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THE published every SA TVRDA ¥ .burning, /„ the Brick Building, «l the Corner of Cotton Avenue and First Street, IS THE CITY OF MACON, CA. BY WBI* IS- HARRISON. | TF B M S : m ' For the Paper, yi advance, per annum, $2. if not paid in advance, $2 50, per annum. If not paid until the end of the Year £3 00. * advertisements will be inserted at the usual mtes—and wheu the number of insertions dc- Mrcii is no l specified, they will be continued un tll forbid and charged accordingly, m trrAdvertisers by the Year will be contracted »it!i upon the most favorable terms. m (TT-Sales of Land by Administrators, Executors m Guardians, are required by Law, to be held on 9, .• t Tuesday in the month, between the hours A -enVclock in the Forenoon and three in the: Af -2r1.00n at the Court House of the county in winch So Property is situate. Notice of these Sales must E .'iven in a public gazette sixty days previous K the day of sale. . I of Negroes by Administators, Execu tirsor Guardians,must be at Public Auction on 2c first Tuesday in the month, between the legal »urs of sale, before the Court House of the county 3here thfe Letters Testamentary, or Administration oI Guardianship may have been granted, first g.v j* notice thereof for sixty days, in one of the pub lc'gazettes of this State, and at he door ol the Court House where such sales are o be held. <<rr Notice for the sale of Personal Property must A given in like manner forty days previous to Zg dav of sale. WrrTNotice to the Debtors and Creditors oian Es ■teinust be published for forty days. ■r-TNotice that application will be made to the of Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Ne- » IC9 mus t be published in a public gazette in this Sate for four months, before any order absolute be given by the Court. Wr >Citations for Letters of Administration on Mutate, granted by the Court of Ordinary, must S published thirty days —for Letters of Disinis- Spifroin the administration ofan Estate,monthly SIX months —for Dismission from Guardian- Sip forty days. j ScTTlU'ur.s for the foreclosure of a Mortgage, Itu-t be published monthly for four months— foi establishing lost Papers, for the lull space of TttKKi; months— for compelling Titles from Ex- S,,tors, Administrators or others, where a Bond. Ssbeen given by the deceased, the full space of Suite MONTHS. M’S 15. All Business of this kind shall veceiv pr mpt attention at the SOUTHERN MUSEUM Slice, and strict care will be taken that all legal Slvertisemcnts are published according to Law. ■ O’Alj Letters directed to this Olfice or the Minor on business, must be fost-paid, to in- Sre attention. TANARUS» A LITTLE ROUE GKAPE.” fji|lE undersigned, true to lus promise, again presents to the Public more data on which ■cy can safely base their calculations relative to the respective merits of the depleting system of the disciples of Esculapius, and of that invig orating and phlogestic one of which he is proud ■ be the advocate. ■Leaving the stilts of egotism and shafts of rid knile for the use of those who have nothing bet ter to stand on, and no other weapons for attack ■ defence, he seleits his standing on truth, and uScs such support only as merit gives him ; and for weapons, he chooses simply to assail the ranks of the enemy occasionally with “a little ■ore grape,” in the form of facts,which are ovi- Mutlv the hardest kind of arguments since they otlen administer to his quiet amusement by the terrible destruction they cause among the stilts liiil the ludicrous etreet they produce in causing fertuin individuals to laugh, as it is expressed in lomely phrase, “oil t’other side the mouth.” ■lie Mexicans arc not the only people, these days, whom vanity has blinded to their own de- Rts; neither can they claim much superiority id the way of fancied eminence and blustering Havado over many that live a great deal nearer hlme. A salutary lesson has latterly been giv -3 the former by the Americans, and the latter Ky ere long take “ another of the same ” ala dc Tai/lor. MAl'tcr the following there will still bo “a few left.” Georoia, Jones County, 1848. «Tliis certifies that for more than four or five ylars my wife was afflicted with a disease pecu liar to her sex, and notwithstanding all that we cJuld do, she still continued to get worse. The Plvsicians in attendance had exhausted their skid without rendering her any assistance till, in 1844, when she was confined to her bed in a .Sry low condition, I go! her las! attendant to go Btli me to Macon and lay her case before Dr. ■■ S. Thomson, who, without having seen her, Be scribed and sent her medicine that soon re eved her, and in the course of a short time rc- IBred her to permanent health. She has now ■cn well about four years and rejoices in the recovery of Iter long lost health FRANCIS B. 11ASCAL. Macon. June 22d, 1848. 1 Dr. M. S. Thomson —Dear Sir: —Deeming it jSdutv 1 owe to yourself as well as to the afflicted ■encrally, I have concluded to give you a short ■itteinent of my ease, which you are at liberty to Jublish if you think that the best mode of thereby Subserving the interests of suffering humanity. 1 hi May 1841, after considerable exposure to ficbl, I was attacked with Asthma, which pros trated me very much, and notwithstanding all that could be done to prevent it, it continued to •turn about every two weeks till in 1846, 1 ap ■iedtoyou. Between these attacks 1 had a very •*'erc cough, which led some of the physicians whom I applied to believe that 1 had consump -B°!i 1 applied to physicians of both the Alin ■«l and Botanic schools, of eminent general Nullifications, but all to no benefit, for 1 contin ■eil to got worse, so much so that I had reduced .I'nii being a strong, fleshy man, down to a mere •kcleton and could hardly creep about.—When ■applied to you, I bad but little faith in being though I bad witnessed some wonderful •salts following your treatment, especially the °f that crazy woman you bought of Aquil helps, in Jasper, yet they gave me confi ®* ce and by persevering in the use of your lyeaics, and as it were Imping against hope, »if?'” l ,' l '"'' l gratified in being able to announce .. , vc g°t entirely well, for I have had but c ig it attack in twenty months, and that was g I months ago. I have now regained about y ormer weight, and feel as strong as almost any man of fifty-nne, which is my age. Without wp.iragcment to the characterofthe other cures jB), J ,l j uso frequently resulted from your prac this’ r ° not - D'ink that any of them can beat Cun " r J con " rmc d Asthma combined with n lies w* . j Cfi | COU S>'. especially where the flesh Curo'iH las ' on S been classed among the iti- WS es ' Most respectfully,yours, 11. LIGHTFOOT. nii Mill continue* to treat Cliro th( i .it'..'(' 0Ml ® distance at his office,or either of tk om.ii , 1 0a| o |n g liouses, and at a distance w ho dent 10 l ' la ' or by private hand. Those «tlivcil .. rer l uire personal attention, are treated liiii'il m'l ars P cr month, thoso who do, at the |v must rat ° Tatcs - Thoso who are able to dur , 0 * «P 0« to do so, without variation from Jose ml ur| less a distinct bargain is made, W t r „, 10 arc not, will be treated gratuitously. Is must be post-paid, and addressed ■ fcb 3 M. S.THOMSON, M. D. Macon, Ga THE SOUTHERN MUSEUM VOLUME I. GOLD MIXES OF TIIE GILA. [W e extract the following interesting account of the Gold Mines of the Gila, troin anew work just published by Mr. C. W. Webber :] “in reply to your note of Feb. 14th, 1849, in quiring into the cause of my firm and long a vowed ‘ conviction of a gold and quicksilver re gion north of the River Gila, and midway be tween Texas and California,’ I can only give simply and frankly the motives of this faith such as they arc however, expecting others to allow the weight which I do to those issolated and fragmentary, yet singularly coincident facts and traditions which linked together make in my own mind a circle of evidence, sound, authentic, and complete, inclosing the great central fact that a country abounding in the precious metals —a fair and fertile country withal—well inhabi ted, jealously guarded, and partially civilized, occupies the unexplored Californian plateau, and that a direct line from the Paso del Norte, in Texas, to the Bay of San Francisco in California, will cut through and lay open this land of mys terious promise. Although no wliite man of modern time has penetrated this hidden land and returned to tell of its wonders, all the Indian tribes that hover on its borders, even those the most remote and hostile to each other, mingle with their extrava gant legends and wild traditions of stately cities —sis temples dedicated to fire worship—of an unconquerable race of white warriors—the inva riable story of boundless mineral treasures; and the declaration that none who enter their terri tory are permitted to leave it, lest the ‘white men of the cross’ should come to conquer them for their gold, as they did Montezuma. This distinct tradition of the fall of Alontezuma— and its cause —has been heard by every adven turer who has touched either margin of the un explored region. Emory's band note it careless ly as they skirt its southern edge, along the Gila, and Fremont was not left ignorant of these glim merings when at the distance of some five or six hundred miles he swept along the northern and opposite border of the unknown land. In glancing over the maps of North America, and particularly the Spanish charts of Mexico, I was also struck—since you ask of me the where fore of my long cherished opinions respecting the existence and locality of a yet unexplored region—with the blank unchanging record of a country nearly equal in area to our original thir teen States, placed in the most genial and tem perate section of the continent, yet preserving its defensive incognito, amid all the encroach ments of conquest, commerce, and religion, and even protecting its independence against the ex plorations of ambition, avarice, and bigotry. Can the power be utterly insignificant which has compelled even the resistless white race to write upon this broad area on their charts, ‘ The Unknown and Land.’ Around this unconqucred realm revolved some peculiar indidents which it seems to me have not received due attention from the historians of Alexico, nor in any case been weighed in a just connexion. Under the Inst of the Montezuma powers gold and pearls certainly—and probably emeralds of great value also—were regularly brought from California to tbe imperial treasury, but these contributions ceased with the change of masters. Expeditions and missions were sent with success by Cortez, and tbe sucoceding Spanish Viceroys, to subdue every other refractory province of tbe continent. Forts, churches, and colonies, were planted east and west, north and south, of the Central California Plateau, all around it was civilized or crushed in the conquerors march; but through all, this region preserved inviolate its veil of mystery. Every adventurer who passed beyond its borders—whether soldier, priest or trader, —was turned back in disappoint ment or swallowed up in its unanswering depths. Yet every one who has reached its border and attempted its gates brings back fragments of the same talc of gold and civilization. The Jesuits of the pacific coast; the soldiers from the Mexi can capital; the miners from Zacatecas and Du rango, the trappers from Oregon, and last, bold est and most inqusitive of all, the hunters of of Texas and the merchants of Missouri, all— from to-day backward during a period of three centuries, and attaining its borders from the most opposite sides and with the most diverse motives—each and every one has heard and be lieved in the treasures of this inaccessible re gion, in which still lingers the recolloction of tho late Montezuma, and abiding dread ofthe gold craving white man, who is destined, accord ing to the ancient faith, to he its scourge and conqueror. Cortez found Mexico half conquered for him by an old tradition. It was taught in their tem ples, and believed by the whole Indian popula tion, that a race of white men was to come from the east to rule the natives of the land. The apparition, of a hand of air-complexioned men clothered in arrow-proof garments of steel, and armed with the death-dealing fire-bolts of heav en, sealed the truth of this immemorial predic tion to the awe-struck Mexicans, and they bowed in the helpless submission of their superstitious fears, to the wonderful strangers. However this belief originated it is singular that it should have preceded the approach of the white man on every part of America, and that its active effect should to this day fortify the unexplored gold re gion against his advance within its limits. Perhaps this land, in which unquestionably existent edifices of Aztec construction still hear the name of Montezuma pronounced with rever ence, may have been tho cradle of the proud conquerors who swept the Mexican Plateau and planted there the golJcn empire which Cortez overthrew. If so, in this, their last unsubdued stronghold, the light and liberalityof American enterprise may yet discover the final dwelling place of their history and religion, and that will he of more worththan the ir glittering ores. WACO!*, (CA.) SATUIIDAV MORNING, MAY 12, 1819. There is a curious Indian superstition,familiar to most of the early Texan borderers, often told in connexion of the red race under the breath of white civilization. The Indian affirm that the honey-bee always goe9 before the whits set tler to warn the red man to retire and yield up his hunting grounds to the dominion of the axe and the plough. In 1620, the Indians say the first bees made their appearance on the Brasos and Colorado, Texas, and five years after Aus tin's settlement arose on their banks and render ed the Indians thenceforth aliens and intruders on their native soil. In 1845 a western paper gives an account of some trappers meeting with the pleasant surprise of quantities of honey-comb in the crevices of the rocks on the San Can Carlos a tributary of the Gila, and alludes to the Indians’ aversion to the bee, as the precursor of white domination. It is an idle superstition, doubtless, hut it is one of the voices in which the instinctive forebod ings of the Red Raec speaks its destiny. Leaving superstitions and traditions out of the account, these facts remain distinct and undeni- able. There is an extensive eountry in the lap of this continent, and now pertaining to our story, which has hitherto baffled every attempt atex ploration. The Gila on the south, the salt lake on the north, and the Sierra Nevada at the west, arc its outworks: and all the reports from either of these proximate boundaries, as well a9 thoso of the tribes on the east, towards the Rio Bravo del Norte, concur as the existence of a fine country with large edifices, an agricultural pop ulation, much gold , and a system of rigorous ex clusion of strangers, together with a sufficient capacity of self-protection to maintain them. The Ncvaho and Apache Indians tvho roam be tween Texas and the eastern margin of this 1 mysterious and unconquered region,’ say, that on a tributary of the Gila—whither they have often made forays, though generally with dis couraging results—the rocks are seamed with veins of pure gold, and that the sands of another tributary, the I’riesto, are yellow with its sliin inggrains; and this story has been so far cor roborated within the last two years, that United States" officers, whose military duties carried them nearly to the range of the mines, arc plan ning and directing expeditions to seek the golden treasures. The Spanish governors were certain of the ex istence of these mines, on the Gila, and des patched parties to find them; but one after the other, they were cutoff by the persevering hos tility of the neighboring tribes, and none of them, except Coronado Espejos, ever reached the interior of the Gold Country of the Indian legends. Official notices of the value of these mines and of the impossibility of working them on ac count of the ferocious opposition of the Indians, are to be found in the archives of Mexico and Zacatecas. In the missionary records of the Franciscan order of monks in the former city, the absolute failure of the numerous efforts to proselyte in this direction, “ or even to be admit ted to enter the country,” was attributed to the fear of the natives of being enslaved and set to labor in the gold mines, as had happened to the natives of the other provinces of the kingdom of Montezuma. A learned and eminent dignitary of the Cath olic Church in the city of Mexico, was pointing out tome the splendid variety of native marbles and crystals which graces the National Museum, and observed regretfully, that all knowledge was iosi of the place from which the Aztec princes obtained their beautiful emeralds —the gem sa cred in imperial and priestly rank—and none of value had been found since the conquest. I ob served that it was thought by some writers that the largest, the reputed emeralds of Mexico, were but common quartz crystals of a green tinge ; hut this lie declared positively was a mis take, as, besides the numerous and authentic specimens sent to Spain by Cortez, and still numbered among the most precious crown jew els, he had received from California a small un cut emerald, and a topaz of larger size, and both of groat purity ; but he conld only learn that they were brought by the Indians from beyond the mountains, where they were plenty. In an af terconversation with this estimable prelaw, in which I spoke of my deep conviction that the whole of North America, down to Darien, would be gathered into our glorious confedera tion before the close of the century, and that within a score of years the Pacific would be bound to the Atlantic and the Mexican Gulf with iron bonds, and the Isthmus severed to open a pathway to our ships, and thus secure to the Union the sceptre of Asiatic cemmcrce, he ob served that all this he believed also; and more than this, these events would, he hoped, solve the problem of the original seat of tho Aztec wealth and civilization, by unfolding the secrets of central California. ‘Among the old and neglected civilaad reli gious archives of this capital, and in the uncon quered heart of Alta California, more history is buried than has yet seen the light.’ Tho map of Mexico was before us when this was said, and the conversation touched upon the extent and character of the territory the United States was likely to obtain with the treaty of peace; for this occurred while our government was de manding at the cannon’s mouth that ‘indemnity for the past and security for the future,’ which Messrs. Scott, Trist, and the party tacticians, who ruled the Senate, forgot to mention at the time of settlement. I then alluded to the floating and indefinite stories which I had hoard in Texas of‘Gold Mountains of unimaginable wealth beyond tho Rio Grande, and inquired whether he believed in their existence ; and if so, how ho accounted for his ‘unexplored country’ maintaining its in dependence while the arms of Spam had so in- 'variably triumphed in still more remtne and un inviting regions. I remember his reply, for the geographical theory was n«w to me then, nor have I overheard it repeated by word or book. “ This central plateau is surrounded by an outer barrier of steep mountains, and an inner one of arid plains, with no rivers flowing from it to excite and aid inquiry, but is probably wa tered sufficiently by very small streams that find reservoirs in a chain of interior lakes like those which supply this valley of Mexico. Its inliab itants thus cut off from traffic with other nations, as the Tlascalans of our Mexican valley were found by th« conquerors, but provided for in all their wants within their own limits; —and warned, moreover, by the fate of the neighbors of what they might expect from the merciless Spani rds when engaged in the pursuit of gold, with foresight and success have resisted every effort to bring them under the rule of our laws and religion. At every attempt to do this, how ever, we have become more certain that this peo ple in the centre of Alta California, are more civilized than their neighbors, and not only pos sess among them mines of surpassing value, but still retain their old religion, and heathen tem ples, like those Cortez demolished. Our mis sionaries have converted Indian captives who have worshipped in them in their youth, and as late as 1836 the son of a female convert of that description, who married an old Spaniard, was a priest in Michuacan, and, as well as his moth er, was acquainted witli the present bishop of that State. This Indian woman always declar ed that in her country gold was sacred to the God of Fire, and was never used but in his ser vice, or for ornaments worn in his honor, but that it was so abundant that their temples were paved with it. To guard their religion and their country from the gold-loving Spaniards, they will not suffer one to enter their country, not even as a missionary of peace.’’ The latter part of the account was not alto gether new to me, as some years since I became acquainted, on board the packet ship Alabama, from New Orleans, in which we were both pas sengers, with an excellent and venerable man, who was, if I recollect his title aright, the Bish op of Zacatecas, and from him I learned many interesting particulars respecting the unconquer ed tribes beyond the Gila, who were living, as said, “ in partial civilization, and utter idolatry.” He had often conversed with some priests of na tive blood, who had vainly essayed to penetrate the “unknown land on their errand of faith, and who had actually been north of the Gila, and seen at a distance a stately temple or palace, surrounded by fruitful groves and cultivated fields, but were not permitted a near view of it. They too, and other authorities as well, confirm ed the rumors of the golden treasures of this region, and also mentioned the complexion of the inhabitants. Beforc the invasion of Mexico by the Span iards there was no mining science in the country and the gold, which greatly out-balanced the silvor in quantity, was simply gathered from or near tho snrfance of the ground, and mostly brought by porters from great distances in the in terior of the country. The preponderance of gold before and of silver since tho Conquest, is readily explained by the introduction of a more elaborate and thorough mining system. Silver is rarely found in a pure, unmixed state on the surface, and could only be produced, in large quantities, by the cruel and scientific despotism of Spain. The skill, implements and experi ence of European art, and the human force of thousands ugon thousands of the native popula tion were turned into the mines and then the ore was pursued into the bowels of the earth by the conqurers; and numberless silver mines that lay untouched and useless under the simple Az tec rule became immensely productive under the Spaniards. Gold mines were seldom work ed when found; and those distant ones from which the native princes gathered a ready har vest, independent of science, and without pene trating the earth, are now lost in obscurity. In the reckless annihilation of the native priest hood, and the sweeping destruction ot their re cords, the Christains buried much valuable lore. As if their murdered faith had, in its last death agony, pressed the signet of forgetfulness on the lips of its desolate and abandoned children, the most beautiful of their arts and the most cove ted of their gifts passed away from the native Mexicans in a siuglo generation. It scented to be with them a religious and patriotic duty to extinguish every light that could aerve their hard taskmasters. Art has lost their exquisite colors for painting, their gorgeous feather-work, their adamantine tempered copper; and science misses their historic records and their astronom ical calculations, while avarice mourns the lost secret of their mine 9 of emerald, amethysts, and rich beds of gold. For the fiirst two centuries after the Conquest of Cortez, the Indian population maintained a stern and desperate silence on the subject ofgold. 1 It was rare that either bribes or tortures could induce an Indian to admit that lie knew where any could be fouud, and thus these mines in the more remote provinces fell into immediate obli vion. The vague and traditionary evidence of their cxistance were not incentives enough to warrant the toil and danger of exploration and conquest, while those at home, in the midst of a subdued serf-population, gave such prompt and liberel returns. Some may suppose that the chaos and oppress ion ofthe Spanish Conquest could not so utterly extinguish the knowledge of excessive rich mines as to prevent their avaricious conquerors from bringing them to use, however remote their sit uation, but to this may bo opposed the undenia ble fact, that the locality of the emerald mines is absolutely lost, though their existance some ichere is as positively a matter of record as any event of the conquest. The same destroying ower that swept away tho temples, religion, the NUMUEK 21. social customs, the national records, and even the language and history of the conquered race in one overwhelming wave, annihilated also much knowledge that would have been accepta ble from its own interest. Light enough, and temptation enough, re mained, however, to urge the Spaniards to at tempt the sub jugation of the Californian basin ; but all that we know of their expidition is, their unsatisfactory results, and the shadowy reports brought back by the survivor*,of well built cities in the interior, and treasures ofgold in the en circling mountainus of the unconquerable coun try. Ori the San Saba, as well as on the Pecos, there is unquestionably vast mineral wealth, for merly not unknown to the Alexicans, but which nothing but the firm, stable protection of ou r government, and the enterprising audacity of our citizens, ran hope to wrest fron the supersti tiouscontrol ofthe Indians. Taking altogether and in connection these scattered particles of information, there is at least strong presumptive evidence that the mountain border of the “ unexplored and unconquered re gions” of central California abounds in precious metals ; and the recent discovery of gold-wash ings in the streams flowing from the Western Slope of the Sierra Ncvata, is another proof in favor of the truth of old Jesuit and Indian ac counts respecting the richer beds ofthe Gila. I saw, in the city of Mexico, blit whether in the National Aluscum or in a private cabinet I do not recollect, some quills filled with gold in fine particles or gold-dust, which, I was told, came f.oui the “ Indios Bravos” in the direction of Texas. It did not then occur to ine that a cer tain measure ofgold dust, put in quills, served as money among the Aztecs before the ponquest, as they bad no coined or weighed money. It is but a vague query,but it came to my mind with your note, my friend, whether the quill gold of the empire of Montezuma, formed any part of the tribute of those distant provinces which the Chris tian conquerors failed to subdue. The old church records of Santa Fc, and the original letters from the early missionaries there alluded to some powerful and intractable Indian tribes to the South \Ve«t, always, be it observed, pointing to the same unexplored region—“ who were worshipers of fire, and had exceedingly rich mines of gold in their country.” A century after,a United States exploring party found itself within a few miles of an offshot of this nation of fireworshipers, who say their fathers came, from the central region, and still retain a tradition of the golden glories of their ancestral valley. An' other party, while actually encamped on the Gila hear from an entirely different source, bu t one entitled to credence, of extraordinary quan •ities of gold picked up in the bed of the I’ierto by some trappers who were cut off by the ludi ans on their second visit. It was an oversight in Messrs Abort and Emory not to have verified these reports,as fur as time and their military du ties permitted ; hut even as tliegc observations stand, they are in striking coincidence with the stories coming to us from the opposite side of this central region, of a nalitm of sun or fire wor- - shipers, who possess boundless quantities of gold which they will neither use themselves nor suf fer strangers to approach. “ The Hunters of Kentucky,” an flnpreten ding but deeply interesting account of the dan gers and trails of a party of adventurers who crossed the continent to California, carelessly mentions the noisy morning devotion of a tribe of sun-worshipping Indians whom they encoun tered on a hunting expedition; and, by the way, that same unpretending hook gives some strong data respecting the value ofthe gold region north ofthe Gila, The problem can now be solved without dan ger of difficulty by sixty resolute,well-armed men* as the debatable land has at last fallen under the strong protecting care of the Union, and every step they gained in advance would be secured to them by the national force. Fremont and other persons have swept above, below, north and southeast and west of the land around which so many exciting taditions are clustered ; but none havens yet passed through it. Evco the parties at this moment bound for California by the Paso del Norte, arc following the known and explor ed tracks of Cook and Emory—though they run in part on the domain of Mexico, and as soot: as they are wfcll opened will he subjected to her exactions—in preference to keeping, as they should, entirely to tho north of the Gila, on our own soil, and in the lino of the gold mines of the Indian traditions. Two noble objects will be achieved by keep ing north of the Gila all the way—the conquest of mines equal to tho richest in California, half way this side of that distant region, and the not less noble gain of unveiling a mystery which has to this time effectually baffled both the sword and tbe cross in Spanish hands. The most direct route, on our own soil, to California, from sea, is now admitted to be from the port of Corpus Christi, Texas, to the Paso del Norte, and thenco directly by the head wa ters of the Gila to the bay ofSan Francisco. No party has yot taken this direct and American route from the Paso del Norte to the gold region because up to the present year there has been neither incentive nor protection for our citizens; but certainly there is no other that holds forth such alluring and brilliant promises to to a gal lant and united band of discoverers. Such a party would find wood, water, and game on their route, and they would be strong enough in their wisdom, union, and panoply of well chosen fire arms to force their way tnrough the Centralia—to give the region a name of gold renown ; aud if it failed to satisfy their expecta tions, they would still boas far on their way to the California mines as they could bo on any other overland route. It would he something to do that which the military array of the Uni ted Slates failed to accomplish—explore and opon for the common good the shortest and most BOOK AND JO3 PRINTING, Will be executed in the most apjrrorcd style and on the best terms, at the Office of the SCTTTHEP.IT I£"JSE’JI£, -BY— \VM. I>. IIAURISON. direct route across the national territory from the Eastern to the Western seas. This primary duty has been strangely neglected by our civil and military servants though as I can personally bear witness, it has been urged upon their at tention from (he.fcty commencement of the war. What we have learned, and what we have done, arc the results of private enterprise ; and if sixty brave, Intelligent, prepared men would under take the mission, they would learn and do more for their country and for history, in lifting tho veil from this unknown land of promise, than we are likely to recievc from all the epaulettes in the service. I must confess that upon these and similar ditional data, and the statements of white cap tives recovered from the Indians, I have found ed a kindoftheory that tbiscenlral basin, around which Fremont and others have made such swee ping circles, is inhabited by a semi-civilized peo ple, professing a religion kindred to the ancient Chaldean,of which fire is the symbol or the dei ty, and that among them will be found the type of that pyramidal architecture which some think the valley of the Nile lent to this Western world.' From the Mississippian. TIIE BEST PLANTING. Were the question to be put to you, what do you consider the best of good planting ? Or what do you conceive to be the requisites one should possess to be ra ted as a first rate planter 1 Would you say tbe largest number of bales of cotton ? Or he who makes the largest addition to his force ? These questions arc asked, not expect ing you to answer, but your planting and farming readers may think on the subject, and each answer according to his own bi as. One man is pronounced to be a No. 1 planter because lie makes more cotton than his neighbois. Another, because he buys the most property. Another, because lie keeps bis crop free from grass. Another, because he keens fat horses. Another, because he keeps good fences and good buildings. All this does well. But are all not ne cessary to constitute the best planter, and cannot one be even better than the above, and then be only on the highway to im provement 1 The cultivator who, by a judicious course of rotation and husbanding his means of measure, so as to bring his land up to a high state of production, must cer tainly deserve some credit. Whilst the large producer is wearing out his capital of land and negroes, to make heavy crops, and thus in a few years not only reduce the value of capital, but liis income, the one who improves his land, is improving his estate, and thereby fits it for a larger yield. Judging of men by their capacity to make dimes, is but a poor reflection upon the wise and good who have passed away. And yet, juding of ones fitness for the high appellation of the best planter, by bis fitness for driving negroes and mules, is even a poorer reflection upou tho living. The first and tho most important query to ask, when wishing to ascertain who should be placed on the highest pinnacle, might, in all probability be— Does be make an abundance of food for man and beast ? ‘ Corn is tbe stafF of life,’ yet even that should not be made at too heavy a sacri fice of human and animal tabor. We would then inquire, how does he work his hands and teams ? These are two impor tant queries ; without food, he will sin a gainst his Maker, his race, and the laws of the land. And to overwork he will do equally wrong. After these merciful re quisites can we place anything equal in' importance to —Does he improve the pro ductive capacity of his estate l A large crop is desirable, and is worthy all consideration in passing judgment; but if at too great cost, it would he a back handed gnr^e. Increase of property is praiseworthy— hut not so if the owner cheats himself, his - family, his friends, the public, or the prin ter, of their proper demands. Matty, men, to increase in wealth will live on a shilling loaf and a herring and a half a day., and render no good to their race or their coun try. A planter may be blind and forced to devote his whole attention to the making of a marketable crop, thereby neglecting his fences, gates, buildings, little improve ments, and providing many little comforts. These things must wait. To advise fine gates, superior fencing, convenient buildings, clean crops, and a generous living, for the man trying*to gee out of debt, would be to counsol the crip ple to walk or run. Wc hear someone who prides himself upon large crops, declare that Mr. S. is not a scientific farmer, because be lias not good fences and good gates. He never enquires into his peculiar condition, nor what improvement he has done or lias on hand. It is not possible that Mr. S. or Mr. Any body, can always have fencing and gates,. &c., &c., in repair; something must get' out of order some times, arid when money must be paid, some improvement must wait. Therefore wo should judge by the general appearance and the system and order. Siucercly, gentle reader, yours, CALEB Q.UOTEM.