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The Negro Revolt
What Can Be Done?
BY LOUIS CASSELS
United Press International
It is easier to find causes for
the black uprising which is
sweeping through urban Ameri
ca than it is to devise remedies.
A 2,000-mile tour of riot-torn
cities convinced me, for one,
that there is no simple and sure
solution. It will take a
combination of measures, swift
ly undertaken, to head off a
national disaster.
The immediate necessity is to
maintain public order. However
deep the grievances which
inspire it, rioting is a destruc
tive act which hurts innocent
people of both races, and
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jeopardizes the very fabric of
civilization.
As President Johnson said in
his television address to the
nation July 28, “There is no
American right to loot stores or
to bum buildings or to fire
rifles from rooftops. . .That is
crime and crime must be dealt
with forcefully and swiftly and
certainly, under law.”
Law enforcement officials
have learned some painful
lessons from past riots. One is
that it takes a very finely
balanced mixture of firmness
and restraint to cope with a
racial incident in the ghetto
tinderbox.
If police get too tough too
soon, it’s like throwing gasoline
on a fire. But if they lean too
far in the opposite direction—as
they did in Detroit, when they
watched looters without trying
to stop them—they invite a
swift spread of disorder.
Guard Use Varied
It has also been made clear
that calling out the National
Guard is not always an
adequate solution. In some
places, such as Cambridge,
Md., Guard units have handled
riot situations with great skill.
In others, such as Newark and
Detroit, it has been all too
obvious that many Guurosmeu
have had very little military
experience and no riot training
whatever.
Untrained youths do not turn
into battle-wise soldiers merely
by putting on fatigues and a
helmet. They are apt to respond
to a single sniper shot—or even
a firecracker—by spraying rifle
and machine gun bullets at
everything that moves.
I feel strongly about this
because I nearly got shot one
night in Detroit when police and
Guardsmen began shooting at a
sniper or snipers whom they
couldn’t locate. Other bystan
ders, including a four-year-old
child in an apartment and a
woman tourist standing at a
motel window, were killed.
There was a striking contrast
between the West Side of
Detroit patrolled by the Nation
al Guard and the East Side in
which the seasoned paratroop
ers of the regular Army were
posted. The paratroopers never
fired wildly. When a sniper
opened up, they located the
building he was in, surrounded
it, went in and dug him out the
hard way—without jeopardizing
all the other residents by
spattering the windows with
bullets.
Pacification came very quick
ly in areas occupied by
paratroopers.
The lesson that Detroit Mayor
Jerome Cavanagh drew was
that there should be a force of
trained federal troops available
to big cities as soon as a riot
begins. While President Johnson
has not endorsed that idea, he
has ordered the National Guard
to begin training its men in riot
control.
The Federal Bureau of
Investigation also is distributing
to police departments around
the country a manual on riot
control which includes badly
needed advice on how to handle
snipers.
Seek Gun Control
Another measure which many
law enforcement officials consi
der essential to future riot
control is the legislation which
has been pending in Congress
ever since President Kennedy’s
assassination, to impose curbs
on the sale of guns and pistols.
“This country has to act to
control firearms,” Atty. Gen.
Ramsey Clark said. “If Newark
and Detroit don’t demonstrate
that necessity, nothing can.”
If armed repression, however
efficient, is America’s only
response to the Negro uprising,
its cities may be in for an
indefinite siege of guerrilla
warfare.
“The aimless vioence and
destruction can be contained
through military means, but
only drastic changes in the life
of the poor will provide the kind
of order and stability that
Americans desire, ” said Martin
Luther King Jr.
President Johnson expressed
a similar view in his TV
address on the rioting:
“The only genuine, long-range
solution lies in an attack upon
the conditions that breed
despair and violence.”
Although no one can now
envision all of the details of the
solution that will be required, it
is already evident that it will
involve a mammoth commit
ment of national resources,
vastly exceeding anything that
the administration or Congress
has yet dared to propose.
Vice President Hubert H.
Humphrey, trying to suggest
the magnitude of the response
that is needed, speaks of a
“Marshall Plan” for urban
America. The Marshall Plan for
postwar rebuilding of Western
Europe involved a U.S. outlay
of $13.5 billion over 4 years. It
saved Britain, France, Italy,
West Germany, Greece, Turkey
and several other nations from
communism, or chaos.
The cost of the Marshall Plan
will be very modest compared
to the sums which the United
States will need to expend if it
seriously intends to seek a
“genuine, long-range solution”
of the ghetto’s problems. But
the cost of not solving those
problems would be incalculably
greater, solely in financial
terms, not to mention lives.
Mayors Have Group
The Urban Coalition, a group
of business, labor, religious and
civic leaders headed by Mayor
John V. Lindsay of New York
and Mayor Joseph M. Barr of
Pittsburgh, has called a nation
al conference in Washington
late this month to formulate
specific proposals for a vastly
increased government assault
on the ghetto s job, housing and
poverty problems.
Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. of
Atlanta, Ga., has urged an
increase of S3O billion a year in
federal spending for housing
programs, job training, im
provement of slum schools, and
antipoverty projects which are
directly beneficial to ghetto
residents.
Many economists and social
scientists agree with Allen that
it will take a massive step-up in
federal spending, on the order
of 20 to 40 billion dollars a year,
to make any real dent in me
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MUSS IN 1 3131 nM
Griffin Daily News
Skidding Tobacco
Worries Rep. Pafford
VALDOSTA, Ga. (UPI) — A
Georgia lawmaker has asked
the state’s congressional delega
tion to do something about the
“devastaing position” tobacco
growers find themseives in.
State Rep. Bobby Pafford of
Lakeland said Thursday steps
must be taken to put a stop to
skidding tobacco prices in the
state.
Buyers have complained that
excessive use of the sucker
control chemical MH-30 is ad
versely affecting the quality of
prime leaves. The market drop
ped again Thursday with losses
of as much as $3 per hundred
on prime leaf.
Pafford said one farmer sold
a row of his best crop for less
than 50 cents a pound because
he was offered no more.
“The prime reason for the
collapse of the tobacco prices
Thursday was the failure of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture
grading service to maintain
consistency in... grading Geor
ghetto’s problems.
Some have pointed out that
the money needed for this
domestic war against despair is
approximately equal to the
amount that the United States
is spending in Vietnam and on
the effort to send a man to the
moon.
Sensitive to this comparison,
President Johnson asserted
firmly that this country is “rich
enough” to deal with its
domestic problems “without
surrendering our interests
abroad.”
There are no signs that
Congress, in its present mood,
will vote even a fraction of the
funds proposed by Mayor Allen
and others.
“Only a mammoin program
can head off the developing
trend toward revolution,” Dr.
Jack E. Dodson, associate
professor of sociology at the
University of Houston, told UPI.
“But in the current context of
American politics, I don’t
seriously think changes of the
necessary scale will be made.
“The United States is on the
verge of being ripped apart. If
we continue on our present
course, I foresee a time when
Negro slum areas will become
reservations encircled by para
military police forces to main
tain order.”
Dodson hopes he will be
proved wrong. And in that hope
he is not alone.
T
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3
Friday, August 11, 1967
gia tobacco,” he said.
State Agriculture Commissioner
Phil Campbell said he was not
aware of buyers’ reluctance to
bid and suggested adverse
weather conditions might have
caused a drop in quality.
At one Valdosta warehouse,
buyers declined to bid on an en
tire row of “red” tobacco be
cause of alleged excessive use
Os MH-30.
There were similar reports
from Tifton, Douglas and other
market points. Buyers refused
to bid on prime grades or their
bids were unacceptable.
The Tifton market reported a
$3 loss per hundredweight of to
bacco Wednesday as compared
to the day before.
Prices on lower grades, such
as lugs and nondescript, held up
well, possibly because they
were less affected by the chem
ical, one tobacco expert said.
The lower grades come from
the lower part of the stalk and
are nearly mature and protect
ed by higher leaves when the
MH-30 is normally used.
The chemical controversy was
touched off several years ago in
the Carolinas, but growers re
fined their use of MH-30 and
arguments died down.
Prices in Georgia began to
dip as growers brought their
higher grades of tobacco to
markets this week.
Reflecting the price drop,
more tobacco went into the gov
ernment loan program. This
season 1.6 per cent of gross
sales has gone to the Stabiliza
ion Corporation.
This compares with .1 per
cent for the same period last
year. Much of the tobacco go
ing to the loan program was
high grade.
REMEDY FOR INTERNS
LONDON (UPl)—Member of
Parliament Laurence Pitt urged
the government Wednesday to
build accomodations for mar
ried hospital interns. He said he
knew of one doctor’s wife who
had to sneak into a hospital’s
residential quarters for secret
meetings with her husband and
of a hospital that had an 11.30
p.m. curfew on wives being in
their husband’s rooms. He cited
such examples as reasons why
doctors in Britain’s nationalized
health system are dissatisfied
and want to emigrate.
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Thie public Mrviec meuaee iporuored by th»
Members of The American
Optometric Association
Open All Day Wednesday
of Griffin
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