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Library of Congress exhibition marking 50th anniversary
of Brown v. Board of education opens May 13
The Library of Congress
will open an exhibition
titled “With an Even Hand:
Brown v. Board at Fifty” on
May 13, in the South
Gallery of the Thomas Jef
ferson Building’s Great
Hall, 10 S St S.E;,
Washington, D.C. On view
through November 13, the
exhibition is free and open
to the public from 10 a.m.
to 5:30 p.m., Monday-Sat
urday.
Handed down on May
17, 1954, the Supreme
Court’s decision in Brown v.
Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas, that “sepa
rate educational facilities are
inherently unequal” was
pivotal to the struggle for
racial desegregation in the
United States. The exhibi
tion, featuring more than
100 items from the Library’s
collection of books, photo
graphs, political cartoons,
manuscripts, maps, music
and films, will examine the
Supreme Court’s decision
and related precedent-set
ting court cases, public
response and the aftermath
of this profound milestone.
The exhibition title
quotes Robert L. Carter, a
counsel for the plaintiffs, in
his Dec. 9, 1952, oral argu
ments before the United
States Supreme Court.
Arguing against the consti
tutionality of racial segrega
tion in public schools, he
said, “It is our position that
any legislative or govern
mental classification must
fall with an even hand on all
persons similarly situated.”
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“With an Even Hand” is
presented in three sections.
Section One examines the
court cases leading to the
1954 decision, including
the landmark Plessy v. Fer
guson case, which estab
lished the “separate but
equal” doctrine in 1896.
This section of the exhibi
tion also examines pivotal
events such as the founding
of the National Association
for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP),
whose legal arm launched
the actions that culminated
in the Brown v. Board of
Education court cases. Fea
tured in this section is a
copy of the 1909 platform
adopted by the National
Negro Committee, the pre
cursor of the NAACP
Among the “first and imme
diate steps” listed in the
platform is the adoption of
the principle “that there be
equal educational opportu
nities for all and in all the
States, and that public
school expenditure be the
same for Negro and white
child.” Also included is a
1939 memorandum from
Thurgood Marshall to Wal
ter white and Arthur B.
Spingarn concerning the
founding of the NAACP
Legal Defense and Educa
tional Fund.
Section Two examines the
history of the Brown v.
Board of Education decision
and reaction to the Supreme
Court decision. Featured
materials include a May 7,
1954, letter from Chief Jus
tice Earl Warren to mem
AUGUSTA FOCUS
bers of the court; a front
page edition of Kansas’ The
Russell Daily News, May
17, 1954, photographs of
Brown lawyers Harold P.
Boulware, Thurgood Mar
shall and Spottswood W.
Robinson 111 at the
Supreme Court conferring
prior to presenting argu
ments during Brown v.
Board of Education; and of
Thurgood Marshall, George
E.C. Hayes and James
Nabrit walking down the
steps of the Supreme Court
in 1954. Also featured are
manuscripts from Supreme
Court justices, including
Felix Frankfurter's draft
decree in Brown v. Board of
Education II (the April
1955 decision that deter
mined the manner in which
relief was to be accorded to
the plaintiffs). In Brown 11,
Frankfurter inserted “with
all deliberate speed,” which
had been suggested by
Thurgood Marshall, in
place of “forthwith” as the
appropriate measure for
implementing the first
Brown decision.
Section Three follows the
aftermath of the Brown
decision and focuses on
events such as the Mont
gomery, Ala., bus boycott,
the desegregation of Little
Rock High School and
James Meredith’s entry into
the University of Mississip
pi. Featured items include a
Sept. 21, 1962, report to
President John E Kennedy
from John A. Morsell, assis
tant to the NAACP execu
tive secretary, requesting the
i
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assistance of the federal gov
ernment in the case of James
Meredith; and original art
work, including political
cartoons that convey the cli
mate of the nation during
this period, such as Bill
Mauldin’s “Inch by Inch,”
1960; Vincent Smith’s “First
Day of School,” 1965; and
Herblock’s “One Nation,
Indivisible,” 1997.
In connection with the
exhibition, the Library of
Congress will present a vari
ety of outreach and educa
tional programs, including
educators’ institutes and
school tours, a film series,
symposia, lectures and other
presentations. In addition,
the Library will sponsor a
poster competition among
students in grades three
through eight in the District
of Columbia public schools.
Winning designs will be dis
played in the exhibition
area.
Also on display in the
exhibition area will be
selected materials from
“Voices of Civil Rights,” a
cooperative effort among
the Library of Congress,
AARP and the Leadership
Conference on Civil Rights
to collect and preserve thou
sands of personal stories,
oral histories, photographs
and personal artifacts of the
Civil Rights Movement in
the United States. The col
lection of personal accounts
of America’s struggle for jus
tice and equality will be
housed permanently at the
Library of Congress.
The Library houses the
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most comprehensive civil
rights collection the
country: the original
papers of the organiza
‘tions that led the fight for
civil liberties, such as the
NAACP; the Brother
hood of Sleeping Car
Porters; the National
Urban League; the Lead
ership Conference on
Civil Rights; the micro
filmed records of the
Southern Christian Lead
ership Conference, led by
Martin Luther King Jr.;
the Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE); the
Student Nonviolent
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Coordinating Committee
(SNCC); and the person
al papers of Booker T
Washington, Frederick
Douglass, Roy Wilkins,
A. Philip Randolph,
Bayard Rusti, Arthur
Spingarn, Moorfield
Storey, Patricia Roberts
Harris, Edward W.
Brooke and Joseph Rauh.
Funding for “With an
Even Hand” and its pro
gramming have been
made possible by AARP;
Anthony and Beatrice
Welters; and Ameri-
Choice, a United Health
Group Company.
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