Newspaper Page Text
EDITED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY
W3K . B . II A R It I so A .
CITY PRINTER.
[rOR THE SOUTHERN MUSEUM ]
Lines to Min Sarah Virginia 11
Like the dew upon the flowers,
Sparkling in the morning light,
Shines the Christian’s earthly pathway :
Pure, and beautiful and bright.
But the sun soon grows in splendor,
Throwing light and heat around,
Till the tinted drops of water,
Ne’er a trace of them is found.
Yet the dew-drops gently dying.
Steal the flower's life away,
And it yields its verdant beauty,
Incense to the orb of day.
Thus Religion throws its vestment,
Light of love, and peace, and truth,
O'er the cares and woes of manhood,
And tiie innocence of youth.
And when sorrow pours upon us,
Pitiless its scorching rays,
Oh how rich are we, w hose spirits
Then are calm, and smile, and praise !
Let our prospects he the darkest,
Let our woes grow numberless :
None can teach us to endure them,
Naught hut faith in God can bless.
Ere the sun of sorrow reaches
Half-meridian of woes,
Pure Religion leaves its lodging,
And to Him who gave it, goes.
But it takelh in its journey
All that fills the house of clay,
And the joyful, happy spirit
Flies to Heaven, its home, away.
Oil, how pleasing is the prospect
Os the youthful Christian’s life !
What secuiity from sorrow,
What a refuge from earth's strife!
Envy, malice, may assail thee,
Hatred poison well its tongue,
Yet, by faith in great Jehovah,
Will their arrows be unstrung.
What though earth attempt to injure,
Even Satan’s friend*control ?
They can only harm the body,
They cannot molest the soul.
The Omnipotent hath told us,
If wo in H is word believe,
Earth and hell may rage around us,
We shall not a wound receive.
Cli how bright the glorious promise,
Which shall stand when earth shall fade,
If we serve our Heavenly parent,
We are heirs with Jesus made.
Then let others mock or scorn us,
Let us prove that we are wise,
And, before our morning wastetll,
Seek a mansion in the skies !
W. P II
XUEVEU AND ITS REMAINS.
An idea of the great antiquity of the Re
mains discovered by Mr. Layard, of
which the book under the above tit'o con
tains a graphic account, may be known
from the following extract of a letter writ
ten by Professor Robinson, of the Union
Theological Seminary:
“For very many centuries the hoary
monuments of Egypt—its temples, its obe
lisks, its tombs—have presented to the eye
of the beholder strange forms of sculpture
and of language : the import of which none
could tell. The wild valleys of Sinai, too,
exhibited upon their rocky sides the uti
known writing of a former people : whose
name and existence none could trace. A
mongthe ruined hal sand palacesof Perse
polis, and on the rock-hewn tablets of the
surrounded regions, long insciiplions in
forgotten characters seemed to enroll the
deeds and conquests of mighty sovereigns ;
but none could read the record. Thanks
to the skill and preserving zeal of scholars
of the nineteenth century, the keys of these
locked up treasures have been found ; and
the records have mostly been read. The
monuments of Egypt, her paintings and
her hieroglyphics, mute for so many ages,
have at length spoken out ; and now our
knowledge of this ancient people is scarce
ly less accurate and extensive than our ac
quaintance with the classic lands of Greet e
and Rome. The unknown characters up
on the rocks of Sinai have been decipher
ed ; but the meagre contents leave us still
in darkness as lo their origin and purpose.
The cuneiform or arrowheaded inscrip
tions of the Persian monuments and ta
blets have yielded up their mysteries, un
folding historical data of high importance;
thus illustrating and confirming the few
and sometimes isolated facts preserved to
ns in the Scriptures and other ancient wri
tings, Os all the works, in which the pro
gress and results of these discoveries have
been made known, not one has been re
produced or r|jade generally accessible in
this country. The scholar who would be
ciine acquainted with them and make
them his own, must still have recourse to
the old world.
“The work of Mr. Layard brings before
us still another step of progress. Here
we have to do, not with hoary ruins that
have bore the brunt of centuries in the
presence of the world, but with a resur
rection of the monuments themselves. It
is the disentombing of the temple-palaces
from the sepulchre of ages; the recovery
of the metropolis of a powerful nation
from the long night of oblivion. Nineveh,
the great city ‘of three days’ journey,’
that was ‘laid waste and there was none to
bemoan her,’ whose greatness sunk when
that of Rome had just began to rise, now
stands forth again to testify to her own
splendor, and to the civilization, and pow
er, and magnificence of the Assyrian em
pire. This may be said, therefore, to be '
I
the crowning historical discovery of the
| nineteenth century. But the century as
i yet is only half elapsed.
“Nineveh was destroyed in the year
| <>os before Christ ; less than 150 years af
ter Rome was founded. Her latest mon
uments, therefore, date back not less than
five and twenty centuries ; while the foun
dation of her earliest is lost in an unknown
antiquity. When the ten thousand G reeks
marched over this plain in their celebrated
retreat (400 B. C.) they found in one part
a ruined city called Larissa ; and in con
nection with it, Xenophon, their leader
and historian, describes what is now the
pyramid of Nimrod. But lie heard not
the name of Nineveh ; it was already f r
gotten on its site ; though it appears again
in later Greek and Roman writers. Even
at that time the widely extended walls
and ramparts of Nineveh had perished ;
and mounds covering magnificent palaces
alone remained at the extremities of the
ancient city, or in its vicinity, much as at
the present day.
“Os the site of Nineveh there is scarce
ly a further mention, beyond the brief no
tices of Benjamin of Tudela and Abulfe
da, until Niebuhr saw it and described its
mounds nearly a century ago. In 1820
Mr. Rich visited the spot; he obtained a
few squate sun-dried bricks with inscrip
tions, and some other slight remains ; and
we can all remember the profound im
pression made upon the public mind even
by these cursory memorials of Nineveh
and Babylon.”
Speaking of his excavations at Nimrod,
Mr. Layard says :
“We descend about twenty feet, and
suddenly find ourselves between a pair of
colossal lions, winged and human-headed,
forming a portal. 1 have already descri
bed my feeiiugs when gazing for the first
lime on these majestic figures. Those of
the reader would probably be tbe same,
particularly if accompanied by tbe reflec
tion, that before those wonderful forms
Ezekiel, Jonah, and others of the proph
ets stood, and Sennacherib bowed : that
even the patiiarch Abraham himself may
p ssibly have looked upon them.
“In the subterranean labyrinth which
we have reached, all is bustle and cotifu
sion. Arabs a e running übi ut indiffer
ent directions ; some bearing baskets filled
with earth, others carrying the water-jars
to their companions. The Chaldeans of
I iyari, in their striped dresses and curi
rious conical caps, are digging with picks
into the tenacious earth, raising a dense
c mid of fine dust at every stioke. The
wild strains of Kurdish music may he
heard occasionally issuing from some dis
tant part of the ruins; and if they are
caught by the parlies at work, the Arabs
join their voices in chorus, raise the war
cry, and labor with renewed energy.—
Leaving behind us a small chamber, in
which the sculptures are distinguished by
a want of finish in the execution, and con
siderable rudeness in the design of the or
naments. we issue from between the
winged lions, and enter the remains ofthe
principal hall. On both sides of us are
sculptured gigantic winged figures ; some
with the heads of eagles, others entirely
human, and carrying mysterious symbols
in their hands. To the left is another por
tal, also formed by winged lions. One
of them has, howe'er, fallen across the
entrance, and there is just room to creep
beneath it. Beyond this portal is a wing
ed figure, and two slabs with bas-reliefs;
but they have been so much injured that
we can scarcely trace the subject upon
them. Further on there are no traces of
wall, although a deep trench has been
opened. The opposite side of tbe ball lias
also disappeared, and we only see a high
wall of earth. On examining it attentive
ly we can detect the marks of masonry ;
and we soon find that it is a solid struc
ture built of unbaked clay, now of the
same color as the surrounding soil, and
scarcely to be distinguished from it.
“ I he slabs of alabaster, fallen from their
original position, have, however, been
raised ; and we tread in the midst of a
maze of small bas-reliefs, representing
chariots, horsemen, battles, and sieges.
Perhaps the workmen are about to raise
a slab tor the first time ; and \\c watch
with eager curiosity what new event if
Assyrian history, or what unknown cus
tom or religious ceremony, may be illus
trated by the sculpture beneath.
Having walked about one hundred feet
amongst these scattered monuments of an
cient history and art, we reach another
doorway, formed by gigantic winged
bulls in yellow limestone. One is still
entire ; but its companion has fallen, and
is broken in several pieces ; the great hu
man head is at our feet.
"he pass on without turning into the
part of the building to which this portal
leads. Beyond it we see another winged
figure, holding a graceful flower in its
hand, and apparently presenting it as an
offering to the winged bull. Adjoining
this sculpture we find eight bas-reliefs.—
There is the king hunting, and triumph
ing over the lion and wild hull ; and the
siege of the castle, with the battering-ram.
We have now reached the end of the hall,
and find before us an elaborate and beau
tiful sculpture, representing two kings
standing beneath the emblem of the su
preme deity, and attended by winged fig
ures. Between is the sacred tree. In
front of this bas-relief is the great stone
platform, upon which, in days of old, may
have been placed the throne of the Assyri
an monarch, when he received his captive
enemies or his courtiers.
“To the left of us i 0 a fourth outlet from
the hall, formed by another pair of lions.
We issue from between them, and find our
selves on the edge ofadeep ravine, to the
north of which rises, high above us, the
I’iftp pyramid. Figures of captives hear
ing objects of tribute—ear-rings, brace*
lets, and monkeys—may be seen near this
ravine ; and two enormous bulls, and two
winged figures, above fourteen feet high,
are lying on its very edge.
“As the ravine bounds the ruins on this
side, we must return to the yellow bulls.
Passing through the entrance formed bv
them, we enter a large chamber surround
ed by eagle-headed figures. Atone end
of it a doorway guarded by two priests or
divinities, and in the centre another portal
with winged bulls. Whichever way we
turn, we find ourselves in the midst of
a nest of rooms ; and without, an acquaint
ance with the intiicacies of the place, we
should soon lose ourselves in this laby
rinth. Ihe accumulated rubbish being
generally left in tlie centre of the cham
bers, the whole excavation consists of a
number of narrow passages, panelled on
one side with slabs of alabaster, and shut
in on the other by a high wall of earth,
half buried, in which may here and there
he seen a broken vase, oi a brick painted
with b iilinnt colors. We mav wander
through these galleries for an hour or two,
examining the marvellous sculptures, or
the numerous inscriptions that surround
us. Here we meet long rows of kings, at
tended by t heir eunuchs and’priests—there
lines of winged figures, carrying fir-cones
and religious emblems, and seemingly in
adoration before the mystic tree. Other
entrances, formed by winged lions and
bulls, lead us into new chambers. In ev
ery one of them are fresh objects of Ci.ri
osity and surprise. At length, wearied,
we issue from the buried edifice by a
trench on the opposite side to that which
we entered, and find ourselves again up
on the naked platform. \V e look around
in vain for any traces of the wonderful re
mains we have just seen, and are half in
clined to believe that we have dreamed a
ill earn, or have been listening to some tale
of Lastern romance.
“In the centre of the mound [at Nim
i ud, J says Mr. Layard, “1 had in va’ii
ciideavoied to find traces of building. Ex
cept the obelisk, two winged figures, and
a lew flagmen sos yellow limestone, which
appeared to have formed part of a gigantic
bull or lion, no remains of sculpture had
yet been discovered. On excavating to
the South, [ found a well-formed tomb,
built of bricks, and covered with a slab of
alulms er. It was about five feet in length
ami scarcely more than eighteen inches in
hieadth in the interior. On removing the
lid, parts of a skeleton were exposed to
view; the skull and some of the larger
bones were still entire; but on an attempt
being made to move them, they ct umbled
into dost,—Wirio 4I»UPI fj. |
en vessels. A vase of reddish clay, with
a long, narrow neck, stood in a dish of
such elegant fabric, that I had great diffi
culty in removing it entire. Over the
nmuth of the vase was placed a bowl or
cup, also, of red clay. ’1 his pottery ap
pears to have sto. and near the right shoul
der of the body. In the dust which had
accumulated round the skeleton, were
found beads and small ornaments belong
ing to a necklace, ’i he beads are of
opaque-colored g ass, agate, cornelian,
anil amethyst A tmall crouching lion of
lapis lazuli, pierced on the back, bud been
attached to the end of the necklace. The
vases and ornaments are Egyptian in their
character, being identical with similar re
mains found in the tombs of Egypt, and
preserved its collections if antiquities from
that country. With the beads was a cy
linder, on which is represented the king
in his chariot, hunting the wild bull, as in
the has relief from the north-west palace.
Ihe surface of the cylinder has been so
much worn and injured, that it is difficult
to distinguish the figures upon it. A cop
per ornament resembling a modern seal,
two bracelets of silver, and a pin for the
hair, were also discovered. 1 carefully
collected and preserved these interesting
remains, which seemed to prove that the
body had been that of a female.
“On digging beyond this tomb, 1 found
a second, similarly con tructed, and of the
same size. In it were two vases of highly
glazed green pottery, elegant in shape,
and in perfect preservation Near them
was a copper mirror and a copper lustra]
spoon, all Egyptian in form.
Many other tombs were opened, con
taining vases, plates, minors, spoons,
beads, and ornaments. Some of them
were built of baked bricks, carefully join
ed, but without mortar; others were
I formed by large earthen sarco hagi, cov
j ered with an entire alabaster slab, similar
| to those discovered in the south-east car
1 ner of the mound, and already described.
“Having care ully collected and packed
the contents of the tombs, 1 removed them,
and dug deeper into the mound. 1 was
surprised to find, about five feet beneath
than, the remains of a building. Walls
of unbaked bricks could still be traced ;
but the slabs with which they had been
cased were no longer in their places, be
ing scattered about without order, and ly
ing mostly with their faces on the flooring
of baked bricks. Upon them were both
sculptures and inscriptions. Slab succeed
ed to slab ; and when l had removed near
ly twenty tombs, and cleared away the
earth from a space about fifty feet square,
the ruins which had been uncovered pre
sented a very singular appearance. Above
one hundred slabs were exposed to view,
packed in rows, one against tbe other, as
slabs in a stone-cutter’s yard, or as’the
leaves of a gigantic book. Every slab
was sculptured ; and as they were placed
in a regular series, according to the sub
jects upon them, it was evident that they
had been moved in the order in which
they stood, from their original positions
against the walls of sun-dried brick, and
had been left as found preparatory to their
removal elsewhere. That they were not
thus arranged before being used in the
building for which they had been origi
nally sculptured, was evident from tbe
fact, proved beyond a doubt by repeated |
observation, that the Assyrians carved
their slabs after, and not before, they ;
were placed. Subjects were continued
on adjoining slabs, figures and chariots j
being divided in the centre. There were
places for the iron brackets, or dove-tails. I
They bad evidently been once filled, for
I could still trace marks and stains left by
the metal. To the sou'll of the centre
bulls were two gigantic figures, similar to
those discovered to the north.
“These sculptures resemble in many re
spects some of tbe bas-reliefs found in the
sou'h-west palace, in which the sculptured
face of the slab was turned, it will be re- j
membered, towards the walls of unbaked
bricks. It appieared, therefore, that the
centre building had been destroyed to sup
ply materials for the construction of this
edifice. But here were tombs over the
ruins. The edifice had perished ; and in
the earth and rubbish accumulating above
its remains, a people, whose funeral va
ses and ornaments were identical in form
and material with those found in the cata
combs of Egypt, had buried their dead.—
What race, then, occupied the country
after the destiuction of the Assyrian pala
ces ? At what period were these tombs
made ? What antiquity did their pres
ence assign to the buildings beneath them?
I liese are questions which I tun vet una
b'e to answer, and which must be left un
decided until the origin and age of the con
tents.!)! the tombs cun be satisfactorily dc
teimined.”
Parting Interview between Emmet
and his Betrothed. Emmet was, un
fortunately, betrayed by bis enemies in
an attempt to emancipate bis countrymen
from tyranny and oppression. He was,
therefore, convicted of the crime of trea
son, and sentenced to be executed.
The evening before bis death, and while
the workmen were busy with the scaffold,
a young lady was ushered into the dungeon.
It was the girl whom lie so fondly 1 wed,
and who had now come to bid h m ane'e -
nal farewell. He was leaning, in a melan
choly rnoqd, against the window frame • f
his prison, and the heavy clanking of his
chains smote dismally on his heart. The
interview was bitteily touching, and mel
ted even the cal ous soul of the jailor. As
for Emmet, he wept and spoke little : but
as he pressed his belo ed in silence to his
bosom ; his countenance-betrayed his emo
tions. In a low voice, half choked by
anguish, he besought her not to forget
him : he reminded her of their former hap
piness, of the long past days of their child
hood, and cone uded by requesting her
sometimes to visit the scenes where their
infancy was spent, and though the world
might repeat his name with scorn, to cling
to his memory with aflec ion. At this
very instant, the evening bell pealed from
a neighboring church. Emmet stal led at
the lingering sound, and as he felt that this
would be the lastt rne lie should ever hear
its dismal echoes, he folded his beloved
still closer to bis heart, and bent over her
sinking form with eyes streaming with
affection. The turnkey ente edutthemo
ment, and as though ashamed of a tempo
rary betrayal of sympathy, dashed the rou
sing drop from his eye, and a frown again
lowered on his countenance. The man,
meanwhile, approached to tear the lady
from his emit; aces. Ovepowered by bis
feelings, he could make no resistance, but
as be gloomily released her from his hold
ga'e her a miniature of himse s and with
parting token ot his attachment, imprinted
the last kiss of a dying man upon her lips.
On gaining the door she turned round as if
to gaze on the object. flier widowed love.
He caught her eyes as she retired ; it was
but for a moment; the dungeon door swung
back again upon its hinges, and as it clo
sed after her, informed him too surely,
that they had met for the last time upon
earth.
For the B >ys. — Seven classes of com
pany are to be avoided ;
1. Those who ridicule their parents, or
disobey their commands.
2. Th se who profane the Sabalh or scoff
at religion.
3. Those who use profane or filthy lan
guage.
4. Those who are untruthful, play
truant, and waste their time in idleness.
5. Those who are of a quarelsome tern
per, and are apt to get into diffieculty with
others.
G. I hose who are addicted to lying and
stealing.
7. Those who are of a cruel disposisi n;
who take pleasure in torturing and maim
ing animals.
A Noble Bcy —A boy was tempted by
some of his companions to pluck some
ripe cherries from a tree which his father
had forbidden him to touch.
“'i ou need not be afraid,’ said one of his
companions, “for if your father should
find out that you had them, he is so kind
that he would not hurt you.”
That is the very reason,' replied the boy,
•why I would not touch them. It is true,
my father would not hurt me ; yet my diso
bedience I know would hurt my father,
and that would be worse to me than any
thing else.
A boy who grows up with such princi
ples, would be called a man in the best
sense of the word. It betrays a regard
for rectitude that would render him trust
worthy under every trial.
6C7* Ur. Johnson says : “Ho who sed
ulously listens, pointedly asks, calmly
speaks, coolly answers, and ceases when |
he has no more to say to the point, is the !
fittest for business, and is sure to succeed.” i
MAC 0 N , G A . I
SATURDAY MORNING, MAY I!*, 1840.
Revivals. —The Baptist and the Methodist
churches of this city have recently been visited
with gracious revivals. In the former, a con
siderable interest was manifested, and a large
amount ofgood accomplished, through the min
isterial labors ofßev, Mr. Fisher. In the lat
ter, the meetings are still progressing, and tbe
prospect is truly encouraging.
The Weather.—Weliavebad several good
rains during the week.which we think were ex
tensive, judging from the coolness of the atmos
phere for several days past. Yesterday morning
at 8 o'clock, a Thermometer standing at 63 deg.
was taken from a store where it had remained
during the night-previous, and on being placed
in a moderately exposed situation in the street,
fell in a short time to 56 degrees. At 3 o’clock
P. M.,in the same situation, it stood at 58 de
grees, with the wind blowing fresh from the
North, accompanied by misty rain. During the
night it cleared off, and 4 o'clock this morning,
the Thermometer stood at 50 deg. in the street
A New Hotel.—We learn that a Company
of gentlemen have contracted with Messrs. J. B.
Ayres and A. McGregor, toercct anew Hotel
in this city, on the Lot fronting Mulberry street,
between Messrs. Wood & Bradley's and De
Loach & Wilcoxson’s Establishments, and
nearly opposite the Washington Hall. The lo
cation is an eligible one, and the Building
will be seventy-one feet, by two hundred feet
and six inches deep, three stories high, with a
basement, and contain ninety rooms, beside a
splendid hall. The contractors are fully com
petent to do justice to the work, which is to he
completed previous to the first of April next, at
a cost of $>27,000 exclusive of furniture, &c.,
and we doubt not tlic Building, when completed,
will reflect credit upon the architects and he an
ornament to the city. The Hotel has been al
ready leased by Messrs. Sterling Lanier &
Son, for five years It will be called the
“ Lanier Hotel," —Therefore, if M aeon cannot
boast ofa “ St. Charles,’’ she w ill have a St.
“Lanier Hotel ” We wish all concerned a
bundant success in the enterprise.
A Factory in Macon.—lt affords us pleasure
to state that the prospect ofestablishing a Cotton
Factory in this city, brightens almost daily. A
littly more exertion on the part of the friends of
the enterprise will secure this desirable result.
Au effort was made on Wednesday in this
city’, which resulted in procuring subscriptions
lo tbe amount of $35,000. The most reliable
men in our community Sre at the head of the en
terprise, and we hope they may succeed in pro
curing the necessary amount. The Company
intend to propel the machinery by steam and
have iTcapital of $400,000—-operations to begin
and the Company lobe organized as soon as the
sum of SBO,OOO is subscribed. Nothing but cash
is to be received in payment of instalments.—
Should this enterprise succeed anew era of pros,
perity will be opened to the community. We see
no reason why a Factory should not succeed in
Macon, one of the most ’favorable locations in.
Georgia, of central position and speedy and easy
access from all points of the Slate. An abun
dance of capital can be commanded as soon as
those who hold it become satisfied a hat they’ can
invest it profitably in manufacturing. We have
no recollection of a single failure, at the South in
business—whilst on the contrary, the stock
holders in such establishments have always ob
tained good dividends, and in many instances,
large ones, to wit, the Augusta Company, and
others in this Slate. Query—Can as much he
said of investments in lands and negroes, &c. ?
The Sheriffs and Court Records can answer the
question in the negative. Then why will not
capitalists invest their money in Factories, when
machinery, labor and raw materiel are now so
low, that the time is propitious for the enter
prise ? W e can see no good reason why they
should hesitate to make such investments, as
they will certainly receive a good interest on
their money, whilst they enjoy the pleasing re
flection of having used it to aid and elevate the
poor instead of oppressing them.
We refer the reader to an advertisement in
another column signed by several of our fellow
citizens, allowing those wishing to invest theii
funds in a manufacturing establishment in this
city, an opportunity of subscribing, which we
hope they will not fail to improve.
Mu RDer.—A most shocking murder was com
mitted on Wednesday last, two or three miles
west of this city, by a man named Elisha Reese,
who went to the house of Mr. David Gurganus,
an old revolutionary man, upwards of ninety
years of age, who lived near him, and after
some altercation between them the former struck
the latter a violent blow over the head with the
but end ofa musket, lacerating it severely, and
which knocked him down; when his daughter, a
widow lady, named Mary Ellen Pratt, who
resided with her father and mother there, came
to his relief; whereupon Reese fired the con.
tents of the musket at her, the shot taking effect
in her neck, and killing her instantly. lie then
made his escape, but was pursued by our City
Marshal, Mr. J. B. Gumming, and others from
this city, who succeeded in arresting him in the
woods about four miles distant, and brought him
to jail. It is said Reese has a wife and chil
dren in Floyd county, Ga., but has resided in the
neighborhood for several months past. As he
will be brought to account for ibis transaction
we forbear making any remarks upon this melan
choly affair. On Thursday, the prisoner under
went an examination before Justices Artopk,
Grakniss and Reid, and was committed to jail
to await bis trial for the offence, at the next term
ofßibb Superior Court in July next.
An Inquest was held over the deceased and
the following Verdict returned—“ The deceased
Mary Ellen Pratt came to her death by
means of a wound inflicted upon her with a gun,
by one Elisha Reese, at the house of one
David Gurganus, on the 16th day of May*
1849.”
P S. At a late hour last evening Mr Gurga-
Nt'S recovery from the effects of the wound, was
considered somewhat doubtful
MANUFACTURING IN THE SOUTH.
Having on several occasions heretofore ex
pressed our views in relation to the propriety of
establishing manufactories at the South, we turn
again to the subject without possessing anv con
fidence in our ability to enlighten the public
mind w’ith regard to this interesting subject, be
yond the production of some statistical informa
tion which may prove of value. We repeat,
what we have said years ago, that we conceive
the South can never become truly prosperous
and independent until her citizens learn to di
versify their labor to a greater extent than they
have heretofore dune. As long as the principal
capital of her people is invested in the produc
tion of cotton, rice and tobacco, will they helia
hie to he overtaken by the periodical revulsions
which have heretofore so seriously and regularly
paralyzed her monetary affairs and checked her
prosperity. There are at the present tine about
ten hundred millions of dollars invested in slaves
in the slaveholding Slates—nearly all of which
immense sum, as far as production goes, is em
ployed in making cotton, rice, tobacco and sugar
the three former of which are alone exported
to any extent. What has caused the exports of
the Southern Atlantic cities to remain so near
stationary for a long series ofyears, whilst some
of those of the North have quadrupled within
the same time, but the lack ofa diversity of pro
ductions? During the year 1844 there were
95,607 000 bushels of wheat, 421,953,000 do. of
corn, and 172,247,0i 0 do. of oats raised in the
United States, the wheatand corn far exceeding
the cotton in value, whilst the oats was about
equal to it. Cotton as a single article of foreign
export, exceeds in value all others. In 1848,
the quantity exported amounted to fifty-seven
millions—whilst the provisions exported only
amounted to fifty-three millions. The manufac
ture of the coarse cloths needed at the South
would not n< cessarily diminish the quantity ex
ported, but might reduce the amount manufac
tured in New England for Southern consump
tion—Massachusetts alone now works up about
five hundred thousand bales. The South now
presents the strange spectacle of a people, who,
possessing all the advantages of producing the
raw material at the very place as it were where
it could he converted into articles worth four or
five times its cost, by a diversity of labor and the
erection of manufacturing establishments, aro
shipping the raw material and receiving in re
turn the manufactured articles, paying charges
each way To this simple policy may be attri
buted, to a great extent, the lack of prosperity
so often felt at the South. We the fol
lowing interesting estimate made by a distin
guished Tennesseean, F. Buchanan, who is
engaged in manufacturing. These calculations
are based upon water potver and white free labor-
Steam, however, was think quite as economical,
if not more so, when healthful location, and
exemption from injury by flood or drought, &c
are taken into consideration.
In the First place he makes the following es
timates for a Company doing business with a
capital of $25,000 ;
“1 estimate the entire cost of tlie/)o?ccr, build
ings, site and fixtures, accompanied by 850 spin
dles, with cards and speeders—drawings, lap
machines, etc., including aft the necessary pre
paration, put up and ready for operation at $20,-
000. Add cash capital necessary for investment
in cotton $5,000, and this $25,000 may be con
sidered ns stock invested. Now the average
dividends or profits upon that sum, I make brief
ly tints:
This machinery should produce at a very
moderate estimate 800 dozen yarn per dav, or in
300 days, ( 1 year ) allowing for holidays, sab
baths and 13 extra days—24o,ooo dozen of aver
age weight and assorted yarns, which at 7} cents
per dozen, makes eighteen thousand dol
lars, SIB,OOO
Annual expenses deducted—operators
(say 45) including managers and la
borers at a general cost of 5,000
$13,000
Deduct for incidental expenses includ
ing wear of machinery, repairs, oil,
Ac., Ac., 1,000
$12,000
Consumption of cotton 135,000 lbs., the
amount neeessllry to make the esti
mated quantity and quality of yarns,
in bale form, at s}c per lb., being a
fair average with the estimated value
of the yarn, is 7,425
Annual profits, $4,575
or about 18.} per cent upon the capital hut as
most pudent men desire insurance against fire,
we allow 2} per cent—leaving a nett balance of
16per cent per annum, for dividend or ex
tended investment.
In the Seeoml place, he estimates for one with
a capital of $50,000 :
With $50,000 you can procure the machinery
for 2500 spindles, site, &c , which produces at
the same rate perspindle 700,000 dozen of yarns,
(I use the whole number for brievity ) which at
7} cents per dozen is $52,500
From which deduct for operatives (say
80) at a cost of 9,000
Balance, $43,500
Incidental expenses, (as in the first
table,) 2,500
Balance, $41,000
Cotton required to produce the estima
ted quantity of yarns, 385,000 lbs ,
at five and a half cents, 21,170
Balance, $19,830
For insurance and extra annual expen
ses, 1,330
Approximating to total of $18,500
to go to dividends or reinvestment. If this es
timate be correct, and it cannot be far off, with
the advantage of water power, we are astonished
to see the increase of profits rising so rapidly
proportioned to the capital—while upon 25,000
the capitalist received sixteen per cent—the
more wealthy with his 50,000 received about
thirty-six per cent.'’