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ORIGINALLY thTVreeft nation m Eu rope, France gradually fuffred its liberties to be absorbed in royal prerogative, and the states general, a confiitut tonal lcgiftuivc power, intended as a control on ihe c xecu tive power, had long been difpenlcd with, so t at the government ended in absolute monarchy. The parliament of Parts, which was only a court of justice, under color of opposing royal prerogative, had often at tempted to become, and afte&ed to confider itfelf as the guardian of the people, and of representing the dates general; but all their efforts against the royal power only termin ated in irs more firm eftabiiffment, until the last effort, which overturned it entire ly. The French are violent, quick, generous, and enthusiastic; but cool deliberation, a sense of justice, an attentive regard to max ims of prudence, are necessary in either a re publican or mixed government. In all thp assemblies of the states general, previous to 1789, the impatience of fome, and the en thusiasm of offers, enabled the court to tri umph. In the last meeting,, when the cur rent of public opinion set in another directi on, it was with a violence that nothing could resist, and the monarchy vras speedily swept away, together with every institution attach ed to it. The power of the many was the firft sub stitute for the power of the few; but this is a despotism in which there is no jufti.ee, no fafety, no protection, which ha* at all times been short lived, and individual tyrants have started up and governed in its name. T Several such have governed in France with great severity, until at last a general of un common personal merit and abilities has ven tured to ameliorate the state of the people, and to govern with mildness and moderati on. How it will be when the course of e vents put the reins of government into feebler hands is very uncertain; but it is to be hoped, for the fake of humanity, that experience will teach moderation, and mo deration set bounds to enthusiasm. Extent in (quare miles, 149,000 Number of inhabitants, 26,000,000 Number of persons to a square mile, - : 174 Exient in Engl iff acres, 95,000,000 N umber of acres of land to one person, j 3 2-3 Revenue in pounds sterling, 19,000,000 Public debts, 250,000.000 Eand forces in tjme of peace, 2 25,000 Ditto in time of war, 500,000 Number of seamen in time of peace, 24,000 Ditto in time of war, 120,000 Ships of the line, 75 Frigates, Hoops, &c. 185 Leagues of seacoast, 470 Number of inhabitants in the capital, 789,000 Number of cultivated acres, 75,0003000 Revenues of the clergy, reck oned before the revolution, 25,000,000 Exports to England, 45,000 Imports from do. . 150,000 Great divisions of the country* 17 , Chief towns, Paris, Lyons, Marseilles, Bourdeaux, Nantes, Strafburg. Longitude of central point, 2 and. 30 m. eafl. Latitude of do. 46 and. 30 m. north. Longitude of capital, 2 and. 20 m. east. Lititude of do. 48 and. 50 in. north. Religion, Roman Catholic. Amount of taxes on each person, 145. Bd. There is not a more fruitful country than France, but there are few mines of any fort in it, consequently the exports conftfl chiefly of wines, fruits, and manufadures of a finer Kind, for which that nation is famous; giv ing in general the law in matters of taste aad fafficm to ail the nations of Europe. . • ’ *'■ Bills of Exchange on London roll SALE BY JOHNS TON, ROBERI SON, and CO i BOSTON Extract of a letter received by a gentleman cii Marble- K beadfrehn bis jj.mat Gurngna, (on the Sfanijh Main) dated i6tbjtfl'Av?uJlj.t&S2e ‘ “ ~XT ESTERDAri morning, as I was going iip the ri jL ver in in/ Tong boat, and being abo.nt half way up, there occurred a ‘.very severe fiiock of an earthquake, which alarmed me beyond imagination. The rive/where I then was was only fix feet deep. The firft tffedl which I perceived was the laud in motion exactly like the waves of the sea, the people al! quitting their honles, and failing on their knees, pray ing for protection. The bottom of the river rose in such a manner as to itrike the boat's bottom to l'everely that it broke off the rudder as I was fleering it. The shock lasted but a very little while. I got on Ihore as quick as poifible; and my apprehensions were much heightened from feeing the earth opened in one place from 60 to 100 feet in length, and from 30 to 40 feet broad, which before Was cultivated,, but now is a body of water. Ail the way up the river, on the right hand, the land was laid open more or lei's, and many boufes and trees were lhaken down. When I got up to town I found all the people in the streets; they had run out through fear of be ing buried in the ruins of, their boufes. About 12 o’clock was another 1 shock, I think heavier than the firft; the houses that were handing were in motion like a ship at tea; we were all expecting every moment the earth to open and swallow us up, I yvas so much overcome I scarcely know how I behaved; feeing every one on their krrres praying, thepriefts ami friars in procoffion, with,all their faints car ried with them, fbpplicating Heaven for protection, was enough to affect, the stoutest heart. As soon as I could I .made all poifible hafle to my vessel, and was very glad to ;get there. About 8 o’clock in the evening vyas another I’mall shock, which did but little damage. During the 1 whole night the inhabitants were in prayers, and in pro ceflion walking up and down, and did riot know where to igo for fafety. lam told there were but few lives loil. There were a number of boufes destroyed, and scarce a house but received mote briefs damage. Even the fifli in the river rose upon the fiirface of the water, and aimed to get. out to ;he ocean; they feeinea to be in great terror; the water in the river, during the day and night, was in very , great agitation. I desire to bless God, who fayed me in this hour of great peril.” NeivTcrk, oSober 11. It will be seen, bv turning to our marine lead, that during the last 48 hours, 62 ves sels have arrived at this port, chiefly from the l'outhward, with valuable cargoes of grain. Though we have taken great pains to get all the arrivals during the above period we fear fome have cleaped us, as 31 fail all came up on Saturdaiy in one fleet. The French frigate La Confidante dropped down to the watering place yeiferday morning., preparatory to taking her departure for Guadaloupe. Previous to this (lie fired a salute, which was returned by the fort on Governor’s I (land. Capt. Butler, of the brig Peacock, from Guadaloupe, informs us, that gen. Rkheprmle died there on the 7th August, after an illnvis of ten days, and is succeeded by gen. Gobert. A conlidemble reinforcement of troops was hourly expected, though thu iflahd was perfectly tranquil. Provilions were scarce and in great demand. Flour at 12 dollars per barrel. October 12. A Are broke out lad niglit in a livery liable in New llreet, which confmned, notwithstanding the great exertions of the citizens, 14 buildings, before the ravages of this ddhudtive element were flopped. We are happy to hear that no Jives were lofl. Mr. Michael Little and mr. Morrison, vve tinderiland, are the'principal fufFerers, and had it not been for dr. Charleton’s fire proof buildings the whole chain from his to Bcver street inevitably must have fallen a facrifice. Tbiledelpbia, October 9. COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. On Wednesday iN: 29th ult. the annual commencement ! of the college vyes held at Princeton. On the preceding evening the following young gentlemen, previodfly ap pointed by the two literary societies in college for that puypole,-pronounced orations in the church: Jqfeph R. IngerfoJ, George Mason, Paul S. Lee, Joliah Simpson, Robert Brown, John D. Edwards, Thomas Marfiiail, and ‘ Alfred Cuthbert. The students having assembled at the president’s house, the trustees and faculty walked with them in procelfion to the church. The preftdent introduced the exercise of the day with prayer, after which followed: A Latin firiutary oration, bv George Emlin,, of Penn sylvania. An English salutary oration* by John Piirdon, of Penn fy Ivania. . , Ah oration upon the belles lettres, by Richard kJ. Henderforr, of Virginia. “ , A debate upon the probable permanency of the federal f compadl, by George Emlin, respondent; Robert I. Arm strong, of New Jersey, opponent; and Il’aac Browne* of New Jersey, replicator. Firjl tank of honorary orations. An oration on the comparative merits of ancient and modern philofophv, by David Allen, of Virginia. An oration on filial affect ion, by David Strawbridge, of Delaware. An oration on advantage of government, by Hext M l Call, of South Carolina. Then followed a difeuffion on the causes of the trade winds, by John H. W. Middleton, of South Carolina, WHliam of New Jersey, and Alexander John son, of Pennfj Ivania. Second rank of honorary orations. An oration on commerce, by Thomas H. Ellis, of Vir ginia. An oration on the advantage of education in a republic, by Joseph Lee, of Delaware. T be Degree af Bachelor of Arts was conferred bn the following gentlemen: David Allen, of Virginia; Robert L. Armfirong, of New Jersey; lfaac Browne, of do. James Dill, of New York; Thomas FI. Ellis, of Virginia; George Emlin, of Pennsylvania; Eubch A. Green, of New Jersey; Robert Haberlham, of Georgia; Richard H. Hcnderfbn, of Vir giifia; Alexander Johufon, of Penniylvania; Micajah G. Lewi,, Tfcnncuee; tAuric, Lindsey, of New * Vanorunt Magaw, of ao. Rob; rt Manning w lev; Flext McCall, of South CamVniu- WLMi at ton, of S( -th Carolina; Flcnry Mills of v ‘,^l of Jnhn H,„Zja ina; Gc<*ge Strawbridge, of Delaware; Caleb itnre, cf Virginia; William Walhingtou, of South M lina. , | An honorary certificate of proficirilev L r • 1 was delivered to Joseph Lee. “ * cie ®cs Tl “ Os Oodor „f Diviuity was conlt,red,,,, rev. Hezekiah R.pley of Connecticut; the rev Balfour of Glasgow, in Scotland; the rev. M-.trh! ‘ft Mol NOrfolk ’ (C ° no a " d Fhe degree of Dodor of Laws was conferred „ t hon. John Marflial, ,chief justice of the United Sf* and on m, El.phalet Pearson, profeffor of guages and belles lettres in the university The degree of Master of Arts was Alexander McLeod, A. B. of Union college, and L? o the reformed Rrefbyterian congregation in New W t!ie rev. Jafiah Hmton, of Oxford, in Great Britain- J drew o. Hunter, attorney at law, New-Terfev Wilt Fanand, A B . of YaleUege.’and cademy in Princeton. r rhe rev. Edward D. Griffin, A. M. of Yale colU was admitted ad enndem in this college. The following Alumni of this college were admitted j the lecond degree in the arts: Lewis Morris, dq. of sj Laro.tna; Eieazer Burnet, of New Jersey; Elias rZ ,of New Jerley; Clement Earlv, of Georgia; Foriyth, of Georgia; Thomas Miller, of Virginia- Em e'e-ncu Nash, of South Carolina; John Alston and Willia, Aiflon, of South Carolina; and lfaac Meafon, of P™ iy Ivania. John P. Crosby, A. B. pf Columbia college, was ii .mitted ad enndem in this college. i he valedictory Orati n was then pronounced by Wild am MTlvain. * J j The whole concluded with prayer by the rev. dr. Mac. whorter. Baltimore, C&oker 12. Letters from France., by tie ’ Grip Benjamin Franklin, lately arrived from Havre (/race, mention, that the drafts ifliu-d by mr. PichonM spring, to the amount of 1503000 dollars, have been dclij paid; and those lame letters gxprefs a confidence that flt iubfequent ones will likewise meet with a- punftual pj ment. It is further laid that the French government 2 provided’a large fund in the United States to be aprjrop ated so thefi< expences until full confidence in bills is* stored, and to prevent further drafts. H r aJ}:ingto7% OSteber 15. We undertone! thatlettei have been received in this country from Algiers as lates the 7th of July, which furnilh the following infonhatk The dey of Algiers has demanded of the American c® ful to dirett the United States frigate the George WaiMl ington to be brought to Algiers, for the purpose of beicj j fi-nt by the dey to Constantinople, to tranfpovt aqitanliijjj of spars and other articles. The consul in vain. The dey direfted him to write irritfiediatelv,acd|l obtain an anfwei as soon as poifible. - I On the evening, however, of the fame day, their I informed the consul, that, considering the great difecel of the United States, he had determined to call upoatkl confuis of other nations. Such demands is Hated to tell been made of the Spanifli and Danilh con fills*"’ I On the 26th June a Tripolitan corsair, with the Amnil can brig Franklin as a prize, arrived at Algiers. Tkl claim of the consul for a restoration of the vdlbl andcrefl had not on the 7th of July succeeded. I On the 16th of June three ftiips of the line andiwofri-l gates cf Spain threatened a blockade of Algiers, and dr*® manded all captured Spanifli veflels. The dey threatened I war against Spain, which was only averted ori the folio* I ing terms: The payment, in money and presents, to tk.l amount of 132,000 dollars; a renunciation by Spaindi her claim to captured veflels and cargoes; and a departure I of tire Spanifli fleet. | On the 22 of June, in an interview with the firitilVl consul and fir Robert Barlow, the dey demanded a of the British passports, and a compliance with his old claiit* of 187,000 dollars, and declared, if these terms werenotfl complied with in five months, he would make war agairlß England. : B On the 30th of June the dey demanded of fhanuM the French agent, films, alleged to be due, or promife® amounting to 500,000 dollars, and threatened war agaiu* France, if not complied with in 40 days. H It is further stated that Algiers and lunis rre on iV verge of a war. ..J Gbarlejlon , GBober 21. Y r efterday Arrived, the 1 Sarah, Bowden, Greenock. 55 days. £ Arrivals from this port. 1 At Cowes. Ship Pegasus, Jervey, 24th Augri-* ij At Dover. Ship Britannia, Miller, 00. J ANONE and CO. I Carver r, Gilders , Pi cl are Frame Makers, Print Sellers, Barometer and < Tker?n r jM ! m Manufacturers,, from London , Jm Now at the Corner of Broughton and Bernard flreets? s the Market, SAVANNAR, ~ b)o< * SELL all kinds of looking-glafies, &c. ‘.m for philosophical experiments. 1 h£}’ form the public of this city that they have for . collection of drawings and paintings cn vc u drawings and paintings, and a variety of “ n F taken from nature. Also, a collection or ni ° o j. aquatinta and other engravings, from a “ x e by the mofi eminent artifls of the globe. Li e variety of borders, medallions, Ihells; an all deicriptions, patterns for fire fereeps, lta 1 • drawing, Sccl ‘ , Cl didWl jC~r* Barometers, telcfcope*, fire fereens, p and repaired on realonable terms. . ,7