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presidents message. ■ 'Jffm „ JhleF Magistrate liu passed off with iwatiiau the usual excitement, However Individual* tod pu* ties may hare been disappointed in the reanlt, it is snd our SSS!4*?tf a T^d^?5r^huS Jn bir« pUo * *5 the formation of tho new government have aayet prevented the execution of tlKMe lnatructlona 5 bat thei these vast coun to onr commerce. .4 which In otSerooontriea have too often af- d the parity or popular elections. PBoapxxrrr op ra« country. Oar grateful thanka are doe to an All-raercUhl Providence, notonly for stayingthe pestilence which in different forma has desolated some of our cities, bat for crowning the labors of the husbandman with an abundant harvest, add the nation generally .with the blessings of peace and prosperity. « within: a few weeks the publio mind has been deeply affected by the death or Daniel Webster, fill ing m his decease the offioe of Secretary of State. H S associates in tho Executive Government have silently sympathised with his family and the publio generally on this raournfal occasion. His command ing talents, his great political and professional emi nence, bis well-fried patriotism, and hla ongand faithful services, in tho most important public trusts, have 0 used his death to be lamented throughout tho oountry, aim bare earned for him a lasting^placo in our history. TOE FISHERIES. * In the course or the last summer great anxiety was caused for a short time by an official mtlmatlou from the Government of Great Britain that orders 'had been given for tho protection of the fisheries upon the coasts of tho British provinces in North America, against the alleged encroachments of the fishing vessels of the United States and France. Tho shortness of this notioo, and tho season of the year, seemed to make it a matter of urgent Impor tance. It was at first apprehended that an increased nanl foroe had been ordered to the fishing grounds to carry Into effect tho British interpretation of those provisions in tho convention of 1818, In refer ence to tho true intent or which tho two govern ments 'differ. It was soon discovered that such was not the design or Great Britain, and satisfac tory explanations of tho real objects or the measure have been given both here and fn London. Tho unadjusted difference, however, between the two governments ns to the interpretation of the first article of the convention of 1818, is still a matter of Importance. American fishing vessels, within nine or ten years have been excluded from waters to which toey had freo access for tvrenty-five years after, the negotiation of the treaty. In 1845, thisexcln- , slon was relaxed so far as regards the Bay of Fuudy, butthe just and liberal Intention of the Home Gov ernment, in compliance with what wo consider the true construction of the convention, to open all tho, othor outer bays to our flshermeu, was aboudoned, In consequence of the opposition of tho colonies. Notwithstanding this, the united States have, since the Bay of Funny was re-opened to onr fishermen In- 1845, pursued the most liberal oourse toward the colonial fishing interests. By the revenue law of' 1748, the duties on colonial fish entering our ports the monopoly of tho export trade in our market, and is entering to some extent into the home con- • sumption. These facts were among those which in creased the sensibility of our fishing interest at the movement In question. ..... . ' These circumstances and the incidents above al luded to have led me to think the moment favorable for a reconsideration of the entire subject of the r fisheries on the coasts of the British provinces, with a view to place them upon a more liberal Tooting of reciprocal privilege. A willingness to meet us in - • some arrangement of this kind is understood to ex ist; on the part of Great Britain, with a desire on ■ her part to Include into one comprehensive settle- . mem, as well as this subject as the commercial in- -'' teroouree between the United States and the British provinces. I have thought that whatever arrange- • meats may be made on these two subjects, it is ex pedient that they should be embraced in separate ■ conventions. The illness and death of the late Seo • rotary of Stato prevented the commencement of the ‘contemplated negotiation. Fains have been taken to colleot the information required for the details of such an arrangement. The subject is attended with . considerable difficulty. If it is found practicaple to cOmo to an agreement mutually acceptible to the two parties, conventions may be concluded intbo course of toe present winter. Tho control of Con gress over all toe provisions of such an arrangement affecting the revenue, will of course be reserved. CUBA. The affairs of Cnba formed a prominent topic In - my lost annual message. They remain in an unea sy condition, and a feeling of alarm and irritation on the part of toe Cuban authorities appears to ex ist. This feeling has interfered with too regular commercial intercourse between the United States and the island, and led to some acts of which we V have a right to complain. But the CapUin General of Cuba 6 clothed with no power to treat with for eign governments,nor is he in any degree under the control of the Spanish Minister at Washington.— Any communication which .he may hold with an agent of a foreign power is informal and matter of courtesy. Anxious to put on end to the existing inconveniences, (which seemed to rest on a mlscon- ooptlon,) I directed the newly appointed Minister . to Mexico to visit-on ms way Y«ra Crux. Ho was respectfully received tiy the Captain General, who conferred with him freely on the re- 1 cent occurrences; but no permanent arrangement • was effected. ' In the mean time, toe refusal of the Captain General to allow passengers and the mail to be landed in certain cases, for a reason which does not famish, in the opinion of this Government, even a good presumptive ground for such a prohibition, has been made toe subject of a serious remon- strance at Madrid: and 1 have no reason to doubt that due respect will be paid by the government or Her Catholio Majesty to the representations which our Minister has been instructed to make on the subject. It is but justice to the Captain General to add, that his conduct toward the steamers employed to carry the mails of the United States to Havana has, with the exceptions above alluded to, been marked with kindness and liberality, and indicates no gen eral purpose of interfering with the commercial cor- , reapondence and intercourse between the island ana this country. Early In the present year official notes were re ceived bou the Ministers of France aud England, inviting toe Government of the United States to become a party with Great Britain and Franco to a tripartite Convention, in virtue of which the three powers should severally and collectively disclaim, now and for the future, all intention to obtain pos session of the Island of Cuba, and should bind . themselves to discountenance all attempts to that • effect on the part of any power or individual what ever. This Invitation has been respectfully declin ed, for reasons which it would occupy too much apace in this communication to state in detail, but which led mo to think that the proposed measure would be of doubtful constitutionality, impolitic, and unavailing. I have, however, in common with • several or my predecessors, directed the Ministers of France and England to be assured that the United States entertain no designs against Cuba; but that, on the contrary. I should regard its incorporation into the Union at the present time as fraught with serious peril. • - Were this island comparatively destitute of in habitants, or occupied by a kindred race, I should *• regard It, if voluntarily ceded bv Spain, us a most ,, desirable acquisition. But, under existing circum stances, I should look upon its incorporation into our Union as a very hazardous measure. It would bring into the confederacy a population or a differ ent national stock, speaking a different language, and not likely to harmonize with the other mem bers. It would probably affect In a prejudicial man ner the industrial interests of the Souths and it might revive those conflicts of opinion between the different sections of the country, which lately shook the Union to its centre, and which have beer happily compromised. TEH0ANTEPXO. The rejection by the Mexican Congress of the convention which had been concluded between that Bepublio aud tbe United States, for the protection of a transit way across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and of the interests of those citizens of the United States who had become proprietors of tbe rights which Mexico had conferred on one of her own citi- ■ sens In regard to that transit, has thrown a serious obstacle io the way of the attainment of a very de- ' piruble national object I am still willing to nope - that tbe differences on tbe subject which exist, or may hereafter arise, between tbe governments, will be amicably adjusted. This subject, however, has . ' already engaged tbe attention of tbe Senate of the ' United States, and requires no further comment in thfe communication. NICARAGUA. Tbe settlement of tbe question respecting tbe port of Suo Juan de Nicaragua, and or tho contro versy between tbe republics of Costa Itica aud Nica- • j-agua in regard to their boundaries, whs considered Snoispensame to the commencement of tbe ship ca nal between tbe two oceans, which was the subject of the Conventkm between the United States and 1 , Great Britain oftbe^Sto of April, 1850. According ly a proposition for toe same purpose addressed . *0 the ."— — *■ *“ J A treaty of oommerce luu been ooneluded between tho United States and the Oriental Bepublio of Uru guay, which will be laid before the Senate. Should tliU Convention go into operation, it will open to the commercial enterprise of our citizens a country or great extent and unsurpassed In natural resources, but fVom which foreign nations havo hitherto been almost wholy excluded. LOBOS ISLANDS. Tho correspondence of tbe late Secretaiy of Stato wlthtbe Peruvian charge d’affaires relative to tho Lobos Islands was communicated to Congress to wards the close of the last session. Sinceitoat time, ou further Investigation of tho subject, the doubts which had been entertained of the title of Peru to those Islands have been removed 5 and I have deem ed It just that the temporary wrong which had been unintentlally done her, from want of information, should bo repaired by au unreserrod acknowledg ment of her sovereignty. . . I have the satisfaction to inform you that the course pursued by Peru has been creditable to tbe liberality of her government. Before it was known by her that her title would be acknowledged at Washington, her Minister or Foreign Affairs had au thorized our charge d’affaires at Lima to announoe to the American vessels which had gone to the Lo bes for guano, that the Peruvian Government was willing to freight them on its own account. This intention has been carried into effect by tho Peru vian Minister here, by an arrangement which is be lieved to be advantageous to the parties in interest. EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. Our settlements on the shores of tho Pacific have already given a great extension, and in some res pects a new direction, to our commerce in that ocean. A direct and rapidly increasing intercourse has B up with Eastern Asia. The waters of the m Pacific, even into the Arctic sea, have of late veara been frequented by our whalemen. The application of steam to the general purposes of nav igation U becoming daily more common, and makes it desirable to obtain fuel other necessary .supplies at convenient points on tho route between Asia and ourPaciflo shores. Our unfortunate countrymen who from time to time suffer shipwreck on the coasts of the eastern seas are entitled to protection. Be sides these specific objects, the general prosperity of our States on tho Pacific requires that an attempt should be made to open the opposite regions or Asia to a mutually beneficial intercourse. It is obvious that this attempt could be made by no power to so great advantage as by the United 8tates, whoso constitutional system excludes every idea ofdUtaut colonial dependencies. I have accordingly been led to order an appropriate naval force to Japan, under the command of a discreet and intelligent officer or too highest rank known to our service. He is instructed to endeavor to obtain from the gov ernment of that country some relaxation of the in hospitable and anti-social system which it has pur sued for about two centuries. He has been directed particularly to remonstrate in the strongest language against the cruel treatment to which our shipwreck ed mariners have often been subjected, and to insist that they shall be treated with humanity. He is in structed however at tbe same time to give that gov ernment the amplest assurances that the objects of tbo United States are such and such only as 1 have indicated, and that the expedition Is friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the Jealousy with which the governments of Eastern Asia regurd all over tores from foreigners, 1 am not without hopes of beneficial result of toe expedition. Should it be crowned with success, the advantages will not be conflued to tbe United States, but, as in the case of China, will be equally enjoyed by all tho other maritime powers. I have much satisfaction In stating that in all the steps preparatory to this expedition, the Government of the United States has been materially aided by tbe good offices of the King of tbe Netherlands, toe only European power having any commercial relations with Japan. STATE DEPARTMENT. In passlug from this survey of our foreign rela tions, I invite tbe attention of Congress to the con dition of that department of tbe Government to which this branch of the public business is entrust ed. Our intercourse with foreign powers has of late years greatly increased, both in cousequeuce of our own growth and tho introduction of many new states Into the family of nations. In this way tho Depart ment of State has become overburdened. It has, by tbe recent establishment of the Department of tbe Interior, been relieved of some portion of the domes tic business. If the residue of the business of that kind, such as the distribution of Congressional doc uments, tbe keeping, publishing and distribution of the laws of the United States, the execution of the copyright law, tbe subject of reprieves and pardons, and some other objects relating to interior admin- iatration^hould be transferred from tbe Department of State, it would unquestionably be for the benefit of tbe public service. I would also suggest that the building appropriated to tbe State Department is not fire-nroof, that there Is reason to think there are defects fn its construction, aud that tbe archives of the Government in charge of the Department, with the precious collections of tbe manuscript papers 0 ’ Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison, ani S on roe, are exnpsed to destruction bv fire. A simi- r roniarK may be puir* - ~ to the War aud Ni FINANCES. Tbe condition of tbe Treasury Is exhibited in tbo annual report from that Department. The cash receipts into the Treasury for t ending tho 30th June last, exclusive of trust funds were forty-nine millions seven hundred and twenty-eight thousand three hundred and eighty-six dollarsand eighty nine cents, (H9.728.380 89,) and the expenditures for the same period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were forty-six million seven thousand eight hundred and nine ty-six dollara and twenty cents, ($40,007,890 20;) or which nine million four hundred ana fiftr-Qve thousand eight hundred and fifteen dollars and eighty-three cents ($9,466,816 £0 was on account of the principal and in- forest of the public debt, including the last instalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under tbe treaty of Quad- loupe lildalgo. leaving a balance of $14,032J30 37 in. the Treasury on the first day of July last. Since this latter period, further purchases of tho principal of the public debt have been made to tbe extent of two millions four hundred and fifty-six thousand five hundred and forty-re " " 1 forty-nine cents, (2.466^47 49.) and the will continue to be applied to 1 stock can be procured within - ^—, authorised by law. Tho value of foreign inorchandlso imported during the last fiscal year was two hundred and seven millions two hundred and forty thousand one hundred and one dollars, (207,240,101;) and the value of domestic productions ex ported was one hundred and forty-nine millions eight hun dred and alxty-one thousand nine hundred and elcren dol lars. (8149.8C1.911;) besides seventeen millions two hun- dred and four thousand and twenty-six dollars (17,204,028) ha report < Mnvlni d... ."I htilfornta and Oregon, our relations with theta hare been left in a wry unsatisfactory condition. . In other parts of our territory particular districts of country have been set apart for tbe exclusive occupation of the Indiana, and their right to the landa within those limits has been acknwoledgedand respected. Out in Cali fornia and Oregon there has been no reeqpdtion by the Government of tho exclusive right of the Indiana to any part of the country. They are therefore mere tenants at su(Teranee,and liable to be driven from place to place, at the pleasure of tho whites. The treaties which have been rejected proposed to . edy this evil by allotting to the different tribes districts of country suitable to their habits of life, aud sufficient for their support. This provision, more than any other, it la believed, led to their rejection; and as no substitute for it has been adopted by Congress. It has not been deemed advisable to attempt to enter into new treaties of a per manent character, although no effort has been spared by temporary arrangements to preserve friendly relations with them. If It be tbe desire of Congress to remove them from tbe tuntry altogether.or to assign to them particular districts ioto remote from the settlements of tho whites, it will s proper to ret apart by law the territory which they to occupy, and to provldo the means necessary for re moving them to It. Juatico alike to our own citizens and to the Indiana requires tho prompt action of Congress on this subject. The amendments proposed by the Senate, to the trea ties which were negotiated with the Bloua Indians of Min nesota, have been submitted to the tribe who were par ties to them and have received thoir assent. A largo tract of valuable territory has thus been opened forscUle- ment and cultivation, and all danger of collision with threojowerfaland warlike bands has been happily re- _ FLORIDA INDIANS. The removal of tho remnant of the tribo of Seminole In dians from Florida has long beeen a cherished object of the Government, and It Is one to which my attention has been steadily directed. Admonished by past experience of the difficulty and cost of the attempt to remove them by military force, resort has been had to conciliatory measures. By tho Invitation of the commissioner of In- ~u»«muuu yy mv. a. mini- iSffiSSTvr** FORTIFICATIONS. I that provision bo it not only of tboM 9 of thoso who shall dlan Adairs several of the principal cliiefa recently visited Washington, aud whilst here acknowledged In writing the obligation oT their tribe to remove with the least possible delay, tote advices from the special agent of toe G< ermuent represent that they adhere to their pron * that a council of their people has been called obligation o ■ * ’ ‘a advices Irom the sneclal airent ( „ iromlse, ami people has been called to make their preliminary arrangements. A general emigration therefore bo confidently expected 1 ‘ LAND BALES. The report from the general Land Office shows increased activity In its operations. The survey oT the northern boundary of Iowa has been completed with unexampled dispatch. Within the last year 9.622.053 acres of public land have been surveyedjind 8,032,403 acres brought into market. In the last fiscal year there were sold 1,653,071 acres. Located with bounty land warrants 8,201,314 “ Located with other certificates 116 082 u 4,870,007 In addition there were— Reported under 8wamp land grants 6,219,188 For internal Improvements, railroads, Ac..3,025,920 Making an aggregate of. 13.115,175* Being an increase In the amount or lands sold and loca ted under land warrants of 669,220 acres over the pre vious year. The whole amount thus sold, located under land war rants, reported under swamp land grants, and selected for Internal Improvements, exceeds that of the previous year by 3£42£72 acres; and the sales would, without doubt, have been much larger but for the extensive reservations for railroads in Missouri. Mississippi, and Alabama. For the quarter ending 30th September, 1852, there were sold 243,255 a< Located with bounty land warrants 1,387,110 located with other certificates 15,040 Reported under swamp land grants 2,485,233 Making an aggregate for the quarter of... .4,131.253 '< Much the larger portion of tho labor of arranging and classifying the returns of the lost census has been finish ed. and it will now devolve upon Congress to make the necessary provision for the publication of the results In such form as shall be deemed best. The apportionment of representation, on the basis of the new census, lias been made by tho Secretary of the Interior in conformity than can be avoided^ In tho moantirao there 1 coruin works which have been commenced—#01 of thorn nearly complotod—doeignod to protect our principal aoaports from Boston to New Orleans, and m fow other important points. In regard to tho necessity for theso works, it la beliovod that little difference of opinion exists among military men. I therefore recommend that tho appropriations neces sary to prosecuto them bo mado. 1 invite your attention to tho remarks on this sub ject, and on others connooted with his Department, contained in tho accompanying report of tho Socre-. tary of War. RtYBRB AND UARBORS. Measures havo boon taken to cany into effect tho law of the lost session making provision for tho improvement of certain rivers and harbors, and it is beliovod that the arrangements made for that pur pose will combine efficiency with economy. Owing chiefly to tho advancod season when tho act was passed, little has yet been dono in regard to many of tho works beyond making tho neeessaryprepara- lions. With respect to a few of the improvements, tho sums already appropriated will suffice to com plete them, but moat of thorn will require additional appropriations. 1 trust that theso appropriations will be made, and that this wise ana benoficont policy, so auspiciously resumed, will be oontinued. Great caro should bo takon, however, to commence do work which is not of sufficient importance to the commerco of tho country to bo viewed as national in its character. But works which have been com menced should not bo discontinued until completed, as otherwise the sums exponded will,in most cases, be lost. TUB NAVT. The report from the Navy Doparmont will in form you of the prosperous condition of the branch of the public service committed to its chargo. It presents to your consideration many topics and suggestions of which I ask your approval. It ex hibits an unusual degree of activity In tho opera tions of tho Department during the past year. Tho preparations for the Japan expedition, to which I have already aliudod; the arrangements mado for the exploration and survey of tho China Seas, tho Northern Paciiio, and Bonring’B Straits; the incipi ent measures taken towards a rcconnoissanco of too continent of Africa eastward of Liberia; tho pre paration for an early examination of the tributaries of tho River La Plata, which a recent decree of tho S rovisional chief oi tho Anrenlino Confederation as opened to navigation; all these enterprises, and the means by which they are proposed to bo accom- r lished,bave commanded my full approbation, and have no doubt will be productive of most useful results. Two officers of tho navy were heretofore in structed to exploro the whole extent of tho Ama zon liver from the confines of Fora to its mouth. The return of one of thorn has placed in tho posses sion of the Gpvemmcnt an interosliug and (valua ble account of the character and resources of a country abounding in the materials of commerce, and which, if opened to tho industry of the world, will provo an inexhaustiblo iund of wealth. The re port of this exploration will bo communicated to you os bood as it is completed. Among othor subjects offered to your notico by the Secretaiy of the Navy, I select for special com mendation, fn view of its connexion with the in terests of tho navy, tho plan submitted by him for the establishment of a permanent corps of soatnen, r as it can bsdono, or legal pentltias.. Isom it my duty tooaU your ^„t,snd to recommend tost 1 •y law for tho.pttnishmi isll soospt bribes, but si either promise, give, or offer t< offioere or clerics a bribe or rc fating to any matter of their oflloiat action or duty. NON-INTKUVr It has been the unifon ment from its foundation , ■tain from all interference in the domestlo affaire of other nations. Tho consequence has boon that IIVRNTION. m pplloy of tho Govom- to tho proeont day to ab- a In the domestlo affaire ot wequence has boon that whilo tbo nations of Europe havo been engaged in dooolating ware, our country has pursued its peace ful oourao to unexampled prosperity and happiness. ood'tiio tmgjSrtions he^hna presented’ for the ro-or- tlie recent elections bare been made In accordance with ganizntion of It. I commend to your favorablo regard the suggestion contained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior that prorlilons be made by law for the publication and diatribution. periodically, of an analytical digest of all the patents which have been, or may hereafter be, granted for useful inventions and discoveries, with such descrip tions and illustrations as may be necessary to present an intelligible view of their nature and operation. The cost of such publication could easily be defrayed out of tho S tent fund,‘and I am persuaded that it could bo applied no object more acccptablo to inventors and beneficial to the publio at large. ASYLUMS. An appropriation of $100,000 having been made at the last session for the purchase of a suitable site, and for the erection, furnishing and fitting up ot an Asylum for tho Insane of the District of Columbia, and of the Army and Navy of the United States, the proper measures have been adopted to carry this bcnficent purpose into effect. Ten uuuan uiu iu(t;-uuin ccuia, i surplus in the Treasury will out that object, whenever tbe stock c tho limits, as to price, authorized of foreign merchandise exported making tbe aggregate of the entire exports one hundred and sixty-seven millions sixty-five thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollars, ($107,005,937 ;) exclusive of the above there was export ed fortr-two millions five hundred snd seven thousand two hundred and eighty-five dollars ($42^507,285) in specie ; and Imported from foreign ports fivti millions two hun- dred and sixty-two thousand six hundred and forty-three dollars ($5^62,M3.) THE TARIFF. In my first annual message to Congress I called your attention to what seemed to me some defects in the pres ent tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my judgment were best adapted to remedy Its evils, and promote the prosperity of the country. Nothing luu since occurred to change 1 * lt ‘- *— * * two governments in that qaurter,and to Britannlo Majesty. Besides toe wish to aid i ooncillng toe differences of the two republics, I en gaged in the negotiation from a desire to place the great work of a ship canal between the two oceans ■ under one jurisdiction, and to establish the impor tant port of Son Juan de Nicaragua under the gov ernment of a civilized power. Tbs proposition in question was areentyd to by Costa Rica and the Mos- . ther negotiations on the subject which are in train will bo retried on In that spirit of conciliation and : compromise which ought always to prevail, on such occasions, and that they will lead to a satisfactory remit. V JJKSIK . I hare the satisfaction to inform yon that the ex ecutive government of Venezuela has acknowledged it claims of citloens of the United States, wbloh e for many years past been urged by onr charge ffalres at Oaraocas. It Is hoped that tbe aatno 6 or Justice frill actuate, tho Congress of that idlng the means far their payment. »U*X0» AYRES. “ ton to Hue nos Ayre$ and tho , *“ 4 dthe proapectof •. w-ji-r - ,Mfat quarter! the i free accom or their commerce to. the «• 1 counttkewateredbythetributaries c* U l qnd Ufy nn Jtnwidty notice ol • of the uulivu tiUtvei that w# wight I Without « my views ou this .important repeating tbe arguments contained in my for- . i«,in favor of discriminating, protective duties, deem it my duty to call your attention to due or two other considerations affecting tills subjest. The first U, thff effect of large importation! of foreign goods upon our currency. Most of tub gold of California, as fast as it is coined, find* its wsy directly to Europe In payment for roods purchased. In tbe second place, as our manufac turing establishments are broken down by competition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thous ands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of employment snd the fanner to that extent is deprived of a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In tbe third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves the foreigner without competition in our market and he consequently raises the price of the article sent here for tale, as is now seen in tbo increased cost of iron imported from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation must depend upon its productive industry. The farmer la stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market for his surplus products, and benefitled by being able to exchange them, without loss of time nr expense of transportation, fortne manufactures which his com fort or convenience requires. This is always done to the best advantage where a portion of the community in whlcc he lives is engaged in other pursuits. But moat man ufactures require an amount of capital and practical skill which cannot be'eommanded. unless they be protected for a time from ruinous competition from abroad. Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon Impor ted goods which the Constitution authorizes for revenue, in such a manner aa to protect and encourage the labor of our owq citizens. Duties however should not be fixed at a rate so high aa to exclude the foreign article, but should be so graduated as to enable the domestic manu facturer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our own own markets, and by this competition to reduce tbe price of the manufactured article to the customer to the low est rate at which it can be produced. This policy would place the meclianie by the side of the farmer, create a mutual interchange of their respective commodities, and thus stimulate the industry of the whole country, and render us independent of foreign nations for the supplies required by the habits or necessities of the people. Another question, wholly Independent of protection, presents itself, and that is, whether the duties levied should be upon tbe value of tho article at the place of shipment, or, where it Is practicable, a specific duty, gra duated according to quantity, as ascertained by weight or measure. All our duties are at present ad valorem. A certain per centage is levied on the price of tbe goods at the port or shipment in a foreign country. Mr * merdal nations have found It indispensable, for 1 .... pose of preventing fraud and perjury, to make the duties specific whenever the article Is of such a uniform value In weight or measure as to justify such a duty. Legisla tion should Merer encourage dlshonestyor crime. It is Impossible that the revenue officers at the port where thi goods are entered and the duties paid should know witli certainty what they cost in the foreign country. Yet tbe . law require* (hat they should levy the duty according to such cost. They arq therefore compelled to resort to very unsatisfactory evidence to ascertain wbat that coat was. They take the invoice of the Importer, atteste I by his oath, as th* brat evidence of which the nature of the ease admits. But every one must Me that the invoioe may be fabricated, and the oath by which It I* supported false, by reason of which the dishonest importer pay* » part only of tiie duties which aro paid by tbe honest one, and thus Indirectly receive# from the treasury of toe U. States a reward for his fraud and perjury. The reports of ths Secretary of the Treasury heretofore made on tills subject show conclusively that these frauds have been praetioed to a great extent, The tendenoy Is to destroy tiiat high moral eharaeter for which our merchants hava long been distinguished j MEXICAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. By the late advices from the Mexican Boundary I mission it appears that tho survey of the river Gila, (rom its confluence with the Colorado to its supposed intersec tion with the western line of New Mexico, has been corn- completed. The survey of the Rio Grande has also been finished from the point agreed on by the Commissioners at u the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico” to a point one hundred and thlrty-fivo miles below Eagle Pass, which Is about two-thirds of the dis tance along the course ot the riror to its mouth. Tho appropriation which was made at the last session ol > Congress for tho continuation of the vev is subject to tho following proviso: " Provided, That no part of sWs appropriation shall bo used or exp^oti until it shall bo made iury for the fiscal year satisfactorily to appear to the President of tho “ 4 —‘ United States that the southern boundary of Now Mexico is not established by tho commissioner and surveyor of tho United States farther north of tho town called ‘Pam’ than tho samo is laid down in Disturnell’s map, which is added to the treaty." My attontioa was drawn to this subject by a re port flora tho Department of tho Interior, which reviowed all the facts of tho case, and submitted for my decision the question whether, under ex isting circumstances, any part of tho appropriation could be lawfully used or expended for tho further prosecution of tho work. After a careful consido- ation of tho subject, I came to the conclusion that t could not, and so informed the head of that de- mrtment. Orders were immediately issued by him 0 tho commissioner and surveyor to make no fur ther requisitions on tho Department, as thoy could not bo paid; and to discontinue all operations on tho southern lino of New Mexico. But os tho De partment had no exact information os to tho amount of provisions and money which remained unex pended in tho hands of the commissioner and sur veyor, it was left discretionary with them to con tinue tbo ^surveydowntheRio Grande as far os the means at their disposal would enable them, or at once to disband the Commission. A special mes senger has sinco arrived from the officer in chargo of the survey on tho rivor, with information that the funds subject to his control wore exhausted, and that tho officers and others employed in the servico were destitute alike of tho means of prosecuting tho work and of returning to their homes. The object of tbe proviso was doubtless to arrest 1 he survey of the southern and western lines of New Mexico, in regard to which different opinions have »ecn expressed; for it i* hardly to be supposed that there could be any objection to that part of the line which extends along the channol of the Rio Grande. But tho terms of the law are so broad as to forbid the use oi any part of tho money for the prosecution of the work, or even for the payment to the officers and agents of the arrearages of pay which are justly due to them. 1 earnestly invite your prompt attention to this subject, and recommend a modification of the terms of the proviso so as to enable the Department to use as much of tho appropriation os will be necessary to discharge tho existing obligations of ho Government, andto complete tho survey of tho lio Grando to its mouth. It will also be proper to mako further provision by law for tho fulfilment of our treaty with Mexico for running and marking the residue of tbe boun dary line between tbe two countries. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Permit me to invito your particular attention to the interests of tho District of Columbia, which are confided by tho Constitution to your peculiar carst Among tho measures which seem to mo of tho eatest importance to its prosperity, are tho intro- lction of a copious supply of water into the city of Washington, and tho construction of suitablo bridges across tho Potomac to roplaco those which were destroyed by high water in tho oarly part of the present year. At the last seanon of Congress an appropriation was mado to defray the cost of the surveys noces- ~ iry for determining the best means of affording an .Mailing supply of good and wholesome water. Some progress has been mado in tho survey, and aa soon os it fa completed the result will bo laid before you. Further aj grading am chargod%rn to the best ot my humblo ability, with a alnglo eye to tbo publio good { and Ufa with dovout gratitude, In retiring ftom office, that 1 loaro Wmnimioii, Dwcmtmr», IBM, THE REPUBLICAN SAVANNAH, OA, iriations will also bo necessary for grading and paving the streets and avonues, ana en closing and embellishing tbo public grounds within tho city of Washington. I commend all these objects, together with tho charitable institutions of tho District, to your favor- ablo regard. INDIANS AGAIN. Every effort has been made to protect our fron tier, and that of tho adjoining Mexican States, from me incursions of tho fndtan tribes. Of about 11.000 thon which the army fa composed, noarly 8,000 are employed in tho defence of tbo newly-acquired ter ritory, (including Texas,) and of emigrants pro ceeding thereto. I am gratified to say that these efforts have boon unusually successful. With tho exception of some partial outbreaks in California and Oregon, and occasional depredations on a por tion of too Rio Grande, owing, it fa believed, to tho disturbed state of that border region, the inroads oi tbo Indians have boon effectually restrained. Exporionco has shown however, that whenever tbe two races are broucht into contact, collisions will inovitsbly occur. To prevent theso collisions the United States have generally set apart portions of their territory for tbo exclusive occupation of the Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs, however, in the application of this policy to Tort*. By tho torma ot tho compact by which that State was admit tot into the Union, she retained the ownership of al the vacant landa within horlimita. Tho govern ment of that Stato, it fa understood, has assigned r portion of hor territory to tho Indiana; but as ftu. aa her aetUuments advanoo lay* it off into counties, and nrocoeds to survoy ana soil it. Tills policy manifestly tends, not only to alarm and Irritato the Indians, but to oompcl thorn to rosortto plunder for subsistence, it also deprives this Government of that influonoe ana oontrol over tb*m without which no durstilo peaoo can •ver exist between them and too whites. I trust, therefore, that a dua regard for hor qwn Inferem, apart from oowUeratlouaof hu- ilgn ganizntion of tho Naval Academy. In reference to the first of these, I take occasion to say that I think it will greatly improve tho effi ciency of the Berviee, and that I regard it as still more entitled to favor for tho salutary influence it must oxert upon tho naval discipline, now greatly disturbed by the increasing Bpirit oi insubordina tion, resulting from our present system. Tho plan, proposed for the organization ot tno seamen fur nishes a judicious substitute for the law oi Septem ber, 1850, abolishing corporal punishment, and sat isfactorily sustains the policy of that act, under con ditions well adapted to maintain the authority of command and tho order and security of our stupe. It is belioved that any change which proposes per manently to dispense with this modo of punish ment. should be preceded by a system of enlistment which shall supply the navy with seamen of tho most meritorious class, whose good deportment and pride of character may preclude all occasion for a resort to penalties of a harsh or degrading nature. The Bafety of a ship and hor crew fa often depend ant upon immediate obedience to a command, nnd the authority to enforce it must bo equally ready. Tho arrest of a refractory seaman, in Buch mo ments, not only deprives the ship of indispensable aid, but imposes a neceasity for double service on others whoso fidelity to their duti<>s may bo relied upon in such an emergency. Tho exposure to this <ntu««eed and arduous labor, since the passage of too act of 1850. has already had, to a most observ- abblo and injurious extent, tbe effect of preventing tho enlistment of tho best aeamen in the navy. Tho S ian now suggested fa designed to promote a con- Ition of service in which this objection will no no longor exist. The details of this plan may bo established in grent part, if not altogether, by tho Executive, under tho authority of existing faws; but 1 hnve thought it proper, in nccordanco with tho suggestion of the Secretary of the Navy, to submit it to your approval. Tho establishment of a corps of apprentices for tho navy, or boys to be enlisted until they become of age, and to bo employed under such regulations as tne Navy Department may devise, as proposed in the report, I cordially approve and commond to your consideration; and 1 also concur in the sug gestion that this system for tho oarly training of seamen may bo most usefully engrafted upon the services of our merchant marine. Tho other proposition of tho report to which I re ferred—tho reorganization of the Naval Academy— I recommend to your attention as a project worthy of your encouragement and support. The valuable services already rendered by this institution entitle it to the continuance of your fostering care. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Your attention is respectfully colled to the report of the Postmnster General for tho detailed opera tion of his Department during tho last fiscal year, from wbioh it will bo seen that the receipts from postages for that timo were less by $1,431,696 than for tho preceding fiscal year, being a decrease of about 23 per cent. This diminution fa attributable to the reduction in the rate* of postage made by tho act of March 3, 1851, which reduction took effect at tho commence ment of tho-last fiscal year. Although in its operation during the last year the act referred to hns not fulfilled the predictions of its friends by increasing the correspondence of tho country in proportion to the reduction of pos tage, I should nevertheless question tho policy of returning to higher rates. Experience warrants tbe expectation that os tho community becomes aceus- tod to cheap postage, correspondence will increase. It is belioved that from this cause, and from the ra pid growth of the countiy in population and busi- lcss, the receipts of tho Department most ultimate- y exceed tho expenses, and that the country may safely rely upon tho continuance of the present cheap rate of postage. MISCELLANEOUS RECOMMENDATIONS. In former messages, I have, among other things respectfully recommended to the consideration of Conm-ess the propriety and necessity of further legislation for tho protection and punishment of foreign consuls residing in tho United States; to revivo with certain modifications tho act of 10th March, 1838, to restrain unlawful military expedi tions against tho inhabitants of conterminous States territories; for tl»o preservation and protection .. Am mutilation or theft of tbo papers, records, and archives of the nation; for authorizing tho surplus revenuo to be applied to tho payment of tho public debt in odvanco of the time when it will become due; for the establishment of lnnd offices for the sale of tho public lands in California and the Ter ritory of Oregon; for the construction of a road from the Mississippi valley to the Pacific ocean; for the establishment of a bureau of agriculture for the promotion of that interest, perhaps tho most important in tho country; for the prevention of frauds upon tho Government in applications for pensions and bounty lands: for tho establishment of a uniform fee bill,prescribing a specific compensa tion for every service required of clerks, district at torneys, and marshals; for authorizing an additional regiment of mounted men, for the defence of our frontiers against tho Indians, and for fulfilling our treaty stipulations with Mexico to defend hor.citi- zens against the Indians "with equal diiigonce and energy as our own;" for determining tho relative took betweon tho naval and civil officers in our Public "hips, and between the officers of the Army and Navy in tho various grades of each; for reor- ganiang the naval establishment by fixing tho number of officers in each grodo, and providing for a retired list upon roducedf pay of those unfit for active duty; for proscribing and regulating punish ment in toe navy; for the appointment of a com mission to revise tho publio statutes of tho United States, by arranging them in order, supplying de ficiencies, correcting incongruities, simplifying their language, and reporting them to Congress tor its final action; and for tho establishment of a com mission to adjudicate and settle private claims against tho United States. 1 am not aware, how- over, that any of theso subjects have been finally acted upon By Congress. Without repeating tho reasons for legislation nn these subjects which hays boon assigned in former messages, I respect fully recommend them again to your favorable con sideration. 1 think it due to tho several Executivo Depart ment* ol tho Government to boar teatlmony to too omciency and integrity with which they are con* ducted. Withall thocarelul superintendence which it fa poesible for the Heads of tooso Department* to exorcise, Mill tho duo administration and guardian* •hip of tho publio monoy must very much dcjiend °n tha vigilanoo, Intelligence, and fidelity of 1 ibordinnto offioora and olorks, and especial! ful courso to unexampled proeperi The wars in which wo have boon compollod'to en gage, in defence of tho rights and honor of tho country, havo boon lortunately of short duration. During tho torrifio contest of nation against nation, which succeeded the French revolution, we wore ennbled by tho wisdom and firmness of Prosidont Washington to mnintain our neutrality. While other nations wore drown into this wide-sweeping whirlpool, wo sat qulot and unmoved upon our own shores. While tho flower of thoir nuraorous armies was wasted by disease or perished by hundreds of thousands upon the batlle-flold, the youth of this favored land were permitted to enjoy the blessings of peace beneath the paternal roof. While tno States of Europo incurred enormous dobts, under tho burden of which thoir subjects still groan, and which must absorb no small part of tho product of tho honest industry of those countries for genera- - tions to como, tho United States havo once been enabled to exhibit tho proud spectaclo of a nation freo irom publio debt; and, if permitted to pursuo our prosperous way for a few years longor in peace, wo may do the same again. But it fa now said by sorao that this policy must- be changed. Europo is no longer sopnrated from us by a voyage of months, but steam navigation has brought her within a few days’ sail of our shores. Wo see more of her movements, and tako a deeper interest in hor controversies. Although no one pro poses that we should join the fraternity of poten tates who havo for ages lavished tho blood and treasure of their subjects in maintaining “ too bal- aneo of power,” yet it fa said that we ought to in terfere between contending sovereigns and thoir subjocts tor the purpose of overthrowing the mon archies of Luropo and establishing in their place republican institutions. It is alleged that we have heretofore pursued a different course from a senso of our weakness, but that now our conscious strength dictates a change of policy, and that it fa conse quently our duty to mingle in these contests and aid those who aro struggling for liberty. This fa a most seductive but dangerous appeal to tho generous sympathies of freemen. Enjoying as we do the bicasings of a free gpvomment, there fa no man who has an American neart that would not rqjoico to seo theso blessings extended to all other nations. We cannot witness the struggle between the oppressed nnd his oppressor anywhere without the deepest sympathy for tho formor, nnd the most anxious desire for hfa triumph. Nevertheless, fa it f irudent or fa it wise to involve ourselves in these breign wars 1 Is it indeed true that wo have here tofore refrained from doing so morely irom the de grading motive of s conscious weakness ? For the Honor of tho patriots who have gone before us, I cannot admit it. Men of tho Revolution who drew the sword against the oppressions of tho mother country, nnd pledged to Heaven "thoir lives, thoir fortunes, and their sacred honor” to maintain their freedom, could never have been nctuuted by so unworthy a motive. Thoy knew no weakness or fear where right or duty pointed the way, and it fa a libel upon thoir fair fume for us, whilo we enjoy the blessing for which they so nobly fought and bled, to insinuate it. The truth fa that tho course which they pursued was dic tated by a stem Bonso of international justice, by a statesmanlike prudenco and a far-seeing wis dom, looking not merely to tho present necessities but to tho permanent safety and interest of the country. Thoy know that the world is governed less by sympathy than by reason nnd force 5 that it was not possible for this nation to become a "propagandist” of freo principles without arraying againstlt tho combined powers of Europo 5 nnd that tho result was more likely to bo the overthrow of republican liberty hero than its establishment there. History hns been written in vain for thoso who can doubt this. Franco had no sooner estab lished a republican form of government than she manifested a desire to force its blessings on all tho world. Her own historian informs us thnt, henr ing of some petty acts of tyranny in a neighboring principality, "Tho National Convention do- clarod that she would nfford succor nnd fraternity, 'to all nations who wished to recpvor thoir liberty; 'and she gave it in chargo to the executive powor 'to givo orders to tho generals of the French ' armies to aid all citizens who might have been ‘or should be oppressed in the cause oi liberty.” Hero was tho false Btop which led to hor subsequent misfortunes. She soon found hersolf involved in war with all the rest of Europo. In less than ton years her government was changed from a republic to an empire; and Anally, after shedding rivers oi blood, foreign powers restored her exiled dynasty, and exhausted F.uropo Bought poace and reposo in tho unquestioned ascendancy of monarchical prin ciples. Let us learn wisdom from her axnmplo. Let us remember that revolutions do not al ways establish freedom. Our own freo insti tutions were not the offepring of our Revolution. They existed before. They wore planted in tho free charters of self-government under which tho English colonies grow up, and onr Revolution only freed us from tho dominion of a foreign power, whose government was at variance with those in stitutions. But European nations have had no suoh training for solf-government, and every effort to establish it by bloody revolutions has been, and must, without that preparation, continuo to bo a failure. Liberty, unregulated by law degen erates into anarchy, which soon becomes the most horrid of all despotisms. Our policy is wiso- ly to govern ourselves, and thereby to set such an example of national justice, prosperity, and true glory, ns shall teach to all nations tho bloss- ings of self-government, and tho unparalleled en terprise and success of a freo people. FROQRE8S. Wo live in an age of progress, and ours fa em- ihatically a country of progress. Within tho last mlf century tho number of States in this Union has nearly doubled, tho population has almost quadru pled, and our boundaries have beon exlondod from ho Mississippi to tho Pacific. Gur territory is chequered over with railroads, and furrowed with canals. Tho inventivo talent of our country fa ex cited to the highest pitch, and tho numerous appli cations for patents for valuable improvements dis tinguish this ago and this people from all othors — Tho genius ofono American hns enabled our com merco to movo against wind and tide, and that of another has annihilated distance in tho transmission of intelligence. Tho whole country fa fall of cn- erprfae. Our common schools are diffusing Intel- igence among the people, and our industry is fast accumulating the comforts and luxuries of 1 ife. This : s in part owing to our peculiar position, to our fer- Daily Paper $8, Tri-Weekly $0, Per Annum, BY J. L. LOCKE & CO. P. W. ALEXANDER, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, TUE8UAY MORNING. DfiOt 7,1852. ery ra- ... on- : idenco that hfa person and property will be pro tected by tho laws. But whatevor may bo tho 5 si oxiHHW them to all (lie tempts* mswiiMi iIm cupidity of pooul** ngago in any useful pursuit, accoi e or inclination, and to the entire ec municipal Election* The election for Mayor and Aldermen yesterday, paw ed off quietly. The nutnbor of vote* polled woe 1187. On account of our largo edition, and tho tale hour at which the votes were counted out this morning, we are unable to give the offloial result. When we loti the Court House at one o’clock, Dr. It. Watnb, the Demo- creticcandidate for Mayor, was undoubtedly elected by a majority of upwards of800. It wss also placed beyond doubt that tho entire Democratic ticket waa elected by a Urge majority. PaasiDBNT’a Messaok.—We publish this document intxlnuo this morning. It was read in both Houses of .Congress yesterday, and os soon as the fact could be com municated by telegraph to the Postmaster hora, we were foralshed with a copy for publication. Tho popv was handed to us at twenty minutes to 4 o’clock in the after noon, and we published it In an extra at half-past six. The Message is an able and conservative* state paper, abounding in practical suggestions, and written Id a simple and unambitious stylo. In many respects, It re minds us of the Messages of the earlier Presidents. It cannot foil to command the serious attention of tho Intel ligent reader, both for the matter U contains and the manner In which It la discussed. Book Notices* We are Indebted to tiie publishers for copies of tbe following elegant works, which may bo seen at the book store of Messrs. J. M. Coorsa It Co. drawings, nnd a foe simile of the manuscript of each author. New York: 8. P. Putnam It Co. It Is customsry every day to speak, and with great pro priety, of tbe astonishing progress ofthis country of our*. In nothing perhaps is this Improvement more perceptible than In the great variety, and elegance of the books now Issued from the American press. Any one who will com pare, for example, the illustrated works of this day with those Issued only fifteen or twenty yesrs ago will bo for cibly struck with the truth of this remark. It Is not many years since, that the annuals prepared for Christmas and New Year’s presents were in almost all respeeta Imper fect and foully—wanting In short In all those beauties of artistic finish which should distinguish such works. Now, we have them issued by some publishing houses In a style which leaves nothing to be desired. The work whoso title precedes this notice Is one of this stamp, and Mossra. Putnam k. Co. in Issuing it, have raised, if pcsstblo,yet higher the acknowledged standard ot taste which they have assigned for themselves. We find the book elegant throughout—deficient In nothing, whilo the personal memoirs of the authors are writteu In a style emlnontly classical and attractive. We have not the slightest hesitation in predicting that tho Intelligent publio will confirm our decision. Tiie names of thoso Introduced Into this volume are Aububon, (who by the way was bora iu Louisiana lu 1770,) Pauidiug, Irving, Bryant, Bancroft, Dana, Prescott, Miss Bedgwlck, Cooper, Everett, Emerson, fllmms, Longfellow, Itawthonie, Web ster, Kennedy nnd Lowell. A second volume will con clude the list. Thou who look over tho work will find that our fa vorite authors are well kotuid, and that the time hu passed when raon can not live by literary tabor. Tux Book or tub IIkart, or Love’s Emblems. New- York, D. Appleton 4c Co. This beautiful volume, adorned by tblrty-three steel engravings, is rendered doubly valuable by the choice and interesting reading matter it contains; it Is rich In graceful conceits and pure uutlmenta, to which tho Iras* hearted will Joyfully respond, even amid the bustle and aburplion ot “ work, work, work.” It la also a great improvement upon thie elate of books, for hitherto, the attractive appearance of their exterior has been seldom equalled, ae in the volume before us, by pleasing and In structive narrative. This volume has been very wisely filled wllhuiectlona from known and admired authors in illustration of its subject, rather than with the crude and Insignificant productions which are ordinarily admitted Into such books, for tho sake merely of having original artlelee, —too oRen substituting novelty for hum or moral. We tako great pleasure In commending It as an ae- eeptable and appropriate offering for the season. The volume throughout reflects the highest credit on tbe taste and liberality of Messrs. Appleton & Co. Tna Gist roa all Bkasons. New-York: D. Appleton & Co. This little work has boon prepared with much care and taste, aud Is beautified with ten steel engravings. Its altn is to mingle with tbe entertainment of a leisure hour, eome useful lessons for the conduct of life. Apparently trivial then as such works generally are, they have an important use, and the thoughts they con vey are strengthened by having beon presented (In many Instances) to tho attention of the reader as tributes o r friendship. ulnolIvt.lMI. On III. eoul Ht.n oll.tr wL'l 1 , 1 » " jmckri. A Turkl.li ljrlff, Wlb.ntu.bl. oJIL’K tbu rr n7’.,„bk.,". | o.b n, diidiBL*** welluUui orifcw.r. p lll,Mdb. l 2 Arabs, bat tbs Governor General h as depatched a sw! fores to arrest tba ringleaders, and to. demand ths mi eaKattttggaMSlBs or thirty Uvea also lost. Walls that baVeWn^ dred. of years were blown down, and Se wStoWS 1, aea rushed Into the harbor with tremendous ^ lorti!Hi The U. S. sioop-of-war SL Louis, D. N. Iner,i,.j. Commander, bound from Tuul. to Tripoli, .ncouni,,*,’ tbo(ilo wheno!7 tbo const of Tripoli, tod u btllnin?* b- ono of th. lb, kernel. ,b.t .umlkVh, “bbwt od Ibkt tf the into bid luted ten houu lower ib! Z! would liuro been driven ttahore, ’ ™ mote lUvitu.—The iteimitilp niuk Wu hu nrrired It Mobile with .drier, front tbo lid bub, from which wo (umtburthmlisJSi! muto tod craw of tbo American ihlo Xml, (MfSt’kll been Impriioncd on tbo chugo of lt.rlmr.d.J ttn’,.1 tor tbo etuvfl tmdto utd he,l. e ^nipped “uT* W “ °° n °“'“brittih Tbo U. S. wer iteemor fUu. wu to bun Ml on tk. Sd Inst., for Washington, with tbo Coomb. . ' olelon In tb« coeo ofCepL Grey. ““teretene. I..TKK rnott Ttte Datum Iei»in>i_Adkleeih.r. beon received fttm Nassau to tbe lflth nit From il* 28th of October to the 12th ulfo there had £2 & deaths there from cholera, On receivingthenSL. 100 * the death of Webster the American flag was dlinhl^f at hair-raast, by the United States Consu® andthsiffi flag from all Ibe publio buildings and the forts.” " The wt-lron light-house erected on the northern biatt -oBS thellght burned beautifully, and the flashes ateacKS c ®S d . nR ff >v .°,l ul .L on exceedingly beautlfoL John P. Walker, the Crown Commissioner, had dint of prevailing fover at Turk’s Island. M aiw * Au infomous attempt waa made, .according to n>. Forth, on the 5th of September, by. a foreigner named Montclair, but fortunately It was unsuccessful. Only sixty thousand bushels of salt have been raktd his year, at Rum Cay, a great foiling off compared vlth year,when seven and eight buffi orwhlch was the Death of lllr. Oomlcr* We regret to notice the death, at Wilmington Island, on Friday 1 ist, of our friend Air. A. G. Okmli*. He died of old age (bclug 7D years old) but In the complete pos session of all hlsfoeultles. Mr. Okmlbr was, wo believe, a native of Lelpslc, Ger many. He emigrated to this country many years since. He has been long and favorably known in this city for his honesty and integrity, and many other sterling quali ties. He followed here a successful business for some years, but always found leisure moments to give to his favorite pursuit of horticulture, devoting blmsolf at the same time to some or the physical sciences. He has died with tbe respect and esteem or all those who had the happiness of enjoying bis confidence. man feels to cl : og to hfa taste . may L cause ofthis unparalleled growth in population, in< tolligonce, and wealth, ono thing fa dear, that the Government must keep pace with the progress oi the people. It must participate in their spirit oi enterprise, and while it exacts obedicncoto tho aws, and restrains all unauthorized invasions of the rights of neighboring States, it should foster and irotcct home industry, und lend its powerful strength o the improvement of such means of intercommu nication as *nro necessary to promote our internal commerco and strengthen tho tics which bind us together as a peoplo. FILLIBUSTIERINO. It fa not strange, however much it may bo regret ted, that such an exuberance of enterprise should cause somo individuals to mistake chango for pro gress, and tho invasion of the rights of others for national prowess and glory. Tho former are con stantly agitating for somo change in tho organic law, or urging now nnd untried theories of human rights. The latter aro ever ready to engage in anv wild crusade against a neighboring people, rogara- ess of tho justice of the enterprise, ana without ooking at tho fatal consequences to ourselves and to the cause of popular government. Such expedi tions, however, aro often stimulated by mercenary individuals, who expect to share the plunder or profit of the onterpriso without exposing thomsol ves to dan ger,snd aro led on by some irresponsible foreign er, who abuses the boapitality of our own Govern ment by seducing the young and Ignorant to join in tis scheme of personal ambition or revenge, under the false and delusive pretence of extending the area of freedom. Theso reprohonsible aggressions but retard tho truo progress of our nation and tar nish its fair fame. They should, therefore, receive tho indignant frowns of every good citizen who sincerely loves his country and takes a prido in its prosperity and honor. THE CONSTITUTION. Our Constitution, though not Perfect, fa doubtless tho best that over was formed. (i Therefore fetover^ od. and Every, pa- propoeition to change it be woll woIl_ found beneficial, cautiously adopted. Every | triot will rejoice to see its authority so exerted __ to advance the prosperity and honor of tho nation, whilst he will watch with joalouay any attempt to mutilate this chnrtor of our liberties, or pervert its powers to acts of aggreetlon and injustice. Thus ■hall conservatism ana progress blond thoir har monious action in preserving tho form and spirit of tho Constitution, and at the samo timo carry forward tho groat improvements of tho country with a rapidity and onergy which freemen only can display. CONCLUSION. In closing this, my lost annual communication, permit mo, follow-tutizons, to congratulate you on iho prosperous condition of our bolovod country. Abroad its relations with all foreign powers are friendly, its rights are rcspoctcd, spa Its high place in tho family of nations choerfully recognized. At homo wo enjoy an amount of happiness, publio and pjlyato, whloh has probably novor fallen to the lot of any other poople. Besides affording to our fori .. Itnuqn ous by Olirfailiprs. and lo irsiiNiiit iu all ilieir Va owo those hloMinja, under Hoavi -• —Ututiqn and * 1 svpn. to tho flovornmoiit .which wore and whloh Ills our iniogrliy to our How it Povss I—No leu than 53 bags of mall matter were received by the Northern and Western mails, at tbe Post Office in this city, laat evening. Mauio Ddplicatino Papkr.—Mr. R. F. Bacaxs, the manufacturer or this wonderful article, arrived in the city lost evening, and has taken rooms for a few days at the Marshall House, where It would give him pleasure to wait upon the citizens of Savannah. See advertisement in another column. Tna Fins Arts.—It will bo seen that Mr.OaavaAU, who was well end favorably known scan artist In tills city some years since, has returned to exercise bis art among us again, after n long absence. Mr. 0. left many works here, by which ho bos been well remombered. Specimens of some or his recent pointings in miniature may be seen on our round table. * Tbe mention of Mr. C.’s name brings to our recollec tion the only true and faithful picture of Savannah (as It existed when he was here) that we bare ever seen. It Is now in tbe counting room of Meure. Brigham 4c Car- hart In New York, and would be a most valuable acqui sition to our Council Chamber, if U could be purohased from them. Tho view is taken from the old Exchange, and it Is a satisfactory one In overy respect. Mr. McAllutss, accompanied by Madame MoA m and Mr. Wkstok, agent, arrived In town last night from Now York via. Charleston. Thoy will present their first magi cal soiree on next Thursday evening. We are pleased to announce that Madame MoAllistbr has recovered suffi ciently from her illness to take part in tbe representations. PiRroMCB, &c., ice.—Otirfriends Messrs. J. M. Cootir Jc Co., It is well known, keep on hand an excellent as sortment of books, stationary, Ice., but we were not un til recently aware that thoy havo also articles for the toilet. Wo are Indebted to thorn for some specimens of superior quality. The first one we take up Is "Harriton't Ambrotial Shaving Cream." This artlclo is put up In gloss deli cately clouded, and altogether Is superior in quality and style or preparation to tho celobrated article of Outrlain in Paris. In Ibis Harrison makes good his rather pre sumptuous boast, that "though Parit hat ltd, the United Statu shall henceforth lead." The next thing in order, Is some "Rote Soop n —t per fume of itself, also prepared by Harrison. Then we have bofore us "Harriton't Toilet Powder.” and his “Caroline Bouquet Extractboth possessed of the most nicely balanced and dollcato fragrance. Harrison evidently understands the true French meth od of rcoommendlng his cosmetics etc.—Hear him for example speak of a perfume which he styles his “ Up per Ten Extract," Ilesajst— “ IU title has a double significance. It Is composed of ton primary odors, tho most richly delicate of al elementary perfumes. It is dedicated to a class In society distinguished by refinement. It la addressed to those persons of tasteful elegance, In whose cultivated sensL b lilies resides.a peroeptlon of odors, comprehensive, discriminatingandqelicatcj to those who can approcT ato the blsnd lnfluance of a rich bouquet or the purest simple odors, eo Justly proportioned and - artistically blended that from It flowaaharatonloui whole) that re- allies in lu effeeu the highest desire.” BLVrrrox AoADaMr.—Our rcodors will observe the advertisement ofthis Academy, situated In the yory healthy and pleasant village of OlnDton, not for from hence, In Souih Carolina. Ws will venture to remark on our own personal knowledge, that fow gentlemen, if any, In tho South, are better qualified for lbs obargo of an Academical Institution than tits Rev. Mr. Bsa- ■book, He Is not only* scholwybtil a gentleman— endowed with prudence, discretion, good Judgment, and above all with tiiat practical knowledge and pleasing address so Important to UtOM who hava chargs of the education of young persons. Lou Month made her debut Is Charleston but night 'fathsoltitracfarof The Meld e/Stregtiic, oneh W ofwhfeh was the produee or tastVear, which hTO^ mained on hand. Several, vessels arriving at Rum cK ?Lo!ig^taK“ bl# 10 ° bW “ ,a PP Ue, »"» d proceeded The Memphis papers announce tbe defith In that di? of Hon. J. W. CaocEKT, formerly Representative In Co#, gross, and son of the late Hon, David Gboorstt. PmuMumiA, Dec. l.-Tbe Whig who obligated hha- •eir to saw half of a cord of wood, If Pierce and King were elected, fulfilled the task this afternoon, In Arc* street, before a targe crowd or spectators. IXrOSTAKT RaVOLUTlONASY Movkmxht.— Tbs schooner Maty Ellen at New Orleans, seven. days from Tampico, reports that a great revolution bad takes place In the’Sute of Taumlllpas, and that Victoria, tbs Capital, had fallen into the hands of the insurgents, who, ft was momentarily expected, would attack TUmplco. Tna Oalobic Siur.—The N. Y. Journal of Commerce stales that the wheel or the calorie ship, building by Mr. Erlccson, performed IU first revolution on Monday last, the motive power being more than the expansive forte of compressed air, «N*Mlerf. No fire waa used In thu Instance, the elasticity of the natural atmosphere being sufficient for tbo desired purpose 1 TaaMSHDous Exi-losion.—PaiLADiUMA, Dee. Jb-A section canal boat at plane No. 7, ou the Portage rood, loaded with 23 kegs ot powder, caught fire this afternoon, 14 miles from Altona, Pa. It blew up with a tremendoui report, shaking the town and (earing up 3 rods of tbs track. *No ono was Injured, all having escaped as sooa aa the boat took fire. Extbnsivr Coal Fuid,—The most extensive cos field In the world commences nosr Carrollton, Ky, snd runs through Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, contslniig about 80,000 square miles, of which a tenth part orabou 8000 miles are In Indiana. Tna Trlkorafq in England.—'The total oxteot of telegraph in England Is nearly 4,000 miles; representing an outlay of about X300.000. The total amount of virs laid down for the purpose It upward* of 4,000,000 yanii, and the total number of telegraph posts some where about 100,000. The staff of employees may be taken at ip. wards of 800 persons. New Yosk City Taxis.—The taxes of the eftj «f New York will be Increased next year one million In hundred thousand dollars. The rate of taxes now it 90 70-100 on glOO of valuation, but next year ft will te •125 ou the $100. The oily debt ot New York U 111,- 785,908.- LiBsatA.—Tbe bark Linda Sterarl, which writ to sea from Norfolk last Monday mornlug, with a Mr wind, bound to Monrovia, Liberia, with, emigrants, bad on board:—From Virginia 120) North Carolina 30 Washington city, D. O., 2; New Jersey L Total 17L It Is said that the protecting powers have signed a pro tocol regulating the succession to the Greek tbrons. Tho Bulton or Turkoy has refttsed to receive Assn Kader except os a guest. The Vienna Ministerial Journals hint thst Auitrii, from necessity, will acknowledge Nafoleon as Emperor The Pacha of Egypt has sent X300,00U to tbe 8a]tu,' thus relieving hint from his financial embarrassments. Advices from Demararsto the 8th November s«y tbit the cholera has very nearly subsided there. OBITUARY. Died, from debility, on tbe 3d lnsL, at his residwM on Wilmington Island, Mr. A. G. OEMUER, in hit 7Sih year ■Spettal arotuta. son on iny account. YOTICE,—All persons are cautioned iron entertaining, harboring, or crediting any p«f account, dec 7 !• DANIEL N. LAIN. Plahtees’ Bank, Savannas, Die. 0,1853. DIFID EMD No. 74/—The Hoard ofDlmloi . have thto day declared a *cml-annualdlvld«d ot six per cent, (six per .cent.) payable on and Thursday next, Otb InitT U. W. MERCER, dec7 . 8 Cathie MO TICE TO PA88EMOERS FOR STEAMSHIP ISABEL.—Fatsengcni for ive steamship, aro notified that the steamer J. fflOllB will leave Jones' wharf (foot of Claghom fcOunntaghgm'* store) at half-past ten o’clock To-Morrow Morning, tbs 8th lust. Passengers for Havana mustget their panpofti from the French Consul. __ . , doe 7 COHENS fc HERTZ, Agents. THE MUSTAMO DMIMEMT-W* y RHEUMATISM, SORE THROAT. NEURAta . and PAIN in the LIMBS—to be used externally, dec 4 Office Steamboat Company of Oxoaou. JY077C.fi/—Storage on'Cotton by BotUlI and 12 will commence on tbe 7th IntUnL O. H. JOHNSTON, Pnat- OOECHEE PL A MIC ROAD.-,On sod __ after this day, toll will be charged over the <*► cheePlnnk Read Planter* and others desirous or nit- king arrangements for the passage of their wsgon*,eta do so on application to the President. Ratee of Toll over the Road. For Slbgle Horse and Vehicle.;...; JO cento u two « “ “ JJ * Three H- p our •• “ Every additional horse, u u horseman ".Cattle, per head Sheep and hogs per head, Pleasure travel wUl be charged one.ftre going M* ^ turning. deo3 ;:«•(* 20 * :■ .5 . 3 B. 0. ANDERSON, PrcsidgL. Central Railboad ilboad to Banking Oomp’v of J TBEfr-J™ Directors to manage the affitlrof lhl< J"* 1 ' fen, will be held at tbe Banking House In thitel'yi^ Monday, the 3d day of January next, between ths m 01 * of 10 A. M. and 2P, M. By order. dec 1 SOLOMON OOBBftOMhgu MO 7’/CE.—The.annual.meetjngo/weCco- wliTbe held at the Court House In the City ° r “ T .„ T£ on the thirteenth day, being tbe second Monday in w comber next, at 11 o’clock. A. M. _ , e . nov23 tin W. W.WABH. Bob’? R. c-* Central Railroad nnd Banking Company of Go- ^^tom, l !nS’l“c l ‘uj“,onu!o Mrtd.j of BwW*' ‘'nor HOLOBON OOHEKjOuUJ amtumnewtM. VIVA El BEIML BAJM° 1 MAOALHSTEE. THS KmO Ot^WWff’’ WUl gl». ■ brief Mile, of hi. Ortnd Orl/l’“ Solveea JiOJlfattIS, • Uoohaniool and Soienttflo Wonder* lriVlKTO, HIM AMD rm.ICTICD "L™ ITIADAMr. MACAIiMSKE®■ PfPP Will nljhUjr .ppt.r ulh.“ murfi cuts soveral Mir' and also exhibit mn.