Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

tru e term is not yet employed, be :_'Ugb th- j #t ollce s how the f, l.iey of the iuM 11 * J woU |d not do to say that our Cou svsonioit- ul| |y jj jeuifue; but, it is labored to jitutio° ct, (wlueh in one .-.ense it i ,j and lf ° ve 113 Tc tnat as a itsgiets a compact, every |ifiiH ar = u gun nations must ot course be a ■!** final from such an eug-igeiiieiit e-'eiy “S'*®- #o*r has a right to recede. Hut u overtig 11 [ oWlli that in this, .e se the Males are 11S anil that even iltney were, and the utSIJ,e i Coustiuii nad been f- rated by compact, ' jTwoOhl he no right m any one Slate to ex itseit t'roin ns ooligatlons f* ,us am the reus ns which forbid this 0 it is necessary oi.iy to aliude. i fceSs !pi ) ’ Uniopjwas farmed lor tne ue.mfi .fa . produced by mutual sacrifices oi i t . -r:* ! ■ !jS . ('art th -se sacrifices be rec ilbrl? Can l 0 P l 1 ff who magnanimously surreu iernj their ■ /'Tile Territories of the West, recdl he ' 6 i \\|]l die inliahitaiits of the inland States * r I to | ,a J l l‘ e < l u, l*' s that may le imposed l " rfe tii.eir assent by those on the Atlantic of "hjl'lDf their own be'iefr ? Shall there bn a " fft'iu one State. and onerous duties inan \o one believes that any right exists in • isSta'e t" involve all the others in these tcouniless other evils, contrary to the engage if solemnly made. Every one must see that 'e other Stales, in self-defeace, must oppose at H btz >rds. Tinse are the alternatives iliatare presented hv Convention l A repeil of all the acts for rais ,/ revenue, leaving ibe Government without the kut, of support; or an aequiesanee in ihedis lution (four Union by the secession of on* of , mi-inbers VV'hen the first was proposed, it -asknown that it con'd not be listened to for a , mit. It iv s kno vn if foiee was applied to uinsetlie execution of the laws, that it must be i-elled by Criv —that Id tngross could not, with ii involving' itsp.f in disgrace and the country ruin, accede to the proposition ; and yet, if this hot done in a-given day or f any attempt Is klp to execute the laws, the State is, by the nlinance.declared to be out of the Union. The i) irity ofa Convention assembled for the per use have dictated these terms, or rather this re gion of all terms, in die name of the people of juth Carolina. It is true that the Go venter of eState speaks of the submission of their griev ices to a Convention ofall the States, which, he ys, they “sincerely and anxiously iee,k and de- : e.” Yet this obvious and constitutional mode obtaining the same of the other States on the institution of the /edt ..ll compact, and amend g it, if necessary, has never been attempted by ciseu'/io have urged the. Slate on to this dis- ictive measure. The State might have propo 4. the call fur a General Convention to tlieoth- Slates; and Congress, it a sufficient number of menirurred, must have called it. Out the ■st Mac-Tate of South Carolina, when he ex essed a hope that, ‘-on a review by Congress id the fuacdo iark-s of tlie General Government the meri.s of the controversy.” such a Conven m trill be iccorded to them, must have know at neither Congress nor any functionary of th eneral foverrunent has authority to call such . onveuti m, unless it be demanded by two thirds 'the Sta.as. This suggestion, then, is anotho stance 0 the feckless inattention to the provis. ns of the Constitution with which this erisi ts been nvlly hurried on; or of the attempt t a ade the people that, a coustittiti eial re.im ly jineeti so ght and refused. If the Legist - e f 0 ill Carolina ‘-anxiously desire’ a Ten. I iivt lit on to consul*. their co up..tint ■ hav; they o’ m ide appiica'im f r it n th aih Coustit tion points out l The as e ti-n atiiey •* e irne-tly seek” it is comple.ely ne ire] by theonissia. flits, then, is tlie position in whicli we stand siiiiil majority of the citizens of one State i el nioii have elected delegates to a State Con Minil has ordained that ail the revenue I iws 01 eluited States must be repealed, or th it the ew longer a member bf the Uni n. The Gov wrof that State has recommended to the Legi urethe raising of an arm,' to carry th- sere *l into effect, and thathe mty heempovvg. re j , ,s clearances to vessels in the ne r ,e ofln N- act of violent oppos- t i oll tg t j, H | ;l w lyi'tlieeiicommitted, inn such a s;ate ofthi(l , bury apprehended, and it is the intent of tl i Ktimeiu to proclaim tint only that the duly im sc on,an by 'lie Constitution “to take can tithe laws ho faithfully executed.” shall b. r nnej to the extent of the powers a I read \ sW J" me v hi tv, or of such others as the wt iii"fC"gr. ss 3 toll dev sc and entrust to - hfthn purpose ; out to warn the •itizons So " t ‘ l irolui 1, who have been deluded in a'l <>ppasitm,i to tile laws, of tii dmg 1 l y ivdl iacur l, v oh iliCiioe to tin- ill.m il -lis.irgi iizi t g Or lin nice „f the Cos n o - ">~ lO “* 'on r I,is • w 1 . I,v ; refused t V ur t it mi is v r • 1,1 t 1 :r i 1 rni iat:o . "dbl I til ■ Ci, -ntu'ti 1 . las oft j* llr ‘ 1 l id to nr 1! (l it 111 all , | ■ j) ri (t tuition Into IVilie,l the good ;i Ojll of til I,e il,v: I- ,— l.l . hr. th- mors v <ro arged to ,m, s him of ruin m dr ee to every Si .it;.- vms • righ's 1-v u 1 1" su ijiort. edo-v-sUizoai o'.n- .n.K.3 State! j m.not only ad.nuis!i yo as the lirs ■° s lat i° o ojr co a non c ) ntry, njt ■ c , u tlc penalty o i„s la .vs, bat use I,! 1 ' iJaCtJ that a father .vaalJ over his ru , l wlO n • 1 “ i.v rasliiaj to certain ‘ , paternal laii Ma-ge, with 2^ rnal f , eelin - r * let me tell vou. my ln ;‘ n I 1 ’ l^;lt y° J are deluded bv men s i.’ c ‘' u^ Jr deceived themselves* or ri " eive voa. Mark un ler wha if 8 y? J^ave been led on to the brin a ii 1 n'. tlon ajl 1 treason, on which vou i ' , rsta diminution of the value o fti, ' l P e yonino lity, lowered bv over 3 .Z. n ?“°d ,er quarters, and the coa ■ 'natation in the value of our v s ’ were the sole effect of the Tariff lag'll . . of those laws are con ,,y ■ ln Junous, but the evil was great• , lj /the unm.tailed theory pnsi® ! a . d S‘ u to believe, that its bur ttovn^ 0 11 P ro P Jr f* oa to vo ir exports, is, - v ur consumption of imported arti nion ,'| JUr P r } du Wds r °nsed by the as iS;i Wat a submission to those laws tt=et l !tk le ° f vassala £ c and that resis to tL le ‘ n Was ef l Ja h in patriotic mer- ionnr °PP os, ti°a our Fathers offered to Z P ITn l 't w * °f reat Britain.- PeaoP'.i i tbat opposition might d e t L y niight be constitutionally ol m OO ht c “j°y all die ad- Umon and bear none of El trS L^ t i "PPeals to your passions, to Wn*.^ nd r’ l °y° ur native courage, used to you for the period when the mask wliich concealed the hideous features ofl disunion should be taken off. It fell, and! you were made to look with complacency on objects which, not long since, you; would nave regarded with horror. Look bacK at the ans which have brought vou to this state—lookforward to the conse quences to which it must inevitably lead ! L.00.t back to what was lirst told you as an inducement to enter into this danger ous coarse. The great political truth was repeated to you, that you had the re volutionary right of resisting all laws that werore palpably unconstitutional and in toleraoly oppressive—it was added that the right to nullify a law rested on the same principle, bat that it was a pencefu’ remedy’ This character which was given to it, made you receive, with too much confidence, die assertions that were made of the uncoastitutionality of the law, and itrs oppressive etiects. Mark, my fellow citizens, that, by the admission of your leaders, the unconstitutionality must be pvlpable, or it will not justify either re sistance or nullification! What is the meaning of the word palpable, m the sense in which it is here used ?—that which is apparent to every one; that which no man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is the unconstitutional ity of these tiat description ? Set those among your leaders who once approved and advocated the principle of protective, duties, a 'swer the question; a id let them choose whether they will be considered as incapable, then, of perceiv ing that which must have been apparent to every man of common understanding. or as imposing upon your confidence, and endeavoring to mislead you now. In ei ther case, they are unsafe guides in the perilous path they urge you to tread.— Ponder well on this circumstance, and you will know how to appreciate the ex aggerated language they address to you. They are not champions of liberty, emu lating ih; fame of our Revolutionary Fa thers ; nor are you an oppressed People contending, as they repeat to you, against i worse than colonial vassalage. You arc free members ofa flourishing and happy Union. There is no settled design to op press you. You have indeed felt the un equal operation of laws which mav have oeen unwisely, not unconstitutionally passed; but that inequality must necessa rily be removed. At the verv moment when you were madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have begun, a ihange in public opinion had commenced. 1 he nearly approaching payment of the i.iblic debt, and the consequent necessity >t a diminution of duties, had already pro-; iuced a considerable reduction, and that j oo on some articles of general consump tion in your State. The importance of his change was undertood, and you were mthoritatively told, that no further allevi ation ot your burthens was to be expected, it the very time when the condition of the country imperiously demanded s eh a nodificatioPi of tile duties as should reduce .hem to a just and equitable scale. But, is if apprehensive of the effect of this change in allaying your discontents, you vere precipitated into the fearful state in vhich you now find yourselves. 1 have urged you to look back to the means that were used to hurry you on to the position you have now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will produce. Something more is necessary. Contemplate the condition of that country ol which you still form an important part! Consider its government, uniting in one bond ol common interest and general pro tection so many different States, giving to all their inhabitants the proud title of A luaie-AN Citizens, protecting their com merce, securing their literature and their arts, facilitating their intercommunication, Jelending their frontiers, and making their name respected in the remotest parts o tiie earth ! Consider the extent of its ter ritory. its increasing and happy popula tion, its advance in arts, which render life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate me mind ! See education spreading the lights o‘ religion, humanity, and general in tbnnatio.i into every cottage in this wide extent of our territories and States! Be hold it as the asylum where the wretched an l the oppressed lind a refuge and sup port! Cook on this p.cture of happiness and honor, anl say—we, too, ahe citi zens of A ie.uca : Carolina is one o these proud States: her arms have defend oJ, tier best blood has cemented this hap py Union! And then add, if you can. .v.thout horror and remorse, this happ' Union we will dissolve—this picture o peace and prosperity we will deface—this free intercourse we will interrupt—these fertile Helds we will deluge with blood— the protection of that glorious Hag we re -11 >unec—the very names of Americans we discard. And for what, mistaken men!—for what do you throw away these inestima ble blessings—for what would you ex change vour share in the advantages and honor of the Union ! For the dream of a separate independence—a dream inter rupted by bloody conflicts with your neigh bors, and a vile dependence on a foreign power. If vour leaders could succeed in establishing a separation, what would be your situation ? Are you united at home —are you free from (he apprehension o ! civil discord, with all its fearful consequen ces? Do our neighboring republics, eve ry day suffering some new revolution, or contending with some new insurrection— do they excite your envy ? But the dic tates of a high duty oblige me solemnly to announce that you cannot succeed. THE MAC©Hi ADVERTISER. lhe laws of the Lnited States must I be executed. 1 have no discretionary po .ver on the suliect —my duty is empha tically pronounced in the Constitution.— i hose who told you that you might jiea ceably prevent their execution, deceived you—they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execu tion ot the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repealed. Their ob ject is disunion; but be not deceived b\ names; disunion by armed force, is thea sox. Are you really ready to incur it: guilt? If you are, on the* heads of the instigators ot the act be the dreadful con sequences—on their heads he the dishon or, buton vours may fall the punisl meat on your unhappy State will m<.v.taL e fill all the evils ot the c inflict' o , iorce upon th> Government of your country. It cannot accede to the mad project of disunion ot which you would be the lirst victims—its lirst magistrate cannot, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty—the const - quence must be fearful for you, distress'll to your fellow citizens here, and to tin friends of good government throughot.’ the world. Its enemies have beheld ou prosperity with a vexation they could no conceal—it was a standing refutation o their slavish doctrines, and they will poin to our discord with the triumph of malig nant joy. It is yet in your power to dis appoint tin m. There is yet ti eto show that the descendants of the linckneys, tin Sumpters, the Rutledges; and of the tho. sand other names which adorn the pages of your revolutionary history will not a bandon that union to support which, soma ny of them fought, and bled, and died, i ad'ure you as you honor their memory — as yoU love the cause of freedom, to vviiicl they dedicated their lives—as you prize, die peace ot 'our country, tne iives of n best citizens, an.. 1 vour own fair fain. , to i trace your steps, fe.udc.fi from the nrt-liiviso your State the c, hct of its Coi volition —hid its memhers to re •assemble an. promulgate the ih cul. <1 expo s ; ' O, s °f } l " will to remain in the path which alo.'ie c i. oiuluct you to safety, prosperity, anti houo — tell them that compared to disunion, a. other evils are light, because that brings wit it an accumulation of all—declare that yoi will never take the fh fit unit ss the star spat, gled bantu r of your country shall float ovi i you—that pm will not lie .suuni, iz. i! win i lead, arid dishonored and •‘'corned while \oi live, as the authors of the first attack on th* Constitution of your country ! —lts destroyer? you cannot lie. You may disturb its |>< ace— -on may interrupt the course ofpts prosperity —vou may cloud its rr potation for stability— ‘nit its tranquility will be restored, its prospe rity will return, and the stain upon its nation al character will lie transft rred, and reman in eternal blot on the m niory of those win caused the disordi r. Fellow-citizens of tin- United Stat-s! Th threat of unhallowed disunion—the names o those, once respccli and, by whom it is utteri i —the array of military force to support it— denote the approach ofa crisis in our nfl'airs o i which the continuance of our unexatiiplrc iriisin rity, our political i x slence, and pi r liaps that ofall tre# gov> rum nts may depend. The conjuction demanded a Ire. , a full, am xphcit enunciation, not only of my inten tions but of my principles of action; and as lie cla m was asserted ofa right by a Stat* o annul the lawsof the Union and even to -a cede from it at pleasure, a frank * xpositioi of my opinions in relation to the origin am .'orui of our government, and til ■ consiructio. i give to the instrument by hicli it was crea ted, seemed to be pro .-or. Having the fuilt s confiif ncc in the justness of the legal am constitution I opinion of my duties wnioh as been expressed, I rely with equal conli fence on your undivided support in my de termination to execute the laws—to presene the Union hv all constitutional means—to rrrst, if possible, by moderate but firm metis ures, the neces-ity of u r-course ; and, if i he the will of Heaven that the recurrence o its pri aeval curse on man for the shedding o a brother’s blood should fall upon our land that it be not called down l>v any otfeiisivi aet i on the part of the United States. Fellow-citiz ns! The mnrncnioiisca.se is before you. O.i your undiviJ and support ofj vour government depends the decision of the I >reat question it involves wh (her vour sa-) r red Union wiM be preserved, and th -Id ssiu j it secures to us as one PeopU shall be per j petuated. No ole cm doubt tii .t the un uii-J mitv with which that decisio 1 will !>,- ex - oressid, will he s-e-li as to inspire new con fidence in republican institutions, a-ul that the prudence, the wis lo.n, and the oming which it will Briny to the r defence, wih t'-ius. it them unimpaired and i vigoratnl to our! children. Mav the trreat Ruler of Nations yra-it th.-i: the si rial blessings with which he has f ivor: <! ours, no*, bv th - -n el ess of-nrtv o- p -r-ou. ! j luihilio-i. b“disr ir 1 r ?<-l ad I >-t: ail! uuv His wise Providence bri-ig th.so who hav nrodneed tins crisis, to see th* follv, befor they fe I the inis- ry of civil strif : and in <n re a re urning veneration frr tlr t Unio . which, if we may tlarc to penitrate (Jis de signs, he has chosen as the onlv means of a'taining the high destinies to which we mav reasonably asp-r . 111 tesli-oouy wh r of, have -aused th Seal of the United States to We hereunto affixed, having signed the same with my hand. Done at the Citv of Washington, this 10th day of December, in the year of on.- Lord, one thousand eight hurt I red and tlertv two, and of the Indepenence of the Uni ted Slates the fiftsever th. ANDREW JACKSON. By the President: Edw. Livingston, Secretary of State. Tlio TJacou ICauk Report will be reviewed iu our uext uutuber. , MACON. DECEMBER 20, Dil. NORTH. CAROLINA. I ne following is ti.e inaugural Message of ■ overnor Swain, to the Legislature ol North Carolina, his an unsophisticated document lull ot good sense—and marked with that litnd ol spirit and forbearance, which we s.iould always like to see exemplified in the liaiacter ol an American Governot. We Aould recommend this multum i nparvo State i’ap- r, to the consideration of the “ hig talk ■ ng” and “long talking” authors of Exucu ive Messages: Gentlemen of the Seriate, and of the House of Commons: In entering upon the duties of the im portant olhee to which you have been pleased to call me, 1 trust I am duly sens ible oLhe nig i responsibility which I have assumed. Ihe present is an eventful pe t od. Abroad, the oldest and best estab ished governments are in commotion, and it home, our own institutions designed, uid, as our fathers believed, calculated to nsuie the greatest attainable degree of ‘hefty and happiness, seem not be exempt 1,01,1 the mutability incident to all human hings. At such a crisis, the office of Chief Magistrate acquires an importance in creasing with the difficulties which sur round us. I Lei most sensibly that in me you will not find united the rare qualities required by the temper and spirit of the times. lam sustained in somedegree, how ever, by the consciousness, that though dieie are many who could bring to your aid more ability than I possess, that noone could serve you with more fidelity and zeal. The dangers which threaten us may be iracce to that system of legislation which assumes the, power in government to dis pense the bounties of Providence with a more equal andjimpartfel hands than they are distributed by the laws of nature. 1 ook (or redress to the patriotism, the wis dom, the prudence and the forbearance of the I resident, ot Congress, and the Ameri can people. I rely with humble confidence in the hope, that that Providence, which has guided and guarded us tor morethan ■;fty years, which has preserved us through the perils of two wars with the greatest belige. r ent of Lurope, will yet sustain us, and that our glorious stripes and stars will continue forages undin. hashed and untar nished; the crnbleifis of a free, a united, and a happy people. I am no partizan—perilaps I am incapa ble of becoming one. It is not in my na ture to idolize to-day, and anathematize to-morrow, as each particular wind of to-morrow, as each particular wind of doctrine may happen to prevail. *1 may be able in my administration of tlm gov ernmnenl to give entire satisfaction "to no party. I may displease all. Be that as it may, I will endeavor faithfully io discharge my duty to the State, and to the Union, and leave the consequences to my country and to God. Of my friends, vvho know that as I diu not seek this station, so nei ther did I feel myself at liberty to decline it. I ask a liberal indulgence for my errors and my frailties. The magnanimity of all will insure me a fair trial. Gentlemen, it remains only that, in the feeble expression which language can give to feeling, I return my thanks lor the hon or you have conferred upon me. In my estimation there is no more envi able distinction than to be called at such a crisis to preside over the destinies of the truly honest and republican State of North Carolina; and permit me to assure, you, that whatever may be the result of your favor to me personally, whether for good or for ill, I never can forget the State that gave me birth, or cease to cherish the most grateful recollections of a community from whom I have received only unvarying confidence and kindness. The h<;g slature is drawing to a close, Without any important consummation; the manner in which they are closing their deli berations, are so reprehensible, in our view— -hi destitute of a proper regard to the public inti rests—so devoid of the character of res ponsible Legislators, that we pronounce a eai.ist them a dereliction of their duty—a duty which they are sworn to support. We nope they can render a better account for liemst Ivi s, than we can for them. The Le nslature of Georgia for the Session of 183*2 is most lam-dv deficient; and, as Alaj. Vood •mvs, we are prepared for the remark, in or ont of doors. FROM THE CH RLEBTON MERCURY. . CHARLESTON: THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 11, 1832. If the stricture* in our columns to-day, on the proceedinirs of the majority of the Georgia Leg islature be deemed harsh, they eannot be consid ered uiiinerriied. I>y any one who either respects consistency, or is proud of being a Southern man. It is the. dict ite neither of policy nor of self re spect to withhold the expression of the disgust tnd indignation which those proceedings have excited- and slmuld the people of thifj State re m tin silent under this volunteer indignity, nor let fall one syllable of honest contempt, their for bearance would deserve to be misconstrued into Weakness or insensibility. A large, we believe the larger, portion of the people of Georgia, are co-labourers with this State in the great cause of truth: but there are politicians amongst them, who have either grossly mistakon or wilfully misconceived the hearing of S. Carolina towards Georgia. VVilh a low minded propensity to sus picion they have expressed distrust of our aopro bation of the conduct of that State, ir. her colli sion with federal usurpation—and have altribu ted our pr iises to interested and unworthy mo i tives. We cheered them in their resistance, re ljiced in their success, and congratulated our | selves that they were contributing to the estab lishment of truth and liberty: they have recipro cated by churlish sueers, accused us of courting j them because we need their help to fight ourhat tli, and have thus repelled the fri ndly sympa tbv <fa generous pe. pe, with charges of flattery and fawning. If their abuse poured out without temperance and moderation upon our worthiest Statesmen, has been received in mildness or si lence, from a desire to unite the South in the struggle for Southern rights; if a disposition was evinced on our part to bury past jealousies and heart burnings, it was not received in a spirit of generosity, but with insolence that seemed to in crease with the appearance of a wish to concil iate, and as if that which we proffered in courtesy had been yielded from necessity. They have done all in their power to prejudice the South, by separating Georgia from Carolina—by chilling and repressing the movements ofa natural symp athy, at the very time when the simultaneous re sistance of tlie two Slates, would have had the happiest influence on the interests and liberties of both. These men would not appreciate the forbear ance, which might refrain from depicting their inconsistencies in tne colors of motley truth; anil patience under their insults would forfeit us the the esteem of those higtiminded Georgians, against whom, as well as against South Caroli na their hostility is directed. It becomes the people of this State then, to tell the people of Georgia what we think of the conduct of their Legislature; to speak to them plainly, and insin cerity and truth, that they may understand us. and know how we feel at this desertion of tie cause of free trade and constitutional liberty —at the vefy crisis of tne destinies of the South. they have manfully resisted the very power that we are now resisting. Their attitude to wards it is at this very moment one of defiance. Does it. become them to league with that poVvei against us? Did we aid it against them ? Hut we put in no claim to gratitude. We appeal to reason, to justice. Letthem compare the usurpa tion which Georgia resisted on the threshliold, with that which after years of suffering, of re monstrance and warning, we have resolved to locate no longer. In her case, the general gov ernment did stretch its powers, it was in favor of the poor Indian, not of the rich papitaltst. It was an interposition in behalf of weakness, and if the conduct of the federal authorities was dictated b) a mistaken sense of justice, the violation of rigln was at least disinterested, and was even graceo by the plan of a generous humanity. This to the tyranny which we have nollified, was ‘‘Hyperion to a (Satyr.” Here no solitary ennobling motive can be imagined, but insolent avarice obtrudes its sordid front in unmasked baseness, and exer cises the privilege to plunder under the form of law. And shall Georgia, that struck down forth witn the federal arm, when extended toshield the feeble—shall she preach to us ' f “peace” contin ual harnionii s,” and quarrel with the numes and f mn * of our resistance, now that we have bnrsi the grasp ot tyrannous cupidity, and broken the beak, and crushed the talons of the vulture that was covering and devouring us? Does it become Georgians to kneel before the footstool of usurpa tion, and thank heaven for the gift o' a meek and general spirit:—to kneel upon the very fragments of the federal sceptre themselves have broken, and in the true spirit of the Pharisee, boast that they are loyal and quiet persons, not as other men, even as these nullifying Carolinians? Why the thingis intensely, pitifully ridiculous! Geor gia reading homilies of submission; exclaiming against Carolina’s resistance as unconstitutional —signifying her abliorance of it as violent? Why is the blood of Tassels upon her tight loyal face; the process of the Supreme Court is under her foot; the groans of the imprisoned Missiona ries are in her ears—and the key of the Peniten tiary is at her girdle;-the paper bullets exchang ed between Gov. Troup and Gen. Gaines and President Adams, are scattered thickly around her; —Gov. Gilmer’s Message are smoking in the background from spontaneous combustion: while at her right hand stands the “measurably obsolete” Gov. Lumpkin —chanting a nasal ditty of “constitutional harmony,” and heating time with his gaunlleted lirst the face of Mr. Chester who is clamouring fora hearing of the cause of his lfeverend clients!—W hy it is Gloul * .ter at his devi.tions; it is Saul among the Prophets; ii i is the Devi] chiding sin—and her treatment ti. | the Federal Government is like that of the Italian sailor to his saint in a storm, now praying to him and vowing him a was candle—and now, at an old lurch of the ship, cursing him for a cheat am. a villain. It is impossible that Georgia can longcontiiiue blind to her true position.—'l he rest of the Union can see no difference when she makes a distinc tion—and they laugh when she abuses Nullifica tion, yet glories in having nullified—when she declaims against the belligerent tendencies of Carolina’s resistance, while she is herself brand ishing thabayonet against the Supreme Court and | its Marsnall. The people of the North toaman pronounce her Nullification and ours identical. The Clay party will insist that they shall be tried by the same rules;—and even the Van Duran Party can keep up the farce no longer' —of calling the same thing by different names. And if the administration, after its countenance < to Georgia, dare throw its weight into the scale i against us—it will stamp itself with profligacy— and cover itself with ridicule and disgrace. Lcgialatiire off Georgia. SENATE. Saturday, Dec. 15. PENITENTIARY. The following preamble and resolutions were agreed to, as reported by Mr. Nesbit: “The State of Georgia in 1816 organized a Penitentiary, abandoning the unequal and sanguinary cotie of penal laws before that! time of force in Georgia. This system, of penitentiary discipline and punishment was at first, imperfect; and was looked upon rath er as an experiment which would've likely to eventuate favourably, than the, settled result of experience. Prison disc'.nline was then but imperfectly understood, and the new principle was ushered into being under all the disadvantageous circumstances which usually attend upon fundamental changes in the administration of either the fctvil or crirn inal justice of acoimtry. The penal laws of Georgia were revised, and according to the lights which were then attainable, adapted to the principles of penitentiary discipline & punishments. That Code was, of necessity, extremciy defective, and continues to this day in,perfect in its definitions, and unequal in it j punishments. It seems to have been ex pected that the Penitentiary should, at once, fully respond to the hopes of its friehds—that, under its benign influence crimes should de crease in number and enorrtnty—reformation should speedily work its curing effect upon the guilty, anti that a handsome revenue should directly flow in upon the State, from fhc operation of the system. These expec tations as mUst have been foreseen, proved hut dreams and delusions. And so proved, not from any defect in the principles upon which the system was based, bat from its im perfect government, and an utter apathy on the part of the State to its interests. The Pcnitentiury reared upon a theory un tried in this State, was left to work its way to wards perfection, not only without legislative <*.nl, but in tire face of the most decided op position. It was not surprising therefore, that it became unpopular; and by act of the General Assembly, passed in 1831, the ays tem was abolished,- and the State found itself under theo|>eratioir of a cotie of laws, unsuit ed to the habits of its people, far behind tho intelligence of the day, ami uncongenial with the free institutions of the country. The change thus effected was too palpable not to be felt, and accordingly the system has been revived. The restoration of the Penitentiary, with its inadequate buildings,- its weakened resources, its defective organization, and its ill adaption to the Code, whose penalties it is designed to execute, will bring back upon the State 8 system utterly inadequate to the objects of its institution. No one will there fore deny, the system being restored, the ab solute necessity of establishing it upon a broad and durable base, of correcting in it the er rors and insufficiencies which experience has developed, and of revising the penal code, at least so far as relates to the punishmenta which it prescribes. To do all this, the most eminent talents—the most patient investiga tion, and the amplest leisure, are requisite. I her? is no subject of legislation more diffi cult than the re-organization of the Peniten tiary, But few understand the principles of prison discipline, in such perfection, as to le gislate wi-ely in reference to them. Few are acquainted tvith the models which our own country affords, or with the imperfections of our own system. With the time and oppor tunities for labor and research, anv commit tee of the Legislature could claim for itself, little,-vety little, could be accomplished. It vvm.ld seem wise, therefore, to call to the aid the General Assembly, the talents of some ot the States eminent men, of whom it has net a few, Iherefore ,- Resolved, hj the State OfGeor gta, in General Assembly met, That his Ex ceilencjr the Governor, be, and he is hereby .m.liorizei. and required, so soon as practica ble, to appoint three fit and qualified indi vid mils, who, when appointed, a fe hereby an t onzed and required to prepare a plan for the building of the Penitentiary— digest a system oi laws lor its government and organization— an:i to revise and amend the penal laws of ffi.s State so far as relates to the punishments which that Code prescribes; and report the whole to the next General Assembly, for its approval or rejection. RESOLUTION, The Governor approved and signed a Res o ution authorizing him to pay over the Aca'- ’ my and Poor School funds heretofore Ar nur tional to the counties of Baker and Gfyim. BILL PASSED. Irt protect the Cherokee Indians in the peaceable and quiet possession Of the lauds secured to them by the existing laws of the Mate, and also to secure their persons and property from illegal violations. ~ , , Tuesday, Deff. 18. Mr. kmgleton laid upon the fohfe h 1 reamble and Resolution, relative to a dissemination of the recent Proclamation of the I resident of the V. States, which were read and made the order for to mor-- " 1 w. BILLS PASSED. To relieve Byrd Ferrell, dec. an 4 his securities. Jo make notorial acts . and Certificates' evidence jn certain cases touching inland bills of Exchange. To form anew Brigade ont of the conn-- ties of Coweta, Campbell and Carroll. To authorize the Governor and Secre tary of State to correct errors that may have taken plaee, or may hereafter take place, in issuing any grant or grants in of the land lotteries of this-State. To authorize the President and Direct ors of the Central Bank of Georgia to ap point an additional officer b said Bank, to be known as Teller. To amend the several acts passed to 1 prevent obstructions to the free passage offish in the Oakmulgee river. To authorize the Lottery Commission-- ers to examine and place any lots not drawn, into the lottery wheels. Io appoint additional commission*#* for Broad and Savannah Rivers. I o add a part of the county of Coweta the county of Heard. To organize a Mayor’s Cot/rt in the town of Columbus. lolay out and form t new Division of Georgia Militia, to be Composed of the eoUr.- Ues of Walton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, Cass, Cherokee, Paulding, Floyd and Mur ray—to create anew Brigade in the fth Di vision to attach the county of Newton to the Ist brigade of the sth Division, and the coun ty of Early to the 2d Brigade 01 the 10th Di vision Georgia Militia. bills rejected. To provide fot the call of a Convention to reduce the number of the inempen of the General Assembly. To define more positively, the duties and regulate the pay of the Adjutant General, and to repeal all laws making it the duty of Divis ion and Brigade Inspectors to attend the drills, reviews, and inspections of the militia. To legalize and make valid all sales of land, heretofore made by Tax Collectors of this State, without grants to said land being issued. To repeal the Ist and 2d section of an act of Dec. 1831, in relaiion to Pedlcrs. To revive and continue in force in this State, cetlain English Statutes Upon the sub ject of iorcible entry and detainer. To incorporate the Bedford Manufactur ing Company. To prohibit arty of the chartered banks in this State front establishing an agency, or agencies for discounting or exchanging of pa per, dec. Tb give to Inferior courts the power to grant orders of incorporation to Academies At Churches. (CM MiTTEE OF CONFERENCE. On motion, by Mr. Hudson, Messrs. Sin gleton and Ncsbit, were added to the Com mittee if Conference in relation to the disa greement by the two Houses to the bill mak ing disposition of the fractional parts ofu>- y*ys in the Chorokec country.