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4) FAJ ^HE NEWSPAPER. %o you, all readers Urn, and the}' cun loot f*leus’d on a paper who abhor a book; Those who ne’er rise a sermon to peruse, Wouil think it hard tone denied their r»ewv Sinners *nd Saints, the w.scst with the weak, lie re mingle tastes, anti one amusement seek) Tfus, like the public inn, provides a treat, 'Where e;tph promiscuous guest sits down to «a£ And such tnis^ncutai food, as we may call, Something to all men, . mi to some men uiL Add nest th’ amusement which the motley page i fiords to either sex and every age: o! wheie it comes before the winter’s fire Damps from the press in smoky curls aspire^ if As from the earth the sun exhales the aew) Ere we can read the wonders that ensue; 'Then eager every eye surveys Ulejiart, 'That brings its favorite subject to the hear*| tiSrave politicians look for taels alone, And gravely add conjectures of their own. The sprightly nymph who never broke her rest i'or tottering crowns, or mighty lands opprest, ■Finds broils aiiu ti^tues, but neglects them ali For songs and suits, a birfh-day or a ball: The piodding man o’erlooks each idle tal* 3por “Money’s wanted, and “Estates on sale;” While some with equal uiu<ls to all attend, leas’d with each part and griev’d to find an ends A SOURY COMPLIMENT. A fedefal editor in Pniiadelpina toasts Washington, because he could have enslaved his country, but would fiot. This contemptible man would make the great Washington just a little better than Arnold; for the vile purpose of ilegrading a ■whale nation to otter incense to , One man'. It is not true, that Washington was the found- w of American independence—it is not true, that he wms ^‘/Ae father” of ms country. He Wag one of many found ers, one of many fathers of our liberties. Wny do silly factionists attempt to sully that great man’s fame, by •comparisons that are false, and imputations that are odi ous?—vVb»»For/." Columbian. BEWARE OK NAMES. The following admonition to the American people in line of Oobbett’s late Registers, is worthy of Cato, or dm- •%Us, or Franklin. . “Give me leave here, before I proceed further, to cau tion you against a very dangerous error. I see, much of- tener than 1 could wish, very exaggerated praise., bestow ed on the memory of General it ashington, lloubtless you owe him great gratitude. His skill, fortitude and tialor, contributed largely towards your success. Rut, ti> call him the gather of your country, the father of your independence, is a little too much in our courtly style, and lias a very dangerous tendency. jVames are always mis- «hieveous, especially in republics. One name is at last, put in opposition to another name, and then the public •oon drop out of sight. Amongst all our innumerable follies, we have had the sense to get rid of names; and it would be provoking indeed to see you persevere in this greatest of all follies, after wti have cast it oil.”—Letter V JVo. 12. (Jobbett is certainly right. American independence is fiot due to one man; -* it had many fathers, and, whilst Louis the eighteen is styied the father ot France, it is <n Wilting the memory of the great and good Washington to give him a similar nick-name.—ib. . ■ - . __ .... . oriifiung the state, which possesses tiUun, is so jar ukeiy to be the- -peering our rigi richest. ;/ -t i ft ■ ‘ ; *r» ♦> 2d >*r<i^onh'oni- i -W!ierever the'*e staples do not flottrish, where the soil is a hard one, and the waters are destitute of fish, the state is so fur wanting ah the means of pros perity. The axe, the plough ami the seine, being com paratively useless, it must fly to some other means of sup port; to manufacture, to trade, to navigation. Which of the United States, then, boasts of die richest staples? Wliich of thefn must bend its attention to some other than agricultural labors? » One is at no loss to see, that the states, which, have the richest staples, are so far- superior to o tilers not. only in their trade with each other, but with foreign ports. Those, which are most deficient in staples, may be su perior in commercial capital. They may pureliase and ship the staples of the other state^jbut tins very operation so far lays them under debt to the producing states. A mass of debt is accumulated, in favor of the latter, which the former must discharge m some other way. Thus, the balance of trade is most likeij to preponderate in their fa vor. Thus, when, durhig the late war, there was a door left open, for die shipment of Carolina cotton, toe north ern merchants grew in debt to the native of South Caro lina, lus cotton was bought up, and to pay for it, drafts on Tl.iis is hot dsEbriry' eaSe in wliich" ofie is astonished at The perseverance eft the eastern states ui refusing th sup port the interest*of their own country, (which were more emphatically dtdr own inlelvs. s.) Nor is on* at any loss to guess, that centuries will not elapse, beloi-etlie com petition of interests, of trade and ot the fisheries, will make A Via England a decided opponent of Ola Eng land. „ , ’Vhe it hale Fishery—(says Mr. Pitkin, from yhose ‘valuable production most ot these statements art? com piled)—“first attracted the attention of the Americans ir. 1690, and origmated at the Island of Nantucket, in vouts from die shore. In 1715, six sioops, ot 58 tons burthen each, were employed in this fishery, from that is land. For many )ears, tlieir adventures were confined to the American couSt, but as whales grew scarce here, they were extended to the Western Islands, and to the Brazils,and at length to die North andtioath bea.” No particular reports, for the latter years, have come down to us; but from 1787 to 1789, ninety one vessels, of 5820 tons, were annually employed in die northern fishery, and tnirty one vessels,of 4896 ions, in the southern with 1611 seamen, most ot titm belonging to Nantuck et, Uoston, Dartmouth, and «thc reports of .Massachusetts. “Formany years pase, this fishery lus been carried on Carolina, or what was nearly the same thing, her bank J from Nantucket and from Wcw Bedford, a Us,, e coin- notes grew in request. In the language ol the money mercial ami flourishing towi( on the coast, in its neigfi- market, this exchange grew in favor of South Cnrouiia.—- boriiood, .hid has employed fiom 15 to lb tlioushand tons The same effect was not so striking in tile tr-ue tor the tobuccoes of Virginia; because the door wws blocked up ! by the squadrons of the enemy. But the moment the, seal was broken; and tobaccoes could be s.o.ppeu, die ; balance of trade, the rate of exchange, all rue s\ uipion.s j of returning prosperity were seen m our h i or. The same effects are visible ui tne tr-ae wnh foreign ports, liow do vve &y.for the. articles wi niipcnr— Principally with the" staple productions of this country, wita our cotton, tobacco, rice, grains, fish, sugar, &c»— These are eidier chrecuy shipped to the country whence we get our goods; or, sent .o other marke s, on whom we draw bids in favor of the country from which we get those goods. Without the etportationoi staples, we snouid be uiuble to p. y for tiie greater part of the goo us wliich v. e consume, such states, then, as abound in die richest staples, are so far most likely to have tne balance of trade in then-favor. Bids ot exchange abound among them. Wliich are tiie States, then, distinguished by the richest StapUs? And, n the t/uasiU:y corresponds wnh the value, are the most ni-eiv to advance in wealth, anu most ame to command tne labor, «iid tne f ruits of the labor of other countries? The so®th seems most likely, in these respects, to take the lead of north. Sugar on tiie bailies oi llie Mississippi, the citcoiu of Georgia and South Carolina; the Vooaceoes of Virginia, are tne richest because they are confined to certain spots, and nature seems to have declared to the powers of supply, “ Thus far shoit thou go mid anu no farti^r!” It is stated in the London Evening Star, that more than .jftie thousand able seamen have emigrated to America since die termination of the war. (We had expected it to have been an admitted fact that we neither look nor long for better seamen Ulan our own—the first rate British seamen will, most assuredlv, tiave to play the second fiddle in our service.)' SKETCHES. The following series of Sketches have appeared in the Compiler—and, though .evidently penned in much haste, ■and most of ttieir statements dr-wn from Pitkin’s Sta tistics, yet they contain a body of facts, which it is not easy to meet w'ltu any where else m so compact a •form. We shall pablisn tne eleven Sketches in succession, . taking care, as we goTlong, to correctsuch errors as had •crept into the o> .ginal publication.—Aiquirer. SKETCHES, Agricultural and Commercial—No. I. Each section of the United States has sonic particular -strticlc^wiiich may be styled its staple. The eastern states liave lumber and ashes from their woods, and fish from the Great Bank—the middle slates have their grains Maryland and V irginiu can boast of their tobaccoes and •wheat—Soudi-Carohna and Georgia appear with tiieir cotton and rice—Louisiana with sugar, and the -western states bring to market a sort of oila podidra—a dish of all sorts, (excepting fish) comprising a variety of articles, ■partly raw, partly manufactured, from tlieir fields •and tiieir work-shops. Those states wilhnccess rilv become so far the richest, ■wliich are able to boast of tiie ricliest staple. When an article requires a peculiarity of soil and climate for its production, wealth flows into he region which boasts of these peculiar qualifications. If an article grow in de mand, the effect is visible by a new supply of it being thrown into the market . Raise tiie price of wheat, more- land is immediately sown, and more grain is raised. But if the supply "is Limited by the laws of nature; if an art i cle of a peculiar quality demands a particular sun and soil for its production, the demand may. in a variety of ■oases outrun tiie supply. Competition, the great regula tor of profit and rent, is stript of its effect. Those, who have to sell, are more in a situation to dictate the terms of the treaty to \hose who have to buy. The price of *he article is iiigherrtban the average price of others more profit is made, after deducting all expences—and wealth pours into the lap. This great principle, which the laws of nature pre scribe as an exception to the laws of enmnetition^is trac ed in the 11th Chapter of the 1st Book of Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations.” He applies it to the case of the Vineyard. “The vine (says he) is more affected by the difference of soils than any other fruit-tre ?. From some it derives a flavor which no culture or management can equal, it is supposed, upon any other. This flavor, real or imaginary, is something peculiar to the produce of a few vineyards; sometimes it extends Jffirough the greater part of a small district, and sometimes through a consi derable part of a large province. The whole quantity of such wines that is brought to market falls £hort of the effectual demand, or the demand of those who would be ■wilting to pay the whole rent, profit and wages necessary for the preparing and bringing them thither, according to the-fate at which they are paid in tiie common vine yards. The whole quantity, therefore, can he disposed of to those who are Willing to pay more, which necessa rily raises the price above that of common wine.” Mr. -Smith carries the same proposition into the sugar rr intations of the West-Indies, and the tobacco fields of Maryland and Virginia. He might have applied it with equal efficacy to the cotton fields of Georgia and South. Carolina, /re have lived to see its effects in this direc tion. South-Carolina, cloathed in her cotton, has no cause to envy the silks of Fra nce, the wools of Spain, or the mines of Mexico Let her but strike the ground, and wealth pours profusedLv around her. SKETCHES, fet —Nd. 2. “Those states then, are so far the richest which are able to boast of the richest staple.” By staple, Ls meant some article, abounding in a parti cular region, whether it sfirings from the water, the woods or the fields, which the labor of man gathers from these natural sources; articles which are comparatively raw, not manufactured—which come, ns it were, from the plastic hand of nature; before they are wrought to use by much mechanical skill. Of this description, are fish, lumber, ashes, grains, to bacco, rice, cotton; they are agricultural, more than ma nufacturing products. Thev seem rather to spring from nature than art; they are gathered from the fields and the waters, father than the elaborating work-shops. Sugar and fiiur. too, are staples, because they not onlff abound in certain places, but they na*T«-/j>ya>ioiind there The raw material, of which they are framed, is just as it were, out of the hands ot nature; the straw or the cane might have grown in the next field to the mill or the press; ft r ipwtlj M the swne farm and under the same proprie- *>r. Sugar would be the richest staple iifthe Union, fit were not common to Louisiana, to Georgia, and to tne circle ot the West Indies. Cotton is more appropriated to Carolina, than sugar to Louisiana—and so far, it is more lucrative. Tobacco is as much confined to a particular region of \ ir- ginia, as cotton ' o Carolina—but it costs more to make it, olid is less generally used. The grams are less lucra tive, because they cover a iarg-er space of the civilized world. Having thus glanced at the peculiar richness of the sta ples, it may be an interesting maln r to give a general view of their amount, exported. In other words, to take up each article by itself, and ve how much of it is shipped from the United States. Tins win furnish a sort of general history of the commercial exports of the United States. SKETCHES, See. No. 3 Eiroais—Of Staples. Mr. Gallatin, while he was at the head of the treasury, classed the zxvouts of domestic growth, produce, and manufacture, into four divisions— 1st. The produce of the sea. 2d. Theproduce of the forest, od. The produce of agriculture. 4th. Jtfanu futures; and those which are uncertain. With the latter, we have.is yet nothing to do—as, we have confined our views, for the present, to the staple articles of the country; the products of the soil, or tiie water. Mr. Pitkin, in his “statistical view of the commerce of the United States of America, in connection with agri culture and manufactures,” has adopted the same analy tical divisions; winch are useful, not only for the arrange ment of our own ideas, but as they give us a bird’s-eye view of difi various pursuits and callings of our fellow- citizens. Is—. TUB PHnneCTI OF THE SF.A. At the very first mention of this name, we are carried back to New England. The sea is a sort of classic ground on which the fisherman of the nonth delights to rove. We feel at once that we descanting on one of the spiples of the northern states. The principal products of the sea are drawn from the fisheries of the cod and tiie whale. The river fisheries, as those of the herring, the shad, tnesalmon, mackarel, Sx. though very useful here and there, (as for instance, the shad from the bosom of the Janies river,) are not large enough to enter into any general view of our commer cial exports. The cod-fishery—from the very cradle, has berii of great interest to the supply of Massachusetts and New- Hampslure. Situated more in the proximity of the «hoals of cod, winch swarm along the banks of New foundland, they have turned their attention to this source of subsistance and wealth. The ship builder has been encouraged ui ills art: thousands of hardy seamen have been reared in ties nursery of ms profession. Mr. John Adams, whose heart, amidst all its foibles, has beat high for the uiteiestfcand glory of his country, was so aware of the importa/pe of tiie cod-fishery, that he refused to sign the tre„ty «.f ’83 until the right was ex pressly reserved to the people of the United States “to take fish of every kind on the Grand Bunk, and on all the other bonks of Newfoundland—also, in the Gulf of Lawrence, and at all other places in the sea, where tlmmihabitants of both countries used at any time to fish”—with the liberty also, of fishing on such part of the coast of Newfoundland, as British fishermen used; and also on the coasts, bays, and creeks of ail the other parts of the British dominions, but not to dry or cure die fish on tne island of Newfoundland—nor on anv of the bays or harbors elsewhere, except so long as they remained unsettled. The cod-fishery did not thrive considerably for seve ral years—until a representation was made to congress by the legislature-of Mass .chu etts in 1790, and a lumin ous report was penned by Mr. Jefferson, then secretary of state. A law was then passed for giving a bounty on the exportation of salted fish, as a drawback of the duty- imposed on imported salt—wliich was followed up bv a certain compensation to such vessels as were engaged for a certain number of mondisin the cod-fishery. Massachusetts owns most of the vessels employed— though New-Hampshire, Rhode Island, Coifnecticut and New York participate of the business. In the year 18vJ~, Was the greatest amount of tonnage ever employed, being 7d,8o6 tons; of which 62,213 be longed to Massachusetts. The secretary of the treasury estimated the nuiuber of seamen, on an average of ten years, from 1791 to I8uu, at- 50u0, and the average of tonnage at 33,0JO. From 1801 to 1807, the average of the tonnage was about 44,000; of seamen, about 7000. The value of the dried and tiie pickled fish, exported since 1802, is estimated, according to tiie treasury re ports, as follows: Cod or dried fish. g l,620,000 2,400,000 2,058,000 2,150,000 1,896,000 623,000 1,123,000 913,000 757,000 • 592,000 210,000 128,000 The principal market for our fish have been the West- bxlies, and the southern parts of Europe-—there is much demand iii the Utter, principally on account of the lent- daps of the Roman Catholic church; a season when the use offlesh is forbidden by the rituals of their religion. Since the late war, instructions have been issued to de- n|-u* all tike tibartf, ytff>h h»4 hyn reserved by tuctreh. and common s, exported for the years stated, viz. \ 1803," £455,(wo- 1804, $3$,000—1805, <5478,000— 1&0O, gt)jd,ujO—Hiv7, £ a AX u U J—180o, J)lal,oOU— 1809, g.3oj,ood—1510, £o54,0o->—ti-ncc widen penod, the exports have been diuhiushed. SKETCHES, &c.—No. 4. 2« mon e rs of |h, fohksT. These consist of misceilanedkts art.cies, some of the animal, dtners cf the vegitabie-HBid; sut^e- aunost from the hand of nature, others more tv less elutiovolea by tne hand of art. Mr. Pitkin, (from whose instructive pages we copious ly borrow,) pursuing in his return tne arrangeinentof the treasury department, enumerates them in the following order: lumber of ail kuids, navai stores, (such a* ear, pitch, turpentine and rosin) pot and pearl ashes, skins and furs, ginseng, oak li?rk and other ayes, UusiMzti—has always been vuiU,bu_; and is likely to grow more so, as it becomes sc. rcer. When North America was first visited, by tiie foot of. Europeans, die whole- country was groaning under the? V'eignt of forests. Tiie Italians, not drawing dieir food from the fields; not having even made the second step, in the stage e t civilization, to tiie pastoral state, were- anxious to preserve their forests and copses fc-r tne asylum of the beasts ot the cfii.se. As the Europe ans advanced, they Cleared the country of its woods timber in ail its variety, for fuel, or for building, became scarcer—and as it becomes Scarce, tune it becomes more valuable. It has been long 1803 . 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Tickled fish. g560,000 640,000 348,000 366,000 302,000 98,000 282,000 214,000 305,000 146,000 81,000 50,000 since Britain was compelled to look a bread for the ma terials of her raw—and, though the same necessity is not likely to operate in AmeirCa, yet tiie eiiihcui..cs of supply must successively contribute to enhance tiie price. We have always been competent not only to’ supply our own consumption, but to exploit timber for other countries. Centuriei must elapse, before our f o rests can be exhausted; though the axe will sweep every year further and fur her from the rivers and the coasts. This difficulty alone of inland transportation must con tribute to the rise of the article. r “As the first settler* cleared their lands, the timber was of little value except for exportation. The lumber ex ported consists of staves and heading, shingles, iioops and poles, boards, plank, scantling and Umber of various sorts for masts, spars, building, Stc.” The value of the lumber exported, from the yearTtiUj to 18u7, exceeds on an average £2,500,000. Naval S roans—such as tar, pitch, turpentine ami rosin, were at an early day encouraged by bounties from Great Britain. At present, they are principally produced in orth Carolina, and the lower counties of Virginia. As the pitch-pine is cut down for thtse purposes, the tree will become more valuable; much of it, which is else where devoted to subordinate purpose . for cabins and for fences, will be reserved for naval stores. “in the year 177‘J, the quantity of tar exported was 82,075. bar rels, of pitch, 9114 barrels, and of tuipentme, 17,014”— their official value estimated at about 144,006 dollars.— “Sivfce the year 1791, the quantity of these articles has varied aknost every year; in 1795 nine tiiousand and six ty-six barrels of tar were exported. During the \ ears 18u5, 6 and 7, tiie average quantity cf tar exported, was 64,917 barrels—cf turpentine, 74,607 bsrrcis; -nd of pitch, 9008 barrels, and tneir average j aiuc about £56*0,000.” Tot and Pearl Ashes—which are of such immense bene fit in tne arts, particularly the manufactories of linen, soap, glass, 8tc. were encoura- ed by bounties on tiie part ot'Greut-Brf.ahi. Their exportation has been considera bly increased in ■ hese latter years. In 17,7o, tne value of the ashes, exported for the American colonies, w as esti mated at about 290,500 dollars—in 1807, they hua grown to 1,490,000 dollars. As the- woods are cut down, many of them arc burnt, to yield these alkalies from thtir aslies. The back parts of Vermont, New-York and Massachusetts, furnish tiie largest quantities for market. Skins and Furs.—The American forests abound with animals—some of these, such as the deer, the buffalo, and the bear, were the most dedcious food of the natives; others were i-ocd for raiment. Such was tiie situation of things, when the Europeans came to America. They liud made such advances in Uie aits, that usesflvere discover ed for peltries, wliich had never been thought of by the liioccasoutd savage. Some were thrown into the tan ner’s vat; others, into the hatter’s boiler; and some, for coverings of various descriptions. As tiie settlements re ceded from the water, wild beasts fled with the untutor ed inhabitants from the terror of fire-arms. Hence, we are compelled to plunge further and further into the west, for the most valuable peltries. The Indian is still in most cases the agent of the ciiace; he hunts for the white man, who reaps the most of his labor. The region to tiie northwest ot the Ohio, to tiie west of the Mississip pi, and along the southern line of the United States, is thus the principal receptacle, whence we draw the furs and the skins of commerce. The value of these exports has varied considerably.— “In the vear 1770, the official value of these articles ex ported, from all the North American colonies, which in cluded Canada, was about 670,000 dollars. Tiie average value, from 1791 to 1803, was about 300,000 dollars; from 1804 to ’7 inclusive, the annual average value was about 900,000. It is believed, that during these years, a large proportion of the furs exported were brought from Canada, and shipped at the Atlantic ports.” Ginseng, wliich is chewed in China, a*a stomachic, and was got from Tartary, (see sir George Staunton’sJournal,) before they imported it from America, constitutes but a small export from the United States: In 1770, the ex port was estimated at £5000. - “The greatest quantity since 1791 was in I860, being 448,394ibs. and valued at ll>9,000 dollars.” Much ot the article is shipped from Virginia. As the native stock becomes more exhausted, r will grow scarcer and more valuable. “Oak and other bark -woodfor tanning and dying, have also become articles of exportation of some vMue. In 1803, they amounted to 225,000 dollars.” Many of these are proctired in Virginia; but an elegant extract, from the tanning bnrks, called tannin, is beginning to be ela burated and exported in lieu of the article itself. The Sumach Berry, corrupted like many o tiler words, b^vul gar pronunciation, into Shoe-maker’s Berry, comes under this class; the Ifesf serves to impart the brilliant color to red morocco. The following i? the value of all the exports which are the products of ths forest, Cur th# years enumerated: <tti.es, £0 to Great BrififiJ A scfcetj has fcKen established in MasRachuva. some Christum ; .ulanthrr pists, to discount^ h Whatever opinion may be ent< Rained oftl* , lt |£ r % < Institution, no doubt can exist about the puritv motives of tilt respectable individuals who con.nrj^ ^ One of tiie strongest arguments f or war in p.u "' s crowded population, cannot be found in this com,t° 1 *’' a long penod of time. Tiie fci^-d-ing litters w fc t ceivtd by tile, founder of this s oc j e ty, in answer to*** * plication to tfit wretetN for the^. support of its yj,^ ■tiny letters coming- B om such eminent men a S y lr ' t ' s as.s and Mr. Jzfffi.son, nnis t be interesting; b ut ,l Ai are highly ridratteristte. Av e copy them fr,, m aj* number of “the Friend of peace,” a work publish',.’ * der the auspices of this society.-—.'s'fith American •' view. , ^ MR. JEFFERSON’S ANS-WFR. JWonticeUo, January 29, f#i* Sib-—Your letter, bearing date October 18, IM5 only to hand the day before yesterday*, w hich is mere ed to explain the date of mine. I hV.-e to thank the pamphlets.'ccomnam ing it, to wit the Solemn p view, the Friend, of Peace orSr-ecial Interview, fp .i -V, Friend of Peace, No. 2. Tit*- first of these I had' reefi,^ I through another channel some months ago. l], 1Ve ' W 'S read the two last steadily- through, because where "a assents to proposition as si-on aS announced, it isp time to read the arguments in support of them, -p* 53 ' numbers discuss the first branch of the causes of wa f g' is to say, wars undertaken for the point of honor, „Va- vou aptly analogize with the act of duelling betwen^ dividuals, and reason with justice from the one to* other. Undoubtedly this class of wars, is in the g tr ^' whatyou state theta to be, “needless, unjust and ip.' man, as well aFantichristuin.” The second branch of this subject, to wit, wpri »nr on account of wrong dove, and which may be lib-ntil V the act-of robbery in private life, I pre sume will h, ed of in your future numbers. T observe this eia.ss - f" tinned in the Solemn Review, p. 10, and theqnes»mi> % ked, “l* it common for a nation to obtain a re.h-,* wrongs by war?” The answer to this question you courie draw from history; in the me: n time, reason answer it on j grounds" of probability, tli.t wh 1- •' wrong has beep done by a weaker n. tion, the stri/r.^ one has generally been able to enforce redrets t, whtr&by a stronger nation, redress bv war has been ra ther obtained nor expected by the-leaker; r-u the rn r .,’ rv, the loss had been increased bv the expenses r,f war, in blood and treasure: yet it rra-- have obtained onot er 'pbject, equally securing' it self from future wntt?. |i maydiave retaliated on the aggressor, losses of Mood w treasure, far beyond the value to him, of the wren? b iiud committed! and thus have made the advantage -• thattotadcar a purchase to leave him in a disposition! H renew the wrong in future; in this w; v, the ioss hv -i e f\ war may-have secured the weaker r> tion from loss bv fj I ture wrong. The Case yoO state of two boxers, both! w hom get a “terrible brusinp,” is opposite to this; hf,o{ tiie two who committed the aggression on the other, d. though victor id the scuffle, yet probably finds bis nggrre sion not worth the bruising it has cost him. To txn-ain this by numbers, it is alleged, that Great; Britain trek from us, before the late war, near 1000 vessels, and that during the ivarj we took from her 1400; that before‘if war, she seized, jand made staves of 6000 of our citizen, and that in the War we killed more than 6000 of her sub. jects, and caused her to expend such a sum as amoun’tc to 4 or 5500 guineas a head for everv slave she made.- She might have purchased the vessels she took, for lea than tiie value -f those she lost, and have used tiie 6»/, of her men ki.lt-d, for the purposes to which sheap. plied oar’s, have saved the 4 or 5000 guineas a head, anf obtained a character of justice, which is valuable to 1 nation as to an individual. These considerations thfrr- fore, leavabfier without inducement to plunder xu. perty ancfPra-ke men in future on such dear tern— I neither affirm nor deny the truth of these allfg-.nfs, nor is their truth material to the question; they are pots, ble, and therefore presenta case which will claim vcw considei-ation, in a diseu9ticn of the general qnestan; whether any degree of inj.iry can render a recourse ts war expedient?! Still less do I propose, to drew to rr- self any part in this discussion. Age andits effe cts bn’l on body and mind, has weaned mV attentions from pi Tic subjects, and left tne unequal to the labours etc r- respor.dence, beyond the limits of my personal concrej. I retire, tberefone from the question, with a sinctre js5 that your w ritings may have effect in lessening this gr-at- j est of human evils, and that you may retain life arm hef.i, 1 to enjoy the contemplation of ibis happy spreiatk; ard pray you to be assured cf my great respect. . - . Tblmas JsrFEBtOF. _ 1813 4 5 • 6 T 8 9 10 n u 13 U £4,859,000 4,630,000 5,261,000 4,861,000 5,476,000 1,399,000 4,583,000 4,978,000 S,286,000 3,701,000 U07.0C0 570*000 “The artieleB of we eemied, principally, to the W est Indies except stave* and heading; manv of wliich MR. ADAMS’ ANSWER. Quinry, Fehretary 6, 181ft Okati Sin—I have received vourkind letter of th<-23? of January, and I thank you for the pamphlets tr-ciostd with it. It is very true, as my excellent friend, Mr. Norton, fus informed you, that I have read many cf your pubic-:, s with pleasure. I have also read, almost all the days of rnv lif . t solemn reasonipgs and patl.etic declamations ol Kr x of Fenelon, of St. Pierre, and many others against and in favor of peace. My understanding and n,v hex accorded with them, at first blush. But ai.s' - Inert and more extensive experience has convinced r wars are as necejssary and as inevitable, in our s> salt, s hurricanes, earthquakes and volean013. Our beloved country, sir, is surrounded by enemas,if the most dangerous, because the most powerful and ni- >* unprincipled character. Collisions of national interests’ commercial and manuficturing- rivalries, are multiply:" around us. Instead of discouraging a. martial spin’, n my opinion, it ought to be excited. We have not enough of it o defend us by sea or land. Universal and perpetual peace appears to me, no mere nor less than everlasting passive obedience, and non-rt- sistance. The human flock would soon be fleeced -t' butchered by ope or a few. I cannot therefore, sir, be a subscriber or a member cf your society. I do, sir, most humbly suplicate the theologians, ths philosphers, and politicians, to let me die in peace, i seek only repose. With the most cordial esteem however, I am, sir,your friend and servant, Joax Ahass, From Late London Papers. Coxv* of L axcek*—The commander in chief, means ta introduce that powerful auxiliary to the system, a corps cf bfficers constituted upon Polish principles. They art to be attached to each regiment of cavalry, for the express purpose of operiiting in a similar manner as the rifle corps belonging to the infantry. Arr.ngcnants were made about amonth since; aud captain Peters »'-* ■elected to drill 50 picked men, all under 35 ycai-s of .Th •nd five feet eight inches in height. Tne utmost dili gence wa* exercised to perfect this little force, ami they had arrived, about a week since, at such peifce'.ion os to receive the almost unqualified approbation c-f tin .* 11 ter. Things being thus speedily accelerated, a 1 a tta * appointed for the review, and on Saturday it took pisce, in the queen’s riding house, at Pimlico. The men were drawn out in line at 11 o’clock precise ly, dressed in jackets and trowsers, and cloth i-j-s . nd bonnets. Each plan mounted on a charger, c-rrkd * lance, sixteen feet long; about twenty one inches from the point, appeared a flag. The onpesite extremity sna confined m a leathern socket, affixed to the stirrup.-” They also had Sabres by their sides and holster prim** in the saddlebow. The lance was supported near the centre by a loose string through which each man thrust his arm, and then, the lance reclined in the rear, which it always did after the sword was brought into use. The different cavalry modes of attack were resorted to with the •Word anrl lan#*p when the Ivt.ter the sword and lance alternately; when the latter was 1 some very original and pleasing manoeuvres were prac tised with complete success. Particularly when the figure eight was formed by the different bodies, within » very narrow space. FIRE. . . .. 1 o’clock on the night of the 4th ins*, the inhume •e alarmed bv the erv of fire. It took place m _r «. rdf* FIRE. At two 1 tlints were ^ ^ negko house next to Mr. D. M'Kay’s, on tiie upper cor ner of the nertheast square from the court house; t house was consumed, but from the exertion of the c«- zen «, the fire cowniwtti tm M efeer.—If dnkfitpojy w-ti