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wioorosi
EDITED AND Pt’BLISHF.D WEEKLY, BY
wn. B . HA II BISON.
CITY PRINTER.
j [rOR THE SOUTHER* MCSECM ]
SOXS OP TEMPERANCE.
ü ßut one thing thou lachrst."
Diabolus (vcl Bacchus) is yielding liis sway,
Ilia ramparts now totter, liis powers decay :
Soon helpless and friendless, we hope he will be
Confined in the domains of “nonentity."
Hit wreck is predicted, his fate is decreed,
His honors are famished, his captives are freed:
And the few that remain, soon scarcely can tell
Where his Honor, Lordship , and Majesty dwell.
•
“But one thing thou lackest,” or his sway would
fall ;
This “one thing” should now be considered by
all:
It is to avow that you never will trade
Where spirituous liqnors are vended or made.
Let this vow constitute a part of your pledge,
And the axe is laid to the root with its edge ;
Despite opposition, “Doggeries” must fall
Unpitied, unwept, unlamcnted by all.
BIIILANTHROPOS.
[for the southern museum.]
To an alMicnt Pricnct.
When night her sable mantle casts
Abroad o’er land and sea,
And western zephyrs cool the air—
Tis then I think of thee !
For as the thick’ning shadows pass
Along in dark review,
Each one recalls the solemn hour
1 bade my friend adieu.
When in the noon-day shade 1 sit
With volumes at my knee,
My books are lost, my mind escapes
To dream and think of thee
For when thy graceful form was here,
To study was delight—
Or listen to thy words, which glowed
Like pearly orbs of light!
When round the cheerful evening hearth
All feel content but me,
And all attempt to make me glad—
I can but think of thcod
For pleasure hath no taste of mine,
It cannot make me gay :
My soul is sad, and ert) wilt bo
Whilst thou art far away !
When in the mirthful, festive train,
There’s youth and beauty free :
1 11 force, perhaps, a vaunting smile—
But yet I think of thee !
Tiie flitting forms of beauty seem
Like bursting globes of air ;
They on the mirror of my heart
Leave no impression there !
When nature puts her livery on,
With morning’s active glee,
’Midst singing birds, and opening flowers,
My heart communes with thee !
The night of gloom and sadness flies
From thee, mine earthly sun ;
Thy joy is bliss, thine ease my rest—
Our natures are but one !
When twilight dims the western sky,
And day-time's moments flee,
The modest stars, with twinkling eyes
Will make me think of thee '.
For talent, worth, and modesty,
Three gems from natuie’s mine,
And pure religion’s crowning crest,
These beauties—all!—are thine I
. Each moment in the joyless day,
With sorrow fraught will be,
For every object round me here
Still makes me think of thee !
Ycss, joyless arc the long, long days,
And dull the evening hour :
No more I speak to thee thy praise,
Nor feel thy talent’s power.
Alas ! my friend I 1 know not when
The happy hour shall be,
When sitting ’neath thine arbor’s shed
1 fondly gaze on thee !
My fate hath sealed me in this home,
In different lands we stay ;
F mourn o’er friendship’s broken tie,
The heart that’s far away !
My brother ! —not by kindred's bond—
There is one hope for me :
„ That though we meet no more on earth,
Yet may I gaze on thee !
Yes, when we give our bones to dust,
Our souls shall go above,
And there in union, ever drink
The stream of crystal love !
w. r. ii.
From the Southern Recorder.
Georgia and her Resources.
It is an undeniable fact, that no State in
the Union possesses in so great a degree
the elements of national and individual
wealth as Georgia, All that we need is
legislation looking to their deveJopement,
and the enterprise of a few public spirited
individuals to give direction to our ener
gies. Our citizens want to feel scat re from
innovation in our institutions—they want
no legislation which is designed as expe
riments to catch popular favor. Hence
relief laws, the election of judges by the
peole, and all that class of demagogue
like measures, are only clogs which fetter
public enterprise, and deter the prudent,
thoughtful, energetic man from embarking
his capilal and his labor in pursuits which
add to the permanent prosperity, security
and advancement of our State. We think
there has been enough of the demegogue
in Georgia alieady, working only mischief
and ruin, and it is to be hoped that t4ie in
telligence and patriotism of older heads
of all parties will unite, to check innova
tion, and give security and permanency to
our institutions, and consequent fame and
wealth to our people.
Georgia has always been a mighty work
shop, in which her citizenshave been ope
ratives, whose labor has gone to build up
and add to the wealth of other States. We
have always needed capital to sustain the
enterprise and to furnish the exchanges in
the sale of our products. Hence other
States hare furnished us the money, and
our people have sent their labor in the
shape of money to pay to strangers div
idends on their Hank stock and interest on
their advancements. There has been so
much yearly taken from our pockets—we
have been made so much the poorer—and
strangers have been made so much the
richer. A wise economy therefore says
to our people, keep these dividends and
interest at home to enrich yourselves.—
This can he done by increasing our bank
ing capital. New banks should be estab
lished, and located at such points ns their
capital was needed. Macon, Columbus,
Atlanta and Griffin, four of the most im
portant interior commercial points in the
State, have not a dollar of banking capital
of their own. All the interest made upon
advances to buy cotton and other produce
is paid to banking institutions in other
cities and States, instead of being kept
where it legitimately belongs— where il is
made, and where it should stay to help
build up its own community. The next
Legislature should create new banks at
each one of these points, as well as in
crease the capital of those of the city of Sa
vannah. This is the first step in the no
ble and patriotic scheme of developing the
resources of the State. It would he the
taking care of what wc made —it would be
laboring for ourselves, and not for stran
gers. Thus far Georgia has been only a
great plantation for the benefit of the
Charleston Banks.
The completion of the Georgia, Cen
tral and Macon railroads, the partial com
pletion of the Western & Atlantic road,
has thus far stimulated the enterprise of
our State, far beyond the most sanguine
expectations of the advocates of those
works. The completion of the State road
to Chattanooga, the construction of a
branch to Rome and the improvement of
the navigation of the Coosa river, will pour
the produce of Tennessee and North Ala
bama into our State. The construction
of the Southwestern railroad will give us
the control of the entire products of out
own State in that direction, that of Wes
tern Florida, and of all southern Alabama.
The construction of the railroad from Co
lumbus, eastward, will give us the con
trol of middle Alabama. Through all
these channels an immense amount of com
merce must pour itselfto enrich our State.
Let us be prepared to meet it, and let not
a want of means within our own State
drive it into other markets, in other States.
Georgia must appropriate her own improve
ments to the building up and enriching her
own people. These are some of the ele
ments which must stimulate the enterprise
of our people. But we have within our
selves elements of wealth fur greater than
any derived from foreign commerce.
The pine lands of the State, including
one sixth at least of its territory, are now
unproductive. That opens a vast field for
enterprise. \\ e consume annually many
millions of pounds of wool, in coarse sati
nets, Imdsays, blankets, flannels and baiz
es. That wool may all be grown profit
ably there. Y’ermont finds her wool a
source of immense profit. Tier rigorous
clima’e compels her to feed her sheep six
months in the year—we need not feed
them tuo months in the year. Why not
then produce all the wool wo use 1 and
why not establish factories in the pine re
gion, driven by steam power, to manufac
ture all the articles we need ? Again, the
finest beef range in the world is in the
pine woods. Hides, tallow, beef, horns
and bones, are items of great wealth to he
drawn from that region. And no small
item of commerce must be the production
of turpentine, itself. There is no busi
ness which promises such a return for the
capital employed, as the raising of sheep
and beef cattle and the making of turpen
tine. Energy alone is wanting to devel
opc the immense resources of Georgia in
this one respect.
h e consume in Georgia some three
millions of dollars worth of leather, shoes,
saddles, harness and other manufactures
ot leather. 'I his might be ‘supplied at
home. In the middle and upper counties,
within reach of the bark, tanneries might
be established for the tanning of all tlio
hides which arc grown in the State ; fac
tories united for the production of shoes,
harness and the like, and thus this im
mense sum be saved at home. But more:
we can and will manufacture for other
Stales. This is a business which never
can wear out— so so long as the descend
ants of Adam have souls, they must have
soles to their feet. A mistaken notion lias
prevailed that onr climate is not adapted
to the manufacture of leather. The truth
is, our tanneries have been hitherto erect
ed by men of limited capital—they could
neither afford to furnish the materials in
proper quantities, nor could they afford to
wait sufficiently long for the tanning of
the leather. Hence the cry, the climate
don't suit.
Georgia is the greatest cotton growing
State in the Lnion, and she is destined to
be the largest cotton manufacturing State
because she can manufacture cheaper
and as well as any other State. It costs at
least twenty per cent, upon the price of
the raw material to transport it from Ma
con, Ga., to Lowell, Massachusetts. This
is no small advantage to start with. Then,
a given number of spindles can be put in
operation here, with all necessary appen-
for much less cost than a like nuin
'■’V iJan he put up in operation in any of
the Northern States—because of the dif
j feretice in the value of land, water pow
er and buildings. They can be kept in
operation for much less—because of the
difference in the price of labor, provisions,
clothing and fuel. This must necessarily
irive us the advantage in the markets of
the whole world, and this advantage will
soon cause factories to spring up in almost
! every county —not to supply alone the lo
| cal demand, but that of foreign markets.
It will not be long, so soon as we acquire
a little more skill, before we shall see
Georgia sheetings, shirtings, calicoes and
muslins as common in northern, western,
and foreign markets, as we now find those
of Lowell. Georgia in a few years will
be a large exporter of all cotton fabrics.—
At corresponding prices, the Georgia fac
tories must pay a profit largely increased
over those of any of the Northern States.
Georgia has minerals of vast amount
and value; and her Legislature shoujd ap
point a Geologist to explore and dcvelope
them. Our mountains are filled with in
exhaustible beds of the very best iron ore,
sufficient to supply ourselves and a large
portion of our Union. .In the May No. of
the “Merchant’s Magazine” there is an
article on the subject of Manufacture of
Iron in Georgia, by the Geologist of the
State of New York, and after speaking of
its inexhaustible supply, says . “The su
perior quality, resembling that made of
the best hematiles in other localities. It
is suitable both for foundry and forge pur
poses, inclining particularly to the best No.
1 iron. From the abundance both of ore
and charcoal, cheapness of living and la
bor, and great profits in this region on
stone goods, the expenses of manufacture
are extremely low ; while the prices of
iron, both that made into castings for the
supply of the country around and of the
bar, are what would be considered at Nor
thern works remarkably high.” This is
sufficient inducement to capitalists to em
bark in this most lucrative business. Lime,
coal and marble all abound throughout our
mountain regions, and would prove sour
ces of great wealth when developed, as
they must be in a few years.
In agricultural products, no State can
boast a greater variety or value. With
the long staple cotton on the coast, and
more than two-thirds other whole territory
adapted to the successful growing of the
short staples—with her whole limits suit
ed to the production of corn, and much
more than halt to the successful growing
of wheat, rye and barley—with a consid
erable part adapted to the production of
sugar—and her mountains to the raising
without limit the finest ot winter apples
and pears—Georgia has within herself a
diversity of soil and climate which will
amply repay the labor bestowed upon it
for-the production of every staple best sui
ted to it. If the enterprise of our people
isbutproperlydirected.it will be but a
tew years before (Georgia brands of flour
will command the .highest price in other
States, while her superior fruits will rank
without a superior in the markets even of
England. Nor will the products of the
dairy, in our mountain regions prove a
source of less profits to our dairv-men,
than an equal capital invested in any othSr
pursuit. ' #
l liesc are some of the most prominent
resources of Georgia, which need devel
opment, and which must amply repay the
enterprise of those who engage in their de
velopement.
1 lie railroad improvements of Georgia
ar e obliged to give her the position of ihe
Keystone State of the South ; and their
effect must be to open up new enterprises
never before thought of. The man who
:s insensible to the future greatness of our
State must indeed be stultified ; and he
whose sagacity wdl enable him to appro
priate future dcvelopemcnts to his own
profit will be singular ly blest!
Casting the eye over the direction of
our railroads, the city of Macun strikes it
as the great .central depot of the State-
Situated just at the point where the oak
and pine lands divide, within immediate
reach of tlio facilities which each afford
for manufacturing purposes, her citizens
and those of the adjacent country,must be
singularly unfortunate if she dues not in a
few years become the centre of a great
manufacturing population,producing wool
en and cotton fabrics, leather and ull its
manufactures, with extensive flourino- mills
to manufacture the wheat of a fertile re
gion of country.
We repeat: the improvements of Geor
gia must create new and greater facilities
to labor ol every soil—that must diversi
fy and increase the amount of labor—it
becomes more profitable and consequent
ly more in demand. The effect at once is
the improved state of onr agriculture.
I bis tics our people to the soil” and instead
of a roving population, we have one fixed
and prosperous. Each branch of indus
try improves the other, and wo advance
step by step, unconscious of tlie approach,
to wealth fame and power.
Georgia lias the resources—she may dc
velope them slowly, but yet they will sure
ly be developed. All that our people
need, is to be told what they can do, and
how it should be done ; and as knowl
edge pours in upon them, so will their en
ergies be stimulated and aroused.
Georgia need take but a lesson from
the conduct of her sister South Carolina,
which, in the midst of her political vaga
ries, she has steadily pursued—and that
lias been to build up herself, and by her
and capital to make her sisters
contribute their share in the work.
T he idea may be regarded as somewhat
visionary, but we hesitate not to declare a
sentiment long since entertained, that the
child is now born who will see the com
merce of all India and China reach the
Atlantic through the improvements of
Georgia !
power will carry the product ~ of
these countries some three hundred miles
up the Sacramento river ; from ihence to
head of navigation on the Mississippi by
railroad ; then by steamboats to Cliutta
nooga, and from thence to Savannah by
railroad. If there is one spark of Slate
pride in the Georgia Legislature,the whole
benefits of this immense trade—the ad
vantages resulting from our State works
will be made to account to our interests,
and not to those of other States. The
only link of communication now wanting
to connect Savannah with China, is the
railroad between Sacramento and the Mis
sissippi. The Federal Government will
construct that link in the next ten years.
Look at the immense region of fertile
country which will become tributary to
Georgia so soon as our own road is com
pleted to Chattanooga, and the Southwest
ern road finished !—West Florida, Ala
bama, Southern and Northern Mississppi,
Upper Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky
in part, Arkansas, Northern Texas, Mis
souri, lowa, Minesota, and Western Vir
ginia. Why then should Georgia raise
cotton and hides, to be sent North to be
woven and factured and returned through
her borders to be supplied out West 1 Why
should she not manufacture them herself,
and make the profits of this transportation
and re-transportation 1
But still more : open the transportation
to the Pacific, and who is there so short
sighted as not to see the inducements to
our people to grow and manufacture these
articles for further consumption I
In despite of every obstacle, man’s in
terests will prompt him to seek an in
vestment the most profitable ; and the pos
ition of Georgia, her location on the coast,
and her facilities for reaching the West,
will make her the great manufacturing
emporium of the South. And she will
see her benefit in so doing. Every branch
ot trade will receiv e anew impulse. The
canvass of all Europe will gladden our
own port. Lot us he prepared to reap the
benefits which this mighty change in our
condition will bestow.
A GEORGIAN.
MACON, GA.
SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 23, 16-19.
Death of Mk. Polk.— Ex-President James
K. Polk died of cholera at Nashville, at 5 o’clock
P. M., on Friday, 15th inst. lie was in the 54tli
year ofhis ago. A public meeting was to have
taken place in Gharioston on Thursday last, to
adopt measures to express the feelings of the
community at the loss of this distinguished indi
vidual. Will not a similar course he pursued by
the citizens here ?
Macon Manufacturing Company.
It affords us pleasure to state that nil the stock
necessary to build a Factory in this city, (say
$100,000,) has been subscribed, and it will be
seen by reference to the advertisement in ano
ther column, that the stockholders will meet on
Wednesday next, for the purpose of electing a
Board of Directors, &c. It is probably th*t the
machinery in this Factory will be propelled' by
steam ; and from the business capacity of the
gentlemen concerned in the enterprise, we have
no doubt of its entire success.
Tlie Memphis Convention.
The meeting of this Convention which was
appointed to take place on the 4lh-July, lias been
postponed until the 15th ofOctober next, in con
sequence of the existence of the cholera on the
\Y estern rivers. This is a judicious arrangement
on tlie part oftiie Committee, who urge upon
the friends of tiie enterprise of constructing a
Railroad to California, not to flag in their labors,
hut to continue, by aii proper means, to assist in
assembling and conducting tTic Convention,
whose action may be hoped to lead to tlie com
pletion of tlie most magnificent work which has
been attempted in the tide of time.
Wo see it stated in tlie Scientific American!
that tiie Government has ordered a reconnoisance
to be made for a Railroad route from Fort Smith
in Arkansas, to the Bay of San Francisco, in
California. Lieut. Simpson, of tlie Topographi
cal Engineers, assisted by Lieut. llacen, have
been ordered upon this service. Tiiis reconnuis
ance in connection with those heretofore made
by Fremont, will enable Congress to decide
upon a route fora Pacific Railroad, at the next
session probably.
HlfThc Mississippi Manufacturing Company
at Draine’s Mills, Chocktuw county, is now in
successful operation yelding a large dividend-
It lias now 500 spindles in operation, which con
sumes daily 300 pounds of Cotton, and turn out
280 pounds of spun thread. Tlie cost of tlie cot.
ton consumed every day is sls, other expenses
.10 ; making in ail $25. The manufactured arti
cle sells readily at 20 cents, making the whole
product of tlie spindles $56 per day.
IT Tlie Augusta Republic, oftiie 21st inst,
says . We regret to learn from the following ex
tract ofa letter, received in this city on Tues
day, of the melancholy calamity which has be
fallen tlie nephew of the Rev. George F. Pierce.
“Oxford, June 17, 1849.
“I regret to inform you that tlio nephew of
the Rev. Dr. Geo. F. Pierce lias been severely
burned, by tlie explosion of Phosgene, and lie
died shortly afterwards. The Rev. Dr. G. F.
Pierce was also severely burned on his right
hand.” Thq young man was named Schley.
[IT The demand for Cotton in Charleston on
tlie 19th inst. was very active, and tlie sales
reached 2000 bales, at from G.J to 8 cents. The
market closed very favorable for sellers.
Savage. —At a public meeting in Kentucky
recently, where slavery emancipation wasttnder
discussion, a fight occurred between Cassius M.
Clay and Joseph Turner, with bowie knives,
which resulted in the deatli of both oftiiem.
Arrival of the America.
Tlie steamer America arrived at Halifax with
Liverpool dates up to tlie 9th inst., bringing fo
reign intelligence, says the Augusta Republic,
in a shorter time than lias ever before been re
ported.
Tlie commercial news is very favorable, show
ing an advance in tlie Cotton market of from an
eighth to a quarter of a penny. This advance
was in consequence of tlie confirmation of tlie
news that tlie growiug crop of cotton liad been
injured in this country by tiie severe frosts of
April, as well as from 1 lie favorable prospects of
the harvests in England. From tlie 2d to tiie
9th of June, an active demand for cotton pre
vailed, and, at the close of tiie week, tlie mar
ket had improved in prices. Ordinary to mid
dling fair cottons liau advanced in prices fully
one half cent, and upon fair cottons one quar
ter ofa cent. Tiie following were the quotations
on the 9th, viz : Fair Upland,4Ad ; do. Mobile,
4§d ; do. New Orleans, 4Jd. 78,000 hales sold
during the week—l2,ooo on the last day at a
farthing advance.
Tlie money market continues as at last ac
counts, and American stocks are still in good
demand.
In breadstuff's there iiad been a slight decline,
and trade generally is reported to he quiet.
The weather had been favorable for the grow
ing crops and vegetation, and prospects of an
abundant harvest were very flattering.
Tlie sentence of deatli against tlie Irish pris
oners lias been commuted to transportation for
life. Great distress still exists in Ireland.
Tlie French Government lias ordered Gen.
Oudinot to capture the Holy City, let the conse
quences be what they may. The Romans have
80,000 men in tlie field, and will resist unto deatli
the attack of the French.
I lie aspect of the political relations on tlie
continent were of a continued warlike character.
The State of Rome.— The Londoh Times
contains a letter from Rome, written by one w ho
regards things from tlie anti-Repubiican point of
view, but who nevertheless admits that tlie Ro
man Republicans cannot he overcome without
virtually destroying the Roman States. He says
the French and Neapolitans togethercannot, ex.
cept by overwhelming numbers, subdue a city
and population in tlie state in which Rome now
is. The city contains 70,000 men under arms
animated by tiie most resoiute spirit, and on go
ing from Rome through provincial places tlie
writer met large bodies of men hastening to tlie
assistance of tlie capital. \\ e extract a para
graph from his letter :
“At Zerni, we met a regiment of 1,500 men,
all fine looking troops, in a lump ; and at Spolc
to,Perugio, and other places, the towns were
alive with them, and carts by twos and threes to
a dozen full o( men and baggage, all singing the
national songs, met me at every turn. I dure say
there must have been between 4,000 and ojoOO
men that we saw, besides what came by other
routes ; every city was more violent than tlie
last against I’io Nono, and for tlie Republic.!
Romana. Nay, tlie enthusiasm spreads still far
ther—near the. Roman frontier we met ten moun
ted dragoons riding the same way. They were
tiie Tuscan Cavalry Guard at the frontier, who
just galloped across it, horses, equipment and
all—and oil to Rome. Farther on we met many
hundred Tuscan officers and men, well armed
and equipped*, who in like manner had not only
deserted, hut had stolen their own and as many
arms and ammunitions as tlie could lay their
hands on, and all off tlie same way. These
were from Arezzo; in fact, where 'er we ask a
question, the Republican spirit oozes out in re
ply, fierce, fiery, uncompromising.”
Tlie writer thinks it impossible tiiat tlie ad
ministration of tlie government by tlie priest
hood should ever be restored. He says :
“It is obvious that tlie Pope's day is at an end :
nothing slior* of military occupation can ever
give PioNono and his Cardinals a seat in “lie
Vatican again. And would it bo just to thrust
on tlie Roman people a ruler whom they hate—
whose attendants and dependants, executors of
his Government, they have really iiad cause to
hate—whose incapacity for governing in secular
affairs is proved by tlie melancholy condition of
the Roman States,*as contrasted with thut of
their neighbors. Thus, though tlie Roman ques
tion is emphatically a European one—and for
their own sakes it would seem expedient that
tlie powers of Europe should settle it—still, rc
gaid must be iiad for the interests oftiie people,
and a good Government he secured to them.”
What-sucli a good government would be tlie
writer confesses to be too mighty a question for
him. He states, however, in the course of his
letter, that tlie city was never in a more orderly
condition, internally, than since tlie Republic.
CP TJie London Spectator that the Hun
garian artillery is served principally by young
men ofgood family and station, advocates, engi
neers, employees, all, without exception, men
of scientific and literary attainments. Cut the
pride and boast of the Hungarian army are the
thirteen Huzzar regiments, (each at* least 800
strong,) five of which have bee newly organized.
One of these the nation owes to the patriotism
of Count Stephen Karolyi. This great noble
mau, who almost vies with the head of the great
Esterhazys in wealth, and who has hitherto ta
ken but little part in Hungarian politics, in ad
dition to a contribution in money amounting to
twenty thousand pounds sterling, didin last No
vember, at his own sole expense, raise, mount)
and equip a regiment of this brilliant arm, which
he now commands in person in the field. All
the troops are well clothed and armed, amply
provisioned, regularly paid, and sufficiently pro
vided with stores and ammunition ofevery kind-
Pyramids. —The pyramids of Egypt arc sup
posed to he more ancient than 3000 years. The
largest of these is 41)0 feet high, and has 603
feet each side, at its base, the foundation forin
ingan area nr480,000 square feet, or 11 acres of
ground. The building ofthe pyramids is thought
to have employed upwards of 300,000 workmen
for more than twenty years, and they have al
ways been ranked among (he wonders of the
world.
Latest from California.
A friend has furnished us, says the Charleston
-Mercury, with the following extract ofa letter
from a highly intelligent gentleman, dated :
“Bay of San Francisco, April 17.
“San Francisco Bay, with great capacity and
depth, and in some portions of it good holding
ground for anchorage, is but an indifferent har
bor tor shipping. It seems to be land-lockcd
and in fact,the cntcrancc to it from the jccan,is
only about a mile wide at tlie narrowest part.
A glance at the chart, or a casual visit, might
naturally induce tlie impression that it wasshel
rered from strong winds and heavy seas, and
possessed every requisite for a good harbor or
roadstead. But those who know it well say that
the prevailing w inds, from southeast, so: three
or four months of the year, and from northwest
during the remainder of the year, blow in the
direction of the bay, and sometimes with great
violent, and that no portion can he found in
any part of the bay, which would he sheltered
from those winds during the whole of the vear.
Moreover they say, and I believe it, that the
tow nos San Francisco occupies as unfavorable a
position as could he found in the bay ; tlie sliip
ping, exposed to all tiie unfrvorable winds, bein'*
obliged to lie at a distance from tlie town, and
communicate with it by means of lighters, in
consequence of there being an extensive flat in
front of the town, which flat, by the by, is laid
out in water lots. It would not seem, however
that these disadvantages are much regarded by
tlie owners of town property, or those who desire
to become so. I made my first visit there yes
terday, and found the town to consist ofa sprink
ling of indifferent wooden buildings, located
apparently at random, yet with nice precision
upon their respective streets, some of them bor
dering upon stinking ponds, and others upon
abrupt slopes. One of the best of these struc
tures liad one story height, tlireo rooms length,
with a piazza, a kitchen detached, and a small
room between it and tlie house. This house
was occupied by Gen. Smith at a rent of SSOOO
per annum- 1 was told by one of my fellow
passengers lie has paid SSOOO for a lot of thirty,
four feet front by one hundred feet depth, and
at the same time he pointed out a lot leased by
another of our passengers at SSOO a year. Both
of these persons are steady refiecing men ofbusi
ncss. Neither of them believes that San Fran
cisco will maintain its present ascendancy for
any length of time, but they fee! confident it
will do so for at least a year longer ; and they
say their business requires their establishment
in the first instance at the principal mart. I
have heard that a two story wooden house, about
sixty feet front by twenty-five to thirty depth
witii an appendage of the same dimensions in
rear, was rented at $50,000 a year to a tavern
keeper; and 1 heard to-day that $35 a barrel had
been paid lately for the freight of flour from'San
I rancisco to Suter s 1 ort on the Sacramento.—
Nine thousand dollars was lately offered for an
old petti-auger schooner, less tnan twenty tons
burthen. The bay in which we arc lying (San
Solito) has good holding ground, and is shelter
ed from northwest, but exposed to southeast
winds. A valley in front of it, narrow and shal
low, was lately bought on speculation for $35,-
000, and laid out in three hundred town lots,
most of which have been sold, some at SSOO,
and other at probably something less. A town
is also laid out at tlie junction of tlie Sacramen
to and San Joaquin, two others at Suter’s Fort,
and another higher up on tlie Sacramento. The
rage for gold lias not subsided, and tlie number
of those employed in it lias in no way diminish
ed.*’
Clack and Greek Tea.— Clack and green
tea are produced from the same plant, though
botanists were long at issue about this question.
The idea of green tea being dried upon copper
is a popular fallacy,for the tea would be flavored
and spoiled in such a process ; besides, the bloom
can be given by harmless means. Dr. Lettsom,
by the way, thought it was given by a vegetable.
Mr. Call, who has lately written a very sensible
book on “The Culture and Manufacture of Tea
in ( Inna, describes an experiment by which he
proves that tea may be dried black and green at
once, in the same vessel, and over the same fire,
lie divided the pan, and the leaves on one side
he kept in motion and the other quiet, when tho
latter became black and the Ibrmer green , thus
proving the difference of color to be not derived
lioin any management of heat, hut from mani
pulation, the heat being the same in both cascs,
Gunpowder tea is dried at tho highest tempera
ture, and Pekoe at the lowest. The chemical
cause of black tea is its loss of tannin in its dry
ing previous to roasting, an opinion supported by
the recent testimony of Liebig. Again, Mr. Call
thinks there may he one species of tea plant but
several varieties, though all botanical difference
is destroyed in the course ofpacking.
Discover* in the Arts. —M. Lechaire, of
Paris, has discovered that the while of zinc is a
substitute for course or white lead in oil painting.
It saves health, and life, and expense. The
I aiis statistics ol saturnine, or lead disease and
mortality are indeed dreadful. He has tried the
substitute in move than six thousand localities,
on public and private structures. A Committee
of the Society for the Encouragement of Indus
trial Arts, has reported the completeness and
various advantages of his discovery.
M. de Ituolz has also made a discovery which
concerns the health of the world ; a paint, which
applied to the dampest and most saltpctcred
walls, renders the surface firm and dry. Tho
results ol the application of it in the casements
and collars of the forts, have induced the Minis
ter ol \\ ar to order it for most of the military ed
ifices.
Sleep lor Plants. —Mr. Liudly, a celebra
ted London professor, says “there is not a single
gardener who is master of his profession, who
does not know how injurious a high nocturnal
temperature is to plants. The coolness of nigld
is to plants, xvhat sleep is to animals. This law
may to some extent be violated for a time, but
the plants cannot, under tho penalty of loss of
life, he deprived of thc.ir natural and proper p e *
riod of repose.”