Newspaper Page Text
2
TAIIS
BY J. G. M’WHOBTKR.
•KUPiiDBr r« published every MONDAY,
WKDNMDV FKI&AY A fleruoon, at $6 per A>
rv?nNV P RrKpEH-Publishedevery FRIDAY afternoon
«|3 «anum.in*lv«nce, or *4 at the expiration of
/ suhscripttons rtrfceived for less lime
' *«* mWnths.
. rr ADVERtISEMENT-. 'nnt' exceeding a aquare will
inserted the flttt time at 75 eta. per square and A 7 \ i
‘ for each continuance. . u
'Advertawsmenta of one ■square, published ffctUly, at
cents for the firat mssitibu, and 50 cents, for eafch coti-
Yfenona advertising b ihu year will be charged 30 dollrfrs
including auJacnptiou and will be entitled to one equate
' have stiintllng' kdvirtiafemonW of sevciil
: from these
hive the
marked on them ; otherwise they will be inserted till lor
BHF RIFFS*, C t :*ndoth«W P*b lic officers, wnl have
85 percent, deducted in their favor. .
. From the A. Y. Courier gs Enquirer Jan. 7 th.
ELEVEN DAYS LATER 1 ROM ENGLAND.
Summon* made in the name of France and En
gland. by Marshall Oerard, Commander-in
' chief of the French Army, to General C haste,
Commanaer of the Citadel of Antwerp.
" “Head Quarter* or Borocnhovt, under
Antwerp, No* 30, t 4*ef«re the
Citadel of Antwerp.«t thelleadtef Hie French
Army, with insttudlions fiont inylitiviwiiinent to
reclaim the exesution of the Trenty bf the -ifilfe
of November, 1831, which go»irunJeetl* : do-hjs
Majesty the King of the<B«lgians the possession
of this fortress: as well as the foMs4ltl|»e.’tteiit on
it, on both sides of the Schellt,' I hope (8 find
you disposed to acknowledge'thc jnstice ,J fif 'tils
demand. If, contrary to any exp<'Cindoux,”it
should be otherwise, 1 am comniainlc.l to inform
you that I must employ tho«e means winch are
•t iny disposal to occupy the said ciiwM.
“The Operations of the seige wilf*tie ’'ifhvcteiJ
: <0 the exterior fronts of the citadel; and, not
viths anding the weakness of the fortifications
■on the side of the city, and the shelter aIT rded
me by the bouses, offer «verj advantage of the'
Attack; (shall not profit by-it. ‘1 have, hereto
fbro every right to hope,' cortforhnaidc to "the
taws of war, and to custom* constantly obser
ved, that you will abstain from all liinds of hog
tilities agaiust the city. I shall cause to be -oc
cupied a portion of it, from the sole fhotive'fcrf
being prepared for any thing that ma y expose
it to the lire ofyourartillery. A 'bombardment
would be an act of useless barbarity "and a ca
lamity for the commerce of all nations.
* If, notwithstanding these consideration-, you
should fire on the ci»y ,• France and England'will
exact an eiuivartentbiddmAfty ftlr tlife ' damages
caased by the fire from the citadel and its forts,
at well as from the ships of war. It is impossi
bit for you not to foresee (hat in tills case yon
will be personally responsible for the violation of
• custom respected by ali civilised natiims, and
the -disasters Which may reiiilttfsitib. 1 await
yber answer, andem persuaded 'that yon will see
the propiietyof immediately entering <iiito ne*
gociattous with me, for the purpose of putting
-Che Citadel of Antwerp, and its dependent forts
into mjr possession.
“Receive, Monsieur Le General, I pray you,-
-the assurances of my consideration
(Signed) “COUNT GER VRD, .
“Commaafdfti of the Army of the North
'At half patt-H o’clock, the ausWt r of General
'Chaste arrived end was sertt'fdfwaru to Gerard
•t Bercltem. The cnoteiiU-Ylid n<>t transpire,
but the auswerwu gue red ro ne in the nega
tive by the fact that in half an hour after some
guus were fired from the citrfdei upon ‘the men
engaged in the works. Some of the work men.:
•it it said, were kil.ed, and many wounded, but
this is *bt correct. Every thing i« quiet in the
city-, Init every one is anxiously desirous that hos
tilities should be eoinmenceti on th* French side
•wnd Continued with activity.
•It was Lieutenant Cos onel Auvrac. of Mar-
Jbdli Odrard’srtatr. who Wfclhe Witii-.oni >o.
Chaise, wecoHipauied t>y a single tunhpet.— t
Uis reception was cold, but civil, an I the an
swer in the negative. “Tell the M.rthal, said
he,-t(ldVlshall burp myself uruler the ruins of
the ckdlßl. As 10 the neutrality < [ the ci’y I
promise aolhitog* that will be regular, and by cir
cumstances and even rs” 'I give this as I find
it, but though not official. it i* tip no tne me im
probable. At ba’f past .11 a, m. the citadel w.ijt-!
firing on the woiks, but n<vlivt-s : had ;«-n lost '
to'VTWtije N.<v 30.
■Wfie o'clock. —I'll* ‘important in nnent has
passed: the summ»rtV ! Ua» been delivered to Gen
Chasse-for ihe evucuHtio iof tha i itatlrl: lie h-s
refused ’the cannon of he citadel have been
-directed against the French Soldier* « lule work
-jug in the trenches, and tevr-ra! have been kiltei 1 .
The conditions offered by the commandant of
the citadel for the neu-rality of the town have
been declared inadtniimble by the Kroneh ati
thotities. A second parte mentaire h s been sent
to the citadel. During the tve.-ing the shots
have been widely distant from each other. The
weather is rainy and dark. The Ficnch*&o!
diera are odd io be still working, although from j
the citadel it is impossible to descry Ihrrr move
ments, To:tnont>w, as is expected there will be
a great advance made, not only towaids the
completion of the two parallels, but toward* the
astablishineui of several batteries, whence the
assailants in return will be enabled to annoy the
citadel. An attack is expected to night on the
forts Itoltlen by the Dutch on .he left bunk of
the Scheldt, to whose commander a summons w, s
als sent this day at 11 o’clock. Who can there
fore, wonder if tbe excitement and anxiety of the
people here is of the greatest?
The detail* of the delivery of the summons,as
I have been enabled to obtain them. Ui.d, at an
early hour, some stale 6 o’clock, the summons
Whs entrusted to a superior officer of Muishall
Gerard’s staff, who proceeded at duy-brenk to
deliver it 1 hope to bate the document, to
which one may refer. The «n*wer.of General
Chasse was, that he could not suppose ids coun
try to ba at war with England or with France,
and that be would not yield until his means of
defence were exhausted, or an til he hud the or
ders of tbe King of Holland to surrender the
fortress; and as to the neutrality of the city, he
proposed several conditions, which have been
consult red inadmissible—such as that theScheldf
wag to continue f ce for alt eoiiMiMwdcations to
the citadel, and that the forts on the left bank
were not to be attacked-, and that no use should
be made against the citadel of Che batteries t
rected'iu Fort Montebello sud within the com
pass of the city. The officer brought back the
reply to Marshall Gerard, with an intimation
that if the French persisted to work in the tren
ches at mid-day the cittdel would fire upon them.
As the works were continued, tin- filing commen
ced at a quarter past 12 o'clock.
The conduct of the ciuiiucundaut ofithe citadel
and of the garrison itself appear* inexplicable;
the French worked during the rnglit, yet not a
»bot was fired «t them and nt mirtMuyi they had
completed without iiijiiry what they had 'expec
ted to have cost 2,000 men, if an active resistance
had been given. At 10 o'clock last night the
Belgian posts-were relieved all round the citadei
as well in the town as in the country. mid
night several vollies of musketry were fried off
from the citadel, in order to clear the utmospueie
aud to.allow the garrison to see if the enemy
wa* near.. The French,, though under arms,
ready to begirt their work, preserved a strict si
lence. Tbe garrisoa went “to sleep. ’ until the
•nramons awoke them .from thetr slumbers and
they, saw-the French soldiers in work within
hail: the so'diJrs and officers continued to look
on Impassively unti' mi.,-day.
Ajuioug- the French Geuerals and fficers who
went at two o’clock this morning to witness Ihe
breaking of the vr'iuud were the Dukes of Or
leans aud Nemours At4ihe> leturbed to Ber-
Chom to take some reppje, half famished. The
provisions in the village w er * exhausted, ar.d
the princes found nothing hut coarse brown
bread called “dog’s bread ” which they ate with
a good appe.rte, at the hoOse of M.
where they slept, end" v ti>here rn-my Geneials
and other c fficess wete glhd to procure a strhw
pallet. It would have been easy to cause t>e
gules of the city, about two miles distant to >
opened, hut tlie hunger of the priucest was u
sutSc ent cause to give any alarm to the l u
The formation of the trenches under ‘k 6 "oses
of the Dutch Garrison ha# been a c * us ® . '
Time»t to the F.enchsaWiers, who, to day, whdn
they saw a stray shot coming, jumpedl ..to■ «Je
trenches afid let it Wdver. Few of (Mm hake
as yet been killed. They are said -o be now at
] work in tlie direction of the Fort du Kiel, which
it is their ihtentionlo silence, or to lake posses
sion of, prior to an attack on the citadel itself
During the day the Dutch troops at the Tete
de Flanders blew tip a portion of ihe' Djfke op
posite t he citadel, in order to throw obstacles, by
iuundatien, in the way of the French 'so'diers,
who had arrived in the* morning at’ Burcht. in
older to attack that fort. Water is the'Dutdh
Weapon.
Oongress of the United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Tuesday , Jan.
The bill to remit the duties on goods
intpoittfd ulider certain * circumstances,
coming up as she uftlinisfteiTbusiinJSs, \lr
Verplaticli/CMiaTrYuan of the Committee
of Ways und ‘Mtewtis,, tnovFd to lay the
bill upon (he table, Svtth a view to take
up foe-trill ttemluto the duties on Ifrt
ftocs. -i.
Mr. ClaYdematrUtfU the'Teas and Ndys
nut ihis motion.
■Mr. Cnmbereieng suggested to his col
league -the propriety of withdrawing his
mo run, -as'the bill now before the House
might certainly "be disposed of ibis day.
Air. 'Vcm platick declining to do so.
Thetjuesritfn <rn laying the bill upon
the table was luKen by Yeas and Nays
—Yea* 98, Nais 89.
So the bill was laid' upon ihe table.
Mr. Verplanck moved, successively,
tlie postponement of ail the oiher bills on
liie Speaker’s table : and die ’motion pie
vailed.
The bill for the relief oTGen. M acoitib j
heitig named a'monjg these,
Mr. Stewart demanded the Yeas aria
Nays on the motion t«» postpone
M-. VYickliffe moved to lay the bill on
the liible,°trhich niotiorriwas decided by
Yeas and Ntys in the affirmative—Yens
103, Nays 75- .
So the bill wa's lhid upon ibe table.
REDUCTION OF THE TARIFF.
The House Then, <Vi» (notion <rf Mr.
Verplanck, went into Committee of the
Whole on Ihe'st’ate t.f (he ’’Union, Mr.
Wav Me in the‘Chair.
Air. Verplanck moved that the *flo'ri*e
t ike up the'bil! to reduco aud otliet Wlsu
alter tlie dtnffe9 on imports.
Mr McKeohan observed that tlto uli
dt'isianding had been thv the bill shiiuld
not he taken up rill M idday next.
The queifion being taken, tho Cmn
tftillue voted taking up tile bi I.
The Cliairman having declaied t l be
Ayes to be ’B7
Mr.-Stewart demmandt-d tellers': and
•he Chair appointed Mt-ssts. E. Everett
and Hurra D oact in tint cnpnriiv.e>
The members voting in the a(fi<illative
and negative having risen from their
scats and passed hot ween the tellers to be
counted.
The Chair declared the 'Vote to 'be
Yeas 94, Nays 78.
So the bill was taken up.
Mr. Verplanck thereupon rose, and ad
dressed the Committee at some length
?<i support of the bill.--[We are unavoid
ably obliged to postpone tile insvriioT)
<ff l Ms remarks to-day.]
vM*-* Ti intingtou ohseiVed that it seerti
ed to be settled that I lie House was row
!• enter on the Tariff Bill} but as many
gentlemen had eot "rtpbttfed thal the “dis
cussion Would baVe tteefl pressed before
Monday ifext, and consequently had not
examined t’he biili:- reported with as much
ininutehess as they otherwise should have
done, he moved that the Committee now
rise.
The motion prevailed—Aye' 90.
The committee therefore rose, and the
(loose adjourned.
[From the Washington Globe Jan, 3 j
THE PROCLAMATION & OUR
GOVERNMENT.
We liave already shown in what sense
the Constitution of the United States was
formed bv tho people rtf the Utji'ed
States. We beg ofir readies to gtf for
ward vxith us in an elamiffalion of facts
f- igetting that they have eute. tained the
ories upon the sublet while we look in
to the character of the Government which
w as established by that Constitution.
The States were already in existence
and had ifreir separate Governments.
These governments had been created by
the people (if the Stales, who had limit
ed them by written constitutions. In
pet forming these acts the people had act
ed through conventions constituted lor
the special purpose, and the acts of these
conventions \v«re considered as the acts
of the people.
'I lie general convention,- in the form
of a Ctinst'mnion prepared by*them, pro
posed to- the people of the States - to lim
it heir government* still further, by tak
ing front them certain defined potVers,- and
vesting - t hem in another government.
! The people of the States agkitY con
stituted eouventi n to determine R'lißlhef
they would rill further restrict their Staid
i <»vernitients, and vest thb powehno be
token fYom ‘hem-in a general £bvernment.
Through these conventions the people cf
every State decided tbe question- in the
affirmative. Tli«y decided - thkt’ they
would take from l their State governments
ihe power in make war, regulate com 1
morce, lay dbties on imports, maintain an
army,-and a'navy, Ac. &c.i and vest them
iri the general government, 'fbis was
done By- ihe saint- authority which estab
lished the State governments— by the
people acting in Convention. This act
the eiore, was of as high authority to the
people of eaclr Slate as that which crca*
ted thdir State government*. In ‘each |
State, the Coiisfitutiou of the Stdte aud \
the Constitiitioh* of the United Suites de j
rived their bidding force ft dm pftcis'ely
the saint eoiifce. They were both ad
opted 1 by Me people of the 'Stags' acting
tinougli Stale conventions. It'is an er
ror, therefore, to suppose 'fhat the Con
stitiitiou of the States ate any more sa
cred or anv more buttling'upon Vlie people
than the constitution of the United Stines
No citizen of any State can say that he
lots assented to (he one aifd Hlas n«t as
sented to the “Ollier. He It is ratified
both alike, and irittie same fnaduer* We
speak of the States in 4gbqefal.
"The 7 adoption of the '"Constitution “l
the Uniied States \VA&% t virtual amend
ment of every State Constitution It
was an essential cuilairiiient of the pow
ers which the pievious
ly possessed. Nor vvefe 'all the powers
taken from them vested te ihe Geueral
Government. They are foibidden tp lay
’duties on exports, audio is the General
Government. ’They are forbicfffffn ‘fo
pass any bill of attainder, or liw impair
ing’the obligation of contracts, or to giant
any'(Me of nobility; but no sucb powei
is invested in the General Government.
These poiiers exist in ne'nber Govern
nieht, but Ore reserved to the peoj le. .
From die facts it follows, that the
‘Constitution ’of the’Unifeti S'me derives
its binding forOe from preci-ely the same
soitffce as the Cdnstitutiuns of the States,
it is Jos t :(s much the (Constitution of the
people of each Slate as is their own State
Constitution. It is an 'Amendment ol the
State Constitutions, as a restrictem upon
tlie State governments, and its prohibi
tions are as imperative on those govern
menls as if thfy had been incorporated
fnto their • espcctive State Constinttions.
If the Stale Governments were establish
ed bv the people, so was the latter out ol
the former, aud by that act made both
what they are. . Thus it ‘was, lf that the
people of the 'U. Statesf' acting through
Conventions In ’each State, adapted the
'Constitution, Und established the G“V
'eriimem of the 'United States The,
wot Id now saw what i'- had never befoi e
'seen, two iepnrale Governments, peifect
in all their Inadhinety, over the same
cirutifry and people. %<oh nvelimited,
icgarding delegated powers on one hand
'had reserved ’on 'ihe roller, anil in
the strict rTbseivande of their' limitations,
‘consist their harmony arid peace.
'Can this GoVernffient be alteVed or
kbidishod in part or’tb the whole, within
the linitfs oft» State, by the authority
which'guve it binding force? So far is • hr*
affi matFve'of this proposition from being
truey that the very reverse is Hue. Nei*
ther a 'State nor the people of a State, can
alter or hbolish tho Constitution ; but i<
irtiiy be '.litered «>r abolished in spite of
them, a State and people »fa
Slate may be bound by alte r a ions mad?
without their consent Si contrary to their
will The nature <>f the G. vet hnieni
may be essetitially’cbahged, ihe powers < f
the Gdyernment may be e'ssentiailv
changed, the powers of the States mate
rially diminished, .ted yet a dissenting
State be bound by it, however repugnant
U> its interests or inclination. If any
one dolibts ibis, let him read the 5.h
Auiele dfil) M Constitution, which declares
that fitftendrftents. fWoprfS'ed hv /therein
pointed obt, “ shail be valid to all intents
and purposes ts s a pari 'of this Constitu .
tion, when ratified by the legislatures of
three fourth* of the several States, or by
conventions in three fourths thereof ,* with
only tho single exception m>w in free.
“ that no State, without its consent, shall
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the
Senate."
There are now 24 States. Is of fhf 24,
in opposition to the wtlitr'6. i&uy change,
by amVhdment, the wit ole chkract’er Rod
substance oT the Constitution, with a sin
gle exception, and those 6 would be bound
by theft act; The Consent of every State
was necessary to biingit under the auill»r
ity of the Constitution, but the voice of
three-fourths may attiend i\ When anew
Constitution mfiv, by the teirlrt <f the
compact; be imposed upon a Slate and its
people, without thtir consent, is it not ab
surd to say, that it may, at pleasure, thr* w
off the whole authority of ihe Constitu
tion to which they have absented? How
nugatory is this piovsion about amend
ments, and how absurd wi lful, if a single
State; by vihtie of its sovereignty, may
thi-oifr off afneridroohts and nf!, whenever
i( take.. odeDce at its sisters !
Proin the Richmond Unquirer, jail. 12-
NEWS FROM WASHINGTON.
Wo have seen and received various
let>ers from Washington, since our last
one of them furnishes i.s the following
extract:
“Washington, Jan. Sih, 1833.
“To-day in ihe Hmise of Represen
tatives, after a protracted struggle and
the practice of every device b$ the high
Tariff party to prevent it, the bill to re
duce the duties was taken up, at and the
Chairman of ihe Committee of Ways and
Means who reported u, made a shmr o
penitig speech; efylaiiiing frsdtilaib. He
announced his own determination and
that ol the other members of the Commit
tee, not to debate the principles of the
bill, conceiving thfct the time for such de
bate had passed, and that tlife opinion of
eVery member es the Wotted tfasj' fitially
made dp. He said that eight riWlions of
the probable revenue would not in' future
be wanted, and tlfot til sen’ instead of
twenty-three mi 11 io us would be amply
sufficient, not only for all the purposes'of
ad gebnrfihical, but for those of"a liberal,
aud He Wasaboutto sav, even a profuse
statt's'man —that the bill was framed on
this principle, and with ail -he regard pos
sible td the several interests of the coun
try, without 'looking- «o lutfal or sectioral
interests, dec. dec. Hb made no allusiop
to South Carolina, and touched do topic
to call f<»rili debate. This the friends of
the bill mean if possible to avoid—add e
ven Mr. McDuffie, it is said, so distin
guished on former occasions, will not ad
dress the Committer 1 , unless compilled by
something coming from the other side.]
Theie is an evident determination in the
House to act and not to lose time in a de
bate; md this, not proceeding from any
deference so the courso of South Caroli
na, nor affected by Iter first of February
limitation, but because the measure is e
videntlyjcs' and proper, aud as tho sub
ject has been debated over and over a
gain in This very Congress, and the ' prin
ciple admitted that the revenue of the go
vernment must be brought down to its
wants, there is no reason for further dis
cussion or delay. This is real dignity &
tfhe magnanimity'-*-'!, e. for the strong to
dir justice to ’.he weak, before violent mea
sures are resorted to. It this bill passes
hoth'Housek, it wifi'pour oil on the stor"
my waves of discontent in South CatoH
lia/'and the awful crisis will be averted.
The Stars ahd stripes will still wave in
peace over twenty four United States,
and the bonds of our Union be stionger
•than evor. That it w ill pass the Hohse
‘ol'Repretehtaliveß, and that in four r<r
five diy s'more, is now not only probable,
but almost certain. The only fear is some
‘coWisfon about detAfls,rwhich it is* to be
Imped will be carefully avoided. In the
Senate, its fate'is considered irttiite do'utt
ful; but 1 v catHiot persuade myself that
terrible of rejecting a mea
sure recommended by the Executive,
passed bv the ifnmedijrte representatives
of tlie peopte, and 'plainly called 'for by
every consideration of justice and pru
derce; when ihe alternative may, aud
probably wrtl fie, civil war and disunion..
In the mean time, it is believed that alk
further allusion to South Carolina, will be
suspended here; and that up fttrther step,
will be taken by the'Execuuy'e, utiHl iHe
effect of the action of'Congress'is percei
ved , This is such obvious policy that,
hot withstanding rumors to the contrary ,
I rim persuaded it w ill be -pursued If the
law phsses, it will beydna doubt cause the
immediate repeal «>1 tho Ordinance; and
in a shor.l time, the whole affair will pass
awav like a tiisagteeuble and painful
dreitn.”
Richmond, J»n. 10. & 12
THE T 1 RIFF.
The'prospect? at "Washington are aus
picious. Tlie Ilopse of Representatives
have adopted ihe Resolution to take dp
the Tat iff by a vote of 118 to 82 It
would appear from the phraseology of the
resolution, ihnt it will not now pe. taken
up before next Monday. The Tariffiies
in tho []• use o! Repieseuta ives ar v'sdid
to be under tlie impression, that their case
is hopeless in that body.
THE VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS-
Tlue Debate is yet going on in be
House of Delegate's—in a smooth uttim
passioned, but uninterrupted Current.
No vote is yet taken—tm other indication
is set given, for ascertaining the result.—
Three gentlemen spoke yesterday at one
sitting, which shows that <ho speakers
are 'becoming more laconic—and a mo
tion was made to discharge the Committee
from she Resolutions. Thase are some
symptoms of a 'Uendiiftc incut. Cut, if'lie
House of Delegates can get clriri of tlie
subject, in ihe t’o’brs’e of tins week, ft is tis
much as can be expected.
-From the Charleston Courier'.
trade and commerce.
A statement of the expvrt of cottons
from the Port of Charleston, op io the
12th rust, as compaYed with 'hut < f the
cDVi espondmg period of 1831, shewing an
increase in favor df 1832, was pot lurth
tu yesterday’s Mercury, is proof positive
of die present flout ibhirig condition oltfaYfe
in our city. The editor ot lie Meicifty,
notwithstanding nii receiv arrivalaihoilgst
us, 'appears onibi.iuua »I being considered
aii oiacle in mattfers of trade, and feeling,
as we do, a deep interest in the commer
clAl proipeiitjr of the city, It would be to
ui A sotlice of the highest gratification
were hr 4 conclusions borue out by filets.
Bot Unfortunately, such is not the caje.—,
Nothing could bis tltbie wido of the truth
liau the cooclustou to which the Mercury
would bring os, that because the plan er
has found a ready market uud high pi ice
for his pioduce (and noue Can nine sih
cett-ly rej rice at such a result; than we
do) ther eler e the general bus lit ss of the
.city lias been bent-tilted by die prospect
of nullification; when indeed the anticipa
tion ot ;hi> event has moiety contributed
to swell the exports of the season, from
the apprehension oil the part oftheje hol
ding orders, of an interruption of trade,
should that suicid&l measure be carried
out to is practical results, add (heir con-
sequent anxiety to complete their purcha
ses at an early day. The veiy high pri
ces too, 1 at which die Colton maikeis in
the iuieriot of ihe St’ai6 opened, offered
a strong inducement to the planter to
hasten his crop to the inland markets, and
the consequence has been a loss, in nYmiy
iiisid'ffCCs, to Those who wef6 over-anfions'
'to boy,-of four or five dollars a bale. A*-
nothei Cause which has' largely Contribu
ted towaids early shipments, is to be found
in the greot influx of Which, i edu
cing freights to an unusually low rate, has’
id a corresponding degree stiniulaied ship
ments of produce. These are some of
the principal and immediate causes of the
laige exports of pr-tluce in the first part
of die present season.
Rut as regards the general course of
trade in our city, the advocaie of truth
inusi hold very different language. No
mystification can divert the great mass of
our business men, whose livelihood de
pends on the commercial pros erity of
the place, frem seeing andfeeiiirg the se
rious decline in trade,’ under which' wo
are nd# *ufflring; : and this' tod with the
perfect Certainty,' thht'but for the unhap
py political' dxb'iieitfetlt, iiftd which we
have bedo pibnged, disturbing’ Hath social
relations and commercial coafdence, we
miist’ffbm various aiispici--u« «>—»«(» mong
which, our exemption froaa Cholera,
whilst o»r sis er cities of the North and
Wos w-te exposed to its malignant in
fluence) have carried on a business with
ihe inteiior, exceeding that probably of
any preceding year. 'Perhaps no ** r o n '
ger evidence es the actual state of busi
ness could be adduced, than is furnished
by tlte newspapers themselves, which ex
hibit 3 deplorable falling offin tite adver
rising department, as compared with other
corresponding periods, the truth of which
the Editor of the Mercury will be enabled
to learn, by an enquiry of hi? book kee-
pnr.
The numerous vacant stores, in the
business parts of t(tecrry, uhe.e for some
years past, it wis* difficult to obtain situa
tions, and the reduced rent*, to which
the proprietors are generally compelled
to submit when they do rind tenants, and
the graat difficulty of disposing of real es
tate, at almost any pricA,,wa
symptoms of coinmeicial decline;, and
the serious lanientations Tff Htoietfltjtfeni'
ed in the retail tiade of our principal busi
ness mart, {King Street,) should have
some weight in making up our opinions on
such a subject. Goods are resliipping
trt the North, or Sent on to the South, b ( v
every opportunity, and the returns of
merchandize oh hand (Ist January) which
are tjow In process of being made to the
Tax Collector, will, it is apprehended,
exhibit a great deficiency, as compared
with the teturns of the last year, and con
sequently in the amount of the Slate Tax
es to be drawn from the city. , (i
The insinuation that It is our “arm to
divert die trade of our city into oilier
channels,” is rather too ridiculous for se
rious refutation—we have no relish what
ever for such a species of self immolat ion.
The following is a copy of a communi
cation made on the 3d insf.. to the Se
nate of the XI. States, from the Secre
tary of State’ with its enclosure, Mr. Cai,
hvUn’s letter resigning the Second Otbce
in tlie Government.
'Department rr State, 4tb Jan. 1833.
fir*—The Presdtrnt has directed me
to send to you,for the in'formation of tlie
Senate,' the enclosed copy of a leitpr.Just
received from . John Q. Calhoun, Esq
resigning his office us Vice-President <.f
the United States, the original «f which
letter, subscribed wMi his mime, is de
posited in this Depa'ment, pursuant t*>
the provision* of'the act in such case pro
vided. ,
Very respectfully ,
f Your most oh’t sorv’t.
EDWARD LIVINGSTON
To *he President of the Senate
Columbia, ($. C ) 28th Dec, 1832
Sir. —Having concluded t» accept of
a seat in tlm Senate, to which I have*
been nleced by the legislature of. this
State, I herewith resign the office of Viro
President of tho United S:a'es.
Ve>v Respectfully,
Your ob*t servant,
J. r. CALHOUN.
I fan. *E. Liv'ngston, Secretary of State
AUGUSTA.
PRlBa V. JAN. 18, 1'833
COTTON.—The delivery at the
vv are Houses tho past month, has been
Yialf less than usual at this season of ti e
year’, and appearances, tdeemer witfc the
best intelligence we can obtain, confirm
ur belief that the crop will not exceed
three fourths of last year. The receipts
of the week have been light, and sold
from Wagons at 9 a 10.$ to day.
ILr The Charleston Mail came in, to-day, ti
8 o’clock. It brought us aothing requiring su> h
haste.
We are requested to inform the Public that ihe
sale of Articles by the Ladies of Ihe Episcopal
Church Society, will be continued This Evening
at Miss FiYtkV’S ftooim.
Our readers will remember the interesting
Agronomical tectures delivered hy Mr. Wilcer.-
zntno years ago in Ibis cirv. lie proposes to
resume them. We commend his purpose to the
favorable notice of the public. None but the
Astronomer knows, how great is the Great
CitfeAToft.
far. Wallace's benefit, last night, came very
near measuring tbe capacity of the new Theatre.
It would hare scarcely held fifty more persons.
He will play again to-night for tffie last lime—
many having been prercutrd, by tbe excessive
ly cold night, fmm seeing his first personation
of the Peruvian Holla.
Silas Wright has been chosen V. S. Senator
from the Stale of New York, in the place of Mr.
Marcy, chosen Governor.
The House of Representatives has determined
to employ itself exclusively oo the Taiifl' till i<
conies to some conclusion. Mr Verplnnk’s hill
is, therefore, under tull discussion Its fate un
known.
Mr. Slade has discontinued the Macon Ad
vertiser, and commenced a ijpw paper in Mil
ledgeville, under the title of The Times and
State Rights Advertiser
By an advertisement in the Charleston papers,
we perceive that the steam packet David BCrown
will, oil her return to New-Yoik, be laid up (ill
March, in order to take in a boiler constructed
expressly for the burning of Lackawana coal.
Gen. James Thomas, of St. Mary’s County,
was on Monday, 7lh inst. elected Governor of
Maryland for the ensuing year. The votes were,
for Gen. Thomas 62 votes, for John T Stoddcrt
2 votes, and blank ballots 21 (no candidate hav
ing then rub by the opposition.)
Missouri. —The Census of this State, recently
taken bv authority of the State, presents an ag
gregate of 176,276 souls, of whom 32,184 are
3Uv£s. The number of White Males, we ob
serve, exceeds that of the White Females, by
nearly niae thousand souls.
The Missionaries have been pardoned by the
Governor, and are at liberty A Nully on hear
ing it the other day, said with equal elegance If
truth, nor •* fat is now in the fire.” The only
hope eur enemies had, that we might be made
as mad as they are, is dissipated. We agaia
congratulate oi\r friends on the settlement of
» . «r
this difficulty. ' Let us never despair of the re
public. Our ‘Country’s good sense will nua y
surmount every danger. The Governor has
nothing to fear. He shall he triumphantly sup
ported—lhe people looked to him for this con
summation. It is done, and let the disaffected
rail. They have long ceased to support their
Country’s peace and happiness, and rather than
ree the difficulties settled, in which they have in
volved her, would smile over her ruin.
Our readers remember what a luss was made
in the Nullification prints about the Volunteer
ing of ail the Southern Cadets st VVest Point.—
Like their other reports about Volunteers, it is
all a lie. The resolutions said to he pnsseit at
West Point, were neither adopted, nor even pio
posed ; nor have the young gentlemen iuterfer
"red in any manner in the troubles of the day.
The Globe contains a letter from Col.
inclosing a letter to the Charleston Mercury by
one of the Cadets from South Carolina, denying
the whole imputed transaction. We wish we
were ht liberty to publish the stories afloat n
bout volunteers on the other side ol the river, but
we will not abuse the public car by noticing the
falsehoods so far as to refute them.
Spoß THK GEORGIA COURIER.
*1 spoke of curtailing the expense of running
Steam Boats, and gave the requisite details to
ghnwl)»at a great sav.iug could Ire effected in fuel.
H now, Jake up tuioß'er item—the management
of boats of this kin. 4 require that a Captain,
Engineer, and Pilot should Ire employed at high
wages, hot less for the three than 150 dollars
per month, (p the arrangements proposed l
would..opty require pry Captain to have some
kniiWlyfige of the Engine, and. an accurate
knowledge of the river; for l>y means of n lever
and steering wheel at the how t.f the boat, l
wbafit have the Engine and rudder completely
under his controul—the Epgiue levr r w.iiild t:iru
horizontally and Lc connected with a dial plaits
having the indie,a I jnn,, such ns, “ ahead” “ slow'’
ami “track” en;rav\-d oq.it, and alien tire lever
was made to C4>r|e,>pni'd wilts either of them its
connection,wjttMjie distrihu iiig valve, would
effect the desired clf.iu.i,ge ip the motion of lire
droat. The steering wheel being alongside tit
lever, the ('apttin aids thq.efforts.of tlie engine
try turning.tlie under io the proper,diiectifiii hy
means, of the, wheels ,coupe,efed by ropes or
.chains to it,.
been .Sued separniery. lira.former in England,
and the latter on tlie Missis-ippl —their com i
nation would produce such a saving that it can
not be too heartily recommended to the Steam
Boat owners. „ AUGUSTA.
FOR TIIE GR HU IA CfIURIER.
THE BLUE COCKADE,
Tltdre is somcoliing singolaily app o*
priatp, in this new badge of'lie Nuliifiers.
Thi> is not tire fi. st rime of its heiue adop
ted by those who seek, bv “peaceful aid
coiniitutiorial temedies,” to redress the r
grievances. About >he year 17S0, the
English I’ai liament, by a must "palpable''
outrage upon their Coustilitti-.n, tepenled
a law imposing cortdfft res'raints and dis
abilities,on those who dateif, in the exer
cise of their own undeistanding aid con
science, to profit* the If.i. nail Cal holt,h
religion. A large body .of g/t"d P.oli s
lams undertook to NULLIFY 'be re
nealing and proceeded to tho
“peaceful remedy,” of huvning a large
portion o( tfie city of London, breaking
open all tlie prison*, mobbing all Cathol
ics, an<| such like quiet and orderly do
ings. Tlib progress of inform, wn- only
stayed bv regular troop*; and as the nut
lifters \Veie .unfiolnna elv coerced into
“ submission,” postpri y litis branded then)
wiib.the tiftme of “ ford George Gordon's
mob." r Their badge was a , IVLUE
COCKADE. FACT.
•; *’ " i: it ‘ 'I,
FUR THE GEORGIA Cf URtER.
Afr. Editor, —I have taken the liberty thro- g)i
your paper, and in some other ways, occasio i
ally to proseij,t my vie vs on Ihe <.!o -
trine of nuUdlc itiou, with ti e b'essini'sof which
jts advocates seem desirous of making a neigh
boring; Stale practically acquainted. I aril not,
however, inclined to believe even h Iht t
Sttfte, measures will he prosecuted to the extent
'hreiiteucd, because 1 am unwilling to suppo-e
that any considerable proportion of citi/.ens in
any section of our country, are inclined to invito
inevitable evil to themselves. But the in- onsi*-
tency of the leading rulvo ates of these doc
i. iues has been so strikingly exhibits and th» [l h.ok
with astonishment at tire success of their efforts
in misleading the people in regard to them. C-f
tirig inconsistency I have, heretofore, taken some
notice, and in further illustration of it, f beg
leave to rail the attention of ynur renders to th'4
following remarks, after a short exp'ana i in of
the occasion whi. h |.ro<’ueed them. As with the=e
sutijects I had a personal a r qu lintance, Ia u
certain of being in no error with respect to them
There were a few politicians in Georgia, in the
year 1821, who seemed inclined to orgauixe im
-opposition to the administration of the Genen I
Government, and in prosecuting their purpose*
they resorted to a method of construing thi
Constitution of their country, similar to that re
cently adopted by sonic distinguished men in
South-Carolina, and by which an Unhappy state
of things has been brought about in th at State.
Against tin. doctrines of these politicians in
Georgia, who published their opinions in a Mil'
ledgeville paper, under the signature of •• The
Trio, ” a gentleman, high in the public estima
tion in South-Carolina, volunteered hits services,
and lent the aid of his powerful talents in op.
posing the absordities of the Georgia writers,
He published a number of Essays which will —
long ramain as monuments of the sound-,
ness of his principles, and the correctness of
his views on constitutional subjects—on such,
subjects he has never written, or spoken better
since that period. In one of those Essays, when
speaking of the Constitution of the United Sfhtes v
and of the only rational method of construing
it, he observes, that the Constitution “ w,w form
ed by the people, and for the people.” “ Popu
lar,” he says, “ in its creation and its objects. i*_
was intended that U should be construed by the
plain and obvious dicta** 3 common sense,
and with a liberal regard to the great ends it
was designed to accomplish.” Any man, sayis
he, who will “ consider for a moment the vasT
field of human affair* embraced within the scope
of the Constitution, art I that in its very nature ij'
must be applied to all the vicissitudes which io
the succession of ages, shall mark our progress
as a nation, cannot but perceive the absurdity of
construing this great national charter as a law
yer would construe an indictment." After some
other remarks of a similar aarure, tbe writer pro^