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those germs of dependence aftdy ic® which
in olher WHitriCS liaue cJ»arat«tQri*eci tji&
%ii4tenCe ofJmoiloi»Mli»s, arid proved so
des'ructive of liberty and the general
good. A large portion of tire
in one section of the republic declares,
it not only .inexpedient on these grounds
but as disturbing the equal relations ot
property by ie grslatioo* and therefore
unconstitutional and unjust.
DwnWless, these offsets are, in a great,
degtee, exaggerated, and may- be ascrib"
ed tea mistaken view of the considera
tions which led to the adoption of the tar
iff system; but they are nevertheless im-.
portaut in enabling us to review the sub
ject with a mere ihorongh knowledge of
ail its bearings upon the great interests of
the republic, arid with a determination
to disposfe of it so that none can with jus-
tice corirplain. *■' v v '
It is my painful duty to state, that in
one quarter of the United States, opposi
tion to the revenue laws has risen to a
height Which threatens toihwart their ex
ecutiotf, if riot to endanger the-integrity
of the Union. - Whatever obstructions
may be thrown in the way of ihe Judicial
Authorities of the Generel Government,
it is hoped they will be able peaceably to
overcome them by the prudence of their
own officers and the patriotism of the peo
ple. 'But should this reasonable reliance j
on the'moderation and good sense of all
portions of otlr fellow-citizens be disap
pointed, it Is believed that the laws thehi
selves'afre fully adequate to the suppression
of such attempts as may be immediately
made.” Should the exigency arise, ren
dering the execution tof the existing laws
impracticable firom any • cause whatever,,
prompt notice of it*wiU be given-to con-
with the suggestions of such views
and measures as may be deemed necessa
ry to meet it. -■■ ■ *
■ in conformity with tbeprinciples heretq..
fore Explained,and with the hope of redu
cing ihe Gen. Government t to that simple
Which the created,
andof withdrawing from the States ah oth-
er influence than that of its universal ben
eficence in preserving peace, affording an
uniform currency, maintaining the invio
lability of contracts, diffusing intelligence
and discharging unfelt its other superin
tending functions,recommend that provi
siori'be made to dispose of all stocks now
jjeld by it in cotj(>orations,whe4bffr created
by the general or state Governments, and
placing the proceeds in the Treasuiy. As
a source of profit, those stocks are of lit
tie or no value: as A means-of influence
among the'States, they are adverse to the
puTiry nf ourni-ONtiliJtions. The whole
principle upon which 'ltey are based, is
Seethed by many unconstitutional, and to
persist in the policy which they indicate
is considered wholly inexpedient.
If is my duty to acquaint you with the
arrangement made by the Bank of the
United Sfares- with a portion of the hol
ders of the 3 percent, stock, by which the
Government will be deprived of tho use
of Hie public'funds longer thaw was an*
ticipafed. 'By this arrangement* which
will-be particularly explained by the So
' cretary of the Treasury, a surrender of
the Certificates of this stock rimy bo post
poned until October, 1633; and thus the
liability of the Government, after-its abil
ity t* discharge the debi, may be conti»«
tied by 'he failure of the .Bank to perform
its duties.
Such measures as are within the reach
of the Secretary of the Treasury have
beeu taken to «nable hint to judge whether
the public deposiies in that institution may
be regarded as entirely safe ; but as his
limited power may prove inadequate in
this object*' I recommend the subject to
the attention of Congress, under J,he firm
-belief that it is worthy of theiF*serious
investigation. An inquiry into the trans
actions of the institution, embracing the
branches as well as the principal Bank,
seems cailed for by the credit which is
given thro.ughout the country t/> many
jlnhi charges impeaching its character,
arid which, if'tibe, may justly excite the
apirieheHsion >hat it is no longer a safe
tf'dposiidry of the money of the people.
"Among: (he interest^'Which rrterit the
consideration dfCongvess, after the pay
merit of the public-debt, one of the most
important, in my view, is that ofthe pub
lic lands Previous to the-’ formation of
pur present constitution, it was recom
mended by Congress, that a portion of
the waste lands owned by the States
should be ceded to the United States, for
the purposes of general harmony, and as
a 1 fluid to meef the expenses of the war.
The recommctndation was adopted, and
at .different periods of time, the States of
Massachusetts, New York, Virginia*
North and South Carolina, and Georgia,
granted their vacant soil for the uses for
which they had been asked. As the
lands may now be considered as reliev
e 4 From this pledge, the object for which
they were ceded 'having been accom
plished, it is in the discretion of Congress
to dispose of them in such a way as-best
to conduce to the quiet,' harmony, and
general interest of the American people.
In examining this question, all local and
sectional feeliugs should be discarded,
and the whole United States regarded as
pn<s people, interested alike in the pros
perity oftheir common country.
It ca tmint be doubted that the speedy
Settlement of these lands constitutes the
tt#ie interests of the Republic. The
wealth and strength of a country are its
population, and the best part oftbat po
pulation are the cultivators of the soil -
independent farmers are every where
the basis of society, and true friends of
liberty.
In addition* to these considerations,
questions have already arisen, and may
be exnectiM'hereafter to grow out of the
public foods, which involve the rights of
the new States, and the powers of the
General Government; and unless a liber
al policy be now adopted, there is dan
ger that these questions may speedily
assume an importance not now general
ly anticipated The influence of a great
fiectionhrimerest, When brought Into full
action, tvill be found more dangerous to
the harmony and union of the States
than apy other cause of discontent; and
it is the part of wisdom and sound policy
tp foresee its -approaches, and endeavor
tfppwubfa, toxoonteract them.
various schetn&i which have"
been hitherto proposed (p regard to the
'dispodif of the. public lands, none has
yet received the entire approbation of the
National Legislature. Deeply, impress
ed with the importance of a speedy-anti
satisfactory arrangement of the subject.
I deem it iny duty on this occasion, to
urge it upon your consideration, and, to
the propositions; which have been here
tofore suggested by others, to contribute
those reflections which have occurred to
Wie| tn the hope that they may assist you
in your future deliberations.
It seems to me to be our /true policy,
that the public lands shall cease as soon
as practicable, to be a source of revenue;
and that they be sold to. settlers in limit
ed parcels, at a price barely sufficient to
reimburse to the United States, the ex
pense of the present system, andthe cost
arising under our Indian compact. The
advantages of accurate surveys, and Un-!
doubted titles, now secured to'purcha
sers, seem to forbid the abolition of the
present system, because nbne .can be sub- -
stituted, which will more perfectly ac
complish these important ends. It is
desirable, however, that in convenient,
time, this-machinery be withdrawn from
the States, and that the right, of soil, and
'thefuture disposition of it,’be surrender
ed to the States respectively, in which
it fies. • ’
The adveqturous,and hardy population
of the Wesf, besides contributing their
equal share .oftaxation, under our impost
system, have, in the progress of our Go
vernment for the land they occupy, paid
into the Treasury a-large proportion of
forty millions of dollurs, and of the 1 reve
nue received therefrom, but n small part
has been expended amoAgst them.-
When, t to the disadvantage of their situ
ation jn. ibis respect, we add the consid
eration, that it is their labor alope which
gives.real, vajue to tli'e lands, and that
the proceeds arising from, their sale, are
distributed chiefly among States which
had not originally any claim to them, &
which have enjoyed the undivided e
moluments, arising from the Sale of their
owtt lands, it cannot be expected that
the n6tV Slates wifi reinain Id iger con
tented with the present policy, after the
payhient of the public debt. To avert
the corijspquenqes, which may be appre
hended from this cause, to put an end
forever, to.all partial and interested legis
lation on the subject, and to afford to ev
ery American citizen of enterprise, the
opportunity of securing an independent
freehold, it sfeeins to me, therefore, best
to abandon the idea of raising a future
revenue out of the public larids.
Inforrrier messages I Kaye expressed
my conviction, that the constitution does
not warrant the application of the funds
of tho Geperal Government to objects of
Internal Improvement, which are not
national in their character, arid both as a
means of doing justice to all interests, &
putting an-end to a course of legislation
calculated to destroy the purity of the
Government, have urged the necessity
of reducing the vVhoje subject to some
fixed and certain yule, As there never
willoccpr a period perhaps, .more pro
pitipus than the present, to the accom
plishment of this object, I beg leave to
press .the subject, again, upon your at
tention. '
- Without Borne general and well de
r fined principles ascertaining those Ob
jects Os internal improvement to which
the meads of the nation may be con
stitutionally applied, it is obvious that
the exercise of the power can never be
satisfactory. Besides the danger to
which it exposes Cohgre9ts of making
hasty appropriations to works, of the
character of which they may be fre
quently ignorant, it promotes a mischie
vous Sc corrupting influence Upon elec
tions, by holding out to the people the
fallacious hope thpt the puccdss of a
certain candidate will make navigable
their neighbouring creek or river, bring
commerce to their doors, and increase
the value of their property. It thus fa- !
vors combinations to squander the trea
sure ofthe country upon a multitude of
local objects, as fatal to just legislation
as to the purity Os pdblic men.
If a system compatible vtith the Con
stitution cannot be tie Vised, which is free
from such tendencies, we should recol
lect {hat that, instrument provides within
itself the mode of its amendment; and
that there is, therefore, ho eXcusC for the
assumption of doubtful powers by the
•General Government. If those Which
are clearly granted shall be foftnd in
competent to tjie ends of its creatloh; it
can, at any time, apply for' their enlarge
ment; Sc there is np probability that Such
an application, if founded oh the public
inter;est, will .ever be refused. If the
propriety of the proposed grant be not
: sufficiently* apparent to command the as
sent of three-fourths of the States, the
best possible reason why the power
should not be assumed pn doubtful autho
rity, is afforded; for if more than one
fodrth of the States 'are t,, unwillibg to
make the grant* its,,exerciSe will be pro
ductive of discontents, which will far
overbalance any advantages that could
be derived from it. All must admit that
there is nothing so worthy of the con
stant solicitude of this Government, as
the harmony and uflion of the pedple.
Being solemnly impressed with the
conviction, (fiat the of the
Power to make internal improvements
beyond the limit I have suggested, even,
if it be deemed constitutional, is subver
sive of the best* interests of our country,*
I earnestly recommend to Congress to
refrain from its exercise, in doubtful
cases, except in relation to improved
rtiente already begun, unless thej shall
first procure from the States such an
amendment of the ; constitution as will
define its character and prescribe its
bounds- If the. States-feel competent to
these objects, why should this Govern
ment wish to assume the power? If
they do not, then they will not hesitate
to make the grant,. Both Governments
arethe Governments of the people : im
provements, must be made with the mo
ney of the people i and if the money can
be collected ‘find applied ,by those more
simple and economical political ma
chines, the. State Governments, it will
unquestionably- be safer and better for
the people, than to add to the splendor,
the patronage; and the power of the Ge
neral Government. But it the people of
the several States think otherwise, they,
will amend the Constitution, and in their
decision all ought,oheerfuUy tp acquiesce.
For a detailed and highly satisfactory 1
view of the operations of the war de
partment, I refer you to the accompany
ing report of tbn Secretary of War.
The hostile incursions of the Sacs and
Pox Indians necessarily led to the inter
position bf the Government, v A portion
of the troops, under Generals Scott and
Atkinson, aUd of the militte- of the State
of Illinois, were called into the field Af
ter a hprrassing warfare, prolonged by
the nature of the'country and by the
difficulty of procuring subsistence, the
Indians were entirely defeated and the
disaffected band dispersed or destroyed
The result has been creditable to the
troops engaged in the service. Severe
as i9 the lesson to the Indians, it wps :
rendered necessary by their unprovoked
aggressiohs ; and it is to be hoped that
its impression will be permanent'and sa
lutary. ' • .
This campaign has evinced the
ent organization of the, Army and its ca
pacity for prompt and active service,
(ts several departments have performed
their functions'with energy and despatebu
and the general movement was satisfac
toi^.
Our fellow-citizens on the frontiers
were ready, as they always are, in the
tender of their serVices in the hour of
danger. But a more efficient organiza
tion of our militia system is essential .to
that Security which is one of the princi
pal objects of all Governments. Neither
our situation nor our-institutions, require
or permit the maintenance of a large re
gular force. History offers too many
lesSons'of the fatal result of such measure
not to warn Us against its, adoption here.
'The expense which attends it, the ob
vious tendency to-employ it because it
exists, and thus toengage in unnecessary
wars, and its ultimate danger to public
liberty, wall lead us, I trust, to place our
principal dependence for protection, up v
on the great body of the citizens of the '
republic. If, in asserting- rights, or in re
pelling wrongs, war shoukl come upon
us, oUr regular force should be increased
to air extent proportioned to the emer
gency, and our present spyajl army is n
nucleus, around which sucti force could
be formed and embodied. But for the
purposes of defence, under ordinary cir
cumstances, we must rely upon the elec
tors of the country. Those by Whom,
atid for whom, the Government was in
stituted and supported, will constitute its
protection in the hour of danger, as they
doits check in the hour of safety.
But it is obviousthat the militia sys
tejh is imperfect. Much time is lost,
much unnecessary expense is incurred,
and much public property Wasted tinder
the presCht arrangement. Little Useful
knowledge Is gained by the musters and
drills, as now established; and the whole
subject requires a thorough examina
tion, Whether a plan of classification,
remedying these detects, and providing
for a system of instruction, might not be
adopted, is submitted to the considera
tion of Congress. The Constitution hes
vested in the General Government an
independent anlhority upon the sdbjecl
of the militia, which renders its action
essential to the establishment or im
provement of the system. And I recom
mend the matter to your consideration,
in the conviction, that the. state of this
important arm of the public defence re
quires your attention.
lam happy to inform you, that the
wise and humane policy of transferring
from the Eastern to the Western side ol
the Mississippi, the rtinaihs of our ab
original tribes, with their own consent
arid upon just terms, has been steadily
pursued, and is approaching, I trust, its
consummation. By reference to the re
port of the Secretary of War, and to
the documents submitted with it, you
will Aee the progress which has been
made si nee your last session, in the ar
rangemertt ofthe various matters con
nected with our Indian relations. With
one exception, every subject involving
any question of conflicting jurisdiction,
or of peculiar difficulty, has been hap
pily disposed of, ami the conviction ev
idently gains ground among the Indians
that therr removal to the country assign
ed by the United States for their perma
nent residence, furnishes the only hope
bf their ultimate prosperity.
With that portion of the Cherokses,
however, living within the State ol
Georgia, it has been found impractica
ble, as yet to make a satifactory adjust
ment. Such was my anxiety to remove
all the grounds of complaint, and to
bring to a termination the difficulties in
which they are involved, that I directed
the very liberal propositions to be made
to them'which accompany the docu
ments herewith submitted. They can
'not but have seen in thesfi offers the ev
idence ofthe strongest disposition on the
part of the Government, to deal justly
and liberally with them. As ample in
demnity was offered for their future
support and improvement, and full secu
rity for their private and political rights.
Whatever difference of opinion may
have prevailed respecting the just claims
of these people, there will probably be
none respecting the -liberality of the
propositions, and Very -little respecting
the expediency of tbair immediate ac
ceptance.—They were however rejected
and thus, the position of these Iridians
remained unchanged, as do, the views
communicated in my Message to the
Senate of February, 1831.
I refer you to the annual report of ttye
Secretary ot the Navy which accompa
nies this Message, for a detail pf the op
erations of that branch of the service
during the preethu year.
Besides the general remarks on .some
of Che transaction ofour tweee**_ !
ed in the view which has been taken of
our foreign relations, I seize this occa
siowto invite to your notice the increas
ed protection which it has afforded to
our commerce and citizens on distant
seas, without any augmentation- of the
force in commission. In the gradual im
provement of its pecuniary concerns, in
the constant progress in the collection of
.mafephls suitable for' use during fhture
emergencies, and in the' construction of
vessels and the buildings necessary to
their preservation and repair, the pres,
,ent state of this branch of tbe serviceex
hibits the fruits of that vigilance and care
which are so indispensable to itseffieien.
cy. Various new suggestions contain
ed ip the annexed report, as weti as oth
ers heretofore submitted to Congress,
are worthy of your attention; but
none more so than the urging the renew
al, for another term of six years, of thie
general improvement of the Navy.
From the accompanying report of the
Postmaster General, you will also per
ceive that the Department continues’ to
extend its usefhluess without impairing
its resources, or lessening the accommo
dations which it affords in the seenre
and rapid transportation of tbemafk
- I beg lekvft tV call tbs attShtioi) j>f Congress to
the views heretofore expressed..in relation to
the mode of choosing (he president and Vice
President of the United States, ooJi to lbose re
specting the tenure of office generally. Still im
pressed with of those views,, and
with the belief that the modifications suggested
on those subjects, if adopted, will contribute to
thp prosperity.and harmony of the country, I
earnestly recommend them to your considera
tion at this time.
I have heretofore pointed out the defects in
the law for punishing official frauds, especially'
within the District of Columbia. It has been
found almost impossible to bring notorious cul
prits tb punishment; and according to a decision
of the Court for this District,, a prosecution is
barred by a lapse of two years after the fraud
hah been committed. It may happen again as it
has already happened, that during the whole
two years, all the evidences of the fraud may be
in the possession of the culprit himself. How
ever prpper the limitation may be in relation to
private citizens, it would seem that it ought not
to continence running in favor of public officers
until they go.out of office. ... ,
The Judiciary system of the United States re
mains imperfect. Os the nine Western and
South Western States, three only enjoy the ben.-
efits of a Circuit Court. Ohio, Kentucky and
Tennessee, are embraced in the general systeifl;
but Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Alabama* Missis'-
sippi, and Louisiana, have only District Courts.
If the existing system he a good one, Why should
it not be extended 1 If it be a bad one, why
is it sufficed to exist ? The new States were
promised equal rights and, privileges when they
came into the Union, and such are the guaran
tees of the Constitution. Nothing can be more
obvious than the obligation of the General Gov
ernment to place all the States on the same foot
ing in relation to the administration of justice,
and I trust thjs duty will be neglected no longer.
On many of the subjects to which ycur attention
is invited in this communication, it is a source cff
gratification to reflect that the steps to be how a
dopted are uninfluenced by the embarrassments
entailed ppqn the country by the wars through
which it has passed. In regard to most of onr
great interests, we, may cpnsidei oorselves as
just starting in our career, and, after a salutary
experience, about, to fix upon a permanent basis
the pplipy bos; calculated to promote the happi
ness of the people, and facilitate their progress
towards the mostcomplete enjoyment of civil
liberty. On an occasion so interesting and im
portant in our history, and of such anxious cou
corn to the ; friends of freedom throughout the
world, it is our imperious duty to lay aside all sel
fish and local considerations, and be guided by a
lolly spirit of devotion tb the great principles on
which our institutions are founded.
That this Government may be so-administer
ed as to preserve its efficiency in promoting ami
seedring these general objects should be the only
aim of odr ambition; and we cannot, therefore,
too Carefully examine its construclure, in order
that we may not mistake its powers, or assume
those which the people have reserved to them
selves, or have preferred to assign to other a
gedts. We should bear constantly in mind the
fact that the considerations which induced the
framers ofthe Constitution to withhold from the
General Government the power to regulate the
great mass of the business and concerns of the.
people, have been fhlly justified fcy experience ;
and that it cannot nbtv bt, douhtsd that the ge
nius ot all our institutions prescribes simplicity
and economy as the characteristics of the refonn
which is yet to be eflei led in the present and fu
ture execution of tho functions bestowed upon
bs by the Constitution.
Limited to a general superintending power to
maintain [reaoe at home and abroad, and to nro
scube laws on ale w subjects of general interest,
not calculated to restrict human liberty; but io
enforce human rights, this Government will find
its strength ahd its glory in the faithful disoharge
of these plain and simple duties. Relieved by
its protecting shield from the fear of war, and
the apprehension of oppression, the free enter*
prize of our citizens, aided by thfe Btate sover
eignties, will work out improvements and ame
liorations, whicli cannot'ail to demonstrate that"
the great truth, that the People can govern them
selves, is Hot only realized in our example, but
that it is done by viaclunery in Government bo
simple and economical, as scarcely to be felt.
That the Almighty Ruler of the Universe mav so
direct our deliberations, and overrule our acts nS
to make us instrumental in securing a-result so
dear to mankind, is my most earnest and sinerrb*
P ra ,y e r' ANDREW JACKSON.
December vk, 1b32.
Just Received.
"I AA <-oils first qualilv Bale Kopit
1 '/U 50 pieces Flax B.ipging
26 dozen Patent C<>ff-e Mills
20- bales brown Skirtings
lb “ “ Slier tings
4 “ Duffle anil Point Blankets'
2 “ Red Flannels
2 “ Liosrvs
2 “ Caitonaffes
2 “ Stripes and Plaids
2 cages bleached Sheetings
2 “ Irish Linen
2 “ low priced Prints
1 “ Cotton Handkerchiefs
1 “ Silk Bandannas
For sale low tor Casli or approved paper Irf
n . , J - MARSHALL.
Octo' er 24. |f '
A. KVOWLXOV,
NO. 2tH BISOAD-STUEET.
■ ;ust opened a handsome assortment of
A^t-u^ 4 MERINO ■«<! THIBET
t.liUlna, entt)t;aring all the choice and fnsh
tonoble colors; such as Crimson, Scarlet, Royal
Furp/e. Nazarine Blue. Light Do. Light and
Dork Green, together with a great variety ofthe
Mode colors. also,
Super. Merino Circassians and Pi incettas, all
colori. n ov 16 JOO
By H ednesdaus Mail, will be received *ht
Drawing of the
N. York Consolidated Lottery,
Class No. 44.
SCU£MF
1 Prize of c*"*
1 «t , cO.OOO doil.ifjsy
" « 5,000 dollatsf
38 ‘ - dollars;
2 “ 1,500 dollars.
2 " 1,270 dolUrsv
? " 1,250 doiftarf.
20 A 1,000 dollars.
20 „ “ 500 dollars
Ticket $5, Half $2. 50, Quarter $1 25*
By Mondays Mail.
Grand Consolidated Lottery,
Class No. 30, for 3832.
HIGHEST PRIZE $10,000;
Ticket $4, half $2, Quarterfsl,
BEERS’OFFICIAL PRIZE LIST
Drawn numbers of the
union Canal lottery*
Class No. 24, f*> r 1832.
24, 29, 50, 19, 7, 59, 2, 61, 58, 23,
0“ Prizes Sold and Cashed at
BEERS’
Foriunate Lotte, y Office tfo, 241 Broad-itrc&
• Address orders to W. P. Beers.
Dec IQ it
OVCLARATIONS,
Printed «md for sale at fhis Oflfee*