Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

2 THE COUKIEK. BY J. G. M’WHORTER. TERMS— r his Paper «» publish'-d fivery MONDAY, \VKD\ESn\ ami FRIDAY Uteraoon, at S(F p«r an niifn nnvable in advance* COUNTK.V PAPER—Published every FRIDAY afternoon 1 at $3 per annum, in advance, or $4 at the expiration of thoyoar. . ‘ . , „ , IP» iSo Subscriptions received for less tune then sin mouths. ’ O' ADVERTISEMENTS not exceeding a square will be insertadthe first time at 75 cts. per si pi are and 37 1-14 for each continuance. Advertisements of one square, published JfctUly * at 7o cents tor the first insertion, anil 50 cents, for each con tinuance. . persons advertising b. the year wi'l be charged JO dollars including .(.ascription and will be entitled to one square in each paper. . .' r When persons have Standing advi rtisements ot severat *° m t,rc " C AUadvcrtitemetits must have the number .narked on them; otherwise they will be inserted tit! tor B!ir WNra.'cf.l?RKss»r public otfioers, will have 25 per cent, deducted in their lav-or, From the Baltimore Patriot* THOUGHTS OX PARTING. Come lei’s retrace the joyous Hours, When Hope o’er Friendship's golden dream, Smil’d sweetly; as the laughing flowers That bloom beside some sunny stream. For darker years may n'l their gloom Around that Heart so happy n->w; And ’lime may blanch the yrtuihtul bloom*, That sparkles o’er that dazzling brow ! For, who can ope the Book of Fate And read He dark, and mystic leaves? What Eye*#r Heart dare penetrate The web of wae that Sybill weaves? Perchance, on some far distant shore, {Whitherour wayward Fortune tends) Again we’ll meet—but lose no more— Forgetting that we once were Friends, For mournfully the Poet sings, That Friendship’s but an idle name;— _ And even the tint on Love’s bright wings, Is never for an hour the same! But no!— 'ils vain—our souls nrc one Though Climes, or Fears or Oceans sever— Hearts that have lov’d as our’s l ave done, Like streams once met—roll on forever! C. rover of Beauty —Laws were never made for pretty women. A youthful fe male, adorned wi li'grnre and loveliness, like the Sovereigns of Europe, can do no wrong. The Nfjmr York Courier and Enquier states that a .fashionable dressed female, only twenty years of age, was FSTeTy-'M^mined by the sitting magistrate* on achargeHTstoaling a worked cap from the door of a dry good store. The theft was fully proved. Bui her brauty and a flood of tears procured her release , with an admonition that if she was ever found repeating her offence, she would be sent to the Penitentiary. Among the prizes awarded oy the Paris Academy of Sciences, at their hrst sitting was 'he following To Israel Robinet, workman, for the substitution of the ac tion of a machine for that of ihe human Jungs, in glass blowing, 8,000 francs* Bv means of this valuable invention, the health to the glass blower will in future be preserved, and the product of his man ufacture greatly improved, both ns regards accuracy of form and the capability of ma king articles of greater dimensions than was formerly possible.” The Great Canal of Goctha.— This magnificent water line, which passed through the heart of Sweden, and unites the North Sea and the Baltic, was opened wi h great solemni’ies 6n the 26 : h Sept, lest. 1 1 will admit vessels drawing nine feet and a half water, and two aud-twenty feet in width, and they make the passage wito the Baltic in eight days, with the. aid of steam boats across the lakes, which oc rur on its line. It has been two-and twenty years in construction, and cosa rather more than $lO 480,000 of which $6,378,334 were contributed by the State. . STEAMCARRIAGE. S >me norice has been taken by the pub lic press, of tHe arrival of a steam coach n» Birmingham, from Southampton, on the 14 h inst. We have since been favored, with some particulars by a gentleman, whose zeal induced him to become i*ue pi the party in this novel and successful ex perimental journey. This coach is the invention of Messrs. Ogle, & Summers, of Southampton, who,, after a most serious expenditure of time and money, have at leng It accomplished the desideratum of a jnoving power by which carriages can be propelled on the common roads of the country with speed and without smoke.— The first attempt was from Southampton to Oxford and Birmingham. During its first progress there was considerable diffi culty in regulating the speed down hill, the mach’oe having at one time hurried it down a declivity at a most enormous rate, probably fifty miles an hour. Captain Ogle, by his nerve and management, steered it, notwithstanding, with petfect ease. This has been amended, and the vehicle was seen leisurely proceeding down long Compton Hill, at a steady rate of about seven milus an hour: a rate slow er than that withjwhich it ascended Lev eridge Mill. Through the twrtous wind ings of Shipstone, too, ii proceeded at a b«nt ten miles an hour with the greatest precision. Perhaps a finer sight has rarely been soen than its s arting for Oxford. The intention had been know previously, and being the day of St. J lies’* Fair, the place was thronged with thousands of visitors; & as the ponderous machine was prepar ing to start from the Star Inn,<hc descrip tion of the car of Juggernaui rushing on its votaries, was strongly brought to mind. It commenced at about ten miles an hour, accelerating its speed at about 14 miles to the utmost. o,u tfie whole line of its jour ney it was delay ed fiom the badness of q laljty, or actual rant of coke and the time taken up in charging the t; nk-—mat ter of detail, which a regular establish ment will easily correct. When the eountiy through whictf the experiment has been made is considered, as regards irregularity of level and variety of omteiial of which the roads are compo sed, it must be thought a most successful attempt. 11 singularl v happened that i lie coke was expended and the steam down, at the very moment it reached Birming ham ; the zeal of the populace, however, supplied the warn, and i' was hauled with cheering* to the Hen and Chickens where its 22 inmates took op their quarters. When its speed, rocuritj, power, and freedom fioin smoke are considered, as well as the road it has travelled, we may boldly assert, that the invention of Messrs. Ogle & Summers is worthy of the highest support, and this, we trust it will receive. It is a common observa tion with Engineers, that "Steam is still in its infancy:” and truly does this essay corroborate the truth of it. We believe that the patent boiler of Messrs. Ogle Sc Summers, is the main cause of their success, as containing the greatest possible heating surface within the smallest possible space, without any danger,although worked at 200 pounds on the squaro inch, and capable of bearing 294 pound*;. in fact, this boiler presents 298 feet heating surface, and the pressure of two hundred lbs. to the inch, exhibit? upwards of nine millions of pounds of pressure, without the slightest danger ! The cylinders are 12§ inches in diame ter, with metalic pistons; and the whole of the machinery is carried horizontally under the body of the carriage. This information we thit*k worthy the attentive consideration of machinists io general, and particularly the great couch proprietors of the United Kingdom.— Bell's ( London ) Weekly Messenger. Petersburg, (Vir.) Feb. 12. RAIL ROAD. Our citizen* have been for some time past anticipating a visit fretn a number of the numbers of the Legislature, who were generally invited to make an excur sion on the Petersburg Rail Road. Yesterday we were gratified by the ap pearance ot about forty members, who with about an equal number of our Citi zen* and of Traveller*, took their depar ture from the Company’s depot on Wash ington street, at 9 o’clock, on a train of 5 coaches and cars. The party reached Bolfield s«>mo time before the dinner hour and after a- pleasant repast, resumed their seats on the carriages at 3 o’clock. Tiie locemotive Roanoke, then partially displayed its power and reUcity, by re turning to the depot in Petersburg, a dis tance of 41 mile*, in two hours and six minntes—of which time 8 minutes were occupied by two stopages to replenish fuel and water. It is believed that the same distance has never before been per formed in the »ama time on any other /fail Road—4l miles in aft hour and 58 minutes. Not the slightest accident or interrup tion took place, until on entering the Town, a negro man attempted to run in front of the Locomotive, which struck him and lie survived but a few hours. From the Petersburg Intelligencer. THE TARIFF QUESTION. In the list of the revolutionary wor thies, of Virginia, few names are mere conspicuous & imposing than that of Go mono Pondleton. Mr. Wirt covers ii in his life of Patrick Henry, with a pro fusion of his most brilliant,superlatives, lie represen a Mr. Pendleton as one who, whether in the capacity of a lawyer or statesman,had “few equals, no superiors.* A friend has put iutu our hands a letter of this eminont person,written forty years ago, on a subject which is now under the most earnest discuiion* throughout the U. States* Virginia, D-ecember 1 Hh, 1792. Sir: By my friend, Col. Taylor, whom I inentieocd to you at Richmond, I have to thank you for the two pamphlets pre" sented' me; which I have read with a ten lion »nd pleasure, perha|M for the most powerful of all reasons, that the sent!- . naonts in general coincide with ray own. A moderate impost on imports and ton i page on vessels; may properly be made part of every fiscal system, and 5 per ct. see'tied to have been_fixetl on as a stan dard of modderation by the general con sent of Amcaica—but the object should be merely revenue, uumixed with other purposes; so that if summary laws or other projects are to be tried, let it be by oth er detached laws to stand or fall by them selves: and let not the imposts be expec ted to answer all. governmental purposes however extensive; for that would be ru inous i* trade and of course to the citi zens, and they would yet be insensible of it, not knowing they paid the tax,although they did so, with large increase No, lot them at least feel this increased burthen, and they w ill then inquire of their rep if sentatives why it is laid, ants how the money is disposed of, as they ought to do, Laws which interfere in the private emplayment of citizens, and encourage one kind at the expence of others by pre mium-', bounties or prohibitions, are as im politic as unjustphey violate private rights not coded to society, and fetter occupa tions as well as barter of the produce of labor; both of which succeed best when left free to the will and contracts of these concerned. It is a fallacious argumeut indeed, that the agricultural interest is benefited by opening one new market for their produce#nd supplies, when the' acquisition is made by means tending to exclude alt competition, and give a mon opoly in both to the new agent —and is the effect nf those laws, the weight of which fall upon tillage; whereas when manufactures are left to grow out of the natural order of things, tfoey come to the agricultural market as new competitors, upon equal or better ternjr; and un*ill they can afford to do so without the aid of premiums, it is better fur them and the community too, that they should remain in tilling the earth. I cannot conceive any reasoning, however specious, which is less solid, ihau a kind I have frequent' ly met withy "that the whole price paid for imported articles, which might be made here is lost to the community,” which is fully refuted by n familliar case put to prove iq A. is a farmer who has produce to barter for necessaries: a foi eigiter offers to allow him £lO for his pro duce and to furnish the article* lie wants at £B. B. is a neighboutmg manufacturer who wants and will allow A. f*»r tlie pro duce the £lO but must have £lO for the necessaries in exchange, either for want of skill or industry in his business—fur want of proper hands or instruments to carry it on—or most probably from the superior value of labor employed in hi s- Uandry to that of the other. If A. barters with B. hew is the £3 saved to the c< m uiiinity? Is it not obvious that trade with a foreigner would have entitled A. to a balance of 40s. in cash, clear gain to him and the community too, (who are as a body only interested in the balances pa id or received in ‘cash in foreign trade.) Now if the legislature add a tax upon ihe necessaries, of 40*. to prevent the foreign er from underselling B. they no< only im properly intermeddle with the private dealings of A. and B. but in plain English tax A. 40s* a year to save B. from loss, for he gains nothing, haring laid out the sum in increased expenses. Is this just, or consistent with the equal rights of bath or for the interest of society! by no means: let both alone, and B. will eithei improve his system so as to save his 40s. wM-hovt loss to A. or take up A*s. occupation and gain 49*. and add that sum- also to the gain of the community. Signed, EDMUND PENDLETON. Congress of the United States. IN SENATE. Saturday, Feb. 16. SPECIAL* ORDER The Senate proceeded to the consider ation of the Special Order, being the bill to provide further for the collection of the duties on imports— Mr Calhoun returned and spoke more than nn hour in conclusion. Mr. Webster then rose, and addressed the Senate until 8 o’clock, when a recess toek place until 5 o’clock, at which hour Mr. W. resumed and *poke till past 8. The press of the immense eoncourse of both sexes which filled the galleries, tho lobbies, and even the floor of the Senate chamber, during the everting sitting, wa* greater, if possible, than it was during the forenoon. At the ciMiclu<i<*n of Mr. Webster’s speech, the close of which is represented as eloquent and impressive beyond even his former great effort, there was a spontaneous burst of applause from the galleries. Mr. Poindexter moved an adjournment; but the President ordered the galleries to be cleared, and would not receive the mo tion to adjourn until the order had been executed ; when. The Senate adj turned. LATEST FROM EUROPE. Sunday, Feb- 17, Half past one o'clock. By the packet ship, Henri IV. Capt. Cast iff, which left Havre on the 11th. we, (the Editors of the Mercantile Ad vertiser,) hive received Paris and Havre papers to the 10;h ult. Paris, Jan. B.—An extraordinary bus tle prevailed in the Money Market yes terday, and the different stocks experien ced a rise of from to more than one per cent, for which the only reasons as signable are the improvement in the Lon don Maiket, and the efforts of speculators. No political news has been in circulation that could exert any influence upon the funds. For m*»ney, the Fives hive risen 70 , the Threes 1 fr. 10c. Gen. Saldanha left Pat is on Sunday.— He is supposed to be gone to Oporto. Extract of a letter of the sth ins*, from Atvwerp : “Gen. Desprex has just returned from Brussels, whither he had been sumtnoued to be consulted as to the defence to be op. posed to the Dutch troops, which still threatened invasion.”—-“The Dutch flnet, off forts Lillo and LiefAeirsh«ck, has re moved, the apprehension of being frozen in. This morning not a single mast was to be descried. During the afternoon of yesterday, the cannon was heard repea tedly in the direction of Callao. The cause has Bot yet been positively ascer tained but it is believed that eur batter ies along the two shores of the Scheldt were fir ing upon the ships as they were taking their departure. Every prepara tion for war is still m-aking in the environs ol Antwerp. Letters from Holland con tinue to confirm the idea that this con tinues to be the intension of our enemy, and bets are being constantly made as to the day on which he will make the at tack.” The Brussels Journals of the sth con tain the following;—“ln order to prevent the quarrels which mig'-j arise between the Belgian and the Freuch soldiers, a great many patroles are on foot through out the day.” The Handlesbald of Amsterdam, of the 3d, gives the following from a private cor respondence at the Hague. •‘The English steamboat l’Eclair has ar* rived w ith, fresh propositions to the King from France and England.—These pro positions, however, are of a nature not to be accepted, and you may consider them as already rejected. A Cabinet Coun cil Extraordinary will be held upon them to day.” This Journal also contains a letter of the Ist inst. from St. Croix, in the proviuce of Zealand,say tog—“A skir mish has taken place between the Belgi ans and our soldiers, the former having attempted to gaiu possession of one of our kykes, in order to prevent, an inunda tion. Our soldiers.made a brisk fire up on thorn, and killed aod wounded several. Two of our men were slightly wounded.” HAVRfc MARKET— January 6 Cottons— ln-demand: Upland* have recovered from the depression maintained prior to the 25th of last month— fine qualities are most sought The sales from the 28<h Dec. to sth Jan. amount to 3936 hales of which 227 Georgia at 86 t« 98 cent*, 610 Mobile, at fo and Tennessee, nt 83 a 94c; 2232 Louisiana, at 90a112c. Stock of all descriptions on 21st Dec. 1832. 22 500 bales. Rice —Without demand, and purely nominal. Marseilles. Jan I.—Our sales of Cotton in December amounted to 1652. bates against 327 bales that arrived. Our stock is now reduced to 2240 bales. Our importations in 1832, were 68,- 820 bales—in 1831 the import was 66,439 bales; [By the York at New-York.] Liverpool, Jan. 7—Upwards of 4000 bales ere estimated to have{been sold to day at extreme market ptices, of which 3000 are America* de scriptions, from 6s<i. to Bd. Jan 8 —Our cotton market has again appear ed very animated, ttie sales to-day being 4000 hales, comprisin'6oo Pernams at 8$; Bahia? at 7|toßid.; 1600 Surats 4 5 Bd.to 5 3 Bd.; and 2000 Americans from 6|d to Bd. Jan. 9.— We have had a very animated de mand for Cotton to-day, the sales amount tonear 6000 bags, chiefly bought by the trade. This looks well, and is* owing to the constant receipt of pacific news. . AUGUSTA. WEDNESDAY, FEB. 2T. COTTON.—Liverpool dates to the 9*!» Jan. with flittering accounts of the Market have had a tendency to advance the price here full on the purchase? Os Saturday. The qunntity arriving, very limited, inferior to fair 9, a 9.J ; good 10 cents, prime 10i| a 11 cents. Freight to Savannah, 50 cts.—Charleston sl. A correspondent of the United Stales Gazette, who heard the first part of"Mr. Webster’s Speech says, ' that in the course of it, he drew a beauti ful picture of the efficient protection which a citizen of the U. States receives from the gov ernment of the V States, wheneverhe goes forth into the great society of the notions of the earth. On the eea he h protected by the stars & stripes, and goes abroad in the great family claiming and receiving more iespect th in he could ever claim and receive if lie went under the fl ig, or the single arm of any State, even if he had the blue cockade and the palmetto button to exhibit as his passport. We perceive that the Rev. James Weatherby , «f Washington, N. C. has been appointed an Agent of the American Bible Society, for the States of North Carolina, South- Carolina, Georgia, Al abama and Florida. The Revenue Collection Bill passed to a third reading in the Senate o» the 19th inst.—Teas and Nays as follows : YEAS—Messrs. Bell, Black, Buckner, Ohambeis, Clayton, Dallas, Dickerson, Dudley, Ewing, Foot, Frelinghuysen, Gtundv, Hendricks, Hill, Holmes, John s'on, Kane, Naudain, Prentiss, Rives, R"bbins, Robinson, Ruggles, Sillsbee, Smith, Sprague, Tipion, Tomlinson, Webster, White, Wilkins, Wright.—32. NAYS—Messrs. Bibb, Calhoun, King, Mangum, Miller, Moore Troup, Tyler.— 8. The Senate then adjourned. FOR THE GEORGIA COURIER. Rril-Way System vs. Sleam-Boat System. There is something so utterly tepng nant to the introduction of New Inven tions, that the authwr has hesitated for some time to state his views on the adop tion of the Rajl-Way System into Cities. It is a well-known fact, that whatever an imal labor is saved in the transportation of goods and in their manufacture and ap plied tn agriculture not only increases but cheapens the means of subsistence to mankind. One horse will c msume a peck of corn per diem, and the same will support a negro oneweek, thus the ratio esta blishedin subsisting a horse and human be ing is as l to ?, and it is hence evident that if the work of a horse is performed by a machine that there will be a saving to the proprietor equal to the subsistence of 7 negroes. In this city there are about 40 licenced drays whose horses consume 10 bushels of corn per diem, which same corn would for the same time feed 280 negroes.—To the person win* cannot per ceive how much moral and physical im provement w<»uld result to humanity by • ibstituting machinery for these4o horses, I would not envy the scope of hi* reason ing ability. I consign this pert of the subject to the political economist, while I proceed with the calculations : Augusta is said to be 2 miles in length, and to lay a double track of railway it would require abaut 5 miles for the business part of the city, which with the care, would cost $6,500 per mile, taking the Charleston Rail R o»d estimate and the 5 miles $32,- 000. The question when I have gone thus far is not how much corn can you save, but what profit can you pay on this investment T By way of illustrating that in most projectors astounding qnere, I will suppnsa that each drayman, horse, dray, license and feed cost S7OO and in toto $28,000. There can be no objec tion to the statement stoat they realise 30 per cent, on this $28,000 whieb is equal to $8,400. —Now if we are allowed the same on the $32,000, I answer that the profit will be per cent, which is not to be hooted at where capital goes a beg ging at 10 per cent. But there is another analogue, the Charleston Rail-Road is stated to be 150 miles in length and the estimated cest per mile $6,500, equal for the whole to $975,000. Now, in these high-pressure steaming times, a good stealmer can We produced for $15,000 — making the rail-road- investment equal to 65 steamers, which are to do the work of 7 steamers and save no corn. The regu lar traders are the stanch boats Edgefield, Augusta, Caledonia, Chaileston &> Ston ey and the packets Seabrook and Mon gin, 7' to 65,—.R0t t observe the Rail Road Company by their advertisement in the Charleston Mercury wish to borrow $60,000; and. if, they succeed they will have invested an amount, sufficient to pro duce 69 steamers, and establishing the rd* tio of 10 to 1 nearly. II they shave them selves at 8 per cent, the interest on sl, 035,000 will be about $82,000 per an num, while that on the 7 boats and 30 per cent, is $40,000 nearly, & not quite half that on the rail-road investment. The average cost of the steamers is assumed as before at $15,000 each, for the 7 $105,000. Now, if these facts do nol prove that a rail-way through Augusta would turn out a profitable speculation, then I will not say what they do prove but leave them to the consideration of Capitalists who may obtain the privilege »f monopoly, &c. from the Citv Council. AUGUSTA. From the Mechanics (London) Magazine. RAILWAYS IN PROGRESS. per utile: Columbia 84 miles long. cos> estimated at $15,000 Alleghany 38 do. 25,000 Baltimore II Ohio 340 do. 22,000 Charleston &l Hamburg 150 do. 6,500 RAILWAYS COMPLETED. Quincy 3 do. 11 000 single. MiiUnch Chunk 9 do. 3 050 do. Schuylkill 13 do. 7,000 double. LackaWaxen 16 incl eng.&ic 12.001) do. the whole length of Railway in prog ress is stated to be 974 miles, and that completed 110. au rusTA. fob The Georgia courier. Athens, Feb. 19. In reviewing the transactions of the few past weeks, I deem it necessary that the public should be correctly informed w : th regard to the various report* in ch cula lion relative to Nullificat’oii in Fiaoklio College. lain inffienced to such, a course of conduct solely by the consideration that such reports are well calculates! tu injure ihe college in the estimation of the community at large. As to the resolutions which were pub lished in some of the papers of this State, and which purported to have been passed by a majority of the College-—I shall at tempt briefly to give their origin : In (be first place a meeting of the Students was called by some officious gentlemen for the purpose of adopting Resolutions, Sec. — After a Chairman had been appointed and (he House called to order, it was pro posed that a committee be appointed to draft resolutions and to report on the and .y following at 1 o’clock, as (bat was the on ly hour in which such discussions could be carried on. This motion was debated for some time, until finally, the Nullifiers perceiving a large majority opposed to them, the meeting was broke up in a row and all attempts to do business, proved a bortive. The Nullifiers were then re ques'ed to remain ; ano'her Chairman was appointed and then the Committee was also appointed. The next day when the meeting assembled again, out of 3- bout 100 students about 45 or 50 were present, a bare maj >rity of whom voted for the Resolutions. Thus originated the Resolutions which purported to have been passed by a majority of the students. It his since been ascertained that there Bre 35 in favor of the Resolutions, and 65 against them, and yet it is asserted that alt the students are Nullifiers. Dur ing all this time the Faculty made the ut most exertions to put down every thing of the kind as far as the law authorized. As to burning General Jackson in efli gy, w hich has been so authoritatively an nounced in some of the patriotic papers of this State, 1 consider it necessary to say a few words, fu the first place, it is stated that he was ** hung and burnt amid shouts of applause” from all the Students Now this is absolutely false, as a g>eat many of the theories of the author of that letter are. It is true, that a few upstarts, ambitious of distinction, like Erostratus in burning the Temple of Diana, hoping to make themselves known in some way or other, did hang and burn Jackson in efli gy. When the effigy was hung out ofeue of the windows of College, which happen ed immediately after prayers in the even ing, there were indeed considerable shouting, but it happened to result from a large majority of the students who were playiugai ball in the Campus immediately in front of the College, t state confident ly that not more than 12 or 15 were in favour of hanging the Effigy and of them 2 have since been dismissed. When the burning took place (which was at night) not more than 3 or 6 were present, and they were so bold that they skampered in all directions as soon as the fire was leeched to it, for fear that tire light shin ing upon their countenances, ixrignt make them known and the Faculty should ex pel them, and yet it is asserted that Jack son was burned by the students “ amid shouts of applause.” These are plain and stubborn facts which cannot be denied, unless it be by some such a visionary as the ■■■ ■■■■ who comes up to Athens on a mission now & then to preach Nullification. I hope, then, that every one who has the interest of the institution at heart—who fee s for the prosperity of his Stare—who knows the successive attempts which have been made to put down Georgia’s only and be loved institution, will be active io contra dicting any of these injurious reports.—l can say that the few who were engaged in his ridiculous scene, incurred the dis pleasure of their fellow-students—that they were warned of the consequences of such a course of conduct—that the faculty and especially the President used all the means in their power in prevent any thing of the kind—these facts I have from good authority. If, then, there remains a single spark of State-pride among uur citizens, let it be shown in maintaining their institution, and never notice the silly freaks of boys for “ children will be chil dren.” Ii Plurihus Unum. fff* The papers of this State friendly to truth and to the College wilt please in form the public of these facts. By the judgment of the Supreme Court of the United States, delivered yesterday by Mr. Justice Story, the discharge of Thomas Watkins from imprisonment was decreed. The ground* of the decision., we believe, areerioror iuformality in the proceedings in the Court below, which we shall be careful hereafter to state more particularly than we now can. Mr. Wat kins was brought into Court Sic discharged. On leaving the Court he had not passed the threshold of the Capitol, befu.ro he was arrested by the Marshal, at the suit of the United States, on three Ca Sa'i. issued under the judgments upon which he was originally confined, and carried again to prison* This proceeding created, as might have been expected in such a case, great sensation in different pans of the building. A motion for another writ of habeas corpus was immediately made by Mr. W. L. Brert;, and is to be argued on Saturday next.— Nat. fat. 20 th inst. [ Correspondence Os the Charleston Courier ] Washington, Feb. 18. "This has been a day of much talking, but of trivial action. It was expected on Sa’urday Evening that Mr. Poindexter, who had obtained the fl u>r, would make a speech, learned, poteut and long ; but it was bruited about early this morning that he bad a pain in his breast, and that the bollows of his lungs w.ould not be able to v perf um their functions so efficiently, as to enable him to aarest and fix the ear of the Snnato for any length of time. Tlie re poit was confirmed when, at the hour fur calling the special order, Mr. Poindex or himself declared his uiifrucss to perform the task he hid coveted, courted, and got within his grasp. A variety of amend ments were then off-red, all «f which m-t the like fate, being voted down by lart>e majorities, producing no other effect than that of enabling certain political leaders to dttteucumbei themselves of a considerable load of sciimonious matter. AM the e motions will be found in tne ree.,rds of the day. Mr. Forstth n ade a long, and what is somewhat strange in the annals of his efforts, a rather dull speech, in which lie went into a history of a j the difficulties which had arisen between the U. Sand the State of Georgia, on account of the Indians ; and of the adroit part which ho had played in removing -„|| these did’ reh ces. lie was ful.owed by Mr. Millet, who Bssailed him in return, and afterwaids Messrs. Kane, Smith, King, & Mangum, made speeches pro and con. As th-re arc but eleven days for Corgre s 'o sit, it is a generally received opinion, that no Ta riff bill can bo p issed during the present session. The lasi hope of ill >se who have dreamed or deemed that the b II introdu ced by Mr Clay would give relfol'to the South, and peace between tlmm and tho other sections of tho Union, ik fading a way, as the few days between os and tlia termination of the session rapidly dimin ish. "At midnight the Judiciary Bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a thin! t me. Ayes 32. Noes 8.” *• White the union lasta, we h ive I ijh. .exci ting gratifying |>ros ( >ectS spread out hefore us, for us and otr children. B yond that I »e< k not to penetrate the veil. God grant that in my days at least that curtain may not. ri*e. God grant, that,on i»y vision never mty he opcne l whnt lies Behind. When my eyes shall be tur - ed to behold, for the last time, the sun in heaven, may 1 not see him shining on the broken and dishonoured fragments of a one.' glorious union a on states dissevered, discordant, bclligernot ; on aland rent with civil feuds, or dcfcnrhed. it may be, in fraternal blood! Let their last feeble and ' lingering glance rather behold the gorgeous, en sign of the republic, now known and honoured throughout the earth, si ill full high at! varied, if s’ arms and trophies streaming in their original lustre, not a strip*, erased or pulluled, nor a siii‘ git star obscured— bearing tur its motto no such miserable interiogatory as, what is all this worth I Nor those otli-r words of delusion and folly, Libertyflrst, and. Uu'on afterwards; but every where spread afl* uVeit in ebarffeters cf living light—blnz'ng on ail its ample folds as they fl <at over the sea and over the laud, and in every wind under the.whole henvens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heart LIBERTY AND UNION, NOW AND FOR EV EK, ONE AN DINS F. P AIU BL K ll’ebsltr “W ie •an iticny says Mr. Jefferson, impose* high duties on our pro luciiois, or prohibits them altogether, it may be proper for us to ilo the same, by theirs—first burdening or EX ’LL'DINtF THOSE PRODUCTIONS WHICH THEY BRING HERE IN COMPETI HON WITH OUR OvVN OF THE SAME KIND; selecting next, such mnnufurturrs as we. take from tlitin in great est qaantity and which at the same time we evu'd' soonest furnish to ourselves, or obtain from ot her countries ; imposing on them duties light at fi> at, but heavier and- heavier afterwards as other channels pf supply open.”—lefl'erson’s Report on the Pi ivi’eges and Restrictions of the Cnm mnree of the United States in Foreign Countries “ Such duties, having the effect of indirect eu couiagemnnt to-dbmestic manufactures of the same kind, may induce the manufacturer to come himself into thtse statts. where cheaper subsist ence, equal laws, and a vent for his wates, fr>e of duty, may insure him the highest profit* for* his skill and industry. The oppressions of 'due agriculture in foreign par ts wan'd thus be mads, the occasion oj rtliering it fram es dependence on the councils and conduct of others and of promo ting arts manufactures . and population at home ” And let it be observed, that at the period when Mr. Jefferson pronounced the abeve, as Secre tary of State, the prohibitions and exclusions of our productions in Europe, were not so perni cious as they are at present. Our flour anil bread stuffs generally were not subject to the rigorous exclusions that have so frequently pre* vai’ed since that period In consequence we exported more wheat and flour in 1791 limp 1792. wbpn our population wn» only a little more thaa 4 000 000 and when we were excluded'from* the Spanish Colonies, than, we did in 1828 and; 1829, whea it was above 12 060.000, and when those Colonies were apen to us. Philadelphia Rubicon. Mobile, Feb. l6tb. Cotton.— The receipts, since «ur last review, amountto4,274 bales, and the exports 2 662, leaving the s’ock on hand, including all on ship-b'>ard net cleared 33,911 bales The transactions of tlbo week amount to about 4,000 bales, and generally at a small advance on our last quotations. The higher qualities partic ularly, hare gained about c.—The lose foreign advices have added to the conli dence of large holders, who as yet. keep out of the market; though the buyers ma nifest no disposition to advance en the* quotations of this raoruing— indeed pur chased a shade under them., There is however a good feeing in the market, all that is offered for sale is readily de posed of.