuuspiring 7 Shall tlioro he 11 Cresar oral no Brutus, no Cassius, no Cuscu found among u«? By such 1 irosuine it would be coveted us lionorn- de. The motive only can characterize the act, and lo those only whose consci ences uiibrnid them with selfish nr dis honorable views can il come tvidi re proach. I do believe iu the existence of what f call conspiracy j hut 1 have im pugned nu man’s motives. I liavo attach ed no reproachful epithet to the term. At to lluiio who press the alternative upon tlie people of either compelling a repeal of tho Tariff or positive resistance, if there aro any such who know or believe that Congress cannot and will not rece de, 1 lotivn ihnni to soldo with their own consciences Imw near this approaches tu a distinct effort to dissolve tlio Union. And now let mo conclude with orto oar- nest request. If this correspondence can- not he carried on without interrupting thut cordial feeling which lias subsisted be tween us from our boyhood. I pray you let it ond hero. Do not entertain the thought that 1 nm shunning the combat: you know mo loo wall to holieve it. On tho contrary, I should unwillingly forego my fooblo efforts lo ruconvorl liie Stale tltruuBh tlio columns of tho Telescope,— Yours. WM. JOHNSON. INTERNAL IMPRO VEMENT. We have been favored by Major Pack •iiporinluudenl of tho Roads and Rivers in the western part of Georgia, with the following particulars respecting tile pro gress of Internal Improvement undvr his direction : Macon Telegraph. “ The Public hands at Columbus com menced work about the middle of Febru ary, on tho rend leading from that plnco te Marshall’s Ferry, on Flint-river, and proceeded about four miles, mnking a complote Turnpiko road. Thoy woro then changed by order of tho commission ers and put to opening a new road frnm Columbus to tlio up country; and tltoy liavo now proceeded as far its Hamilton, iu Harris county, and will in n few weeks pass through the Mountain at King's Qap, six or eight milos above Hamilton, tlioro- by opouing a good road la an oxlcnsive country, where it has herutiifuro bocn al most impassable. At Macon, thoy cotnmoncod about the last of Fobrttury on the road leading to Clintuu, and proceeded with an oxcol- lent Turnpike road a short distance be yond Walnut creok ; when, bv ail order of tho commissioners, they ware placed on tlio river, where tltoy have removed a I;roat many of tho obstructions that wore leretafuro iinpassablo at low water.— Several of the worst shouts on tho river huvuhecnso much improved that a com mon sized Boat can pass, oven at this lew state uf the river. “Thu Flint River bauds commenced work at Uuinbridgn in Decatur county, about the middle of June, on tliu road leading from that place to Hartford, uud have proceeded about Fifty miles on thut rnut, milking a haudsome road." From die York villa Pioneer. Mr, Editor—I liavo III last discovered tlio benefit the State of South-Carolina is to receive from tho proposed Conven tion. The Lunatic Ayslum has licet), for soma time, in a languishing condition, tho present, aye, civil on the election of and a largo incYeaso of patients would bo Jackson to the Presidency. I only assett. a very great help Iu tho Institution. Tito that froodom ot opinion which 1 readily | people at Columbia have that institution concede to all others. ] under their keeping, and this is tlio rca- I agree with you eitiitely that JnJge : son, no doubt, why tltoy are so desirous Lee and myself ought 11.0 to have been iu- uf a Convention, Tlio districts will pay vited, and An the reasons yoo suggest.— the expense of tlio patients, and the town You see that I doubled whether it wa» of Columbia will receive tit ) benefit of not a hoax, aud after the lapse of so much time without an answer frum you, I was nearly confirmed in that doubt. I treated fhe invitation howuvor,respectfully, yotso the expenditure. I atu told they are fit dug up a inrgo room in tlio asylum for the deliberations of the Convention, and in creasing the uumbor of cells to secure tho heir rear, resiled on close after them uud took advantage of the confusion This manoeuvre is tint without example iu undent and modern times. On nue occasion Hannibal extricated himself from a difficult position, hy adopting a plan somewhat simitar. Hu cidloc'od nil the cHtllu in Ids camp, and applied fire, nut tu their tails, hut In their heads ; then tied burning torches to their horns, and in this ivuy soul the wltnlo body furiously on the Reman army, which soon gave ground. But in the year 1793 it was practised in Ireland witlt docidad success, particu larly at the battle of New Russ. A quan tity of cattle was culluctod from the neigh boring fields in n ptass, und brought in n body tu the entinnen of the town, thou occupied hy the King’s forces. When «r- tivod at tlio liti'/d of a steup street called Three Bullet Gale, they were goaded on and ran furiously down, filling up and sweeping every tiling before them with irresistiblo force ; so (hut Gen. Johnson, and about 1500 men, woro completely pushed from their position, and carried across tho bridge into tho county of Kil kunuy, by the fixed Items of those pion eurs, ns uflicncious as if they were fixed bayonets, and tho insurgents, following iu their roar, tool;, fur a lime, almost uu- dislut bed possession of ilia vacuted town INDIANS. The country inhabited by tho Choc taws, und which they are about to suit tn the Uuita'd Stains, is targe and valuable. It commences a little South of the 32d and roaches to tho 35ih degree of north latitude, and extends I’rntn the Mississippi tu tlin Tombigben river. Tho length from. N. YV. to S. E. is upwurds of two .hundred miles, aud the average width scarcely loss than eighty. It contains u- bnut loti milliuiis of acres in tho Slnto ef Mississippi, besides 11 small portion in Ala bama. The Ynzoo river, with its tribu tary streams, are tlio principal water courses. Fur the relinquishment of this laud, tho Choctaws usk u million of dol lars, with a section of land for each man in foe simple, Wost of the Mississippi, the expenses of their, transportation and subsistence for ono year, to ho borne by tlio United States. Tlieso terms, com pared witlt tlte prices usually paid for tho relinquishment of Indian titles, may ap pear extravagant—but a littlo expense should nut bo an obstacle in getting the Indians removed peaceably and amicably, Tho government should troat them not only with justice but liberality. Tlioro uro now nmung the Chorokoes, according to an official consns made six years ago, aud quoted in Mr. Everett’s able and oloquant speech nu the Indian bill, 18 schools, 36 grist mills, 762 looms, 2436 spinning wheels, 172 wagons, 2,928 ploughs, 7,688 horses, 22,531 black cat tle, 46,732 swine, 2,566 sheep, 430 gouts, 62 black-smith’s shops, 9 stores, 2 tun- yards, 1 puwdor mill. Tlioro me also several public roads and turnpikes in the nation. \Vo are informed by a gentleman from tlio Gold Region of Carroll, that the ex-' ptctuiious of the digger* in seme parts are realized and their labors amply com pensated. On three lots, tltoy uverngo from ten to twenty dollars a day to the bund, Oil many others, it amounts from three to six. When tho tubers, of these gold hunters become sufficiently systema tic, and the regions of the mines ascer tained, so that 00 labor is thrown away, we believe it n ill became a lucrative busi ness to the proprietors. The intruders in the Cherokee Nation who were soarcMng for geld liavo all baen driven off, their hnusos aud guods destroyed, nnd Gold taken from them.— There are new six hundrod troops in tlio vicinity who will prevent all dopradatinns. These mines are said to bo richer than any other, und the Gold found in larger pieces. The horse thioves, or Poney Club, in Carroll, lately becamn so bold as to arm themselves with rifles, to rescuo one uf their friends who hud been arrested fur liis misdemeanours, and thrnatenod tho ves uf those conenrued in it. A com pany of militia were called out who pur sued and arrested four of them. [il/acon Messenger. Considerable oxcilomunt exists in Ar- ktttisas in relation tu the boundary line between the United Suites aud Mexico. Bv thn treaty with Spain of Feb. 22d, 1SIf), tlte boundary was ugraod on, but thn line lias uot ye: been run, as wasthere- in determined, by commissioners of tlte two governments. An ex parte survey made hy officers, appointed by tlte Mexi can Government alone, throws an the Mexican side of ;hc line several flourish ing and papulous settlements heretofore suppvsed tu he in Arkausas, BT Our friends have our thanks for their promptness in sendiog us election returns. They will perceive that, among other clever fellows, Mr. Riddctior gets on overwhelming vote. Thomas Carter, a free fellow, pit in jail, a few days sitice, fur intemperance, cat his throat, nnd died of the wounds. In addition te what we have said shout helling on elections, would it nut he Judicious to make votes illegal, and refuse lo count them, where the ticket was not full—in ntlter words, tliot there should be 110 plumping I It is listed diet dining the conflict in Farlii many ladies heated nil, water, Stc. to throw up on the King's troops; nnd this hod so good au effect iu several of tlte streets, (hat tho troops re> fused to enter them. ID” The Auguita Independent Fire Company ot its lost monthly meeting reduced the fee of membership to the uniform equipments. It was originally $20, besides the uniform. Tlte con. siiluiiim restricts (lie number of members lo 100. The i’resldeut has returned to Washington, la goad health. Mrs. Mokhox, the Indy of the Ex.Preildent, died ou the 23d ult. Judge Hay of Virginia, ,Mr. Monroe's son-in-law, died about the some time. Kentucky is te have n Convention on the 9th day uf next December, to nouilnolc a candidate for next President. We heard 0 gentlemen, yesterday morning, loughiagsay, he hod cheated the Bridge out of seeenpence, for he Imd just ridden Ills horse thro’ the river without any difficulty. The Bridge wnuid have rite advantage of him to-day wouid be now milter a heuardous attempt. The river has riseo considerably from the constant raining of (lie last thirty hours. It slillioontiiiues, and promises n wet spell, bearing some propor tion to ihu previous dry period. ICT The able Essays svbieh we sometime ago published Irom the Camden Journal, under the signature of “Jefferson," were written hy Judge IticHAiiDsou, and have been published in pamph let form. A hot has been offered and refused in Colum bia S. Cv that there wen not 100 persons, citi zens of the district, at their great political meet ing when tkeljjjuYitlon was taken, who were in favor of a convention. t'oTTos.—There Is not much doing—but little arriving. Price.from 9 (o 11} cte. The Colum bus Enquirer quotes our market at 10$, while it quotes its own at 11. Is this a mistake? There can be no motive in it. It is ns bad however as we were served by the Macon papers at (tie 0- pon'mg of the market. Some fellow turned off some two or three hags, probably of Ids old crop, on some noxious buyer, pretty early in the sea son. Tho papers noticed it ns a wonder, and added, “wo learn one bole has been received iu* Augusta;’’ when the papers here had announced tin arrival and sato of several loads. Fair play, my good fellows. There will be as much'cotton we can all find money tn buy, the drought notwithstanding. TO TUX KENTUCKIANS. As we had so much rain yesterday it is hardly necessary to say to yuu what we were requested; hut ns we have ourselves such an antipathy to kicking up n dust,” wa cannot let the opportu nity pass. If you scamper your stems at such rale through Broad-street in dry weather in future, this whole city will turn against Clat to a man. Indeed we are instructed to say, that one of (lie Cross streets, much less than halfwny between our Office and Millodgevillt, has not. in consequence, a single Clap man upon It. Vet bum tap. that is, 1st the dust he quiet. We have no doubt (lie Earth is nearly one third lighter than il was last winter, so great a pardon of it has left the surface and gone up wards this summer. Indeed we should not be surprised, some of these days,"to see saitiug through our heavens, a strange planet, thus for med, thouch in a much more quiet manner then astronomers say the moon was, out of its putye- lised surface. Such a luminary might he of great service to its mother Earth, by being in constant opposition to her present attendant want it for another purpose, and have a name and office ready for it as soon as it is dis covered. It shall be called Aridut—shall he a satellite of Mart, uud the ruling planet of the Nullifters. The Intest foreign news is f,om London by the Hudson at Boston—dates one day later, be ing to the 18th Aug. There is no additional news of sptcial importance, unless we should consider as such the increased probability of a general commotion in Europe. Appearances favor such conjecture; but it may only "thunder aud pnss ’er.” Charles the X. was said to l e loitering along towards the place of embarkation, hoping, doubt, for some movement in his favor. Po- lignac is said to have gone on to Russia. Rumors still distract the public ear relative ta insurrec tionary movements in Spain. Tho Royal fanti iy wrote the deposed king ot France just before his fall, that unless ha sent some forces across the Pyrenncs, and detnrhed some of the Algc- i„e army to the Soqth of Spain, they were lost. Many believe a revolution ip Spain inevitable.— It is said, that had Lafayette faultcred in his ap probation of tiic Dukv of Orleans, there would have been a republic proclaimed in Frauce iu twelve hours, and Lafayette made President, to the exclusion of every rivnl. Piedmont nnd the Netherlands are expected to resist their rulers. An Austrian aruiv was marching towards Holy, and if the Austrians ioteifere to put down the Piedmontese, France wt’.l assist tile latter The tame result may be expected, if the Prutvians take part against tlte people of tlte Netherlands. to him by their comradei* Tho following is their reply 1- J’o the Secretary of ll’tir General, wo come in the.nnme of the Polytechnic School to express out gratitude nil the subject of the Crosses of Honor which have been granted to us 1 but tho recoropenio appearing lo me above our services, and moreover, no one of ui deeming himself more worthy than hie comrades to receive It, we beg permission to drcllne accepting them. Thore is a favor, however, tve desire to nik of you. One of our eontrailes, Venneau, perished on the day of tltp 27th. iVo recommend to your kimlnets hie fruiter, who It in the service of the Uovernment in the collection ef the revenue.— We recommend further to your khidnese, Geno- irl, another uf our conmulc*. Charras, dismissed from the Schools by Gen, Bourd, soulle, un ac count of his opinions. IVe ntk that he inny hu restored In nttr ranks, in which he did goud ser vice these few days post. In the name of the Polytechnic School, the two scholars deputed by tlieir cumradcs, J ItUPUBSNE. 7th Aug. 1830. mutt ptsANi. The Cftt’nliuH politicians suy Gov. Ttoup Is with them. We see no evitlcuco of it in his letter. He studiously avoids au/ tecognition of their new doctrines. It is true he is opposed to the Tariff, and it as imprudent in expressing that opposition us the hotheniii over the rivor. We did not expect to hear from an/ Statesman, who regarded hin reputation, that if the protective system wax. not abandoned by Congress, the South must secede from the confederacy. The evils of that system could scarcely be multiplied Into sufficient enormities—nothing short of in* supportable oppression could, in our estimntion, justify surli a course. How iiiucii more credit does the 'following g M |ttimui)t do Mr. Cai.houn : In his opinion tht LIBERTY and Hit UNION oftliit country were in separably; united! As the destruction of the latter Mould most ccrtiduiy in* volve llm former ; so its maintenance will, with iquai certainty, preserve it. He did not spunk lightly. Ho had often and long revolved it in his mind; ami lie hnd critically examined into tho causes that destroyed dm liberty of other states. There arc none that nppiy to *is, ply with a force to ulurm, The bSMts of public is loo broad; end iti structure too strong tc. be shaken by them. Its extension nnd orga nization will be found to afford effectual security Hgair,sttheir operation; bullet it he deeply im* pressed on the heart of this House and country that while they guarded against the old, they ex posed us to a new aud terrible danger, Disunion This single word comprehended almost the sum of our political dangers; and againtl il tct ought to be perpetually guarded/ 1 ■ Many of our political scribblers, not satisfied widi saying such a State ti not for Jackson—u not for Clay, put iu a sweeper and declare it nev er will be. Now, never is a very long time, und those who are so positive iu such matters, have more favorable ideas cl political consistency, than nb can venture to entertain, or the history of the present or past will warrant. Look at S Carolina, for instance, not to take an example nearer home. Site'was not for Jackson at first, nor In fact is she now, if the truth must cemc out. Once her Statesmen were for protecting Domestic Manufactures—now, they would as soon protect the devil—Formerly,Slate-rights was cant phrase iu nearly universal bad odor—‘dt smelt to heaven,.”—it meant Radical, and every, thing else—now, it is the religion of the State, without professing which, there is neither tempo- rnl nor eternal salvation. In short, where stand her politicians 7—In the shoes of their fathers ?— No, they do not know where they stand, have told them, and will tell them again—they stand on slippery places. Whatever may have been our scruples relative to the extension of the State Laws over the In dians, we are obliged to sacrifice them to the ne* cessity of the case. We are sure both parties will bebenefitted by it. Such disorder .Atteuds the present state of affairs in the Chrrokeo Country, that the Indians must themselves prefer any prospect of peace nnd quiet to the tyrranny and oppression to which thoy Are daily subjected by unprincipled white men, whom the peculiarity of the case screens iVom punishment. Nothing has ever occurred in our history, which is so fait da< moralizing our citizens, as the present state of affairs neor our Norlh-Wentsrn frontiers; and are perfectly conviuced thut no remedy exists for the evil, but the prompt energy of the State authority over all persons within her terrl torial limits. State organisation must spread order over her whole domain. The U, States' Troops watch and toil in vain. The only result of their activity is alienation of the affections of those, on whom their duty compels them to act. from the General Government, and there is con* stnnily danger of bloody interference between rival pretentions. The President, we are sore, will be glad to resign the thankless duty he has been endeavoring to perform, into the Imnds of the Slate, which alone can effectually do the bu* siness. She is, besides, the most proper author ity. There is great political propriety in the State's supremacy over all persons within her limits; sud we are sure, that those, who think differently on this subject in relation to the Cherokees, if they knew, ns we do, how matters really stand in that quarter, would join at once with ut in placing the whole subject under the local jurisdiction. A caution to the State in the management of this matter, would be superflu ous She is fully aware of the delicacy of the subject &the prejudicesogainil her. We believe the Legislature will act with a prudence ami for bearance that shall, iu time, convert the opposi tion to our policy, into approbation. We can suggest at present, but one alteration in existing laws, aud that relates to Indian testimony. Let the objections go to the credibility, not the com petency of the wituesa. FOR TUX COURIER. The young men of the Polytechnique Shook in Paris, so distinguished themselves during the days of emancipation, that Jibe piesent King of fered the decorations of the Legion of Honor to twelve of the most distinguished, to b# returned Jlfr. Editor—The Governor of Georgia has is sued a Proclamation under date of Sept. dOth, 1830, requiring “ the msmbersof each Hour.e of the General Assembly of ibis Slate to convene at the State-House in Milkdgevillo on ATonday, the eighteenth day of October next," (now Inst.) Izc. The rate of the Proclamation, and its being addressed to “tho members (official persons in preseuti)of each House of the General Assem* bly,” raises some nice, and inttrcstii.g ques tions : 1st. Who were ' members” of the Legislature on ldtb Sept. lSSu: 2d. From wbat day doc* the official year of a Representative's service begin to runt Is it from the 1st Monday iu October, tht legal day of the election? er from the 1st Monday in November, the legal day oforgauixing the Legislature? If from tht latter date, it is clear, that those persons fleeted on the 1st of October 1829, to scats iu At Legislature of that year, trill continuemm« beri of the Legislature, until the day before the lit Mondiy in Novcmbor 1880; when a new Legislature Is organized by the qualification of the persons elected on the 1st Monday In Octo ber 1630. Wesny the day before the 1st Monday In November, because by the legal compulation of time, amt hy the legal rejection of the fraction of a day, if the official terra of one Legislature expire then, and a new Legislature be organized on tlio next day, the State will have, at all times, an organized and legally existing Legislative Council. This would not'be the caio, If the offi cial year be considered as beginning on the 1st Monday In October; for there would, In every year, be one month, during which there would bo no actual Legislature, In as much as the per sons elected to compose it, are not considered as constituting the Legislature, until they have been qualified, organised, and embodied. This view of the question is supported hy several obvious analogies. dth. Were tho persons who were candidates fur office on th» 20th Sept. 1830, members at that time of cither House of tho General Assembly? If thoy were not, is the Proclamation addressed to them? 5th. When will persons elected to the Legis lature on tlte 4th Inst, became members in fact of tlio General Assembly? <3th. If (be nfficial year of a Representative's service begin on the 1st Monday in November of each year, ought not those persons who com posed the Leglslatute, which sat in 192P, td as- snubU on the lSth lust, and continue in session, if need be, until tho dny before the 1st Monday iu November next? th. If tlte official year expire at the time we suppose it does, can the persons elected to {fro Legislature on the 4th inst. rightftjlly assemble and organize themselves into a Legislature ou the ltith in at 7 If they do. it will present tn our mind, the ano- malous case uf the coexistence in t)ie State, du ring tYvo weeks, of two distinct and independent Legislatures. LST US rtlT A CASE. Suppose the Governor had, on August lfitb, proclaimed thut “the members of each House of the General Assembly” shall couyeim on tho 525th Sept. 18:307 Who would have convened? Suppose they could not complete tliu public business before the 10th, 15th, or 20th inst. Now. 1st. Would the mere election on the 4tb inst. of au entire new set of persons to compose the Legislature, ipso facto, have deter mined the - legal existence of the Legislature, which Imd hy supposition, convened on the 25th ult? If so, would not thu State be without any actual Legis lature for some time? 2d. Would not this temporary suspension of the existence vf a department of the Government be au auonialy? 3d. Could Its occurrence be pos.ibl, avoided, ,unl«»» the 1st Mutul.y in November be determin ed to bo the dny, from which,'til. offkl.l y enr 0 f m. Legislature's existence becomes current! The well.ivritt.il hrllcle of “Cobh," iu the Jouro.l, is not entirely sellsfactory. Nor indeed, is the quoted precedent conclusive. There is no evidence thru a question was mud. of the Con stitutional propriety of the Legislature’s assem bling under th. proclamation of 1814. If thu positions of "Gobi," be maintained, . cos. annually occurs, iu which, “the Legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, return to the peoplo it l.r,e for their exercise." If the opposite position, be maintained upon th. strength of close analogies, (he coutexture of tlte Government is made firm, and strong. The Bctlou of its parts will preserve those harmonies which are no less beautiful inPolities then agree- able iu Art. PUBLIUS. FOB TUB GEORGIA COURIER. Ms. Editor:—As there \. been someolncu. rlty, and various opinions in this community, in regard to the origin and part taken by Mr. YV B. Davis, for the purpose of ot,mining further relief and protection from tb. Slate, for on, .' - on account of the fires in 1*29, you will d. nn •ct or justice to that gentlemen, end oblige the public hy publishing the following correspon dance (COPY,) August,,, Hh Oct. 1829. Sms—The result of the Stute Election nn Monday last, lies plecad me in n situation, in which it becomes my public duty to act for the interest nnd future safely of Augusta: availing myself of all honorable measures, based upon the principles of equalizing justice. The late conflagrations, and particularly the on. so distressing, on the 3rd of April Inst, (-Inch laid in ashes one third of our city,) must be too deeply impressed upon the mind and sym pathy of vour Excellency to require comment. When Savannah teas visited with a tike ca- Iniuity, (in 18211,) the Executive and Legislative Departments, together with nn almost unoni. mous approbation of the people, aanctioned the donation of ten thousand dollars‘'’from the pub. lie funds, to the unfortunate fellow-citisens of our sister city.—It was deemed just and liberal —Augusta rejoiced that her portion in the ten thousand dollars had bean thus opportunely dis- posed of. The tone of public sentiment, at that time, iz still fresh upon ray mind—to wit:—“Alleviate ♦lie distress of Savannah, for we know not how soon a similar disaster may befall Augusta.” In calling the attention of your Excellency to this subject, it is my object to suggest for con sideration, a course by which our city may ha placed upon un equal fouling with Savannah; and one, which, by your assent and coopera tion, umy lead to the most judicious attainment of the object 1 feel it my duty to use my rao»: delicate endeavors to obtain. If your Excellency can deem it sufficiently founded in equalizing justice, to call the atten tion of the LegUlature to a consideration of the subject, in your enwing annual message at the opening of tiic Session, it will lead the way for me to tnot-e with a better hope of success, for a committee of reference, who may thus be ena bled to bring it fairly aud honorably up for the general ceusideration of the tw o Houses, by re porting a Resolution authorizing the Governor to draw upon the contingent fund, iu favor ef the City Council of Augusta, as a donation, in Cbn} sequence of her depression and distress, by fires and conflagratious. t do myself the honor to mak« the above sup.