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m THE REPUBLICAN. iayahmii, tcuoat a»*3tso,ric.8, 1818. -GEORGIA LErHSLATUUE. ■Extract of a 1-tter fom JWMprwfcf'tfuWrf JBri cember 2, 1818. ' “A bill calling, a conventioo-'-to amend; -consolidate ur tiew model the ronstitolinn • nf toe state of Georgia lias just been're- - ported in tUc seli-tle. This bill ' I “think * has gone in ton late to be acted upon thj* itstton. Toe bill to dispose of the newly ‘■•acquired territory-obtained from the Creek .ami Cherokee nations of Indians is now “ before the bouse >d representatives as sent ’’from senate. The following !* an out line of the bill;—The land to be surveyed * and laid nil - in seven counties, to be called Early, flail, Appling, OwintuU.Wclton? Jrtcin, and Habersham. “The land is to be >• distributed by Int in llie manner following, to wits JMWr the surveying is completed, the governor-will cause tickets to be made *oul, whereby all the numbers of surveys in * the different distinct*shall be represented, ■which tickets shall be.^iut -into a box to constitute prizes, with others to he deno: -minted Manks; of which blanks theorem ‘ --her or amount shall toe determined by sub 'tr.-rctiiigrtb© number of .prizes- from the -.wholenumber nf draw* to whieh-the said lottery shall* be subject, -upon the -follow-’ ingji; incipVe4i that i»-«U say; etery'free tnal/vwhiterperwn ‘ol eighteen years of ■-agewnd upwards, being a citizen of ihe United Slates, and an inhabitant of thi* m utate ’three years immediately preceding the passagu of the act, including such a> may OR absent on lawful business, shall b* entklwiysHine'druwi every free mrfle per-: non of liktulescrqrtion, having a wife or le- ngitimate child or children under the age of twenty-one. years, shbll be entitled to twit. •’diaw*$ all widows With tike residence, ■ shall be entitled to one draw; all families! -oforphans esofotesaid, under the-age of twenty-one years, excepMnch-»» may be -entitled in tlieir own . right loa draw or; draws, whose lather-ij> dead,-shall be- en- w titled to one draw; awl all families of or' phans, consisting of more than' two, ■ wlirt ••'have neither father or raotherltving; shall- ^have two draws; but if nnt erceediugtwoe then such orphan or osphans, shall be en J titled to one ilraw, which shall-begiven in; ; tn the cuuifty and. district - where--the eld-; est of said orphans, orphan or guardian fe» - sides; provided nevertheless, that tire per- ton or persons who drew aprize-or prizes •in tire late land lotteries, shall-be excluded -•from an-ytpsrticipation in the present lot tery: Provided also, That the citizens of- this slate, who-come under'the jpro.visiontf -of this act, as above,contemplated,* am/ ..who were drafted in the late war against! Great Britain, and the Indian^ and refits' ■red to serve n tour of duty, either infer-'- son or try substitute, shall -not be entitled ■ io the provisions of this act, as above conA stempiueJ, nor any of those persons- who *evaded a draft by leaving thestaterfor that t purpose. And ifany'minors should draw .land, that the grit fits thereof shall remain; 4n the-surveyors general’s offlce-until ’thtj -.-said minors shall attain' the age-of twenty; -one years, lit which time they are ■authors sized to make application to the executive -of the state for their respective .grants,^, ■•who is authorized to direct'tho delivery of, Sthe same, upon ttreir paying the fees of. r'grants. The list of persons entitled to -draw, shall -be taken and made out, within', ■sthree months from the passing of thelaw,- tbv fit. and properperson orpersons, as the-, •.inferior court of each c’ountj in tliis .state, -shall or may appoint for that purpose.— The pereon or persons appointed bf -the- •inferior court, to-receive and-enter the; names of applicants, entitled to draws-in sthe present'lottery. Shali receive for each -draw so filtered, £5 cents. That as -soon' -as the lists of persons entitled to draws -in ■•the lottury,-shall have b^en received by the governor, he shall cause tickets wtoe made- ••oat for‘carrying the lottery into effect in ' 1 •the following manner, that into say; blank •■pieces of paper, equal -in number to the : '■whole number of draws,»to which tjielut-. ■tery maybe subject, and.as equal -in size; <as possible, shall tie-prepared, anti on them; vhillbe written, separately, the names of •the several persons entitled'to draws, and. \the designatory remarkswhich may appear . against each name, and the pieces of pay -.par so wnttrei on, shall be deposited in one*, ■wheel, and the-blanks and prizes oo piece*-; -of paper also as equil io -size us possible, tshall.be deposited in another whe»l, which prizes tone drawn lor, shall be composed -of each whole square or tract-of-land, and. -<al>o all fractions containing. according to ■the return iff the surveyor or surveyors, •two hundred acres or upwards, and t'rnm ; •each wheel, as nearly affhe same time as: •can be, one ticket shall be taken and de-- ‘livered trUidmianffgers appointed to «B-“‘ periutend the . drawing -of said lottery, whose duty it-is to have the name, if a prize sHuiild be drawn against it, entered •io a book to be provided for that purpose. AJi persons who may drew lands shall be; entitled to receive grants for the same, •vesting so them fee simple tides on paying Unto the treasury •J'thisetate, the sum mf -eighteen dollars for each tract so drawn .ami granted. -Lots No dO and 100 arc re- -Served and set apart in each district for the -duo non of poor children, and -the a-lvanceinetit of literature in this sUte— T-i r prode-ds-also arising from the Bales ol'.tihe tractions, if there may be any after defraying tlie'necessary expenses, are set; sport »s a permanent land fur the educa tion of this pour, and encouragement ol li ters tone-in Georgia. These are*the lead- in* features nr the bill as agreed t* by se- -.-anie. The house of -representatives -wiU make sonic amendments; but I do notthink will alter materially the ahape-of the toil! above delineated.” The Augusta Chronicle, Of the 5th it «3n Thursday ereouig Ust, within a few mile* of tllut place, t!>e hones in the Savannah stage took tfright,rim fora fewpsces and stnfckd against a itaee; there were ten passengers-in the stage at the timr, tlirte tf whom trrr«everely and -danger ously injured—af reral of tlie others were-slighuy injured. Ho blame, we understand,.is attached to the driver. — : - Cotton, at Augusta, on die 5lh in*J. was quoted at 2H cts; Tobacco g3 a 12; Kloilr, new.13 a IS. Corn, busl»:l SO; Stesll 75 a 2. COUNTRY PRODUCE. -SATannaa—aaaa rajcai van oar. S cts- S Cts Rice. peflCOlbj. 6 75 a 6 87j Com, per bushel, 1 15 Cotton, sea-island, prlb 55 a- 58 Ditto, up-Iandi- do. 27 * 28 Tobacco, leaf, per lb. • 12 a 15 Flour, per barrel , - M a 10 50 'GRAND EODGE OF GEORGIA ■At' a Gaaau'QcABTaaur Coaimnca-riox held yestefday, tlie following brethern were unnanim- ,.u»ly elected for the ensuing Masonic year:— T-.U P. CMUiof. Gmad mater. A Nichols fhpuif Grand muter. J. (.crass Senior.G'tntd tPardtn. T S. Fell, Junior Grand tf arden. Kev Waetob CaAHSTOv. Grand Chaplain. P. P. Tbowaeeov, Gr..nd Treatuner'. T.N. Mobil. Grand terretarg. The Grand Ma*terand Senior G VV. appointed Jans ISELaaaoia. Senior Grand Heacw, L H. Keortk, Jnn-o- Grand Oraeon-. Grand Jttuardt, Bre thren J.B GiooHi and Ieaa« DyLio* The following resolutions were proponed and agreed to: That the anniversary of St Inlio. will be celebrated on Monday the 28th of December; and'thaishe corair.ittee of ariangement and gmnu atuards do engj*e-a,dinner for the occasion. 1 hat the Grand Lodge will meet at S o'clock of the forenoon of that oat for the transaction of bu shims, and receive the different Lodges at 11 o'clock-a ?i where a iftocessio - w.li be formed for the purpose of attending divine service. Extract, from the niduiee. -T. N. Morel, grand xtc'ry. ■'FOB THE SAVAXSAH BEPCBLICAH. THOUGHTS O.VOUIt B^WKl.YG SYSTEM AND EAST-INDIA TBADE. ? At a season when the bank* throughout the nmon are curtailing their discounts and gradual ly preparing, by every prudential amngemeiv, ,o rneet c criei), which it is acknowledged on all sides is rapidly approaching, it will do no injury, d it produce no good, to investigate the causes which licve led to it. The conflict of opinion may provoke a-discussionfrom which good can not fait to result -The attention of the existing congress-may be called to a matter of such vital importance to the present and future prosperity ofjdte country; and thereby some edequate remedy be prepared to meet and-correct the evil. The desire of producing a discussion, from which so much benefit may eventuate, it is hoped may serve as ah apology fur the present humble attempt, and for chasing positions which, in the present state of the public feeling, wear some thing of the appearance of Paradoxes. The first position assumed then, is, that thr present embarrassed situation of commerce andot the banks, proceeds from an actual deficiency of, specie capital—without adulating that the issues of notes by the banks have, in any great degree, exceeded what was actually required for publit benefit and convenience. .The issues of a bank ate nothing more nor less than the exchange of its own note* on demand', for those on time of individuals, who are willing to pay the required discount, .as a boon for the wider extended t ange of credit of the bank;—and the specie required to be deposited in it* vaults by its charter -was originally intended only for the security of the public, as a-pledge to make good the losses which may occur,—in the inter change of its notes with individuals. . . ;r. . If every note that -was issued by the bank wa- represented by it* exact amount in specie -why have any bank at all'/ But the case is diflWent as it should be; the charters granted to banka restrict their issues or exchange of notes to three <>r four times the amount of specie actually dcposited'ln their vaults; underthe presumption that no crisis ii> commerce or conjuncture of political affairs, is a- suddenly to arise as to call at once for the specit pledge in deposit. In a season of prosperity, when produce is high, almost every other species of property becomes proportionately enhanced in value.—certainly a larger amount of circulating medium is required for commerce and conveni ence, than When the state of -the country is less prosperous Mil produce of less value. It would then-be no crime-in any bank to issue its notes in compliance with its own interest and the pub lic wants and conveniencies;—and if that public is bard pressed in making the exchange of notes In order to preserve the credit of the hank, no; blame is -certainly imputable to the bank if its necessities xrise from causes proved to be beyond its controul. Such a necessiiy.might occur to an individual 'bank, at a season of the greatest, prosperity, by the combination of any set of men to rnske a tun upon it, to take away its specie;— and d! the inconveniencies we are now suffering under, proceed from a general run upon ail the banks to withdraw their specie;—as it is become, the only medium for psyiog for Asiatic luxuries, which we must soonJeam to dispense with, un less we-can find tome oilier mode of procuring' them- ’What difference would it have made if. every bank note in the union had been converted. into Sts correspondent-Value .'in specie—if one' ■enth-part of the whole amount was annually sent' out ofthe country .and none was coming in? How : long woul<f the capital have lasted? And would, not its .gradual - dimunition -be as sensibly felt as 1 it is-it present;? The evil then with which we. are to charge the banka, are for bavingfumishttT tbe<eredit by which their foundations weae sap-' ped,—and <u bring instrumental in concealing so : long,(from observation, the mine, which, without; c m.vieraction, is so soon to explode in so terrific s -manner. Our banking system has been lixenedto that of .tnenls—untilHiiey are m a s.tusflimi to afford some remuneration. At thv first settlement or these states, our forefathvs mnst probably toot upon credit the axes w- • whidttliey levelled the forest, and the ploughs with winch they turned their first furrows- This ctjdit was derived Tram the rapitxl of the parent country; but after the first dif ficulties Were overcome, and our agriculture and commerce' had created a spare capita! of our own.- the banks took the place of the English capitalists;—and, by ihe facilities whit* they for- nished, enabled the cultivator of tlie land to con tribute Us surplus produdt 3* an article of export, sad tbtf builder of the.ship to earn her coat by tier freight. It ws* the credit, thus given, which nerved the arm uf enterprise, which called inerbon into action; and by {he facilities it afforded, baa occasioned our country to grow in a manlier it never could have done had it awaitecl Ihe slow and gradual process of actual increased capital The farm then is cleared, and yields its snperabui. dance: the ship is built and ready for any voyage is it the fault of the bank that no consumption can be found for-the former—nor employment for the latter? No:-wk have got to look to an other cause. But before we quit this subject, let us advert to the charge against bank paper of the artificial or fictitious value, which its superabun dance gives to property in a country where it pre- domins'es It is almost sufficient' to say •hat a Miperabuu<laOi-.e of (he precious metal: would bare precisely the same effect But at -«ll events, in an agricultural country, the evil bears no proportion to what It does, in a ma- nufacturing olie; because tha products of the earth cannot, be competed with in the sam manner as the produce of labor. It the superabundance of the former in any Aurntry is riot waiting to sup. ply s deficiency in ai.oliur it is immaterial whether its value at home be 5 or iO ■ If it be wanted, it will find its way at somewhat near tlie value; and The bniy difference wiU he, as it lus been ir. these states for1| or S . ear, back: that the merehaw or exporter wil* have nothing for his trouble but a little loss—while the act-ml value notwithstanding concentrates in thecon ary Vhi. orinciple might almost, by analogy,-be extended to the manufac • uring country if we can-judge by the examplt- of Britain when its bank paper was at-its greatest depreciations as, at that time, the foreigner who purchased her idanufacture*—-ought his profi. not so murh in their re-sale—a, on the.diicount at which h- purchased her money: and thus, as id liquids, the level was at once found. The difficulties under which we labor at pre sent proceed from' actual deficiency of specie— because the required proportion of it to represent the bank notes in circulation is nat ta be bad — t he time was. When this wks not tlie case—more has gone out of the cwvtry than has come into it. It is not gone to England because our exchange hak not lately been at a higher premium than 2 to 3 per cent—while the premium on dollars has nut been less than doable. It cannot have been to France since we are daily drawing from her five franc pieces. There are no other nations with which our relations are sufficiently important to have any effect upon u- in the present regard- hot the East-Indies and China —Here is the Mai slrome which is gradually drawing into its bane ful vortex the prosperity of our country. It is a notorious circumstance, that the export of specie o the east is far outstripping its imports in other countries besides our own The supply was drawn from its colonies, by Spain, in the shape of butte or remittances; blit of late we have heard of no Arrivals of rich convoys in that court'ry.— Not even from VeraCrue, the principal outlet of this specie, have we had any notice of recent ex ports. It is immaterial tc us from what the cause of this proceeds. In tlie island of Jamaica last year specie abounded so much in return for Bri tish manufactures, sold to traders to the Tterra Firms, that bills of exchange on England were paid for in doliars at a premium of from 12 to 15 per cent Now their scarcity is so great that these bills of exchange are at par or even below. Much of this specie thus exchanged for bills found its way in remittance to the southern states in lavruepts for cotton, and to the Bank of the Unit d'Statea under its European contract for the ar ticle, The commissariat.at Kingston was to have been supply ed by contract from Vera Crux with -peciefortile payment and expenses of the troops, Ac. in Jamaica, and many of the other colonies:— but a default took (place—imd it w»s Substituted by government bills at 30 days, which have brought no ip° r e than par. The deficiency ol llie supply of specie has been made mani'est: — it might reasonably have been ho,,ed that the de mand f<u' its exportation should not have been enhanced, but. is this the case? Has the trade t( India ever been so extensively known as it is at this 3eason,and is it not even daily augmenting? Look at the articles of Canton crapes and China silks alone: —As one item, they are swallowing up mire specie in their purchase than is coming into the country altogether. As if they, among man other .articles, were not sufficient, a large porti-n -if the sugar and coffee, which we were wont to pay for with our own commodities must be draw n thence by the payment of specie—and, as if all cause which operated on the banking system England -was precisely what- is operating on our own. a drain of its apscie. But its drain was to pay fdr the first article of necessity. Bread, at- a time when the iron hand of a tyrant had closed to then stiqn every granny .which specie could not open, ta-hopea, by that means to undermine the resources of the country which opposed to him' a barrier<o-general dominion;'and besides this, large armies had tube paid and maintained in the (insula, almost entirely with specie. It was then tnd that naak paper depreciated, and the evil was turther aggravated by the fears of those who hoarded up ah the specie they could lay their hand on. Events, however, stopt the drai-i. The i bank of Fngtand-ba* not diminished its issues.— Since *hen, however, it is known that these iden tical bank notes lave been preferred, even at a ; trifling premium, to the gold they represented,; and Ibat bullion, (which is nothing more nor leas tbsa our specie) baa been sold for this very same , depreciated papered drscoHw of 4 and 5, and even i ' more per cent. Jt was at this period our. mer chants found their account.in drawing thence the- supplies of specie for their India voyages, instead of draining the vanlts bf our banks at home. The re-appreciation of these bank notes, certainly de monstrate that tbeir lose of value originated from some other cause thin an inordinate issue. Let the evilibc corrected wuh us, and why should' not a. sisaiiUr consequence resub? But at all events, the situation of our country calls for c banking capital; inasmuch as its daily increasing growth and population necessarily require the meant of affording credit to enable the first cul tivators of the xml to carry on their improve- Lhese were not enough, rice and cotton must corny in for no small share of the drain. There was a time when these last mentioned articles, by their ex portation to European continental markets, serv ed to refurnish the specie for new adventures, but what is to be the return, when no more specie is to be had? The India trade from England is now laid open to private and individual competition. It has called for tlie specie we could once com mand;—because, iu the same articles, they are our competitors even upon belter terms. But, for one article, look at the importation of cotton in to Great Britain, from India—which has become so enormous a drain for specie—unknown in for mer times. Tske for example 200,000 biles for the-present year's importation, say that 50,000 were paid for in European manufactures, tlie re maining 150,000, averaged at 300 lb. each, only at 8 cents per lb* wou d cost $$5,800,000*—jj ut is a trade, however apparently advantageous at K resent it may be for England, which must ere ing correct itself, aa (bat of France with us will have to dp;—Tor, however much this bitter coun try may abound with five franc pieces, they ’will not always afford to farriisb its mannfactures with raw materials—especially when no adequate sup ply, of silver hi coming in from other quarters. It is now that we have to seek the remedy for the evils of which we have been endeavoring to investigate the cause.—To do this, we must go -beck to .the principles of .colonization, and we —— - Jf the. most Important objects " our country, was to find con- »*»• U Th? : lumersfor the manufacture, of the ,«rent coun- sumption of the product of their labor, could not have been subsisted or maintained.—Of coursri a country so densely populated, could not be sup plied from its own agriculture entirely with Its food and raw materials.—The wants of each coun try were reciprocal—and the exchange of commo- ditiesconstituted a trade between them mutually advantageous andbeaeficial.—This trade of course grew in proportion to the accession of popula tion in each country. Of the mutual relation qith and dependence on each other, no stronger proof could he adduced in illustration than the adop tion of the ingenious derice of starving our ag gressor into compliance with our demands—by suffering the superabundance of our products to' perish and -waste on oor hands,—and afterwards endeavoring to bring about the same result by re fusing to receive-the product of fib labor. The sources of our prosperity from the effect, produc ed by these two remedies or the whole of our population, are distinctly shown. It b evident our agriculturalists must hare consumers for their sur plus produce, erthey will find it, hard to live.—If the consumption theneofwere-to be foundath in Consolidating the requisite population for ___ ufactoring, it wotfid evidently bedoaeat the ex pense of the narigatioq, which will he required for its twuuportation abroad -—Let us then, turn our attention to "airope. It b manifest to every reflecting saind, that she is-becomtng too small for America;—the Utter b raising from -hire agricul ture more than the former can consume, qnleas in. times of warfare when contending armies' are trampling down her fertile fields, or waiting or destroying their produce.—If we can eredte*fre*h consumption,- our agriculture bec- mes re-irtvigr.. rated.—Why may we not, ina-rouch as we were planted here with tlie object of consuming the product of European labor, by a apecies- of inver sion, multiply Europeut population to take off our hands our surplus "commodities? Should we net find more call for our flour, cotton, tobacco and our other staples, if the myriads of people who are now manufacturing for ua in China and on the Banks of the Ganges, were transferred to the Banks of the Rhone, or Rhine-vr Thames? If the island of Cuba contains 300.G00. inhabitants, and tkkes from us yeatlr in payment of' the pro duce we draw from it, aeertain quantity of flour, beef, pork and endless etceteras; and we encour age her agriculture and thereby double her popu lation, do we not improve our own in a propor tionate degree, and at .the same time benefit our navigation? Every article then that we drew from Asia, cuts us short of aconsumer for our produce in Europe or the West-Indies; and tike* from our navigation, the profits of transporting'-our bulky flrticles and ifaw materials — And jrtt this perni cious unequal trade b to- be tolerated to leave our bank notes—no more than the re-jx they are! It is a fact that cannot be controverted, that the country whose evaporations return nolran refresh ing moisture must soon become a barren one. The remedy would not lay in the prohibition of the export of specie; because in the first place it could so ea-ily be evaded, and because if it could not be sent cut it would tlie less readily come, in Prohibit, then, in the strongest manner, the in>. portation into our country from India, of such ar ticles as can be drawn from Europe and the West- Indirs.—Require as aboon from Trance in return for the new incitement and spur given tqjier silk manufactures, that our vessels shall be put on an equal fooling V'i’h her own in transporting out bulky articles—one of which may, in a short time, became the product ofourawn silk worms. Thu Will compensate for any toss • f navigation to-In dia; and if at firs' we should have to pay it little more for our silk goods, or other articles now drawn from India, it would be with the produce of our own agriculture; without dmbarrassirg the affairs of commerce;—and, after all, as the trade between India and other countries may be le'.t open, employment will be found for the enter- pnse'of those vhSo could anticipate from il amp! remuneration. MERCATOR. From the Charletton Southern Patriot, ith inti ',/ THE TIMES. The distress of the mercantile part of tliis community is, we believe, without a parallel in times of peace “and prosperity. The scarcity of money is the loud and general cry, aqd the grand theme of com plaint, the banks, which have contracted their issues, owing to the extraordinary demand for specie, and caused, in conse quence,' a stagnation of trade which is almost unexampled. The particular causes which have led to tins state of things, though of rare and unexpected occurrence admit, we suspect, of easy explanation, and the elucidation is nRces- -ary to dissipate prejudice, should it even fail to suggest a remedy or relief We are indebted for the statements which fol low to a gentlemen whose situation has enabled him to throw on this subject some important lights. The very nigh prices given for'produce last winter'and spring, had given an in creased, nay disproportioned relative va lue to every species of stock, which ex tended its influence over most of tins At lantic states. The pressure felt trom the East-India merchants and traders in specie in the Middle and Northern cities, obliged the banks in those parts of fhe United States, to relluce their discounts during the summer, anil tilt consequent want of money depressed stock to a degree, that many thought unreasonably low. Stock became iu consequence an object of spe culation with all who had friends or could obtain credit in the banks. The discounts of all the banks here, during the summei and fall, were there- fore very extensive, because made on the pledge of stock at phr, and on the pledge of the best personal credit in the country, stock continueil to depreciate contrary to the expectations of ail. The want ol money at the North extended itself to Charleston. Bills of exchange and other Acceptances on thisqilace could not be readily paid for the want of funds, or even negoticated, because the discounts of all the banks were full. The pressure for money became greater as the winter ap proached, for the planter roust lay in his supplies for the season,and the merchant negociate paper for his. usual operations, the banks were unable to increase their discounts, and those who had speculated in stock could not by reducing their ac counts enable them to accommodate others. - No additional foreign funds had been sent into the country, as in former years, to purchase our produce, for the purchasers of last win'ter having paid too high a price, were stHI encumbered with their stock, and likely to lose at least 10 per cent. Some of our planters, who had credit, have increased the evil by li miting the price of their cotton; by draw ing on their Factors for supplies, and dis appointing the merchants who had relied on them for payments as soon as the crop conld come into market. In this dilemma our banks were obliged to reduce their discounts. With a com mendable foresight they appeared desirous to provide ageinst the drafts for specie by which had b een so much annoyed the proceeding wit ter; their design, to this end, was to obtain such gold and silver coin as was thought not to be suitable for the East India trade. But the greater part of them took measures that were certain ly not the best calculated for the purpose in view: instead bf sending a bill of -ex change to Europe for such coin as would have -increased the specie capital of the country,they contracted with the agents of northern brokers for the kind of coifi they wanted, which by agreement was ta be de livered here. These brokers obtained by different means the notes of the United States* bank, presented them at Philadel phia, and obtained the very kind of coin which was required. This* thry shipped •a to Ciiacleston, and obtained from the ‘ L with which this negociation was Red, Spanish dollars in exchange, they sold to the merchants trading to the East Indies at an advance of.8 or id percent. The monejrseotfrom this place lessened -one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and consequently our commercial facilities to a much greater extent, for the whole ot this specie was shipped out of the United States. The idea, of accommoda- t<n *V conducted .prove t Ju lian held out by the brokers delusion, and they'knew it wo to lie sa; it was. however, of very ration. The United States’ batik finding that its specie had beenserit to Charleston, and being under the necessity of keeping up its supply, found iitself obliged to de mand a part of tlie large balances, paya ble in specie, which had been due to it by the banka in Charleston, atleast 18 months since, and for which it had asked neither interest nor payment. The call, we un derstand, was not made suddenly, for no tice was seat to the banks of this city four or five weeks before the specie drawn from their vaults was required, apt! time thus given to prepare for (hat which was una voidable. A familiar illustration will per haps, go to show how reasonable this con duct mast be deemed on the part of thu United States' bank; If one Iriend had borrowed the sum of a thousand dollars of another, and after having been indulged iu (he use of it for 18 months, without inter est, could it be regarded as an unreasona ble demand, should the lender after the expiration of thy above term, say to the borrower—“As I shall have occasion in a few weeks for 2 or 300 dollars of tlie mo ney I lent'you, I will expect you to return me that amount and I will credit you with the balance until 1 shall have occasiika for t?” The case is precisely similar m re lation to the bank of the United States and :h-- b’.nks of this city; anil the proportion of debt which it has required of them not larger. ' It may be said, that the coin received from Philadelphia and New-Yerk did not necessarily ctime from the bank of the Uuited States, but it is well known that it .done of all the northern banks, has import ed such coin, and that ‘-the state banks must be indebted to it nn account of du ties and other collections. One bank in' tliis city has, with its usual good manage ment, followed the example of Die 'United States’ Bank in the above respect.; several amounts due by the state banks must depend on their own discretion'ok in discretion: if they issue too many notes, or discount beyond theii reasonable means, they must expect inconvenience and em barrassment, which will always rccui- whenevera similar course of overtrading is pursued. It may also be Said, that the state banks ditl not foresee that the specie which went to fill their vaults, would be drawn front the bank of the United States. We really believe it. They acted openly, and even refused a premium on their dollars from the very brokers who had dealt with them at par. This negociation hat therefore closed for the present, and the delusion most probably practised next at New-Or leans, as it had been before at Montreal and Quebec. Every such, negociation not only takes the amount exchanged from the country, but imposes on the bank trbm wltich it is originally drawn, the expense' of providing an equal ahinunt to restore its specie capital. The evil does not rest here, lor in a month or two aftef,the deal ers in speci- come back with hank notes, and demand that very gold anil silver coin which they had but lately given in aucom- modatin, and exchange it again with other banks not apprized of the manoeuvre, or sell it ata lower premium to tlie merchants trading to the East Indies, who npw find that it can be readily recoined at the mint in Calcutta. On tlie whole, however, there is seme reason to hope that the pressure is subsid ing. The prices of cotton and stofck have now fallen to about their value two years ago. The distress of some may possibly carry prices lower, but as cotton was' then exported to advantage, we flatter ourselvqt that they who have funds will come into the market and purctiase. The conse quent diffusion of money will, relieve most of us, and as it is probable that there will he no new cal) for specie for some time, tlie banks will soon get over the ^arm and embarrassment that the negotiation alluded to has occasioned. ^ rnoM tsx xinoxiiamiustn The money concerns of the ^habitants of the United Stvtes, and of tlie govern ment, in natural consequence, are not in the most desirable situation. This fact must by all be admitted, though it will nnt be conceded, by any, to originate in a want of means in the people or their govern ment, who are, by all the world, allowed to possess the most ample resources; and, . if such, as it cannot be doubted, is the fact, . and the evil still exists, there certainly is a cause for it- This is by some ascribed to a want of circulating medium, and thM- have devised means to supply the defi ciency. The National Intelligencer, pf late, has had some very valuable comma- mentions on this subject;., by otlters it has been traced differently. The only cause, however, is, (and ail who see, observe, and reflect, if reflection be at all.required, agree,) a want or deficiency-rather of tlie precious metals, gold and silver. Indeed, it may be said, that if there is a want of gold and silver, v fhere isa want of circulat ing medium. Be it so; wliile bank notes are their representatives, and, under exist ing laws, may be changed for them; that it likewise should be so, seems necessary, because desired by the mass of the popu lation. To have speeiepajd for bank notes; to facilitate the collection of the public te* vemrejto prevent the vicissitude* in mosey transactions, that is, to avoid the ebbs and floods of too little and too mucb money, it seems but required to enact a (aw fur the nation, of apparent untility in Ua oper ation, and answering all desirable purpos es. Men conversant in money operations, agree as to the ntiliry and practicability of a law, if it were enacted by congress, ta prohibit the exportation of American coin, and. gold ami silver uncoined, except plate and plaved wares. The law ought ' to be made under proper penalties—«ucb as; the forfeiture of the specie; the person al punishment of the individuals concern ed; their inability to obtain credit witk the United States; their inability to vote ■