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0V UXOR’S MCSSACifi. I*T.' o’clock, to-day His Excellency transmitted the following Message, to Loth ’..ranches of the General Assembly: Exix'ltive DmirntENT, Ga, Millctlgenyfo, Gfk November, 133. Fui.low Citizens —When we take a survey of the events of the clo.-i.'ig year, it produces mingled emotions of pleasure and pain Uur actual condition .Vud enjoyments as a people, arising from clunat , soii and good government, wlien compared wifti other portions of the world, admonish us io admire and adore the Divine Author of our multiplied blessings.— Nothin" has transpired to lessen our attachment, or diminish our confidence. in the good S' stems of government under which we live: we should therefore cherish an increased zeal, and an abiding hope for the perpetuation of our free and happy institutions. The truths of history do authorize the lu-ljef, that we are to enjoy the inestimable blessings of liberty an I free government, founded on principles iff equal rights, without rigiloner, and Constant exertion on tne part of the people, who are the only legitimate source of govern in ntal power. Our conflicts with Federal usurpation arc not yet at nn end : tlic events of the pest year have afforded us new cause for distrust As dissatisfaction. Contrary to the enlightened opin ions, and just expectations of the people of t hist, umlevcry other State in the Union, a ma jority of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, have not only assumed ju risdiction in the cases of Worcester and Butler, but have by their decision, attempted t-> overthrow that essential jurisdiction of th State, ifleriminal cases, which has been vested by our Constitution in the Superior Courts of our own State. In conformity with their de c.sion, a fhanriate was issued, directed to our court, maloting a reversal of the decree under wfiich those p rsons are imprisoned, thereby attempting and intending to prostrate the sovereignty of this State in the exercise of its constitutional, ctiminal jurisdiction. extraordinary proceedings of the Supreme Court, have not been submitted to tne officially, nor have they been brought before tne in any manner, which called for my official action. I have however been prepared to meet this usurpation of Federal power, with the most prompt and determined resistance, in whatever form its enforcement might have been at- i tempted, by any Branch />f the Federal Government. It has nlForded tne gr at satisfaction to find, that our whole people, as with the voice of one man, have manifested a calm, but firm and determined resolution to sustain the authorities and sovereignty of their State j against this unjust and unconstitutional encroachment of the Federal Judiciary. The inge- 1 nuity of man might be challenged to show asinglc sentence in the Constitution of the Uni ton States, giving power, either direct or implied, to the General Government, or any of its j Departments, to nullify the laws of a state, enacted for the government of its own popula-! tion, or coerce obedience, by fcrcc, to the mandates of the Judiciary of the Union. On the j contrary, the Journals and proceedings of the Convention that framed the Federal Constitu-; tion, abundantly evince, that various attempts wcjc made to effect that object, all of; which were rejected. This-proves that the States efthis Union, never d>, and never will permit their political rights to be suspended upon the breath of tiie Agents or Trustees to j w hom they have delegated limited powers, to perform certain definite acts. 1 however deem it unnecessary for me at this tiinf, to animadvert on this decision of the Supreme j Court. Its fallacy, its inconsistency with former decisions, and its obvious tendency to in-1 tenncddlc with the political rights of the States, and to change our Federal System into one consolidated mass, lias been so often exposed by the most able Jurists and Statesmen, that a j large majority of the people of this Union arc confirmed in the conviction of the fallibility, j infirmities and errors of tills supremo tribunal—-This branch of the General‘Government j must henceforth stand, where it always ought to have stood, in public estimation, as being liable to all the frailties and weaknesses of erring man. j Shortly after the adjournment of the Legislature in December last, I communicated di rectly to the President of the United States, the views of this Slate as manifested by her ie- J yislature, on the subject of our unocupicd lands lying in Cherokee county: and at the j same nine frankly Communicated to him iny views, especially ns to the necessity, and im portance of an immediate surrey, and perhaps, occupancy of these lands. Tim President has manifested equal solicitude with ourselves, to effect an amicable and satisfactory ad-j justrnent of our territorial embarrassments, lie has proposed to the Cherokee people, terms of the most liberal ciif.racter, with a view to induce them to emigrate to the \V est, and thereby to enable biin to effect thc-great object of his solicitude, in permanently bene fiting that unfortunate and deluded race—and at the same time to fulfil the long delayed obligations of the United otates’Government to Georgia, entered into by the compact ol 1 ISO'J. Notwithstanding the extraordinary liberality of the propositions submitted to the Cnero hoes, and the kind spirit*in which tiiey were presented, the enemies of the- President and of Georgia, have so far succeeded, as to prevent any satisfactory arrangement or Treaty with them; *?; their reply to those liberal propositions evinces a most arrogant & uncompro mising spirit. . Every days experience has aflorded new evidence of the utfer impracticability and im-, policy of attempting any longer to maintain our laws and government over the Cherokee J I .art of Ceorgia, without an increased and-hetter population. Every effort has been made | by the Executive, lo maintain the inviolability of the laws of the State in Cherokee county;; ik. .! <•--* - not benn.attended with the desired .success. Oar laws have been j repeatedly violated, and for the want of that moral force, which pervades counties inhebi- 1 ted by a more dense, enlightened, anti virtuous population, the transgressors have for some j time escaped merited punishment. Our scattered population of good character, who now j inhabit this county, have often found themselves destitute of security from the depredations; of dishonest men; and when they have sought protection from the laws of the land, they I have often found those laws evaded and perverted, bv combinations of such characters, aid- j ed by the advice and counsel oft hose, whose enlarged acquirements should have directed ! their influence in aid of thecause of Justice, and the supremacy of the laws. Legal and j pettifogging subtleties, in this county, seem measurably to have triumphed over equity and I ufair administration of the law. Not only the Supreme Court o! the United States, but the Superior, and even the Infc-1 rior Courts of our own State, have so far aideddn overturning our laws and the policy of j our State government., as to declare them unconstitutional, and order the discharge of pris-! oners arrested and confined under their provisions. Nevertheless amidst all these irreguiu- 1 rities, strifes and disorders, there is much cause of sincere gratification, that the events of i the year have produced nothing more seriously injurious to the iuterosls and character of the State. , The survey of t!io county of Cherokee in conformity with, and under the provisions of the several nets of the Legislature, has been completed without any serious obstacle or dif ficulty : and in the exercise of that discretion confided to me hv law, l have not hesitated | to move, forward in that direct line, which l deemed best calculated to ensure'a speedy set tlement of the unoccupied lands in Cherokee county. Accordingly, in due time, the Jus tices of the Inferior Courts of the several counties were notified and required to execute ( the duties devolving on them, in regard to receiving and returning the names of persons entitled to draws in the lotteries; which having been done according to law, and the tickets having been prepared, the Lottery Commissioners were convened and commenced tb e pre paratory arrangements for the drawing; which was commenced on the 2‘Jd October last, and is now in progress, under their superintendence. 1 deem it unnecessary at this time to enter upon an enlarged vindication of the policy which has been pursued by the authorities of Georgia on thi3 subject. Suffice it to say, that I have, dally, increased evidence that our policy has been founded in wisdem; justice, j and true benevolence, and will, ere long, terminate in the preservation of a roinnant of jbese unfortunate Indians; arid our State will bo relieved from the libels and embarrass- merits or a thirty-years controversy. Itnow bccoilies ray duty to call the serious and deliberate attention of tho Legis lature, to the subject of tiic present condition of the Cherokees, who remain within our Btatc. By our existing law 9, their homes and improvements arc secured to them, so long as they may choose to remain thereon ; hut these laws arc by no means adapted to the secu rity of their persons and property. Therefore special and appropriate Legislation, is most earnestly recommended ; whereby (hose objects will he secured to them, and their rights he as effectually Shielded from violation, as those of the white man. It is duo to the charac ter of the State, that tins dependent people should he protected by laws as liberal as may as inay be consistent with their moral mid intellectual condition. To afford them such protection, and to extend to them suitable privileges-, without endangering the rights of our own citizens, will require the most careful deliberation and prudent forecast, The land fund, set apart by the Legislature, has been found insufficient to pay, even the legal expenses of surveying the public lands. Nothing therefore remained to discharge the various expenses, necessarily incident to the preparation for carrying the Lottery laws into effect. The Legislature will perceive the necessity of providing, at an early day, for the payment of all arrearages, and other expenses appertaining to this business. It is the more urgent, that it should he done without delay, from tiie consideration, that many needy persons have hlready performed much useful labor for the public, who have not yet receiv ed any compm.nation. While on this subject, it may not remark, that the Executive has not been only embarrassed on account of the inadequacy of the 1/ ud fund; hut from tho improvidence of the last Legislature, in providing the means at the Treasury to meet their several appro priations. The appropriations for the past political year, greatly exceeded the available means at the Treasury. This omission of the Legislature, was discovered at an early day after tho adjournment of their last annual session . and after due consideration, it was de termined to endeavor to sustain the operations of the Government by other means than that of an Extra Sessiod of the Legislature. I therefore applied to the Directors of the Central Bank, laid before them the situation in which the Executive was placed, and .desired to Le informed how fir that institution could, consistently with its charter, accommodate the Govcnaent. Th<*Di rctiors, without hesitancy, manifested every disposition to grant any cccointnoklations which might be legally extended. And by an arrangement agreed upon, the Bank has taken up, and paid off the Executive Warrants, whenever the means to meet them were not found at the. Treasury ; which warrants have boon taken up by the Treasu- j rcr, as fast as the means were received at that Department.. Thus, through the agency of ti:3 Bank, ! have been enabled so for to meet the appropriations of the Legislature, as to j avoid tle deprecated necessity of convening fin extra Session. But doubts being enter taint and as to the competency of the Bank to meet the entire, demands authorized by the Le gislature, I have therefore been placed under t lie necessity of discriminating etween ap r<rorria f ions made for the indispensable operations of ‘lie f le< rr:;me tied minor and : ndi- Vclual int rests, 'fire lie port of the Directors of the Central Bank, which accompanies! this Message, will exhibit the extent of the accommodation which has been granted to this Department. From thjs statement the Legislature will be able to ascertain the .extent of the deficit, which has accrued at the Treasury, to meet * ie Executive* Warrants which have been drawn on thcscvcral appropriations for the eurremt year. Whatever legislation may be necessary to remedy the omission* of tiie last session, upon these several subjects, commends it* If to your immediate attention. j The act cfthe last Legislature, abolishing the' Penitentiary System in this Slate, in i connection with the facts, of the institution being embarrassed with debt, almost destitute jof materials to carry on tire different branches ol manufacture, and the interior buddings and workshops' being in an unfinished and unsuitable condition, to aid the important ob jects of good government and useful business —all combined to impress upon the present j Managers of the institution, a spirit of despondency. Nevertheless lum highly gratified { to have it in my power, to present to the Legislature, demonstrative evidence of the spirit , and ability, with which the institution has been managed during the present year. It will be seen by the Reports of the Inspec ors herewith transmitted, that tiie labor of the con- I vic's will more ihair defray the ordinary and current expenses of the year. The internal ! police of fhe institution, has been such, as to prevent escapes, -secure the health and com j tort of the Convicts, and ut the same time, it is believed, that in many instances, reforma | lion has been effected, and in some, that it will prove tube permanent. As far us the l means of the institution w ould justify, a prop r forecast lias been directed to the procuring |of an ample supply of timber and other materials for manufacture; but the appropriations |of the lost Legislature were nearly exhausted at once, in the payment of debts against the institution contracted in-tS3i, for building, and various articles of supply. j The out .“taming debts due to the Penitentiary, is a subject which deserves special at ftention. Between fifteen ami twenty thousand dollars of unavailable debts appear to 1; ■ .Ine to tiie institution; most of which were c ontracted previous to the year lSk'9. A po: j tion of these debts has been placed in the hands of Attornies for collection ; all of whom • have not yet accounted salisfactotily for the amount Bins placed in their hands, i li< row itii submit to the Legislature a document, exhibiting all the information 1 have been able to > collect on this subject. At present it is believed, that the fiscal transactions of the iastitu ition, are conducted w ith system, skill and prudence; which will hereafter prevent any n.a- I tcrial loss, if the present regulations are continued. The books and accounts are kept | with great accuracy, and credits are extended with that caution, which will, in future, pro : vent the accumulation of bad debts. From t: ; indications of public opinion, iris believed, that the abolition of the Poniten- 1 i tiary System, has not received the approbation of the majority of the people: arid 1 fee! as sured that the experience of one year, under our present code, has strengthened public [ opinion in favor of the Institution. A genera! disposition seems to pervade the comm uni ; t.y to shield culprits from the infliction of the sanguinary punishments of our present crimi nal code; and licnco it is, that frequent applications are made io the Executive to grant re prieves, and remit the sentences of the Courts. Imprisonment jn the county Jails, being a common punishment inflicted n the violators of our piesent criminal laws, is found to be i | expensive, and in many cases, burthwsomo tdtlic counties; w hich tends to encourage ap-j plications for pardons, even where there is nothing to extenuate the guilt of the offender. After the most mature reflection I cannot hesitate in arriving at the conclusion, that | Penitentiary confinement is, by far, the roost economical mode of punishment for crime:; and from the operations of the present year, I incline to the opinion, thqt if the system were reinstated, and appropriately patronized by the Legislature, it would be certain to defray j its < xpenses, and perhaps, at a day not far distant, become a source of profit and income to j tlie State. Should the Legislature determine to revive the system, a due regard to the re-! formation of the Convicts, and profitable management of the institution, will require a fur ther improvement of the interior 'buildings and workshops, and a more amply supply of • 1 various materials for fabrication. The necessary appropriation to accomplish these objects j | under;■ proper management, could-not fail, eventually, to be a measure of economy and! I saving to the State. ‘ ■ j ‘ The sure defence and fortress of liberty, is the Militia—the citizen Soldier. in no country can it be reasonably •xpected, that every citizen should be trained and ready for the active duties of a soldier in the tented field. The government, relying as itjdoes, on the Militia for defence in time of dang, r, should unquestionably have some organization ! whereby it might not only know its strength, hut have, at ready command, the power to I concentrate an efficient portion of iis martial force, at a short warning—which in any I emergency might serve as a rallying point for the great body of its Militia, it is not with !in the range of our State gov rmirentio keep up a standing Army: nor is it compatible 1 with our views and policy. Nevertheless, it is believed, that voluntary associations of ac tive and patriotic citizens, organiz and under k gal’sanction and encouragement,might alford Lo every section cf our State, a rallying point, in c;; ?Mf [sudden alarm from any quarter foreign or-domestic. The few returns which n been tirade to this Terw’.lnv. nt frrrr. Division and Brigade Inspctors, and various otln r sources of information, can *eave no doubt of the fact, that our present Militia system has rank under the imperfections of its own structure, and organi zation, and unless renovated by legislation, may be considered as nearly extinct. Under these circumstances, it becomes highly necessary that the Legislature should take this im portant subject into serious consideration, and provide by law some plan of organiz ition, in lieu of that which has practically become obsoh tc. As the distribution of the public arms! under the law of the,United States, foy arming tint] equipping the Militia, is made among the States according to the relative strength of the Militia, it is a matter of interest to-ob tain accurate re.turns of the force of the State—and the disorganization of oar system is 1 such as to render it i apossihle to osci rtain the entire strength of the Militia of the State. < I consider it highly important, that the effective strength of the Militia should at all times' be known—that there should be .it least one company of well trained volunteers, in each county in tho Stale, and in tiie populous counties, perhaps more—that provision should be! tnadedbr arming and trainingu’i such volunteer companies, and that- they should, at all! times, old. thorns-Ives in readiness tpob-y the calls of their country in case of alarm or! danger—and further, • t provision should be made for enlarging such Volunteer force, whenever the situation of the country may demand it. But past experience has demon strated, that if these views should be adopted, it will bo indispensably necessary to make ample provision for tho preservation, sale keeping and due return of the public arms when! called for. Unless this objecfcan ba effected, it will be wot sc than useless, to attempt to, carry into effect, the plan now suggested, i have ascertained that most of the public arms which have been drawn from our for Volunteer and other service, since the year! lßi'J, may be considered as lost to the Slate; and those which are not entirely lost, arc i chiefly in a ruinous condition. In many instances 1 find howls on file in this Department, for tiie safe keeping and return of the arms, thus distributed, when called for; but in most j cases, the makers of these bonds, it is presumed, arc now dead, removed or insolvent, and the companies dissolved. Since l entered upon the duties of tins offiae, I hava received j various communications, from highly respectable individuals, some written, but mostly ver- 1 bai, informing me of arms and accoutrements being in their icspectivo neighborhoods in at situation to be .lost for’want of care. In several cases where 1 have attempted invest iga- ! tions. I have not been able to,fiml a responsible individual; and without legislative proviso lon, lamat a loss how to proceed, so as to save this public property (Yom entire loss. The! arms thus scattered over the country, as welt as many in tho Arsenal at this place, will never be of any public value, unless provision is made for collecting, cleaning, arid repair- ‘ iirg them. It may be proper to to state, that under the provisions of a joint Resolution of the las.; Legislature, there have been organized during the presentyear thirteen volunteer compa ides, which have, been furnished with arms from our Arsenals. It will he seen from tae j Reports of tho Military Store Keepers, that our present supply of arms is so greatly ditnin-! ished, that Volunteer companies cannot continue to receive supplies unless provision be I made for that purpose. The framers of our Constitution were not unmindful of the important subject of education, | They considered the cultivation of tho arts anti sciences indispensable to the prosperity of! a free people, and we therefore find the most imperative language used in that instrument.; to impress the Legislature with a sense of its duty, in sustaining the cause of education The history of the Legislation of Georgia will show hatattf ntion to this • subject, has not been wanting. Our Statute books exhibit a mass of legislation and expeuditure upon the upon tfic subject of education, that has settrefy been surpassed by any of our sister States, j But upon a review of the suhjeGt, it must be admitted, that the advantages derived; by the people of Georgia, have not been commensurate with the labor and expense. The present prospects of our university afford just encouragement,.to the friends of the arts and sciences, to continue to foster and patronize that institution. The prosperity of our college is so closely identified with the character .and interest of the State, that under proper management it cannot fail to become a favorite institution with the community, ant!’ receive a liberal support from our whole people. Our Academic and Poor School Systems, are admitted lo be defective, and by no means satisfactory to the community. In view of these defects, the Legislature, at their last ses sion, adopted afesolution directing the compilation of all our academic and free school laws, now in force ; and also to authorize the Governor to appoint three suitable persons to form a system-of Academic and Free School instruction, to ho as nearly uniform ns practicable, throughout tho State, and report to the present Legislature. Toe compilation, so author ised, has been prepared and published by John A. Cuthbert, Esq. under Executive ap pointment; and is executed with the characteristic accuracy and ability of that gentleman. But I have to express my regret, that 1 have not been able to meet the expectation of the Legislature in having submitted to them, a system of Academic and Free School education,! as authorized by tho Resolution referred to. At an early day after the adjourn-j merit of tho last Legislature, my attention was directed to this subject, and a corrcs-; poiidoncc was opened with several individuals in this State, who had manifested considera-l iile interest in advancing the cause of general education. But among those, who were he- 1 lieved to possess eminent qualification stor this important undertaking, none could he in-j duced to engage in the arduous and responsible labois contemplated hv the Resolution of the Legislature. To perform this work to the satisfaction of the Legislating, and to meet/ the public expectation, in point of utility, it was believed, that qualifications of a literary 1 character, should he combined with an extensive acquaintance with the feelings, habits and 1 interests of our diversified population. The peculiar situation of this State the habits: and feelings of tho people—the sparseness of our population in many sections—the want; of fixed an I permanent school districts, by known, and well defined "boimfiarj;*—-and ra r • i r!3ua ts.SiT cOaismicrtitiCnS I—i;iUst 1 —i;iUst bj taken u*U> \iu-\v, in tTUkiuug a {.School-System. * | The Legisiatute of Georgia, at an early period of its history, with a spirit that . cun.tnendaJion, made liberal provision for the endowment of an Acad; my in in the State ; the application of which Ims been left to the Trustees of tiie *■. v' j 1 Academies; consequently, there lias been • o uniformity, cr general plan of systematic adoption of m asures, which-wore calculated to ensure success, alii.,- : | Notwithstanding the neglect of which many Trustees have been guilty,itanust b : j that great good has resulted to the community, from tiie endowment of these co I naries. The benefits hive been mostly fell in the immediate vicinity of those i>, 1 but in some instances, have- beei: diffused more or less throughout the counties. Our success in the application of the fund set apart for the education of p o , r -■ i has, like our Academic Auk”!, been beneficial in those counties where it ha- I managed and prudently applied,-while in others there is just cause lor compia,; I believed that our Academic and Poor School funds, might be beltsr applied to m iof useful education, if our present imperfect system were wholly abolished, and at jof Common School education, organized in L> u thereof. 1 have examined with 1 and ref 1 acted- irmc.i upon the System of Common School education, adopted b different States in the Union, and marked the varied success of cacir, and altb 0l „, | experiments of other States, may afford much light to direct our course, yet i ! convinced, that, to ensure success in our community, *we shall find it neccssr.y 0 j a plan, which shall he based upon tire actual condition of our own poulation 5n ; flatter o • rsclves, with the idea of success, by merely following the footsteps of** | whose habits and modes of thinking are so very different from our own. The & , \ r ew York, as well as the Now England States, which have succeeded best ii ,r j blessings of education to their w hole people, have all maiidainejl the right and : the Legislature to provide for the education of their entire population. "And'f , purpose of effecting this object, the entire property of the Slate—no matter in v possession it was found—has been made subject to taxation, for the education,, 1 thus regarding the children of the w hole community as being under the care of tin j ment. Whatever advantages may have been'derived by such legislation, and tm 1 lislunent of such principles, in other States, I feel assured that such principles aini t legislation are by no means suited to (lie feelings and habits of our people. It is believed that, no legislation upon the subject of general education, however wj.- i scheme, can be successful, which does not receive the approbation of the people an J cite inquiry, interest and zeal among the great body of the community. Let the p once turn their earnest attention to this subject, and they will very soon becomecomi of the great importance am! necessity of their individual exertions to secure the bcncl education to the rising generation. .Upon due reflection and full examination, the n will become convinced, that the proper education of the rising generation, is direetl; intimately connected with the interest, happiness and prosperity of their country a " perpetuity, of our present civil institutions, and good form of government. The neg!< i educating our children will inevitably tend to the decline and fall of our Republic, j government is based upon public opinion; and that opinion to be salutary must be tv! ; ened. Let that knowledge, which accompanies a good common school education, (i, j fused throughout our country, amt the iron sway of ignorance can never be wieidei 1 demagogues to the destruction of liberty. Without thus diffusion of knowleoge, like, Republics, our career of liberty may terminate in licentiousness, anarchy and dtspo ; Therefore if we would transmit to posterity, the sacred legacy w hich our fathers hav ! queathed to.us, we must not disregard those means upon the use of which, theporaian !of those blessings so essentially depends. VVe must bring into requisition all our rm for the diffusiouof education, and thereby give impulse to public feeling. If possibls should penetrate the bosoms of our whole population on this subject, by exhibiting!))! I the practicability and importance of each mernberof society contributing some humble j j to the great object of raising talents, merit, and genius from obscurity, to the highest n ■ of life, and in bringing the lights of education to every dwelling within the limits of on loved State. Let it he remembered that every school that is established—every chi! * may be educated—every log school house that is built—affords anew pie ‘go in far the great cause of education liberty arid-free government; & at the same time let each : vidual in the community, bear in mind, that duty to his country assigns him a part i,t g-r'-at work. j The Reports.of the-Superintendents of the public hands, herewith submitted, will cxi i die operations, paogress and success of that branch of the public service, during t*u political year Although further experience has continued to develope additional in factions in the laws providing for the improvement of our great market tuads, and nev 1 stacks to all that success which we desire, are occasionally presented to those who sup ; tend the work, vet my confidence ."that the system is a good one, and that it ought t j continued and improved;'is, by every day’s experience, more fully confirmed. Get ! has not been wanting in efforts fo faciliate the transportation of the immense profe her fruitful soil and industrious population. Large sums of public money have been | pended, from time to lime, with a view to the improvement of our navigable waters; | lor the want of skill and experience to direct its application, it must be admittc i, that people have not derived those benefits, which they had a right to expect, from them thus expended. It is believed, however that no want ot success, which may have hit! 1 attended our attempts at internal improvement, should for a moment, abate < ir z retard ouf efforts, in a determined and vigorous prosecution of such public work?, best interests of the pfcople demand. 1 would not only recommend a continu. :00. f present system of road improvement, but that it should be strengthened and improved, ccllent Hoads have already been made in many parts of the State, by the labor i",ot' that object, but every part of the State has not been made to fey I the benefit of tli sys and those parts which have derived no benefit, will from tho nature of things, become less and dissatisfied, unless they arc made to participate -in the benefits as well as tin thens of the system. One of the most formidable objections to the present system, s the roads after being *pade good are not kept in repair; and from the nature of our sol, the present plan of constructing our roads, unless repair at the proper time, and a right inode, be strictly attended to, they must necessarily soon fall into a state of dilap tion and ruin. It is the incumbent duty of tiie Legislature to provide a remedy for evil, which, if neglected,"will most assuredly destroy the whole system. Only provide kcepiug the roads in complete order, Which are once made good by tiie State hands,in less titan twenty years, Georgia will have the best roads of any State in tho Union, submitted to the Legislature, whether it should not be made the duty of the County an! ities, in which roads are constructed by the State hands, to receive such roads Irani Superintendent, and thereafter be compelled to keep them in as good order as wlici ccived. Upon all the roads constructed by the State hands, such provision slioul made by law, ns would ensure the keeping in good repair, of all necessary bridges causeways as well as tho roads. Some .arrangement should be made which will cr.su general diffusion of the benefits arising from the system, to every section of (lie Stat And to prevent the conflicting claims of different communities, from emb Trussing the rations of the superintendents, and throwing more than a jest, share of responsible itiiem, I would deem it most advisable for the Legislature to define and point out the cipal roads which shall have the preference in order of time. ! respectful.y subu.it t Legislature, whether, under all the circumsmnccs, it might not he expedient, to pi* forthe increase of laborers. The settlement oftlv? Northwestern section at the stair, loudly call for road improvement in that quarter. We may anticipate the day, i 1 Georgia will enter the list of competitors for the most splendid and magnificent wor internal improvement: when, with pride, we. may point toiler Rad Iloadi, Canal. 1 urnp.hes. But before the accomplishment of these grand objects, to wlucu it seems to have- invited the hand of art and industry, our territory must he settled, aim natural resources of our stafb developed, winch alone can give the true index todirve: i -great works. For the present, let our expenditures he chiefly confined to our great ii:' roads and let every portion of the state participate in these benefits. Let our readd reeled to our own towns, at the .head of navigation; and v\ here it. is practicable, let ° !l vers bn improved, not only from thence to the Ocean, hut as far into the interior as c oflcr.ted by reasonable expenditures, in the removal of inconsiderable obstructions. 1 B hler it an object of great, importance, that the falls of tho Chatahoochee from West Foil Columbus, should, it practicable, be surmounted by the hand of art; so that our rising J lation,on the borders of that noble River, may enjoy the "immense benefits which " flow to them through that channel of commerce. In conformity with the provisions Resolution of the last Legislature, authorizing the appointment of a competent Engine examine and report to the present Legislature upon the practicability and prohaul pense, of rendering the Chatahoochee River navigable from West Point in Troupe o to the town of Columbus, an arrangement had been made, by the selection of an indiv highly recommended lor his qualifications, by which it was expected, that the pre.an gislaturo would bo furnished with the desired information. The Correspondent.' 1 ' 1 with submitted, will shew the cause of tho disappointment. The circulating medium, or currency of our country, haying long since been cha from specie coins, having ah intrinsic value, to that of paper, purporting to be then sentativo of the precious metals, it becomes tho incumbent duty of the government, > thorizing tho issue of such paper, to guard well the interest of its citizens, itguir.- trauds mid devices, which cxpoiiencc has demonstrated,arc too often practiced by < ’ or tions, possessing Banking privileges, with power to throw into circulation an tin arid deceptive paper currency. Tho Currency of our state consists almost the notes of our own local Bank ; and therefore our people have a right to expect. fit J solvency of those instil utiof3 should be placed upon a basis, which should not stibjee community, to tho ruinous consequences, which must inevitably grow out of k- 0 failures. . The late failure of the Bank of Macon should he a sufficient warning, of the ins>.| ,|1 ‘ all such institutions. Tho Legislature, at their last session, expressed tlieir eoiii lMl ‘ the good condition and management of that institution; since which time, its tkk.' has proved to be deeply injurious to tho interest and credit of the sta* ,as well '[ interest of many of our honest and unscspecting citizens. The public interest <k"j' that an immcdiatcjind thorough-investigation of the affairs of that institution, slioa.- ’ stituted by the Legislature, and to further that object, 1 herewith submit all the n- i! tion I have receiver! on the subject. 1 lie privileges heretofore granted to Banking companies, aro not to be fiolidcJ. would mh- r 'ntingly rccotnnwn' 1 the tb*. ndotrf'on -•‘kwh nr :