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rmrr.n and rrsnsirtn wi f.ki.t, ft W U . U . lIAKKISOK. c/ r y r k i.v 7 /; /.•. ■ ——■■■■■ ■ ■ [fob thf. southern mcsecx.] Mr. Editor— The annexed Stanzas was writ ten by one of “America’s Poets." A friend of his in a notice published in the “Southern Lite* rarv Messenger," says that ho was troubled at the thought of some pecuniary obligation which he had not the means to pay. He shrank from the prospect of a “ Debtor's Prison," —at the early age of twenty-four years he died. The spirit is now free—God chains not the soul be cause it is poor. The Prltsnrr For Otbt. “ When the summer sun was in the west, Its crimson radiance fell, Some on the blue and changeful sea, And some in the prisoner's cell. And there his eye with a smile would beam, And the blood would leave bis biain, And the verdure of his soul return, Like sere grass after rain ! But when the tempest wreathed and sprend A- mantle o’er the sun, He gather’d back his woes again, And brooded thereupon ; And thus he lived, till Time one dav Led Death to break his chain : A rod then the prisoner went away, And he was free again !" The Peace Congress, a* Paris. The first meeting of the Peace Congress was held on the 22d ult., at the .Salle St. Cecille, a music hall in the Chaussee d’- Antin. The attendance was very large, and on the entrance ot the English and American deputations, they were loudly welcomed. The walls were tastefully decorated with the flags of different na tions intertwined. At 12 o’clock, Victor Hugo, representative of the people came forward and took the chair. The programme of resolutions was then submitted, after the names of the different deputations were read, as follows : “Recourse to arms being a usage con demned alike by religion, morality, reason and humanity, it is the duty of all men to adopt measures calculated to bring about the abolition of war; and the following re solutions will be submitted to the friends of universal peace, assembled in the Con gress at Paris, on the 22d, 23d, 21th and 25th August, 1549 : “1. As peace alone can insure the mo ral and material interests of nations, it is the duty of all governments to submit to arbitration all differences that ariso be tween them, and to respect the decision of arbitrators whom they may choose. “2. It is ot the highest importance to call the attention of governments to the necessity of entering, by a general and si multaneous measure upon a system of dis armament for the purpose of reducing the national expenditure, and of removing at the same time a permanent cause of’ dis quietude and irritation from among the nations. “3. The Congress recommends all the friends of peace to prepare public opin ion in their respective countries, for the for mation of a Congress of Nations, whose sole object it should be to frame a code of international laws, on just principles, and to constitute a Supreme Court, to which should be submitted all questions relating to the reciprocal rights and duties of na tions. ‘'4. The Congress condemns all loans and taxes intended for tire prosecution of wars of ambition and conquest. “5. The Congress recommends its mem bers to endeavor to eradicate from the minds of all, in their respective countries, both by means of ir better education of youth, and by other practical methods, those political prejudices aril hereditary hatreds which have so often been the cause of disastrous wars. “6. The Congress addresses tire same invitation to all ministers of religion, whose sacred mission is to encourage feel ings of good will among men ; as to the various organs of the press, which exer cise so powerful an influence over the pro gress of civilization. “7. The Congress earnestly hopes for the improvement of the means of internal communication ; for the extension of pos tal reform ; for the universal adoption of the same standard of weights, measures, and coinage ; and for the multiplication of Peace Societies, which shall keep up a correspondence with each other. “8. The Congress decides that the Com mittee be instructed to draw up an Ad dress to all nations, embodying the reso lutions of the Congress ; and that this ad dress shall be presented to the various governments, and that special means be taken to bring it under the attention of the President of the French Republic.’’ The Hon. V. Hugo wa3 received with loud applause. On his left was M. Co querel, representative of the people and Protestant clergyman, and on the the right M. Deguerry, cure of the Madeline. Af ter a moment’s pause, Mr. Heoo arose and delivered the following address : Gentlemen. — Many of you have come from the most remote quarters of the globe, your hearts full of religious and ho ly thoughts. You number in your ranks public men, philosophers, ministers of re ligion, eminent writers, and many of those public men who are the lights of their na tion. You have wished to date from Pa lis the declarations of this assembly, of convinced and serious men, who desire not only the welfare of one people, but also that of all nations. You have come to add to the principles which at the present time influence statesmen, governors, and legis lators, a superior principle. You have come to turn over in some sort the last and most august prayer of the gospel, that which enjoins peace on the children of God ; and in this city, which has hitherto only cheered the fraternity of citizens, you j have come to proclain the ftaternity of men. Gentlemen, wc bid you a hearty wel come—Gentlemen, is this religious thought the universal peace of all nations, bound to one another by a social bond, not of the gospel ? Is this idea capable of realization. Many poli ical men reply no! As for my self, I reply with you, without hesitation, yes ! (loud applause.) And I shall try to prove the truth of my statement immedi ately. But Tgo farther. I not only say that it is an object capable of being realis ed, but that it is inevitable : all that can bte done is to hasten or retard its con-:'am mation. The law of the is r.u't and cannot be distinct t J lc ’ iavv 0 f g. oi ] But the law nf'jod not war, but, peace. Mon begin vv.i’n struggles, just as creation commenced with chaos. Whence do they come ? Evidently from war. Whether are they going ? To peace. When you affirm these lofty truths, it is quite plain that your affirmation meets with negation that yourfaith meets with incredulity, that in this hour of our troubles and of our commotions the idea of our universal peace surprises and alarms every one as being the apparition of something impossi ble and ideal. It is quite possible that our views will be called Utopian ; and as far as concerns myself, an humble and obscure laborer in the nineteenth century, I accept this opposition without being ei ther astonished or discouraged by it. Is it possible fur you to prevent people turn ing aside their heads and closing their daz zled eyes when, in the midst of the thick darkness which still surrounds us, you suddenly open the radiant gate of the Fu ture. It any one, gentleman, four centu ries ago, during the time when commune waged war against commune, town against town, and province against province; if any one had said to Lorraine, to Picardy, to Normandy, to Bretague, to Auvergne, to Provence, to Dauphiny, to Burgundy— A day vvili come when you will no longer bear arms one against the other—when it will no longer be said, “The Normans have attacked Picardy,” or “The men of Lorraine have beaten the Burgundians,” you will still have many difficulties to ar range,many interests to discuss, many dis putes to settle; but do you know what you will put in the place of armed men ? of infantry and cavalry ? of cannon and falconets ?of lances, pikes, and swords? You will put in the place of all these a lit tle wooden box, which you will call the balloting box, and from that box will pro ceed an assembly, an assembly in which you feel you all live, which will act as a sou! to all of you—a sovereign and popu lar council—which will decide, will judge, will settle all questions—will make the sword fall from the hands of all, and jus tice rise in every heart—which will say to each man, “Here ends thy right, there be gins thy duty !”—Lay down your arms ! live in peace ! and on that day you will feel that you have one common thought, common interest, a common destiny ; you will embrace one another, you will recog- J nize one another as children of the same j blood and of the same race. On that day ; you will cease to be hostile tribes; you i will be a people ; you will no longer be j Burgundy, Provence, Normandy, Britta ny —you will be France. Appeals will: no longer be made to war, but to civiliza tion. (loud applause.) If at the period I allude to, such words had been uttered, all men of serious char acter, and all great, politicians of that day would have exclaimed—What a dream! what ignorance of the human heart! what folly ! Time, however, has gone on, and ■ this and ream, this folly, has been realized, i Well you say at the present day, and I join with you in saying it, all of us here present speak to France, to England, to Prussia,to Austria, to Spain, to Italy, to Russia, and say, “A day will come when arms will fall from your hands a'so when war will appear as absurd, and will boas impossible between Paris and London, be tween Vienna and Turin, or between St. Petersburg and Berlin, as it would now appear between Rouen and Amiens, or be tween Boston and Philadelphia.” A day will come when France, Russia, Italy, England, Germany, all the nations of the Continent, without losing your distinguish ed characteristics, and your glorious iden tity, will be merged into a superior unity, and shall form an European fraternity, just as Normandy. Brittany. Burgundy, Lorraine, Alsace, have been blended into France, The day will come when the only battle-field shall be the market open to commerce and to the new ideas cf the mind. A day will come when bullets and shells will be replaced by votes, by univer sal suffrage, and by the arbitration ofa great sovereign senate, which shall be to Europe what the Parliament is to Eng land, or the Diet to Germany, or the Le gislative Assembly is to France. (Loud applause.) Ihe time will come when a cannon will be exhibited as an old instru ment of torture, and wonder expressed how such a thing could have been used. A day, I say, will come when the United States of America and the United States of Europe will be seen extending to each other the hand of fellowship across the ocean, and when we shall have the happi ness of seeing everywhere arising the ma jestic radiation of universal accord. Sub ject worthy of meditation. It ij> our precautions against war which have brought about revolutions. All lias been done, all expended against imaginary danger. Misery—the real danger—has thus been aggravated. Nevertheless, gentlemen, let us not despair ; on the con trary, let us hope more than ever ; let ns only regard our epoch in its proper light. After all, it is a prodigious and admirable epoch, and the nineteenth century will constitute the most important pnge of His tory. One kind of progress brings on an other; the full of national animosities, the obliteration offron iers from the map. and of prejudices from the hea:t ; a tendency to unity and the level of education, the predominance of the most literary langua grs—all move at the same time and con verge to the same end—the creation of well-being and good-will—the extinction of misery at home and of war abroad (im mense applause). Yes, the era of revolu tions is drawing to a close, and that of improvements is beginning. The im provement of nations leaves it violent form "old takes a peaceable one. The time is come when Providence will substitute, for the disorderly action of agitators, the reli gious and calm action of peacemakers, (loud applause). Henceforward this will be the object ftf true politics; the recognition of all nation alities— the restoration of the historical unity of the people, the connection of the country with civilization by means of peace—the incessant enlargement of the civilized world, the giving of a good ex ample to nations that are still barbarous— the substitution of arbitration for ba tles, and, to crown the whole, the utterance by justice of the last word which this ancient world uttered by force. Gentlemen, 1 say in conclusion, and let this thought encour age us, is it not to day that the human race is traversing this Providential road ? In our old Europe, England lias taken the first step, and has said to the people: You are free. France lias taken the second step, and has said to the people : \ nu arc sovereign. Now let ustake the third step, and let France, England, Belgium, Ger many, Italy, Europe, and America, all unite in saying to the people : You are brethren ! Immense applause followed this ad dress. Ihe cheers were repeated over again : and at last three hurras were giv en in the English fashion. Burning or Packet Ship Charleston. L he Charleston, Morrison, for Charles ton, sailed from Nevv-York on Friday, the 14th inst., with an assorted cargo; having experienced variable weather ; on the 19th was compelled to lay-to, in a violent gale ftom the Last, off Cape Lookout, doing much injury to the ship, in hull, sails and rigging, causing her to leak—washed awav bulwarks, deck load, &c., and filling the cabin with water. Early on the 20th, the gale shifted to the North-West and blew with great violence, but with a more favor able aspect —attempted to increase sad— the barometer, which had been at 2S and 5 10, in a rising sta’e. Made sail—close reef topsails and courses; standing to the W estward, havingdr.fted into or near the Gulf stream. Ihe Captain being fatigued and finding the weather moderating, retir ed, leaving the nesessary instructions with the officer of the deck. About G o’clock, A. M., on the 21st, he was informed that smoke was making its appearance in the house on deck; he immediately cleared away and endevoured to see from whence the smoke proceeded, and discovered it coming from the hold, through the hatches. On raising the hatch he found it impossi ble to stand the smoke. The hatch was immediately laid on, and every precaution used to prevent ventilation. He made all necessary preparations for the worst. Soon after discovered a sail to leeward, bore away for ir, and set signal of distress 1 —on approaching they found it to be the i brig Phil ura, Capt. i hatcher, from New; \otk for bavannah, and informed him of j being on fire, when be kindly offered to render any kind of assistance and remain ed by the ship. The weather being still boisterous and the sea running high, tbe Captain could not risk bis boat' out; the | weather in the meantime was moderating and the fire was making much progress throughout the ship. Preparations were made to send the passengers on board the brig ; at 3, P. M., succeeded in getting the i passengers on board the brig ; the officers 1 and crew remained until 7, P. M., when they could not stand the smoke ; the fire made its appearance through the decks l"o --fove the Captain and crew left. The wind was blowing hard and weather squally, and it was with much difficulty the got on board the brig about S o’clock, P. M., at which time the ship was in flames fore and aft. Capt. Morrison saw the smoke of the burning ship at 3, A. M., on the morn ing of the 22d inst. 1 here were 13 cabin passengers, and tbe crew consisted of 16 persons, including the officers.— Savannah Republican, 26th inst. The Elephant —When Cousin Tcha bod first saw him at a show, he exclaimed, with mute astonishment : “Then that’s the rale Menagerer— the identical critter itself! I swear! wouldn’t two of’em make a team to draw stun with ? —Golly, ain’t he a stronger !” Ichabod went “hum” and related what lie had seen. “1 seen,” said he, “the ginewine Menagerer—the durndest biggest lump of flesh that ever stirred ! lie had two tails, tew—one be hind and t'other before. Phiiisofiers calls t lie fore ’on a pronobscus. He put one of his tails in.iny pocket, and hau ed out all the gingerbread every hooter. VV’hat and ye think he done with it ? Why, he stuck it in his own pocket, and began to fumble for more, dam him!” Kailroud Convention. . Augusta, Sett. 2G, 1849. At an adjourned meeting to this city of the late Macon Railroad Convention, in the absenceof tbe President, Gen. Bled soe, of Putnam, was called to the Chair and John Milledge, Esq., of Richmond, was requested to act as Secretary. I he following gentlemen appeared and took their seats as delegates, viz : Messrs. Bledsoe, Young, N. Bass, Per tyman, Hudson, Moseley, Dennis, 11. Bass and Wright, of Putnam. _ Messrs. L. N. \\ kittle, S. T. Chapman, 1. J, Shinholser, R. A. L. Atkinson and Dr. Jas. Td. Green, of the city of Macon Messrs. John I’. King, John C. Sneed, John Milledge, A. J. Miller, James M. Smythe, H. C. Arms, W. A. Walton, P. Stovall, M. P. Stovall, B. H. Warren and W . M. D Antignac, of Augusta. On motion, Messrs. Cunningham and Linton were requested to take seats as delegates from Greensborough. Reports from Committees appointed at the previous meeting were then called for whereupon Col. Bass in behalf of the Committee from Putnam, reported sub i sciiptions to tbe amount of $72,950, with assurances of a considerable increase. Mr. W hiltle, from the Macon Commit tee, reported that, including private and public subscriptions, the amount offered from that city was <S>ISI,OOO. Mr. Miller made some remarks in refe rence to the action of the City Council oP Augusta on this subject. After remarks made by Messrs. King, Bass, Chapman and \\ hi'.tlc, in regard to this project, a motion was made and carried that a Com mittee of two from each delegation he ap pointed by the Chair to report to this meet ing, at 5 o’clock this afternoon. The appointed Messrs. Chapman and W hittle, of Macon, Messrs. N. Bass and Perryman, of Eatonton, King and D’An tignac, of Augusta, and John Cunning ham, of Greensboro’, that Committee.— liie President, on motion, was made Chairman of this Committee. 1 he moe'ing then adjourned tuso’clock this afternoon. 5 O'clock r. m. 41 he Convention met at 5 o’clock P. M. according to adjornment, when the com mittee reported through theii Chairman, the President, the following resolutions, whic h on motion, were received and unani mously adopted . Resol red , That this Convention do recom mend that the Georgia Railroad and Bank ing Company proceed, at the earliest prac ticable period, to construct, under their existing charter, a branch fiom some point on the Georgia Railroad to the town of Eatonton in Putnam county. Resolved, That the said" Company be also recommended to apply to the next Legislature of Georgia for an increase of its capital stock,‘and such other legislative action as may be necessary for an exten sion of the said Eatonton branch to the city of Macon, and that stockholders in said branch be admitted to all the benefits, privileges and immunities of tbe present stockholders in ilie company—in other words, that tbe stock of said Road and said Branch to Macon be consolidated. J he thanks of the Convention were ten dered to the President and Secretary, and ordered that its proceedings be published. The Convention then 'adjourned. KOBERT BLEDSOE, Cb’n. John Milledge, Secretary. IHE \ IOILANCE COMMITTEE AND THE Post Office. —We had quite a stir in our village on Friday last when the Southern mail was delivered. As is usual on that day, a large number of gentlemen from rite country were in attendance, waiting for their lettets and papers. Col. Wil liam Sloan was among the first to receive his, and upon examination he found a prin ted document post marked Boston, mailed as a letter, charged with ten cents postage, signed Junius, and addressed to the hon. John C. Calhoun, ofa most malicious, of fensive,and insulting character South ern people. This document was read bv Colonel Sloan aloud and it produced much excitement among the persons as sembled. A call was made upon the Post Master to know if there were any others iti the office,to which he replied that there were thirty-eight in all. The Executive Committee of the Committee of Vigilance and Safety immediately assembled to take action in the matter, and as the excitement was very great, they concluded that it would be better to hold the course to be pursued under consideration until the next morning. It was proposed by gentle men present that they would take charge of the person of the Post, Master until the Committee obtained possession of the j;n pers, but this was declined as the Commit tee wished to avoid violence. The next morning the Committee assembled at tbe office and made a demand for the letters, the Post Master refused to give them up unless to those to whom they were address ed and the payment of the postage, and urged his duties as an officer of the Gen eral Government. The Committee told him they were determined to have the pa pers peacably if they could, forcibly if t hey must, and that resistance would be in vain. They then entered the office, shoved the Post Master aside, and took possession of them, and now have them under lock and key,where they will remain until the meet ing of the Committee of Vigilance and Sa ety, on the 29th inst. What course the Committee will recommend to he adop ted to meet this new mode of assaulting the people of :ho South we can not say, but of one thing we arc certain and that is, that the most en Tgetic mentis will be resorted to. Pendleton (S. C.J Messenger, 21s£ inst. MACON, G A . SATURDAY MORNING, SEPT. 29, 1849. O’The friend in Augusta who forwarded to us the official proceedings of tile Railroad Con vention, which assembled in that city on Wed nesday last, (which will be found in another column,) together with a voar’s subscription for the “Southern .Museum,” will please accept our thanks for the favor, which we shall be pleased to reciprocate at any time hereafter. Tor. Election. —Onr readers will bear in mind that on Monday next, the election for Gov ernor and .Members to tbe General Assembly of the State of Georgia, takes place. Ofthe merits of the opposing candidates each voter will of coursejudge for himself, and cast his suffrage ac cordingly. For the convenience of those who wish to make comparisons, we insert in another column the official vote for Members to Congress cast at the election in 1848. Error. —We stated in our last paper, that the Rev. Walter R. Gran-ham would deliver an address to the Sons of Temperance on Mon day evening next. This was incorrect. The address will be delivered on Monday evening week, Btli proximo, and an address will be de livered by different members of the Order once every two weeks thereafter. The Weather. — Itis now four weeks since we have had any rain here, and our streets have become very' dusty in consequence thereof. To the farmer the dry weather has been very favor able for gathering cotton —We observe that in Abbeville District. S. C. eighteen ordinary field hands picked in one day 4,325 lbs—averaging 241 lbs. each. There was no prospect of rain last evening. [O’Cotton was quoted at New York on the evening of the 26th at 11J all for Fair Up land—3,soo bales void. At Savannah from the 20th to 2Gtli inst. only 800 hales were sold at from 8j to 10.-J cents. A choice lot of 14 bales brought 10§ cents. At Charleston on tbe 26th, 1500 bales were sold at from 94 to 10. J cents. iljTTlic Charleston Mercury, in noticing the loss of the ship Charleston, an account of which will be found in another column, says: “The Charleston was a fine vessel, about five years old, belonging to the Union Line of New York packets. We understand that she had a consid" arable portion of dry goods on board consigned to merchants in the interior. The value of the vessel is estimated at $150,000, principally in sured in New York. Tbe loss ofbotb tbe offices here is less than $5 000.” O’M. I’ous'siN, late Minister from France to this country has been recalled and Mr. Do Men tiiolov, it is said, appointed in bis place. From tiie correspondence which has been published, vve do not apprehend any serious difficulty with France in relation to the matters in dispute.— We think the people of the two countries will icqnitc some lungiblo ounce for war boforn they e.tn consent to draw the sword against each other. A Telegraph dispatch in the Charleston papers states that through ihe friendly intervention of Mr. Crampton. the lititish Charge d’Affairs, Mr Poussin has made conciliatory propositions to our Government through the Secretary of State. The matter was referred to tbe President, who refused to allow Mr. P. to resume bis official du ties until further advices were received from France. Another dispatch says a sharp correspondence has recently t;?ken place between Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State, and the British Minister, in relation, it is supposed, to the Mosquito question. [CJ’Tbe people of Mobile intend building a Railroad to connect the Tennessee River with the head waters of Mobile Bay. Montgomery will probably be its terminus, as that city is the most eligible on the river. Lasest from Europe.— The steamer Ameri ca has am ved, bringing Li verpool dates to tho loll) inst. The demand for cotton was moderate and the sales of the week amounted to 31,700 bales—Quotations the, same ns previous week, say s®d. for Fair Mobile arid Upland, and 5Jd. for Fair Orleans. Trade in the manufacturing districts less brisk, although still reported good. From Vep.a Cruz. —The British steamer Sev ern arrived at Mobile from Vera Cruz, on the 16th inst. bringing $15,000 for New Orleans.— Mr. Clifford, onr late Minister to Mexico, re turned in her. Gen. Paredes, ex-President died recently in Mexico. I. O. O. F.—The following are the new offi cers of the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of the United States, now in session in Baltimore, who were installed on the 18l!t inst. P G. M. Robert H. Griffin, cf Georgia, Grand Sire. P. G. M. A. S. Kellogg, of Michigan, Depu ty Grand Sire. P. G. M. James L. Ridgeley, of Maryland, Grand Recording Secretary. P■ G. M. Andrew E. Warner, of Maryland, Grand Treasurer. The Grand Lodge adjourned on the 24th inst. to meet at Cincinnati on the second Monday of September, 1850. • (Fj’Tlic. Savannah Georgian of the 25th inst. says : “VVe iearn that the case of the State vs. J. Humphreys, for the killing of Dr. T. F Moore, "as investigated at the present term of the Sti- S perior Court of Telfair county, and a verdict of justifiable homicide rendered.” Railroad. —The Knoxville Register snvs: ! “We learn from a gentleman just from that por tion of the country, that there are about live hundred hands at work on the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad between the Hi wassee riv- I er ami Dalton, and that they are pushing the | work along rapidly.” General Education. This subject can never become trite while properly discussed. No thought is more true, and no truth more important, than that general intelligence is the only palladium of our free institutions. Notwithstanding this truth there are upwards ofthirty thousand free white citizens within the limits of the Stale of Georgia over fifteen years ofage, who can neither read nor write ! This is a humiliating thought to tho patriot, and calls loudly upon our legislators to devise means to correct this great evil. Hereto fore little has been effected towards educating those who really need assistance from the public. We shall not pretend to point out the defects in the present system, or attempt to suggest im provements in it, as there are others more com petent to the task, and should we succeed in drawing the proper attention to the subject we shall he content. That it is the duty as well as interest ofthe State to provide for the education of her poor, very few, if any, will deny. If the masses are ignorant, no integrity of principle no singleness of purpose—no rectitude of inten tion, can cither prevent or postpone their politi cal ruin. Let general intelligence be ns- exten sive, or rather as universal, as tho right of our citizens to aspire to the performance of public service, and we shall have no cause to complain ofthe ignorance of our rulers, or the degradation of the people. What constitutes the chief glory of Connecticut and Massachusetts, hut their ad mirable poor school systems, by which every citizen can acquire and enjoy the inestimame blessings of a good education ? We confess there is now amongst us too much superficial, and by far too little practical education. Let the poor be provided for—the rich can and do take care of themselves. Instead of homage being done Mammon, let Minerva become the ascendant goddess, and tilings will soom assume quite a different phase—and thousands of the youth of land who are now groping their way in ignorance will bo enabled to do the State some service, by becoming ornaments to society. Were only a moiety of the efforts used in ob taining wealth applied to the pursuit of knowl edge, how much better and happier would the people be—the former we believe rarely affords contentment to .its possessors, whilst the latter gives pleasure which those deprived of itcannot know. Some author has very justly remarked that “ a soul without an education, like a pile without inhabitant, to ruin runs ” If it were not for enjoying some portion of education the world would have but few enjoyments for us. As an -illustration let us recur to Europe during the dark ages. For some hundreds of years anterior to that period,Christianity flourished in its primeval purity. Learning shone yvitli all the effulgence of a summer's sun yvhen in his tneridial splendor. The arts and sciences yvere carried to perfection —the roads, palaces and other public buildings the aequeduets and bridges which were con structed at that time have been the model of architects in nil countries; nor have they, with all the advantages which have been afforded them by modern machinery, been able greatly loexcel the originals—that they have done so in some instances wc admit. But how else than l>r education, have ilioen results Keen nhtaincd ) For some time previous to the dark ages the people had neglected learning, and given them selves up wholly to the love and acquirement of riches—which never have failed to enervate and ruin any nation—and we fear is now producing too much pride and effeminacy in our own land. So wealthy, and to such a pitch of grandeur had the people of ancient Rome arrived, that the rude and simple nations of the North found no difficulty in plundering them. Now, if gold has such potent charms—if wealth lias such power, why did it not save Rome, instead of making her so desirable an object of plunder ? Her treasu ry was emptied—her palaces and public bui d ings were demolished or burnt—her liberty- yvas prostrated, and her inhabitants remained passive spectators of the scene. All resistance censed— all resentment was forgotten—all virtue was lost. With the fall of Rome learning itself was pros trated. It seemed as if a universal pall had been spread over nature. Even hope, the never-dying friend of the oppressed, “ For a season hade the world farewell.” There was scarcely any act contained in the long catalogue of crimes, that was not committed in open day and with perfect impunity. A mental darkness o’ershadovved the earth, for ignorance had resumed its empire. Learning fled for refuge into monasteries and other inac cessible haunts. It was in them that the frag ments of ancient literature were kept, which are now extant, and which have been the theme for admiration in all succeeding ages. It was in those places that the Bible was preserved, and which, if it had been lost, would have perished the light ofthe sun that illuminates and cheers the world ; for then we would have been truly benighted, without a knowledge of ihe sublime and saving truths contained in it. But amidst the universal gloom which pervaded Europe, when they had been plundered of both their wealth and their liberties, learning fortunately survived the shock. Phcenix-like, it arose out of its own ashes. With renewed splendor, it burst forth on astonished Europe, and its enno bling influences have been felt over nearly the inhabitable globe. Pope, speaking in ecstatic strains of that happy period, used the following pithy language: “ Then sculpture and her sister arts revive, Stones leap'd to form and rock began to live; With sweeter notes each rising temple rung A Raphad painted and a Vida sung.” The good, the wise and the great, have in all ages lauded education to the skies ; while the)' have lamented in the most plaintive terms the ignorance that pervaded the world. Addis o '' speaking of cdunation says : “ I consider the hu man soul without education, like marble in the quarry ; which shews none of its inherent beau ties, until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, spot and vein, that run* through tho body ofit. Whatsciilpture i*l° l^e block of marble, education is to the human soul- The philosopher, the saint, tho hero, the "'l*®’ the good, i>r the great man, often lies concealed in n plebeian, which a proper educ ation rr»igl |S have disinterred and brought to light