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National Ucpublic an LABURST ( iW cfRCmTION Official Organ of the U. S- Government. TUESDAY MORNING April 7. l* r -* L-£o w to V ote. Isc sure ami vote for the ratification * c f (his Constitution, and for the Gov ernor nominated by the Convention, who will secure Kklikk, Homestead nd Schools for the people. The working man’s candidate: HOW. R. B. BULLOCK, OK UH'IIMOXn »'OUNTV. t CONSTITUTION OK THK State ofCxeoriria. PREAMBLE. We. ihe people of Georgia, in order to form a permanent Government, establish Justice, usure domestic tranquility, and secure the bless iugs ot Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, ac knowledging and invoking the guidance of Almighty God, the author of allgoTid Government, do ordain and establish this Constitution for Ihe State of Georgia. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Declaration of Fundamental Principles. JScf. 1. Protection to persomuul property U the paramount dntv of Government, and shall be im partial and complete. Sec. 2. All persons born, or naturalized, in the United Slates, and resident in this State, are here by declared citizens of this State, and no law shall be made or enforced which shall abridge the priv ileges or immunities ol citizens of the United States, or of this State, or deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws And s it shall be the duty ot the General Assembly, by appropriate legislation, to protect every person in the due enjoyment of the rights, privileges and im munifiesguarrauteed m this section. Sec. 3. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, except by due proceesof law. Sec. 4. There shall be within the State of Geor gia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, save ns a punishment for crime, after legal conviction thereof. Sec. 5. The right of the people to appeal to the Courts, to petition Government on all matters, and peaceably to assemble for the consideration of any matter, shall never be impaired. Sec. 6. Ferfect freedom of religious sentiment shall be, and the same is hereby secured, and no inhabitant of this State shall ever be molested in person or property, or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his reli gious opinion; but the liberty of conscience, hereby secured, shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the people. Sec. 7. Every person charged with an offense against the laws, shall have the privilege and benefit of counsol; shall be furnished, on demand, with a copy of the accusation a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded ; shall have compulsory process to obtain the attendance of his own witnesses; shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him, and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury. Sec. S. No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same vffense, save on his or her own motion for anew trial, after conviction, or in case of mistrial. See. 9. Freedom of speech and freedom of the press arc inherent elements of political liberty. Brt while every citizen may freely speak, or write, or print on any subject, he shall he re sponsible for the abuse of the liberty. See. 10. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects,against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place, or places, to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. Sec. 11. The social status of the citizen shall never be tlie subject of legislation. Sec 12. No person shall be molested for his opinions, or be subject to any civil or political incapacity, or acquire any civil or political advan> tage, in consequence of such opinions Sec. 13. The writ of habeas corpus shall not- be ; suspended, unless in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. Sec. 14. A well regulated Militia beingjncces sary to the security ot a free people, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed ; but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe by law the manner m which arms may be borne. See. 15 The punishment of all frauds shall be provided by law. Sec. 10. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un usual punishments inflicted, nor shall any person be abused in being arrested, whilst under arrest, or in prison. Sec. 17. The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by legislative acts. Sec. 18. There shall he no imprisonment for debt. Sec. 19. In all prosecutions or indictments for libel, the truth may be given in evidence, and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the facts. Sec. 20. Private ways may be granted upon just compensation being paid by the applicant. Sec. 21. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense. See. 22. Whipping as a punishment lor crime is prohibited. See. 23. No lottery shall be authorized, or sale of lottery tickets allowed in this State, and adequate penalties for such sale shall be provided by law. Sec. 24:. No conviction shall work corruption of blood, and no conviction of treason shall work a general forfeiture of estate longer thaq during the life of the person attainted. Sec. 25. Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist only in levying war against the State,or the United States, or adhering to the enemies thereof; giving them aid and com fort. And no person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two wit nesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open Court. Sec. 2d. Laws shall have a general operation, and no general law, affecting private rights, shall he varied in any particular ease by special legislation, except with the free consent, in writing, of all persons to be affected thereby; and no person under legal disability to con tract is capable of such free consent. Sec. 27. The power of taxation over the whole State shall he exercised by the General Assembly only to raise revenue for the support of govern ment. to pay the public debt, to provide a general school fund, for common defense, and for public improvement, aud taxation upon property shall be ad valorem, only and UDiform on all species of property taxed. Sec. 28 The General Assembly may grant the power oftaxation to county authorities ami muni cipal corporations to be exercised within their several territorial limits. Sec 29. No poll tax shall be levied, except for educatioual purposes, and such tax shall not ex ceed one do!far annually on each poll. Sec 30. Mechanics aud laborers shall have liens upon the of their employers for labor performed or material furnished, and the Legisla ture shall provide for the summary enforcement of the same. Sec. 31. The Legislative, lixecutivo and Judi cial Departments shall be distinct; and each Do partment shall he confided to a separate body of Magistracy. No person, or collection of persous being of one Department, shall exercise any power properly attached to either of the others except in cases herein expressly provided. Sec. 32. Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution, or the Constitution of the United States, are void; and the Judiciary shall so de clare them. Sec. 33. The State of Georgia shall ever re main a member of the American Union; the people thereof are a part of the American Na tion; every citizen thereof owes paramount allegiance to the Constitution and Government of tfie United States, and no law or ordinance of this State, in contravention or subversion thereof, shall ever have any binding force. ARTICLE 11. Franchise and Elections . See. 1. In all clectious by the people, the electors shall vote by ballot. Sec. 2. Every male person born in the United States, and every male person who has been naturalized, or who has legally declared his in tention to become a citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old or upward, who shall have resided in this State Bix mouths next preceding the election, and shall have resided thirty days in the county in which he offers to vote, and shall have paid all taxes which may have been required of him. mid which ho may have hud an opportunity ot paying agrccablv to law, for the year next preceding tbo election, (except as hereinafter provided)shall be deemed an elector; and every male eltUen of the United States of the age aforesaid (except as hereinafter provided) who may be a resident of the State at tho time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be deemed an elector, aud bhall have all the rights of an elector m afore said ProeulM, Thai no soldier, sailor or marine, in the military or navul service of the ITuited States *hal l acquire the rights of an elector by reason of beiug staiioned on duty in this State ; und no per son ahull vote who, if chullengcd. shall refuse to take tho following oath : ‘ I do sweur that I lmve not given or received, nor do 1 expect to give or receive, any money, treat or other thiug of value by which my vote or any vote is affected or ex pected to be affected, at tins election ; uor have I given or promised any reward, or made any threat, bv which to prevent any person from volingatthia election.” Sec. 3. No person convicted of felony or larceny before any court in this State, or of, or iu the United States, shall he eligible to any office or appointment, of honor or trust within this State, unless lie shall have beeu pardoned. Sec. 4. No person who is the holder of any pub lic moneys shall be eligible to any office in this State, until tho same is accounted for and paid into tlie Treasury. Sec. 5. Nq person who after the ndoptiou of this Constitution, being a resident of this State, shall engage iu a duel, in this State or elsewhere, or shall send or accept a challenge, or be aider or abetter to such duel,shall vote or hold office hi this State, aud every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as the law may prescribe. Sec. 6. The Ueueral Assembly may provide, from time to time, for tho registration of all electors, but tbo following classes of persons shall not bo permitted to register, vote, or hold office: First—Thoso who shall have been con victed of treason, embezzlement of public funds, malfeasance in office, crime punishable by law with imprisonment in the Penitentiary, or bribery. Second—ldiots or insane persons. Sec. 7. Electors shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of tho peace, be privi leged fiotn arre3t for five days before an election, during tho election, and two days subsequent thereto. Sec. 8. The sale of intoxicating liquors on days of election is prohibited. Sec. 9. Returns of election for all civil officers, eloeted by the people, who are to bo commis sioned hy tho Governor,and also for th’ members of tho General Assembly, shall be made to the Secretary of State, unless otherwise provided by law. Sec. 10. Tho General Assembly shall enact laws giving adequato protection to electors before, during, and subsequent to elections. Sec. 11. The election for Governor, members of Congress, and of the General Assembly, after the year 1808, shall commence on the Tuesday after the first Monday iu November, unless otherwise provided by law. ARTICLE III—LEGISLATIVE. Section. 1. 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Sen ate and House of Representatives, and until other wise directed the members thereof after the first election, shall be elected, and the returns of the election made as now prescribed by law. 2. The members of the Senate snail be elected for four years, except that the members elected at tne Hist election, from the twcuty-tvvo Senato rial Districts numbered in this Constitution with odd numbers, shall only hold their office for two years. The members of the House of Representa tives shall be elected for two years. The election for members of the General Assembly shall begin on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every second year, except the first election, which shall be within Sixty days after the ad journment of this Convention ; but the General Assembly may, by law, change the time of elec tion, and the members shall hold until their successors are elected and qualified. 3. The first meeting of the General Assembly shall he within ninety days after the adjournment of this Convention, alter which it shall meet annually on the second Wednesday in January, or on such other day as the General Assembly may prescribe. A majority of each House shall con stitute a quorum to transact business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide. No session of the General Assem blv, after the second, uuder this Constitution, shall continue longer than forty days, uuless prolonged by a vote of two-thirds of each branch thereof. 1. No person holding a military commission, or other appointment or office having any emolu uient or compensation annexed thereto, under this ►State or the United States, or either of them, ex cept Justices of the Peace, ami officers of the militia, nor any defaulter for public money, or for any legal taxes required of him, shall have a seat in either House. Nor shall any Senator or Re presentative. after his qualification as such, be elected by the General Assembly or appointed hy the Governor, either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate, to any olficeor appoint ment having any emolument annexed thereto, during the time for which he shall have been elected. 5. The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district from which he was elected. Section 11. 1. There shall be forty four Senatorial Districts in this State, composed each of three contiguous counties, from each of which Districts one Sena tor shall be chosen. Until otherwise arranged, as hereinafter provided—the said Districts shall he constituted, as follows: The First District of Chatham, Bryan aud Effingham. The Second District of Liberty, Tatnall and Mclntosh. The Third District ot Way lie, Pierce and Ap pl'ng. The Fourth District of Glynn, Camden aud Charlton. The Fifth District ot Coffee. Ware and Clinch. The Sixth District of Echols, Lowndes and Berrien. The Seventh District of Brooks, Thomas, and Colquitt. Tho Eighth District of Decatur, Mitchell aud Miller. The Ninth District of Early, Calhoun, aud Baker. The Tenth District of Dougherty, Lee and Worth. The Eleventh District of Clay. Randolph and Terrel!. The Twelfth District of Stewart, Webster aud Quitman. The Thirteenth District of Sumter, Schley and Macon. The Kourteeiith District of Dooly, Wilcox ami Pulaski. The Fifteenth Distiict of Montgomery, Telfair and Irwin. The Sixteenth Distiict of Laurens, Johnson and Emanuel. The Seventeenth District of Bullock, Seriven and Burke The Eighteenth District of Richmond, Glass cock and Jefferson. The Nineteenth District of Taliaferro, Warren and Greene. The Twentieth District of Baldwin, Hancock and Washington. The Twenty-First District of Twiggs, Wilker son and Jones. The Twenty-Second District of Bibb, Monroe and Pike. Tho Twenty-Third District of Houston, Craw ford and Taylor. The Twenty-Fourth District of Marion, Chatta hoochee and Muscogee. The Twenty-Filth District cf Hariis, Upson and Talbot. The Twenty-Sixth District of Spalding, Butts und Fayette. The Twenty-Seventh District of Newton, Wal ton and Clark. The Twenty-Eighth District of Jasper, Putnam and Morgan. The Twenty -Ninth District of Wilkes, Lincoln and Columbia. The Thirtieth District of Ogletln-ope, Madison and Elbert. The Thirty-First District of Hart, Fraukliu aud Habersham. The Thirty-Second District of White, Lumpkin and Dawson. The Thirty-Third District of Hall, Banks aud Jackson. Tlie Thirty Fourth District ol Gwiuuett, De- Kalb and Henry. The Thirty-Fifth District of Clayton, Fulton and Cobh. The Thirty-Sixth District of Merriwether, Coweta and Campbell. The Thirty Seventh District, of Troup, Heard and Carroll. The Thirty-Eighth District of Haralson, Polk aud Paulding. Tlie Thirty-Ninth District of Cherokee, Milton and Forsyth. Ihe Fortieth District of Union, Towns and Kabnu. Ihe Forty-First District of F’anniu, Gilmer and Pickens. The Forty-Second District of Bartow, Floyd and Chattooga. ’ J Ihe Forty-Third District ol Murray, Whitfield and Gordon ’ The Forty Fourt h District of Walker, Dade and Catoosa. If anew county he established it shall he ad ded to a district which it adjoins, and from which the larger portion of its territory is luken. The Senatorial Districts may he changed hy the Gene ral Assembly, hut only at Ihe first session after the publication of each census hy the United States Government; and their number shall not he in creased. The Senators shell be eiliseue of the United States, who have etfieued the age of twcuty-five veers, end who, after the Brit election uuder this Constitution, (hall have beeu citizens of this State for two years, and for one year a resident of the District from which elected. 3. The presiding officer of the Senate shall he styled the President, aud shall he elected viva von from the Senators. 1. Tlie Semite shall have the sole power to try impeachments. When silting for that purpose, the members shall he on oath or affirmation, and shall he presided over hy one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, selected for that purpose hy a run von vote of tlie Senate; and no person shall lie convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present. Judgment# in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold und enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit within this State, hut the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and pnuishment according to law. Section 111. * 1. The House of Representatives shall cousist of one hundred ami seventy live Representatives, apportioned as follows: To the six largest counties, to wit: Chatham, Richmond, F'ulton, Bibb, Houston and Burke, three representatives each. To the thirtv-ono next largest, to wit: Bartow, Columbia, Cobb, Coweta, Clarke, Decatur, DoOgherty, F'loyd, Gwiuuett, Greeue, Hancock, Harris, Jefferson, Lee, Muscogee, Monroe, Merri wether, Morgan, Macon, Newton, Ogletliovpe Pulaski, Randolph, Sumter, Stewart, Troup. Thomas,Talbot, Washington, Wiikesand Warren, two representatives each; aud To the remaining ninety-five counties, one representative each. 2. The above apportionment may he changed by the General Assembly after each census hy the United States Government, but in no event shall the aggregrate number of Representatives he increased. 3. Tlie Representatives shall he citizens of the United States, who have attained the age of twenty-one years, und who, after the first election under this Constitution, shall have been citizens of this State for one year, and for six months reei dent of the counties fiom which elected. 4. The presiding officer of the House of Repre sentatives shall he styled tlie Speaker of the House of Representatives, and shall be elected viva rocc from the body. 5. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office. 6. All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate iu the House of Represen tatives, hnt the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other hills. Section IV. , 1. Eacli House shall he the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members, and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavioror misconduct, hy censure, tine, imprison ment or expulsion, hut no member shall he ex pelled except by a vote of two-thirds of the House from which lie is expelled. 2. Each House may punish by imprisonment, not extending beyond the session, auy person not a member who aiiall be guilty of a contempt hy auy disorderly behavior in its presence, or who, during the session, shall threaten injury to the person or estate of any member for anything said or done iu either House, or who shall assault any member going to or returning therefrom, or who shall *-escA or attempt to rescue any person ar rested by order of either House. 3. The members of botli Houses shall he free from arrest during tlicir attendance oil the Gene ral Assembly, and in going to or returning there from, except for treason, felony, larceny or breach of tho peace ; and no member shall he liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House. 4. Each House shall keep a Journal of its pro ceedings, and publish it immediately after its adjournment. The yeas and nays of the mem bers on any question shall, at the desire of one tilth of the members present, he entered on the Journals. The original Journals shall be pre served, after publication, in the office of the Secre tary of State; but there shall he no other record thereof. 5. Every bill, before it ahull pass, shall he read three times, and on three separate days, in each House, unless in cases of actual inva sion or insurrection. Nor shall any law or ordi nance pass which refers to more than one subject matter, or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof. ti. All Acts shall he sigued by the President of tlie Senate and the Speaker of the House ot Representatives; aud no hill, ordinance, or resolution, intended to have the eltect of a law, which shall have beeu rejected hy either House, finill he again proposed during the same session under the same or auy other title, without the consent of two-tlurds of tlie House by which the same was rejected. 7. Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place, without tlie consent of the other; and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjourn ment, the Governor may adjourn either or both of them. 8. The officers of tlie two Houses, other than the President and Speaker, shall be a Secre tary of the Senate and Clerk of the House, and an Assistant, for each, a Journalizing Clerk, two Engrossing and two Enrolling Clerks for each House; and the number shall not he increased, except hy a vote of the House. And their pay, as well as the pay and mileage of the members shall he fixed hy law. ‘.l. Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of two-thirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution, tlie yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall he entered on the journal, and all votes on c&nfirmations or refusals to confirm nominations to office by the Governor shall be by yeas and nays: aud tlie yeas and nays shall he recorded on the journal. 10. Every Senator or Representative, before taking his seat, shall take an oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States and of this State; that he has not practiced any unlawful means, directly or indirectly, to procure liis election, and that he has not given, or offered, or promised, or caused to be given, or ottered or promised to any person, any money, treat or tiling of value, with intent to affect any vote, or to pro vent any person voting at the election at which he was elected. Section V. 1. Tlie General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances, consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, which they' shall deem neees sary and proper for the welfare of the State. 2. Tlie General Assembly may alter the boun daries of, or lay off and establish new counties, or abolish counties, attaching ihe territory thereof to contiguous counties, hut no new counties shall be established except hy a vote of two-thirds of each House, nor slinll any county he abolished except by a vote of two-tlurds of each House, and after the qualified voters of tlie county shall, at an elec tiou held for the purpose, so decide. Section VI. 1. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made hy law, and a regular statement and account of the receipt und expenditure of all public moneys shall be published from time to time, and also the laws passed hy each session of the General Assembly. 2. No vote, resolution, law, or ord’et shall pass, granting a donation or gratuity ill favor of any person, except hy the concurrence of two thirds of each branch of the General Assembly, nor hy any vote to a sectarian corporation or association. 3. No law or section of the Code shall he amen ded or repealed hy mere reference to its title, or to the number of the section in the Code, hut the amending or repealing act shall distinctly and fully describe the law to he amended or repealed, as well as the alteration to he made ; but this clause shall he construed as directory -only to the Gene ral Assembly. 4. No law shall be passed by which a citizen shall be compelled, against his consent, directly or indirectly, to become a stockholder in or contribute to any railroad or work of public improvement, except in the case of tlie inhabitants of a corporate town or city. In such cases the General Assem bly may permit tlie corporate authorities to take such stock, or make snen contribution, or engage in such work, after a majority of the qualified voters of such town or city, voting at election, held for tlie purpose, Bhall have voted in favor of the same, hut not otherwise. 5. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powersand privileges to private companies, except to Banking, Insurance, Rail road, Canal, Navigation, Mining, Flxpress, Lum ber, Manufacturing aud Telegraph Companies; uor to make or change election precincts; nor to establish bridges or ferries; nor to change the names of legitimate children; hut it shall pre scribe, hy law, the manner iu which such powers shall he exercised by the Courts. Bat no charter for auy Bank shall he granted or extended. and no act passed authorizing the suspension of specie payments hy any hank, except by a vote of two thirds of the General Assembly. The General 'Assembly shall pass no law making the State a stockholder in any corporate Company; nor shall the credit of the State he granted or loaned to aid any Company without a provision that the whole property of the Company shall be bound for tlie security of tlie State prior to any other debt or lien, except to laborers; uor to any Company iu which there is not already an equal amount invested by private persons; nor for any other object than a work of public improvement. No provision in this Constitution for a two thirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall he construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor, as in any other cases except in the cases of tlie two-thirds vote required tc override tlie veto. ARTICLE IV.—EXECUTIVE. Section I. 1. The Executive power ahull he vested in a Governor, who shall hold his office during the term of four years, and until such time ns a suc cessor shall he choaeii aud qualified. He shall have a competent salary established by law, which shall not he iucr.aied or diminUhe/during the period for which ha shall have been elected; uor shall lie receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or either of them, or from auy foreign power 2. After the first election, the Governor shall be elected quadrennially, hy tho persons quali fied to vote for members of the General Assembly, ou tho Tuesday after the first Monday in Novew her. until such time he altered hy law. which Mt tiou shall he held at tho places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State, in the same manner as is prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly. The re funis for every election of Governor after tlie first shall ho seuled up hy the Managers, sepa rately from other returns, und directed to tho Presi dent of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives, and transmitted to His Excel lency, the Governor,or the person exercising the duties of Governor for the time being, who Bhall, without opening the said returns, cause the same to he laid before the Senate, oil the day after the two Houses shall have been organized ; and they shall be transmitted hy the Senate to the House of Representatives. The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall, and the President ot the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Kcprcflcntativcs shall open and publish flic rctnrns in tlie presence of the General Assem bly; and the person having the majority of tlie whole number of votes given shall be declared dnly elected Governor of this State; hut if no person have such majority, then from tho two persons having the highest number of votes, who shall bo iu life, and eliull not decline an election at the time appointed for the Legisla ture to elect, tlie General Assembly shall imme diately elect a Governor viva voce; and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly, a majority of votes of the members present shall be necessary for a choice. Con tested elections shall he determined by both Houses of the General Assembly, in sncli manner as shall be prescribed hy law. 3. No person shall be eligible to the otfico of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the the United States fifteen years, and a citizen of this State six years, and who shall not have attained the age ot thirty years. 4. in case of the death, resignation, or disability of the Governor, the President of the Senate shall exercise the executive powers of the Government until such disability ho removed, or a successor is elected und qualified. And in Caße of the death, resignation, or disability of the President of tlie Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representa tives shall exercise the executive powers of the Government until the removal of the disability or the election aud qualification of a Governor. The General Assembly shall have power to provide hy law for filling unexpired terms hy a special elec tion. 5. The Governor shall, before he enters on the duties of liis office, take lie following oath or affirmation : “X do solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may he) that 1 will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia; and will, to the best of my abilities, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution thereof, and the Con stitution of the United States of America.” Section 11. 1. The Governor shall ho Commander-in Chief of the Army and Navy of this State, and of tho Militia thoreof. 2. He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon, to commuto penalties, and to remit any part of a scntenco for offenses against the State, except in eases of impeachment. 3. Ho shall issuo writs of election to fill all vacancies that happen in the Senato or Houso of Representatives, and shall have power to convoke tho General Assembly on extraordinary occasions: and shall give them, from time to time, information of tho state of tho Common wealth, and recommend to their consideration such measures as ho may deem necessary and expedient. 4. When any office shall become vacant hy death, resignation, or otherwiso, tho Govern o shall have power to fill sach vacancy, unless otherwiso provided by law; and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a succes sor is appointed agrcebly to the mode pointed out hy this Constitution, or by law in pursuance thoreof. 5. A person once rejected by the Senate shall not he reappointed hy the Governor to the same office during the samo session, or the recess thereafter. 6. The Governor shall have tho revision of all hills passed hy both Houses before the same shall become laws, hut two thirds of each House may puss a law notwithstanding his dissent, and if any hill should not he returned hy the Governor with in five days (Sundays excepted! after it has been presented to him, tlie same shall he a law, unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment, shall prevent its return, lie may approve any appro priation, and disapprove any other appropriation in the same hill, and tlie latter shall not be effectual unless passed hy two thirds of each House. 7. Every vote, resolution, or order, to whicli the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary, ex cept on a question of election or adjournment, shall he presented to tlie Governor, and before it shall take effect, he approved hy him. or, being dis approved, shall be repassed by two-thirds of each House, according to the rules aud limitations pre scribed in case of a bill. 8. There shall he a Secretary of State, a Comptroller General, a Treasurer, and Sur veyor General elected hy the General Assembly, and they shall hold their offices for the like period as the Governor, and shall have a com petent salary, which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which they shall have been elected. The General Assembly may at auy time consolidate any two of these offices, and require all the duties to he dis charged hy one officer. ‘J. The Great Seal of the State shall he deposi ted in the office of the Secretary of State, and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing hnt by order of the Governor or Gene ral Assembly ; and that now in use shall he the Great Seal of the State until otherwise pro vided by law. 10. The Governor shall have power to ap point his own Secretaries, not exceeding two iu number, unless more shall he authorized by the General Assembly. ARTICLE V.—JUDICIARY. Section I. 1. The Judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Ordinary, Justices of flic Peace, commissioned Notaries Public, and such other courts as have been or may be established by law. Section 11. 1. The Supreme Court shall consist of three Judges, two of whom shall constitute a quorum. When a majority of tho Judges are disqualified from deciding any ease, by interest or otherwise, the Governor shall designate certain Judges of the Superior Courts to sit in their stead. At tho first appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court under this Con stitution, one shall be appointed for four years one for eight years, and one for twelve years ; but all subsequent appointments, except to fill unexpired terms, shall be for the term of twelve years. 2. The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction, but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts, and from the City Courts ot Savannah and Augusta, and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities; and shall sit at tlie seat of Government at such times in eacli year as shall he prescribed hy law, for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts. The days on which the cases from the several Circuits and City Courts shall he taken tip hy the Court shall lie fixed hy law. 3. The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought; and in case the plaintiff in error shall not he prepared at the first term to prosecute the case, unless prevented hy Providential cause, it shall he stricken front the docket, aud the judg ment below shall stand affirmed. In any case, the Court may, in its discretion, withhold its judg ment until the next term after the same is argued. 4. Wlteu only two Judges sit in any case, and they disagree, the judgment below shall stand affirmed. Section 111. 1. There shall he a Judge of the Superior Courts for each Judicial Circuit. Hu may act iu other circuits when authorized hy law. At the first ap pointment of such Judges under this Constitution, one half of the number (as near as may he) shall he appointed for four years, and the other half for eight years ; hut all subsequent appointments, ex cept to fill unexpired terms, shall oe for tlie term of eight years. 2. The Superior Court shall have exclusive, jurisdiction in eases of divorce ; in criminal cases where tlie offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary; incases respect ing titles to land, and equity cases, except as hereinafter provided. “But the General Assembly shall have power to merge the common law and equity jurisdiction of said courts. Said courts shall have jurisdiction in all other civil cases ex cept as hereinafter provided. They shall have ap pellate jurisdiction in all sncli cases as may he pro vided by law. They shall have power to cor rect errors in inferior judicatories by writ of cer tiorari, which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge; aud to issuo writs of mandamus, pro hibition, scire facias, aud all other writs that may he necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect, and shall have such other powers as shall he conferred on them by law. 3. There shall be no appeal from one jury iu tho Superior Courts to uuother; but tho Court may grant new trials on legal grounds. Tho Courts shall rendor judgment without the verdict of a jury, in all civil cases founded on contract, where an issuable defence i3 net filed on oath. 4. The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year, at such times at have been, or may he appointed by law. Section l V. 1. Until tlie General otherwise direct, tbero shall boa District Judge and a District Attorney for each .Senatorial District in this .State. 2. Tlie District Judge -hill haio jurisdiction to hear arid determine all offences not punishable with death or imprisonment in tlie Penitentiary; and it shall ho the duty of the District Attorney to represent tlie State in all cases bofnre the District Judge. 3. The District Judge shall sit nt staled times— not less than oin ein eitelMiiontli—in each county in his District, for the trial of offenses,aud at such other times as tlie General Assembly luay direct. 4. Offenses shall he tried beforo the District Judge on a written accusation, founded ou affidavit, said accusation shall plainly set forth Ihe offense charged, and shall contain tlie name of the accuscrand he signed hy the District Attorney. 5. There shall he no jury trial before the District Judge except when demanded hy the accused, iu which case tlie jury shall cousist of seven. (i. Sncli civil jurisdiction may lie conferred on the District Judges us the General Assembly, may direct 7. The District Judges aud Attorneys eliull hold their offices for a period ot four years, and shall receive for their services such stated compensation in their respective Districts a> may ho provided by law ; hut in no event shall their compensation be in anywise dependent on tines, forfeitures or costs. Section V. 1. The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall he vested in an Ordinary for each county, from whose decision there may be an appeal to the Superior Court, under regulations prescribed by law. 2. The Court of Ordinary shall have such powers iu relation to roads, bridges, ferries, public buildings, paupers, county officers, county funds, and taxes and other matters, as shall be conferred on them by law. 3. The Ordinary shall hold “his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified. Section VI. 1. There shall he in each district one Justice of the Peace, whose official term, except when elected to fill an unexpired term, shall he four years. 3. The Justices of the Peace shall have juris diction, except as hereinafter provided, in all civil cases where the principal sum claimed does not exceed one hundred dollars, and may sit at any time for the trial of such cases. But in cases where the sum' claimed is more than fifty dollars,; there may he an appeal to the Superior Court, under such regulations as may he prescribed by law. 3. There shall be no appeal to a jury from the decision of a Justice of the Peace, except as provided in the foregoing paragraph. 4. Notaries Public may he appointed aud commissioned by tlie Governor, not to exceed one for each Militia District, for a term of four years, and shall ho ex-officio Justices of the Peace. Section VII. « 1. There shall he an Attorney General of the State, whose official term, except when appointed to lilt an unexpired term, shall he four years. 2. It shall he the duty of the Attorney General to act as the legal adviser of the Executive Department-, to represent the State in all civil and criminal cases in tlie Supreme and Superior Courts, when required by the Governor; and to perform such other services us shall he required of him hy law. Section VIII. 1. There shall he a Solicitor General for cadi Judicial Circuit, whose official term, except when appointed to fill an unexpired term, shall be four years. 2. It shall be tlie duty of the Solicitor General to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Court of liis Circuit, and in all cases taken up from liis Circuit to tlie Supreme Court, and to perform such other services as shall he required of him by law. Section IX 1. The Judges of the Supremo and the Supe rior Courts, the Attorney General, Solicitors General, and the District Judges and Attorneys, shall be appointed hy the Governor, with tho advice and consent of tho Senate, and shall be removable by the Governor on tho address of two-thirds of each branch ot the General Assem bly, or hy impeachment and conviction thereon. 2. The Justices of tho Peace shall he elected by the legal voters in their respective districts, and shall bo commissioned by tho Governor. They shall he removable on conviction for malpractice in office. Section X. 1. The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and the Attorney and Solicitors General shall have, out of the State Treasury, adequate and honorable salaries, on a specie basis, which shall not be increased or diminished during their continuance in office; the District Judges and District Attorneys shall receive out of the Treasuries of the several counties ol their Dis tricts adequate compensation, on a specie basis, which shall not be increased or diminished during their term of office; but said Judges shall "not receive any other perquisites or emoluments whatever, from parties or others, on account of any duty required of them. 3. The General Assembly shall provide for the equitable apportionment of the compensation of the District Judges and Attorneys between tlie Counties composing their Districts, and shall require the moneys arising from lines and forfeitures iu the District Courts to be paid into the Treasuries thereof. 3. No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts, or Attorney General, unless at the time of liis appointment he shall have attained the age of thirty years, and shall have been a citizen of this State three years, and have practiced law for seven years. Section XI. 1. No total divorce shall he granted except on tlie concurrent verdict of two juries. When a divorce is granted, the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties, subject to ihe revision of the court. Section XII. L Divorce cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides, if a. resident of this State. 2. Criminal cases shall he fried in tho county where the crime was committed, except cases in the Superior Courts when the presiding Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot he obtain ed in such county. 3. 'Cases respecting titles to lands shall he tried in the r ii-oty where the land lies, except where a single tract is divided hy a county line, in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction. 4. Equity cases shall he tried in the county where a defendant resides, against whom sub stantial relief is prayed. 5. Suits against joint obligors, joint prom isors, copartners, or joint trespiasscrs residing in different counties, may tie tried in either county. 6. Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes, on other like instruments, re siding in different counties, shall be tried in the county where tho maker resides. 7. All other cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides. Section XIII. 1. The right of trial by jury, except where it is otherwise provided in tiiis Constitution, shall remain inviolate. 2. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection'of upright and intelligent per sons to serve as jurors. There shall bo no distinction between tho classes of persons who compose grand aud petit juries. Jurors shall rocoive adequate compensation for their services, to he prescribed by law. Section XI V. 1. The Courts heretofore existing in this State, styled inicrior Courts, are abolished; and tlicir unfinished business, and the duties of tho Jus tices thereof, are transferred to such tribunals as the General Assombly may designate. Section XV. »»l. The General Assombly shall have power to provide for tho creation of county commissioners in such counties as nay require them, and to define their duties. Section XVI. 1. All Courts not specially mentioned by name, in tho first section of this article, may be abolished in any county at tho discretion of tho General Asseffibly, and the County Courts now existing in Georgia are hereby abolished. Section XVII. i No court in this State shall have jurisdiction to try or determine any suit against auy resident of this State, upon any contract or agreement, made or implied, or upon auy contract made in renewal of any debt existing prior to the first duv of June, ISti.i. Nor shall any court or ministerial officer of this State have authority to enforce any judgment, execution or decree, rendered or issued upon any contract or agreement, made or implied, or when any contract in renewal of a debt existing prior to tlie first day of Julie, 1865,except ill the following cases: 1. In units against trustees where tlie property istu the handsel' tlie trustee, or has been invest ed by him in oilier specific effects now in his hands, and in sails hy the vendor of real estate against the vendee, where not more than one-tliiril of the purchase money has been paid, and the vendee is in possession of the land or specific effects for winch ho has sold it, and he refuses to deliver the land or said effects to the vendor. Iu such cases tlie Courts and officers may entertain jurisdiction and euforce judgments against said trust property or land or effects. 2. In suits for the lieuefit of minors iiy trustees appointed before the first day of June. lffo. 3. In suits against corporations in their corporate capacity, hut not so a. to euforce tlie debt against the stockholdeis ol officers thereof iu their individ ual capacity.. 4. In suits hy charitable or literary institu tions for money loaned, property—other than slaves—sold, or services rendered by sneh institutions. 0. In suits on debts due for mechanical or manual labor, when the suit is by the mechanic or laborer. 0. In cases when the debt la set up hy way of defense and the debt set up exceeds any debt due by defendant to plaintiff of whicli the Courts are denied jurisdiction. 7. In all other eases in which Ihe General Assembly shall by law give the said Courts and Officers jurisdiction : Provided, that no Court or officer shall have, nor shall the General Assembly give jurisdiction or authority, to try or give judgment on or enforce any debt, the consideration of which was a slave or slaves, or the hire thereof. 11. All contracts made and not executed during the lute rebellion, with the intention and lor the purpose of aiding und encouraging said rebellion, or where it was the purpose and intention of any one of tlie parties to such con tract to aid or encourage such rebellion, and that fact was known to the other party, whether said contract was made by any person or corpo ration with the State or Confederate States, or by a corporation with a natural person, or between two or more natural persons, are hereby declared to have been and to be illegal; and all bonds, deeds, promissory notes, bills, or other evidences of debt, made or executed by the parties to such contract, or either of them, in connection with such illegal contract, or as the consideration there for, or in furtherance thereof, are hereby de clared null and void, and shall be so held in all Courts in this State, when attempt shall lie made to enforce any such contract, or give validity to any such obligation or evidence of debt. Aud iu all cases when the defendant or any one interested iu the event of the suit, will make a plea, supported by Ilia or her affidavit, that he or she lias reason to believe that the obligation or evidence of in debtedness npon which tlie suit is predi cated, or some part thereof, has been given or used fertile illegal purpose aforesaid, the burden ol' proof shall he upon the plaintiff to satisfy the court and jury that the bond, deed, note, hill, or other evidence of indebtedness upon which said suit is brought, is or are not, nor is any part thereof founded upon, or in any way connected with any such illegal contract, and has not been used iu aid of the rebellion; and tlie date of such bond, deed, note, hill, or other evidence of indebt edness, shall not he evidence that it has or lias not, since its date, been issued, transferred, or used, iu aid of the rebellion. in. It shall he in the power of the General As sembly to assess and collect upon all debts, judg ments, or causes of action, when due, founded on any contract made, or implied, before the first day of June, liSßd, in the hands of any one in his own right, or trustee, agent, or attorney of another, ou or alter the first day of January, IS6B, a tax of not exceeding twenty five per cent., to he paid by the creditor on pain of tho forfeiture of the debt, hut chargeable by him, as to one half thereof, against the debtor, and col lected with the debt; Pi -oeided, That this tax shall not be collected if tho debt or cause of ae tion ho abandoned or fettled without legal pro cess, or if' in judgment, he settled without levy ,and sale; and provided further, ibis tax shall not bo levied so long as the Courts of this State shall not have jurisdiction of such debts or causes of action. ARTICLE VI—EDUCATION. !. The General Assembly, at its first session alter the adoption of this Constitution, shall pro vide a thorough system of General Education, to he forever free to all children of the State, tlie expense of which shall he provided for by taxa tion, or otherwise. 2. The office of State School Commissioner is hereby created. He shall lie appointed hy the Governor with the consent of tiie Senate, and shall hold his office for the same term as the Gov ernor. Tlie General Assembly shall provide for the said Commissioner a competent salary and necessary clerks. He shall keep liis office at tlie Seat ot Government. 3. The Foil tax allowed hy this Constitution, any Educational fund now" belonging to this State—except the endowment of and debt due to the State University—ortliat may hereafter be obtained in any way, a special tax on Shows and Exhibitions, and on the sale of spirituou and malt liquors—which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess—and the pro ceeds from the commutation lor militia service are hereby set apart aud devoted to the support of Common Schools. And if the provisions herein made shall, at any time, prove insuffi cient, the General Assembly shall have power to levy such general tax upon the property of tho State ns may he necessary for the sup port of said School System. And there shall be established, soon as practicable, ore or more Common Schools in each School District in this State. ARTICLE VII—HOMESTEAD AND EXEMP TION. 1. Each head of a family, or guardian 04 trus tee of a family if minor children, shall be en titled to a homestead of realty to the value of $2,000 in specie, and personal property to tho value of SI,OOO in specie, both to he valued at the time they' are set apart, and no court or ministerial officer of this State shal! ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judg ment, decree, or execution against said prop erty so set apart—including such improve ments as may bo made thereon from time to time, except for taxes, money borrowed and expended in the improvement of the homestead, or for the purchase money of the same, ami for labor done thereon, or material furnished therefor, or removal of incumbrances thereon; und it shall be the duty of tlie General Assembly, as early as practicable, to provide by law for the setting apart and valuation of said property, and to enact laws for tlie full and complete protection aud security of the same to the sole use and benefit ot said families as aforesaid. 2. All property of the wife, in her possession at the time of her marriage, and all property given to, inherited, or acquired by iier, shall remain her separate property, and not he liable for the debts of her husband. ARTICLE VIII—MILITIA. 1. The Militia shall consist of all able bodied male persons between (lie ages of eighteen and forty five years, except such as may he exempted hy the law's of the United States or this State; and shall he organized, officered, armed, equipped and trained in such manner ns may he provided hy law; subject to the paramount authority of’JjQon gress over this subject. 2. Volunteer companies of Cavalry, infantry, or Artillery may be formed in such manner, and with such restrictions, as may be provided hy law. 3. No person conscientiously opposed to hearing arms shall be compelled to Jo militia dnty, hut such persons shall pay an equivalent for exemp tion ; the amount to be prescribed by law aud ap propriated to the Common School Fund. ARTICLE IX—COUNTY OFFICERS. 1. The county officers recognized as existing by hy tlie laws of this State, and not abolished by this Constitution, shall, where not otherwise pro vided for in this Constitution, be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or Districts, and shall hold their offices for two years. They shall he removable on conviction for malpractice in office, or on the address of two thirds of the Senate. ARTICLE X—SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 1. Tlie Seat of Government of this State, from and after the date of the rat ification of this Consti tution, shall he in Hie City of Atlanta, and the General Assembly shall provide for the erection of anew Capitol, and such other buildings as the public welfare may require. 2. The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the temporary removal of the Seat of Government in case of invasion, pestilence, or other emergency. ' ARTICLE XI. The Laws of general operation in force in this State arc: 1. As the Supreme Law: The Constitution of tlie United States, the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made under the authority of the United States. 2. As next in authority thereto : this Consti tution. 3. In subordination to the foregoing: All Acts passed by any legislative body, sitting in this State as sncli, since the 19tli day of January, 18(51, including that body of laws known as the Code of Georgia, and the acts amendatory thereof, or passed since that time, which said Cotie and acts are embodied in the printed book known as "Invin’s Code;” and also so much of the Common and Statute Laws of England and of the Statute Laws of Georgia, as were in force in this State on the 19th day of December, 1800, as are not superceded by said Code, though not embodied therein, except so much of the said several Statutes, Code and Laws us may bo in consistent with the supreme law herein recog nized, or may have beeu passed in aid of tlie late rebellion against the United States, or may be obsolete, or t may refer to persons held iii slavery, which excepted laws are inoperative and void; and any future General Assembly shall he competent to alter or repeal (if not herein prohibited; any portion ol Ure t clared to be of force in this third !a*s4e of this clause of this Article and s?' lßcat wn said laws herein declared of fore,- .1 ao J of "Confederate” occurs before the Wor 4 such law is hereby amended bv soj»Ta Bt »tee word “United” for the word 4. Local and private acts rr J sX/ a '} /: - benefit of counties, cities, towns Tori, for Hi* and private persous, not in< omisterd Jratio »% Supreme Law, nor with this Conotimt* 1 * 1 * which have not expired uor been renSiiS 11 ’ dM have the force of Statute Law, subtext cud decision as to their validity WhL t 0 inl and to any limitations imposed bv terms. ' l “rtr o*s All rights, privileges and which may have vested in or person or persons, or corporation' in Li'. 5° *“7 their own right, or in any fiduciary under any act of any legislative body ££*“7, tills State as sneh, or of anv decrw in!?* i! > or order of any Court, sitting in ’ th- dß ? eitt i under the laws then of f or “f Stitt therein, and recognized by the Court of competent jurisdiction ’■* 1 day of January, 1861, shall be hrid WiM 6 . 11 ' 4 all the Courts of this State, unless mSS 4 ? 1 ! fraud, or unless otherwise declared or according to this Constitution 110 K fi. The records, docket-, books, D an*~ proceedings of auy Court or office S’ aC!i this State by the laws thereof on Se? 111 January, 1861, or purporting to exiTt h. * laws, and recognized and generally the people as such, since the said tim, by before the several Courts and ofli**™ aM vided for by this Constitution shall Li.? pri) - into actual operation, shall be wV°°- to the several Courts and offices of ~ name or functions by this Constitut e,, 510115 vided for, and shall have force and be*™ V 0" perfected and performed therein, and till'T' as follows, and not otherwise, to-wit- lleret) ?, Final judgments, decrees, proceed!,,,,, acts fully executed and performed or SL* 114 quiring performance or execution ’ shin l r '“ full force and effect as though no 'intern, t?" had taken place in the legal success" courts and offices except as herein otherSS provided Proceedings not final, and mentsand decrees not fully executed formed, shall proceed and be performed to £1“ cases, and such cases only, as this Constitut or the laws made in pursuance “ jurisdiction and authority over the cans*- . actions on which said cases, judgments de*r*« or proceedings, civil or criminal are foumh?’ Provided, that all said judgment? decnSX proceedings shall be subject to be set asidel, reversed, or vacated, by proceedings in ’th several courts having custody of the Record. -- though they were tlie judgments of said eoum and sliall be subject always to be to the meaning of the word dollar or dollar. « used in the same, and no motion for anew trt,i biU of review, or other proceeding, to vaert* any judgment, order or decree, made rim*it 19th of January, 1861, by any of said conns sot fraud, illegality, or error of law, shall be deni ? by reason of the same not having been moved in time: Provided, said motion or application is made in twelve months from the adoption of this Constitution. , I' The books, papers ami proceedings of tin Inferior Courts shall be transferred to' and n main in, the control of the Ordinaries who shall perform the duties of said Courts anti] otherwise provided hy law. The hooks, naner: and proceedings of the County Courts, and the unfinished business thereof, shall be tram ferred to the Superior Courts and the same shall he finished and performed by the said Superior Courts and the officers thereof in such cases, aud in such cases onlv, as the laid Courts are, by this Constitution or the law! made in pursuance thereof, granted jurisdiction over the subject-matter or debts on which said cases and judgments, civil or criminal, are founded. 8. The cases pending and the judgments had and made in the City Courts of Savannah andAn gasta, and in the various Justices’Courts in this State, shall be finished, aud the judgments per formed by tlie City Courts, and officers and jus tices, provided hy this Constitution, in such cases, anil<uch only, as by this Constitution jurisdiction is given to said Courts and officers, over tie causes of action on which they are founded. 9. The judgments and proceedings of Courts, and acts of officers within their jurisdiction, ,1 provided by law, shall be valid, notwithstand ing the Jiidges of said Courts or the said officers were appointed by tlie military authorities of the United States, and any of said judgments, or acts, or proceedings made or done, under or by virtue of, or in accordance with the orders of said military authorities, duly made, are as valid as if done under a law of this State. 10. These several acts of confirmation slull not he construed to divest any vested right, nor to make any act, criminal, otherwise not criminal, hut they shall he construed as acts of peace, and to prevent injustice : Provided , That nothing in this Constitution sliall be so construed as to a:alie valid auy acts done by, or before, any such de fecit officer, which would, hy legalizing such acts, ren der that criminal which was not criminal when done, or cause any act not legally criminal when done to become criminal by giving validity to such act after it was done -, hut all such acts shall he held hy the Courts to be null and void. It. Should this Constitution be ratified by ihe people, and Congress accept- tlie same witli any qualifications or conditions, the Government here in provided for, and the officers elected, shall nevertheless exist and continue in the exercise of their several functions, as the Government of this State, so far as the same may be consistent with the action of tlie United States in the premises. 12. The ordinances of this Uouveution on the subject of the first election, and the first General As sembly, shall have tlie force of laws, until they expire by their own limitation, and all otlierordi nances of a mere Legislative character, shall have tlie force of laws, until otherwise provided by the General Assembly. ARTICLE XII.—AMENDMENTS TO THK CONSTITUTION. 1. This Constitution may be amended hy a tivo thirds vote of two successive Legislature;, and by a submission of the amendment to the qualified voters for final ratification. But the General Assembly shall uot call a Convention of the people in the election of delegates to which any person, qualified to vote by this Constitution shall tie disqualified. And the representation in said Convention shal! be based on population. Nor shall the light ol suffrage ever be taken from any person quali fied by this Constitution to vote. J. R. PARROTT. Pres. Ga. Con. Conven. Attest: P. M. Sueiblky, See., Geo. Con. Conven. Atlanta, Ga., March 12, 1868. I hereby certify that the foregoing is a correA copy of the Constitution, ordained by the Georgia Constitutional Convention and adop; ted, as a whole, by that body, on the 11th day of March 1808. P. M. SIIEIBLEY, Secretary of the Conventiou. Notice to Passengers. f pilE - NEW SCHEDULE TO NEW YORK, -L and all points North and East, hy tho Great Atlantic Seaboard Route, is now complete and in operation. No delay -• interruption. At Weldon, passengers choice of threo routes, viz.: Via ANNAMESSIC LINK. 17a RICHMOND and WASHINGTON CIIV but OLD BAY LINE. THIS IS TUB PLEASANTEST, SAFEST, CHEAPEST. and QUICKEST BOUIE TO THE NORTH! P. 11. LANGDON, General Southern Agent- ISAAC LEVY, apl—if Agent at Augusta. (,J ' MATERIA MUSICA, MATERIALS FOR THE PIANI^ A CLASS BOOK, CONTAINING Principles of Music applied to * more Playing* adapted for private tuition, ,- jr especially arranged lor the of young Indies’ normal schools, and o narics of learning. Py J. P. Eugclbrec • Just published. Price, 75 conts-mailcd p PaUl ‘ OLIVER DITSON & CO--^ Publishers, 277 Washington st., t> 0. 11. DITSON A CO-, ap4—tf 711 Broadway, To Luoitl? \ HANDSOMELY FURNISHED and V Commodious DWELLING HOU 1 136 Broad stroct. _ The House bus all the Modern Imp „ aSO ii- To a suitable tenant it will be routed able terms. Apply to TnistMt mar3 ts EPHRAIM TWEED!.- Tru-