Newspaper Page Text
4B
JULY 15, 1999
Doctors declare trampolines unsafe
Trampolines are unsafe in any
setting— theback yard, the school
yard or a gymnastics center-ac
cording to a national review of
related injuries by doctors at the
'giedical College of Georgia
i ’s Medical Center.
%et?hderlying theme is that
there is no safe way to uses tram
polines,” said Dr. Peter G. Brown,
neurosurgery resident at MCG.
Dr. Brown worked with Dr. Mark
Lee, chief of pediatric neurosur
gery atthe MCG Children’s Medi
cal Center on the review which he
presented at the recent Georgia
Neurological Society meeting. His
interest in the topic peaked when,
in the span of a year, he helped
treat three children who received
cervical spinefractures while play
ing on trampolines. _
Spinal cord injuries are the most
serious injuries associated with
trampolines, but other risks in
clude a variety of broken bones,
sprained ankles and wrists, cuts
and bruises. Cervical spine inju
ries or neck fractures typically
occur when attempting a back or
forward flip. “In an attempt at a
forward flip, children will tuck
and roll and they don’t quite make
it all the way over,” Dr. Brown
said. Concernedly, children may
hyper-extend the neck attempt
ing a back flip.
One 6 year old treated at the
MCG Children’s Medical Center
was playing on a trampoline at a
friend’s house, attempted a back
flip and landed on his forehead,
hyper-extending his neck. The
child did not have a permanent
disability but had to remain in a
SKIN DEEP
Do bleaching
creams harm or
help?
By Rebecca J. Al-Nakhli
Special to the NNPA
I certainly enjoy your column
on Black skin care and I have
really learned a lot about my own
skin. My question concerns dark
spots on my face. How can I have
even colored skin? Are bleaching
creams good, or do they even work
atall? :
Rachael
Northern Pennsylvania
Dear Rachael:
Educating African Americans
about their special skin care needs
is necessary to protect its deli
cacy.
Hyper-pigmentation or darken
ing of the skin is common in most
disorders of Black skin. The con
dition is a result of disease or
trauma that causes a disruption
in the line between the epidermis
and dermis.
Hyper pigmentation is more
responsive to treatment if the
darkeningislocated in the epider
mis. It should be evaluated by a
physician because some conditions
can be caused by internal dis
eases. This consultation should
be done before self treatment us
ingbleaching creams. I havestated
before in other articles, that one
of the major differences between
African American and Caucasian
skin is the differencein theirlevel
of sensitivity. Black sin is very
sensitive to chemicals and
trauma. Each ofthese can causea
darkening to the effected skin
area. Most of the products on the
market today to dot address eth
nic women’s skin and are too
strong.
Hydroquinon is the main ingre
dient in skin bleaching against
and the only one approved by the
FDA for removing skin discolora
tion. The concentration of over
the counter hydroquinon prepa
rations is limited to two percent
by FDA to avoid skin irritation.
But always read the instructions.
Do not use more than the recom
mended dose and at the first sight
of irritation discontinue use. A
prescription skin lightener has a
higher concentration and should
be monitored by a physician be
cause there is more potential for
skinirritation and absorption into
the blood stream causing internal
problems.
Hydroquinone has been banned
in Africa because it was used in
unauthorized mega doses. Higher
.oncentrations are not necessar
ily more effective or consistent in
lightening the skin. If you use
bleaching creams always apply a
sun block to the area being treated
to help protect it against the rays
ofthe sun. Use it even on a cloudy
day. .
AUGUSTA FOCUS
halo device to hold his head se
cure for several months.
Ninety-six percent of the inju
ries reviewed by Dr. Brown oc
curred in a back yard setting. The
research showed that injuries in
other settings, despite training
and safety precautions such as
spotters and padding. Forexample,
a large study in children under
age 16 at the Children’s Hospital
of Columbus, Ohio, showed that
73.3 percent of the time adults
were supervising when children
under age 6 were injured; adults
were present more than half the
time when injuries occurred in
children of all ages. A spotter to
present 30.8 percent of the time
and 18.6 percent of the children
had some formal trampoline train
ing, typically at agymnastics class.
“Clearly trampolines are dan
gerous and precautions, such as
spotters, safety instruction, warn
ing labels and even previous inju
ries cannot make trampolines
safe,” Dr. Brown writes in an ar
ticlehe has submitted to the Jour
nal of Pediatric Neurosurgery.
“Based on the observed data, there
is no safe way to use a trampo
line.”
Many injuries, such as neck frac
tures, occur in the middle of the
mat when children just land in
correctly. “Spotters don’t help be
cause they stand around the pe
riphery ofthe mat and cannot stop
an injury from occurring in the
center of the mat,” Dr. Brown
said. “Padding is ineffective for
the same reason.
“Think about it,” he said. “You
have a 5 yearold child and you are
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hurling him 10 feet in the air.”
Improper maintenance can make
bad matters worse; backyard tram
polines often exposed te the ele
ments so the bouncy material be
gins to deteriorate and the frame
and springs begin to rust. The
corners of rectangular trampo
lines are an additional safety con
cern.
The trampolines origins date
back to Eskimos stitching animal
skins together, then standingina
circle and pulling the skin taut,
Dr. Brown said. A younggirl would
climb atop and bounce high to
search for seals in the distance.
The modern trampoline was in
vented by a circus acrobatin 1936.
By the 19705, more than 12,000
trampolines were in use in the
United States and Europe. That
was about the time doctors began
reviewing related injuries and fed
eral guidelines for trampoline
safety were established. In 1977,
the American Academy of Pediat
rics’ Committee on Accident and
Poison Prevention recommended
that trampolines be banned from
physical education programs and
competitive sports. Sales took a
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dramatic dip and two years later
the country’s largest manufacturer
of trampolines stopped selling
them. However the academy re
vised its recommendationin 1981,
allowing for a “trial period of lim
ited and controlled use by
5ch0015...,” but reiterating that
they should never be used in the
home or recreational settings.
Since that time, trampoline
sales haveincreased dramatically
and so have associated injuries,
Dr. Brown said, noting that the
number of children treated in
emergency rooms for trampoline
injuries increased from 14,000 in
1987 to 82,000 in 1998.
Al
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