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GEORGIA COURIER— Extra.
The Congress of the United States as
sembled on the 3rd ins'. 165 Representa
tives and 32 Senators answered to their
names. I.u the absence of the Vice Pre
sident, the Senate chose the Hoa. Hugh
L, White, 0/ Tennessee, President, pro
tern. Mi. Poindoxter being informed that
he would be voted for declined the hon
or. Mr. Tyler, Mr. Foot, and General
Smith wero voted for, which produced
five ballotings. On the 4th, the President
being informed that the two Mouses were
organized, and ready to receive any com
munication he had to make, delivered the
followidg message.
MESSAGE
Os the Presidet. l of the United States to
the Senate and House of Representa
tives, at the opening of the Second
Session of the Twenty-second Cou
gress.
£tlloic-CHi*ens of the Senate,
and House of Representatives .
tt gives me pleasure to congratulate
yon upon your return to the Seat of Gov
ernment, for the purpose of discharging
your duties to the People of the United
States. Although the pestilence which
had traversed the Old World has entered
our limits and extended its ravages over
much of our land, it has pleased Almigh
ty" God to mitigate its severity, and lessen
the number of its victims, compared with
those who have fallen in most other coun
tries over wh oil it has spread its terrors.
Notwithstanding this visitation, our coun-;
try presents, on eveiy sjde, matks of
prosperity and happiness, unequalled,
perhaps, in any othei portion <>f the world
If wo ful y appreciate our comparative
condition, existing cause of discontent will
appear unworthy of attention, and with
hearts of ih tnkfuloess to thm Divine Be
iug who has fitted our cup of prosperity,
we shall feel our resolution strengthened
to preserve and hand down to posteiity
that. L : l>eriy ami that 0 uion which we
have received from our Fathers, and
which cons itutes the sources and the
shield of all our blessings.
The relations of mi conntr.v ’continue
to piesent the saiim picture of amicable
intercourse that l bird the satisfaction to
hold up to yo'"r vie.v at the opening of
your I Ist 'Session. The same friendly re
litions, the same desire to participate in
t»u» flourish hg cooimerce, the same dis
position tp refrain from iitj i 'es uuiuteo
tionally offered, are, with few exceptions,
evinced bv al{ nations with whom we have
any iutorcourse. This desirable smte of
things mtv be mainly ascribed to our uu
devialing practice of the rule which has
tong guided our national policy, to re
quite no t;Xclu>ive privileges in commerce,
arfd to grant none It is daily producing
its beneficial effect, in the respect shown
to mir flag, the protection-of our citizens
and their priipeny abroad, and in the in
crease of our navigation', and the. exten
sion of our mercantile operations. The
1 Grants which have bueu made our since
we Lst met, *iH show an increase, during
the lasi preceding year, of more than
80,000 tons m our shipping* and of near
"4".>rty trillions of ffoMuis in the aggregate
ciT pur imports and exports.
Nor have we less reason to felicita'e
oorseive* bn the position of our political
j,linn our commercial concerns. They »e*
main in the s ate ru which they were when
| Ust adJ.ess' and you —a sta!° <f prosperi
ty and peace, the effect of a wise atten
tion to the parting advice of the revered
Father of his country, on this subject,
condet<sod into a maxim for the use of
posterity by one of his most distinguished
successors', ro cultivate free commerce
and honest friendship with ail nations, but
to make entangling alliances with noue.—
A strict adherence to this policy has kept
u$ aloof from the perplexing questions that
now agitate the Etirbpeau world, and
have more than «>nce deluged those coun
tries with blood. Should those scenes un
fortunately recur, the parties o the con
test tuay count a faithful performance' of
the duties incumbent on us as a neutral
nation, and mir own citizens may eqoatly
rely on the firm assertion of their neutral
rights.
With the nation that was our earliest
frjend and ally in ihe iufancy of our po
litical existence, the most friendly rela
tions have subsisted through the late rev
olutions of its Government, and, from, the
events ftf the last, promise a permanent
i It J;*** made an approximation
4uiation. ‘ institutions to our
“»»“«f >: s , hr „„ e
, «*«, and ra lS ed a «■*.. ,
Who. preserves, it is saicl f a lt» y /
leetion of the period during whloJ »e ac
quired among our citizens the high pon
sideratVhn that could then haye been pro
- duped bv his personal Qualifications alone.
commerce with that nation is grad
ually assuming a mutually beneficial char
acter, and the adjustment of the claims of
our citizens has removed the only obsta
cle there was, to an intercourse not only
lucrative, bui productive of literary and
scientific improvement.
From Great Britain, I have the satis
faction to inform you that I continue to
"receive assurances of the most amicable
disposition, which Have, on ; my part, on
all proper occasions been promptly aQ d
sincerely reciprocated. The attention of
that government has lately been s« much
engrossed by mattars of a deeply interest
ing domestic character, that we could not
■press upon it the renewal of negotiations
which had been unfortunately broken oft
by the unexpected recal of our Minister,
*»tio had commenced them with some
of sdecus. My great object was
AUGUSTA, M -NPAY EVENING, DECK UREK 10, 1832.
tfie settlement of questions which, though
now dopant, might hereafter be revived
under circumstances that would endanger
the good undmstanding which it is the in
terest of both parties to preserve inviolate,
cemeuted as it is, by a community lan
guage, manners, and social habits, and by
the high obligations we owe to our Brit
ish ancestors for many of our most valua
ble .institutions, am 1 for that system of
Representative Governmen which has
enabled us to preserve and improve ‘Them.
The question of our North Eastern
Boundary still remains unsettled In my
last annual message, I explained to you
the situation tn which I found that busi
ness on my coming into office, and the
measures I thougni it my duty to pursue
for asserting the rights of the United
States before the Sovereign who had been
chosen by my predecessor to determine
the question.; and, also, the manner in
which he has disposed of It. A special
message to the Senate iu their Executive
capacity, afterwards brought before them
t!ie question, whether they would advise
a submission to the opinion of the Sov
reign arbiter. That body having consid
ered the award as nut obligatory, and ad
vised me to open a further negotiation,
the proposition, was immediately made to
lite British Governmen' : but the circum
stances to which I have alluded, have
hithetto pi evented any answer being giv
en to the overture. Early attention, how
ever, has been promised to the subject,
and every effort, on my pari, will be made
for a satisfactory settlement of this ques
tion, in erestirg to the Union generally,
and particularly so to one of its members.
The claims of our citizens on Spain are
not yet acknowledged. On a closer inves
tigation of them than hpprears to have
heretofore taken place, it was discovered
that of these demands,however strong they
night be upon the equity of that govern
ment, were not such as could be made the
subject of national interference. And,
fa thful to the principle of asking nothing
but.what was clearly right, additional in
sluctioiis have been sent to modify our
demands so as to embrace those only on
which, according to the laws of na'ions,
we had a s»iict right to insist. An inevi
table delay in procuring tlte documents
necessary f r this review of the merits of
these claims, retarded this operation* until
in unfortunate malady which has affl c
ted his Catholic Majesty, prevented an
examination of them. Being now lor the
first time preseuted in an unexceptionable
form, it is confidently hoped tho applica
tion will be successful.
I have the satisfaction to inform you
that the application I directed to be made
lor the delivery of a part of the archives
of Florida, which had been carried to the
Ha Vi na, has produced a royal older for.
their delivery', and that measures have
been taken to procure its execution.
By the Repot t of the Secretary of
State communicated to you on the 25th
Jobe last, you Were informed of the con
diliobil reduction obtained by thC Minis
ter of the United Stales at Madrid, of the
duties on tonnage levied on American
shipping in the ports of Spain. The con
dition of that reduction having been com
plied with on our part, by the act passed
the 13th of Jii\y last, 1 have the satisfac
tion to inform you that our ships now pay
no higher nor other duties iu the conti
nental ports of Spain than are levied on
their national yessels.
The demands against Portugal for ille
gal captures iu the blockade of Tercetra,
liave been allowed to the full amount of
the accounts presented by the claimants,
and payment was promised to he made in
three instalments. The firs' of these has
been paid; the second, although due, had
n it, at the date of our last advices, been
received, owing, it was alleged, to embar
rassments in the finances, bonsequeni on
the civil war in which that nation is en
gaged.,
The payments stipulated by the Con
vention with Denmark have boen punc
tually made, and the amount is ready for
distribution among the claimants, as soon
as the Board now sitting shall have per'
formed their functions
I regret that by the last advices from
our Charge d’Affaires at Naples, that
Government had still delayed the satisfac •
tion due to our citizens; but, at that date,
the effect of the last instructions was not
known. Despatches from thence are
hourly expeced, .and the result will be
communicated to you without delay.
With the rest of Europe, our relations, politi
cal anil commercial, remain unchanged. Ne
gotiations are going on, to put on a permanent
basis the libtral system of commerce now carri
ed on between us and tbe Empire, of
The treaty concluded with Austria is executed
by His Imperial Majesty) with the most perfect
-ood faith; and, as we have no diplomatic a
geot tt his court, he personally inquired into,
lad corrected, a proceeding of some of his sub
, -rn officers, to the injury of our Consul' iff
“"ouitren VW > the Sublime Porte is produ
markets are opening for our commodities, and a
more extensive range for the employment of our
ships. A slight augmentation of the duties oh
our commerce, inconsistent with the spirit of the
treaty, had been imposed; but. on the represen
tation of ouir Charge d’ Affaires, it has been,
promptly withdrawn, and we new enjoy the
trade and navigation of the Black Sea, and of
all the ports .belonging to the Turkish Empire
snd Asia, on the most perfect equality with all
foreign nations.
I wish, earnestly, that in announcing to you
the continuance of friendship, and tire increase
of a profitable commercial intercourse with Mex
ico, with Central America, and the States of the
South I could accompany it with the assurance
('•at they are all blessed with that internal tran
quility and foreign peace which their heroic de
votion to the cause of their independence merits.
Iu Mexico, a sanguinary struggle is now carried
on. which has caused some embarrassment to
our commerce; but both parties profess the
most friendly disposition toward* os. To tbe
termination of this contest, we look for the es
tablishment of that secure intercourse, so ne
cessary. to nations whose territories are contigu
ous. How important it will be to us, we may
calculate from the fact, that, even in this unfa
vorable state of things, our maritime commerce
has increased, and an internal trade by cara
vans, from St. Louis to Santa Fe, under the pro
tection of escorts furnished by the Government,
is carried on to great advantage, and is daily in
creasing. The agents provided for, by the
treaty with this Power, to designate the.bounda
ries which it established, haye been gained on
our part, but one bf the evila,of the, civil war now
raging there has been, that the appointment of
those with whom they were to co-operale has
not yet been announced to us.
The Government of Central America has ex
pelled from its Territory the party whicheome
time since disturbed its peace. Desirous of fos
tering a favorable disposition towards ns, which
has on more than one occasion been evinced by
this interesting country, I made a second at
tempt, iu this year, to establish a diplomatic in
tercourse with them; hut the death of the dis
tinguished citizen whom I had appointed for
that purpose, has retarded the execution of
measures from which I hoped much advantage
to our commerce The unibn of the three
States which formed the Republic of Colombia
has been dissolved; but they all, it is believed,
consider themselves as separately bound by the
Treary which was made in their federal capaci
ty. The Minister accredited to the Federation
continues in that character near the Govern
ment of New Grenada 3 and hopes were, enter
tained, that anew Union would be formed be
tween the separate States, at least, for the pur
pose jof foreign intercourse. Our Minister has
been instructed to usa his. good offices, whenever
they shall be desired, to produce the re-union so
much to be wished, for the domestic tranquility
of the parties, apd the security and facility of
foreign commerce.
Some agitations, naturally attendant on an
infant reign, hare prevailed in the empire of
Brazil, which have had the usual effect upon
commercial operations; and while they suspen
ded the consideration of claims created on simi
lar occasions, they have given rise to new com
plaints on the part of qUr citizens. proper
consideration, for calamities aod difficulties of
this nature has made us less urgent and peremp
tory in our demands for justice than duty to our
fellow citizens would, undey other circumstan
ces, have required. But their claims are not
neglected, and will on all proper occasions be
urged, and, it is hoped, with effect.
*1 refraiu from makiug aay communication on
the subject of our affairs with Buenos Ayres,
because the negotiation communicated to you in
my last annual message, was, tit the date of our
last advices, still pending, and in a state that
would reader a publication of the details inex
pedient. . . ..
A Treaty of Amity and Commerce has been
formed with the Republic of Chili, which, if ap
proved by the Senate, will he laid before you.
l hkt Government seems to tie established, and
at | eace with ita neighbors ; and its ports being
the resorts of our ships which are employed in
the highly important trade of the. fisheries, this
commercial convention cannot but tie of great
advantage to our fellow citisens engaged in that
perilous but profitable busiuess.
Our commerce with the neighboring State of
Peru, owing to the o.ierous duties levied on our
principal articles of export, has been on the de
cline, and all endeavors to procure an altera
tion have hitherto proved fiuitless. With Bo
livia, we haveyetno diplomatic intercourse, and
the continued contests carried on between it
and i eru have made me defer, until a more fa
vorable period, the appointment of any agent
f«r that purpose-
An act of atrocious piracy having been com
mitted on one of our trading ships by the inhabi
tants of a settlement on the west coast of Suma
tra, a frigate wqs despatched with orders to de
mand satisfaction,tor the injury if those who
committed it hould be found .members of a re
gular government, capable of maiatairtipg .'tbe
usual relations with Foreign nations ; but Ur, as
it was supposed, and as they proved to be, they
were a band of lawless pirates, to inflict such a
chastisement as would deter them and others
from like aggression*. This last was done, and
the effect has been an increased respect for our
flag in those distant seas, and additional secu
rity for our commerce.
In the view I haye given of our connection
with Foreign Powers, allusions have been made
to their domestic disturbances or foreign wars,
to their revolutions or dissensions, It may be
proper to observe, that this is done solely in
cases where those events affect our pojitical re
lations with them, or to show ihejir operation ou
our commerce. Farther than this, it is neither
our policy cor out right to interfere. Our best
wishes on all occasions, our good offices when
required, will be afforded, to promote the domes
tic tranquillity and foreign peace of all nations
with whom we have, any intercourse. Any in
tet vention in theiir affairs further than this,
even by the expression of an official opinion, is
contrary to our principles of international poli
cy, and wjli alWays.be avoided.
The report which the Secretary of the Trea
sury will, in due time, lay before you, will exhib
it the national finances in a highly prosperous
state. Owing to the continued success of our
commercial enterprise, which has enabled the
merchants to fulfil their engagements with the
government, the receipt! from customs -during
the year, will exceed the estimate . presented at
the last session; and with the other, means of
the Treasury will prove fully adequate not only
to riiieet the increased expenditures .resulting
from the large appropriations made by Con
gress, out to provide f«r the payment of all the
public debt which is at present redeemable. It
is now estimated that the customs will yield to
the Treasury,, during the present year, upwards
of twenty-eight millions of dollars. The public
lands,' however, have proved less productive
than was anticipated: and according Jo present
information, will not much exceed, twp millions,.
The expenditures for all objects other than the
public debt, are estimated to amount during the
year to about sixteen millions and a half, while
a still larger sum, viz: eighteen millions of dol
lars, will have been applied to the principal and
interest of the public debt.
It is expected, however, that in consequeocje
of the reduced rates of duty which will take ef
fect after the 3d pf March next, there will be a
considerable falling off in the revenue from cus
toms in the year 1833. It will, nevertheless, be
amply sufficient to provide for all the wants of
the public service, estimated ereh upon a liberal
scale, and for the redemption and.purchase of
the rettiaindf rof the public debt. On the first
of January next, the entire public debt of the
United States, funded and uufunded, will be re
duced to within a fraction of sevea millions of
dollars; of which $2,227,363 are not of right
redeemable until the Ist of January, 1834, aud
4,735,296 dollars, not until the 2d of January,
1836 The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund,
however, being invested with full authority to
purchase the debt at the market price, and the
means of the Treasury being ample, it may be
hoped that the whole will be extinguished with
in the year 1833.
I cannot Uio cordially congratulate
Congress and my fellow citizens on the
near approach of that memorable aud
happy event, the extinction of the public
debt of this great aad free nation. Faith
f°l *0 iht anu patriotic poitcy tnar^-
•and out by ths legislation of the counry
for this object, the present Administra
tion has devoted to it all ih» means
which a flourishing commerce has sop
plied, and a prudent economy presetV
ed fox the public Treasury. Within the
font; years for ( which ibe people have
confided the Executive power to my
chqrge, fifty-eight millions of dollars will
have been applied to'ihe payment:,of the
public debt. That ttys has been accom
plished without stinting the expenditures
for all other proper objects, will be ,s«eo
by refering to the liberal provision made
during the same period fur tbe support
and iocrease. of pur maritime aod milita
ry defence*, for internal improvements of
a uationai character, for the removal and
preservation of lite Indians, and, lastly
for the gallant veterans of the Revolu
tion.
The final removal of this great bur
then from our resources affords the
means of further provision for all the ob
jects of general welfare aud public de
•feocp which the constitution authorizes
and presents , the occasion for such fur
ther reduction in the revenue as may
not be repaired for them. From the re
port of the Secretary of the Treasury, it
will he seen (hat after the present year
such a reduction tnay be made to a con
siderable extent aud the subject as ear
nestly recommended to the consideration
of Congress, in the hone that the conn*,
bined wjsdom of the Representatives of
the people will devise such means of ef
fecting that salutary object, as may re
move those burtheus which shall be found
to fall unequally upon any, add as may
promote all the great interests of tfie
community.
Long & patient reflection has strength
ened the opiniuns i have heretofoie ex
pressed to Congross on this subject ; and
I deem it my duty, on the preseut occa
sion, again to urge them upon the atten
tion of the Legislature. .The soundest
maxims of public policy and thp princi
ples upon which obr republican institu
tions are founded’, teebmmend a proper
adaptation of the revenue to the expend
diture, and they also require that the ex
penditure shall be limited to what, by an
economical administration, shall be con
sistent uith the simplicity of the Govern
ment, and necessary to an efficient public
service. In effecting this adjustment, if
is due, injustice to the interests of the
different Spates, and even to the preserva
tion of the Union itself, that the protection
afforded by existing laws to any branches
of the uationai industry should out exceed
what may be necessary to counteract the
regulatious of foreign nations, aod to se
cure a supply of those articles of manufac
ture, essential to the national indepen
dence and safely in time of war. If, upon
investigation, it shall be found, as it is be«-
lieved it will be,that the legislative protec
tion granted to any particular interest is
greater than is indispensably requisite for
these objects, I recommend that it be
gradually diminished, and that as far as
may be consistent with these objects, the
wfiole scheme of duties be reduced to the
revenue standard as soon as a just regard
to the faith of tire Government and hj
the preservation of the large capital jtfK
vested in establishments of domestic iu*'
dustry will permit.
That manufactures adequate to the
supply of our domestic consumption
woulcUlP Ithe abstract, be beneficial to
our country, there is no reason to doubt
and to effect their establishment, ther£ is,
perhaps, no American citizen who would
not, for a while, be willing to pay a
higher price for them. But, for tbig
purpose, it is presumed that a tariff of
high duties, designed for perpetual pro
tection, has eutered into the minds of but
few of our statesmen. The most they
have anticipated, as a temporary and geq
erally incidental protection, which they
maintain has the effect to reduce lh&
price, by domestic competition, below
that of the foreign article. Experience
however, our best guide on this as on
other subjects, makes it doubtful whether
the advantages of this system are n<£t
counterbalanced by many evils,and wheth
er it does not tend to beget, in the minds
of a large portion of our countrymen, u
spirit of discontent and jealousy danger
ous to the stability of the ,U,nion.
What then shall be done? Large inter
ests have grown up under the implied
pledge of our National Legislatiori,whicri
it would seem a violation of public faith
suddenly to abandon. Nothing to jus
tify it but the public safety, which is
the supreme law. But those who have
vested their capital in manufacturing ee*
tablishments, cannot eipect that the
pie wilf continue permanently to’ pay high
taxes for their benefit* when the money
is not retired for any legitimate purpose
in the administration of the Government.
Is it not enough that the high duties have
been paid as long as the. money arising
from them could be applied to the com
mon benefit in the extinguishment of the
public debt.
Those who take an enlarged view of
the condition of our country, must be sat
isfied that the policy of protection must
be ultimately limited to those articles of
domestic manufacture which are indispen
sable to our safety iii time of war. With*
in this scope, on a reasonable scale,, it. is
recommended, bv every consideration
of patriotism and duty, which will doubt
less always secure to it a liberal and e&>
cient support. But beyond this object,
we have already seen the operation of
the system productive of discontent. In
some sections of the republic Us influence
is deprecated as tending to concentrate
wealth into a few handstand- as creating,
5