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MORNING NEWS. BV JOHN n. COOPElt. T. THOMPSON, EDITOR TERMS: DAILY PATER $4 00 | TRt-'VEEKLY All Now Advertisements appoar $3 00 mill papers. Lays of the Laboratory. i* Hydrogen to Chlorine. Oh! toll mo When wilt thou bo tnino! My beautiful ivy green ! Oh ! any-our atom shall combine, My love—my own Chlorine ! Ilow slowly will the moments pass, Tho mind of Time will run As Muraitio Arid (ins, Till thou and I make one ! Magnesia, the Forsaken One, to Sulphuric Acid. Thou has left me for another; Be it so, since we must part; Scorn’d affinity I'll smother : Go, uncohstant ns thou art. Sinco Baryta, me forsaking, Thou has chosen for thy mate, 1 n Worthier partner taking, Will become a Carbonate. To a rival more alluring, •Now Magnesia yields thee free; Form with her a more enduring Siflphute than thou didst with me! Ammonia: A Duct. Atnlhpuin so frolicsome, whither away ? To sport in l ho breeze like a butterfly gay. Still lively as ever, thou terifqim thing; My delight is to be constantly on tho wing, So I’ll merrily, merrily, soar the' sky, l''or you know I’m the volatile Alkali. . , Tru, la, la, la. [ Punch's Almanac. The traveller says tlint he will probably be arraigned in the Supreme Court this week, when a time for his trial will be assigned. The Boston Hom'd puts forth a story that when Dr. Webster’s desk was first examined by the police after his arrest, it contained no papers in the handwriting of Dr. Turkman, and that the notes of hand, found on their second visit, must have been placed there subsequent to the first search—hut by whom is not known. It Iso contradicts the rumor o( recent intcr- ourse between the two families. The original statements and the centredic- mns, are alike irresponsible, for uuglit we know. . Gen. Cass on the Wilmot Tkoviso.—The Washington Correspondent of the Baltimore jgiuu furnishes that paper with an abstract of Gen. Cass’ speech in tho Semite, on Monday last, on tho subject of the Wilmot Proviso.— The II on. Soautor commenced by pronouncing Unit mischief-pregnant measure to be unci stitiitional. Congress, said he, never hud a right to gstahlish territorial governments. Tit right to legislate over persons and personal n lotions in the territories, belonged to the poop! thereof; and if Congress over did legislate for the territories, it was with tho implied cut fient of tlte people, signified by their ncipi -esCMtice. There was no right, no power, con ferred by the constitution, which enabled Con gress to establish territorial governments at til’, and if Congress exercised such a right, it was on llie ground of extreme necessity, and as soon as that was removed, the power itself was exhausted. Gen. Cass is quite correct when lief says that 'neither Grutius nor Puffendorf, nor Vattol, norutiy oilier writer on international laws is competent authority for this country, $ ^ the constitution of which was formed long aft* r { they had presented their works to the world. SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1850. I Wo must not forget lliut. the constitution of tho United States is u distinct progress beyond all their labor, and that no progress can admit of tho paitas a standard. The origin of -Euro pean jurisprudence, after tho barbarism of.thc middle agus, must be sought in tho endeavors of her mon of'letters to reconcile tho historical condition of that continent with the categorical , demands of human reason, and that the whole labor of lior jurists was merely an analysis tho statu qito, with an attempt to refer it to fix ed abstract principles which cannot be traced historically to the rise and full of heron; pises. Neither must it bo forgotten that these writers woro Uie subjects of Kings, and ns such liable as tho libeiul writers of Europe now nro to fine and imprisonment, if not to he cap itally punished. Hence their notions of sov ereiguty. half-sovereignty, eminent do uain,nnd the like, by which the people always go with the lands; as the trees which grow upon it. or the animals that roam in the forest. Gen Cas showed that those notions find no application in the condition of the different States and ter ritorics of the United States, nnd that the con stitution of the United States, embodying tin true progress ofhumnn freedom, must be reft red to in preference to tlio learned common tutors on European laws and jurispruden so. Mr. Cnss is against the proviso, ns a usol offensive meusuro to the South, and devoid • of practical good, in any respect. Ho think very never will go to California, New Mexico or, Dese rot.fiot even by statute laws; and on this account, valuing the Union more than all use less abstractions, Mr. Cnss will not vote on any territorial bill, embodying' the proviso; but re sign his seat. Gon. m Cass did not finish ids speech, hut as far as it went, it is not only a philosophical and stntosmnnliko, but also a legal argument of the great question now agitating the Union. _ It contains the whole history of the subject, * and will become u text to he referred to in future times. Growing Commerce of the United States.—From present indications, the busi ness of the coming spring, in the groat North- in markets, will bo on a senlo vastly exceed ing in amount airy previous season. Large packet ships arc arriving daily at. New York from foreign ports with immense cargoes of goods, by which tho receipts of customs are swelled beyond uny previous figures. Some of the extent of these operations may be ginned from the fact, that during the first five lays of last week the amount received at the Custom House of that city was upwards of eleven mired thousand dollars, and" it was expected that the week would bring tho gross receipts up to a million anil u half of dollars. In Bos ton, too, tho greatest activity prevails among the importing merchants. Largo cargoes of lry goods had arrived there during tho week thus insuring an early supply for tho spring trade in that line, which the papers say has been unusually good during the past year great, trade is anticipated by the Boston mer chants this spring. A combination of circumstances affecting the commercial w.orld have conspired to pro duce this prosperous state of things, promi nent among which mny be mentioned the d dine in the value of money in England, which was down at last advices to 1^ and 2 percent., and the steady ns well as prospective advance in our great staple, cotton. With easy rates of money in England, nnd u rising cotton market lore, there is likely to he no boundary to com merce, short of the capacity of our merchants onduct it, nnd that of our people to con sume. Our extended international intercourse with tho Mexican States and the Islands of the Gulf and of the Pacific, as well as the growing importance of our possessions in California, Now Mexico, and Oregon, may also he men tioned as exerting nn influence on. our com merce. This, together with the introduction of a steam marine by which we now traverse tho coasts of tlte two oceans, and which will, ere long, put us in direct communication with tho Chinese Empile and intermediate Islands, have wrought a miraculous change within the few years past, and limn opened a field for American capital ami enterprise, such as is en joyed by no other' nation. How ardently is it to be hoped that ito untoward event may oc cur to check oitr onw'nrd progress to the posi tion which without, it must be ours—that of tho wealthiest, freest, and most powerful na tion in tho world. Rf.ckptjon of Father Mathew. —The Very Reverend Theobold Mathew arrived in our city last night at 11^ o'clock, in the steamer Gen. Clinch, from Charleston. He was received nt tho whnrf by the “ Irish Union Society,’’ mid a large concourse of citizens, who awaited his arrival at the Charleston Steam Packet Wharf. He was conveyed in carriage, pccecdod by tho Irish Union Society and many citizens, to the house of M. Prf.ndergast, Esq., whose guest he will be during his sojourn in Savannah. In a neut nnd appropriate ad dress, he returned bis thanks for tho cordial reception he had received, and after several hearty cheers, tho assemblage retired. Arraignment of Prof. Webster in the Municipal Court.—The Boston Herald, of Saturday afternoon, says: ,“Dr. John W. Webster was brought into the t jijcipul Court ut one o’clock this afternoon, j:4 us notified that tin indictment had been lid uguinst him for the murder of Dr. Georg* 1 Turkman, and that ho would be held to answer at the Supreme Judical Court. “The indictment was not rend to him, tier was any answer made by him to the notification which was read. Ho appeared to be quite calm; and, excepting a little spasmodic twitch ing el' the lnucles of the throat, no emotion could be seen upon his countenance, which was quite pale. Webster was brought to the court in charge of officers Harrington and Smith in a oarrage. and was taken back to the jail in the same. He was only present in court for two or three minutes. “We uro officially informed that in the indict ment Jgumst Webster there are four counts, viz : the 1st charges Webster with kilings Dr. Turkman, with malice aforethought, with n knife; tho 2d, witli a hammer; the 3d, with his baud* and feet; nnd the 4th by meat s, man ner and instruments, to the jurors unknown. “The grand jury became satisfied on the first duv of llie. examination, of the guilt of Prof. Webster, and the testimony given afterwards only tended to strengthen a previous convic- liou. They were nlso satisfied that if tho wit nesses for the government were not impeached, then w in bo no hope of an acquittal. Coroner’s Inquest —An inquest was held yesterday bv Thomas Eden, Esq., upon the body of Martin Reedy, who fell into tho river about two weeks since, and was drowned. He was about 21 years of ngc. An inquest was also held yesterday on ihe body of a negro boy, belonging to Mrs. Koehler, who was drowned by falling into the OP The Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel states that the contract for building another cot ton mill in that city, has been closed. Tho Mill is to 'contain the samo number of spindles as the one which has been in such successful operation during the past year, and will be commenced immediately. This is one of the most gratifying evidences of the great success which has, and will continue to attend man ufacturing enterprize in Georgia. cr The Charleston Courier says that a company has been formed in that city, and the requisite amount of capital subscribed build a Dry Dock and Marino Railway. The Courier adds that the existing Dry Dock, has resulted greatly to tho ndvnntage of the com mercial und shipping interests ol Chareston. BP” Intelligence has been received Natchez, Miss., that the Chdiera has broken out on the plantation of Colonel Phil. B. Harrri son. in Jefferson county; that ten of his slaves died within three days,end that thirty more were Instincts of the Horse..—Wo find the fol lowing in an exchange paper: It is stated, that if a horse bo shut up in a pasture where there is no water, he will nt certain times of the day, make it a practice to stand in the place where water is nearest the surface, and thus indicate the host place for digging for it. Those who allege this to be a fact say that horses have a faculty ol smel ling water, like camels in tho African desert, or the cattle of the South American pampas. As to tho practicability of relying upon the instincts of the animal for information in re gard to the location of subterranean water courses, we will not venture an opinion. But of the fact that the horse lias tho faculty ol nosing water a considerable distance, especial ly when his senses are pricked to it by thirst, wo have in our time had the most satisfactory proofs, one of which, for the want of something better to write about, we will instance. In the year 1832. it was our fortune to he one of n party of three, consisting of the then acting Governor of Florida, ourself, and a negro servant, who were charged with tho business of jinying the annuity allowed by the U. S. government to tho Seminole Indians. The country lying between the settlements of Leon County and the Indian Reservation was at thnt time little bettor than an uninhabited wilder ness- The road, running through interminable forests of pine, with hero mid there a dark hammoc, was very little travelled, nnd was thickly carpeted with pine-straw, so that even in the day time it was a difficult matter to lul low it. It was a wild and lonely road on which, save now and then tho hut of some solitary hunter or cow-herd, no human habitation mot tlie view fur hundreds of miles together. Our equipage consisted of a two-horse barouche, in which, besides tho govenor and ourself, were sorno sixty thousand dollars in specie, and a small one-horse jersey, with out baggage, camp equipments, some twenty rifles to be pre sented to tho chiefs, and a quantity of trinkets for the womem nnd children, from their great Fatherat Washington. This establishment was Iriven by the negro who kept close in the rear of our barouche. One day after crossing tho Suwaneo we sutt'ered much from a scarcity of water, tuid would have nearly perished but for the relief afforded by n large water-melon which we had procured the day previous,the luscious core of which served to slake our thirst from time to time,as did the rind that of our horses. A night drew on and the wolves began to howl and the owls to hoot around us, we began to look out anxiously for a watering placo at which to camp. No spring or rivulet was to be seen, and as it grew dark tho horses, over- travelled and suffering for water, could scarcely bo forced to move* There was no alternativo but to push for ward in the hope of finding a branch or spring, An hour of slow and tedious travel still found us without water, hut we remarked that the horses became more animated, snuffed the air and prieked up their ears, and that the wheels of our vehicle moved more rapidly over the soft carpet of straw. We attribut* d this first to the refreshing coolness of the night air From a brisk walk they anou broke into a trot whicli increased in speed us we advanced, un til it became necessary to restrain them with the rein; -..’bile Old Button, a sngucious old cat-hammed roan, wlio drew tho jersey in the rear, manifested his impatience by butting his nose against the barouche, chafing his bit, and whickering incessantly. It was a dull star light night, and as far as the eye eould pene trate the wilderness of pines, nothing unusual was to he observed. A doubt arose in our minds that wo were oft’ the road, but as thero were no possible means of ascertaining the fact, ve allowed tho horses, as usual, to to take their course, while we occupiod ourselves with peculations respecting the probabilities of that and other mntteis pertinent to our situa tion. Suddenly, as if a whole constellation had dropped ou the earth before us, myriads of brilliunt stars were strewed before our horses feet. With an exclamation of terror, our com- panionion throw his whole weight upon the reins, and by our joint efforts we were enabled to check tho horses barely in time to save them from plunging down ihe almost perpendicular bank of an immense lime-sink, the banks of which were some fifty foet above the deep, black water. Springing to tho heads of the horses it was with difficulty that we were able to restrain them, and if it luid not been for an intervening pine, our faithful Peter and his horse Button, with jersey, bag and baggage, would have gone down to the depths whereof the judgment of man formeth no conception. After securing our impatient horses, and searching about some time, with the aid of u lightwood torch we discovered a gully that had been washed down into the sink, by which we were enabled to gain access to tho water, which .was not more heiu til y enjoyed by our jaded horses than ourselves. Buijding a fire, we camped for the night near the sink. On the following morning we spent nn hour in finding the road, which, to our great surprise, was distant more than than half u mile from the sink. The horses no doubt, had, scented the water from a much greater distance, and, unobserved by us, had left the road to obtain it. The Admission of California. ihe President communicated to Cougress. on Mon- dav the documents and papers called for by the House, in reference to the organization of the State Government in California. A corres pondent of the Baltimore Sun says : Gen. Taylor’s reply to the House resolution of injury, has been received and read, anil has embittered the South toon uncommon degree. T 1 he General admits thnt lie has advised the peo- e of California and new Mexico to form State stitutions, and that he promised them to be their friend, (to stand by them in tho case ol need.) He also admits"that Mr. Butler King ■as sent out bylho administr ation to act us an trait provocateur, leading people to believe hat Mr. King has been paid out of the secret service money. On the whole, the reading of the papers has produced an internal row in the House, and you may put it down ns certain that there is a break between the Bwing-Clayton Cabinet anil tho Southern whigs, which will not be healed in the course of thissession. Another correspondent of tho samo pa per furnishes the following abstract of the President’s Message accompanying the docu ments. The great California mare’s nest is at length found, and exhibted to public view. I do not see what is, to be made out of it against tho rcsi dent. He says, in his message, that ho was left ithnuttheaid of legislative power; ho did not undertake to exert any authority in the territo ry acquired from Mexico. Ho conferred no authority on any officers whom he found in command, and offered them no extra com pensation. He merely used such means as le found established by his predecessor.— Ho sent the Hon. Thomas Butler King as bearer of dispatches to California, and gave in structions to him and other officers, copies of- which he presents. He wished them to aid in the adoption of a State constitution, but gavo no plan for one, and did But contemplate the es tablishment of any form of government without the assent of Congress. He did not authorize the adoption of any particular provision in the constitution. Tho plan of government was left to their own deliberate choice* Under the constitution of tho United States, erv State hail the right to establish and alter its form of government, provided it did not nfringe on the constitution ; and if California was admitted as a State, she would regulate hor domestic pedicy to suit herself. The principle- that we could impose a govern ment arbitrarily oil California, becauss she was conquered, was not American. She had a right to adopt domestic institutions to suit her self. Wherever a territory was admitted as a Slate, the question had often arisen as to the tolera tion of involuntary servitude, and created great excitement. Whether Congress has tho power to prohibit slavery v.-as likely to create undue excitement in this case. Therefore ho thought it better that tho people should settle the qus- tion for themselves. The people had adopted a Constitution, in conformity with his views, but not by his direction. The officers appoint ed before he came into office, had taken the preliminary steps towards a call of a conven- tion. He repeated his recommendation that. Cali- fornia bo admitted as a Stale. The rest of California was uninhabited except the vicinity of Salt Lake. There Was no tribunnl to settle the houndar- rcis of Now Mexico. It was left to Congress to provid for that. But ho submitted that it was inexpedient to fix the boundary now, or to create any agitation by establishing a territorial government Armed Defence.—Petitions have been pre sented to the Legislature, from citizens of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, asking fur cannon und muskets, to bo placed at the disposal of the good citizens of Maryland, for the pioter- tion of the oysters in the waters of tha,' State against destruction by tho people of other States. Within the past year there have been one or two skirmishes between the Virginians and Maryland,oe on that shore,and depredators from Philadelphia, who arc in the habit of dredging for oysters ill the waters of tho Ches- apeak without license from the proprietors. The business bids fair to become serious, [Correspondence of the.Morning News.| New York, Jan. 10, 1850. Mr. Editor : Presuming that yourself and your readers feel a lively interest in the pro gress of tho new steamers now building by Wm* H. We hr. Esq., of this city, to supply the place of tho Cherokee and Tennessee in the New York and Savannah Steam Naviga tion Company’s Line, I send you o£ few notes on the subject. The first ship is in nn advanced state, her frame being nearly completed, and will bo ready for launching, say in June or July. She will be one of tho finest ships ever built in tho yards of tiiis city, having all the modern improvements, and being of the best materials mid workmanship. I will endeavor to give you sorno idea of her cabin and deck arrangements 5 On deck it is intended to accommodate the' officers, engineers, mid firemen ;■ also, to hnvo upon it till such places as are below in they Cherokee, as lumber-rooms, store-rooms, &e. Tho midship house will be aft, joining that at the stem, making a room something like that of tho captain’s in the Cherokee, about 30 feet long. The after cabins will be similar to those of the Cherokee nnd Tennessee. Tho forward cabin nnd passage ways are to be finished with hard wood, same as tho after cabin, and the state rooms arc to be arranged so as to make' the most of the room. In one state room on each side, there will bo four births similar to those of the Crescent City; other state rooms will contain two births each, and a sofa wide enough for a third when necessary to be used. The remaining state rooms will have two births each. Tho forecastle on deck will accomodate tho crew and firemen, tlte room used by the crew, on tjiie Cherokee being for steerage passengers or freight. The forward hatch will be one of the sky-lights admitting light to the forward abin, the one aft will he similar to that of tho Cherokee, and to be enclosed like her’s, but with no break, as in tho Tennessee. There will lie rooms along the wheel-house,similar to those on tho Tennessee.- She will have a steering wheel aft, so arranged as to be Used in case of It is said that the hard wood finish the forward cabin and passage ways will co3t $1,500 more than the cost of pine painted;wliite, but there will be a saving of more than the interest of the money every six months in the absence of the necessity of painting, besides tho greater firmness and durability of tho work. Messrs. Stilman, Allen & Co., of the Nov elty Works, are progressing rapidly with the machinery,- nnd will put as fine a mutive- posv- or on board of her as ever went out of their popular works. Bo assured she will meet your highest ex pectations Yourse, &c. - , .- , . . down with the terrible disease. It is to b “Tho iurv have orilv examined iortvoutofi , , ,. . , .. .... i... ,, i no |ui» i i ■ i <• feared that this dreadful scourge bas not yet p list of sixtv-seven witnesses which was fur-1 leBUU ° J left us. the 1 u;*bed them ” Attempt at Extortion.—A youth named Wm.- White, was arrested on Saturday, in NewYork, having written a letter signed L. B. Clinton, to’ Drury, which lie took to him in the prison, nnd in which he stated that he was the son of ai grand juror, nnd for a consideaation, could in fluence the Grand Jury, to get him free from tho charges against him. The accused was held to answer until other parties whom tho police are in search of can be secured. ITT A Washington letter writer says, that he South will oppose the admission of Cali fornia on the graund that the limits proposed extend south of 36 30, and therefore infringe on tho principle of the Missouri compromise; and further, on the ground that tho country south of that line being uninhibited, wus not rep resented in tho convention, and that the people of North California have no right to say that the South shall be excluded from that portion of tlie territory, while they adopt- laws for their own domestic policy. President Taylor has by proclamation, revoked the exequatur of Senor Carlos de Es- pana, the Spanish Consul at New Orleans, whose interference in the Rey affair made him obnoxious to our government. The proclama tion is said to have caused great surprise among the friends of the consul in Now-Orleuns. OF 1 The Charleston Filots state that Cum- ing’sPoint Buoy husbroke from its mooring, and drifted ashore on the bench of Morris’s Island The Ohio Legislature.—The Senate of Ohio, on Saturday, formally organized, and the Gov ernor’s message was received. Mr. Blake, the Speaker, resigned, and Mr. Converse, Whig, was elected iu his place. The Committee of Ways and Means in the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, has reported against an appropriation for re-build ing tlie capital, and in favor of removing tem porarily to the old capital at Tuscalsosd. until ilic sentiments of the people may be obtained on the subject. A rognlar line of first class packet ships has been established between Baltimore and Liv erpool. The packet of the 1st of February is a splendid ship called tlie Albus, an entirely new vessel, having been launched at Portland, Me., a short time since. The packet to follow her is the ship General Washington, to sail on the 15th February. The succeeding packets will be the ship Franconia, to sail on the 1st March, and the ship Augustus, on the 1st April. !'~W‘ A scientific gentleman ofNew York, n* we learn from the Journal of Commerce, has discovered a new mode or determining by tho laws of motion, tho mean distance at which gravitating bodies shall revolve around " each other, and finds the distance from the centre of tho snn to be 92,285,568, miles, (ninety two million two hundred and eighty-five thousand five hundred and sixty eight miles.) In this cnl- culation.which requires but a few minutes’ labor, lie takes the diameter of tlie earth ut the most commonly received measurement, 7912 miles. Shocking Mistake.—The Physicians at Re public, Seneca county, Ohio, lately sent to Cin cinnati for vaccine mutter, in consequence of small pox beiug at the former place, hut sad to toll, the vaccinations produced disease and death m several instances* It wns ascertained that tho vaccine matter was obtained from some persons in Cincinnati who had the erysip elas. Flour to Peru—The Lima Correo states that on the 23d of November a law was passed by the Peruvian Congress, prohibiting tlie importa tion of foreign flour, on tho grounds that it was injurious to health, from being liable to spoil within the tropics, and from being greatly adulterated* Intercession for the Hungarians.—■ Tho telegraphic correspondent of the New- ork Herald states that Gen. Taylor has in structed our Charge at Constantinople to con fer with the Sultan of Turkey, and gain, if pos- - silile, his pertnmission for the Hungarian refu gees in his dominion to come to America. A letter received in this city says that tho King of Naples has decided to levy 2 taris per cantarupon all sulphur exported from his do minions, to take effect immediately after jlm decree has been published. The decree is ex pected to be put in force about the 1st ot Juu- uary, 1850.—Boston Daily Advertiser. Sad Death of a Child.—A child, aged 9 years, of Jacob Hiles, at Lafayette, N. J., got access to n jug of liquor in the house, last week, and drank so much that he died next day, r>- T|, b last accounts from the Month of Ireland aro to the effect, thatthe ruin of the peasantry is complete. Mix-tenths of there are now outcasts, living in holes mid ditches, end mostly without clothing. This i» attributed to the operation of the Poor Laws, which, hough well intended, have utterly failed of their effect. Mrs. Win . Robinson .whilst sitting on the rail ing, fell overboard from etenmer Alex. Feoff, near Louisville, Ky.,on Wednesday last, and was drtmTieil Her husband mid brother were on board.