Newspaper Page Text
Griffin Daily News
3
Sat. and Sun., Jan. 17-18, 1970
i DECADE OF DIVISION
NIGER Oct 1, 1960—Nigeria becomes in- May 27, 1967—Gowan government 111'
dependent after century of British abolishes four regions, creates 12
■■ ■jf rule. new states.
u J Jon. 15, 1966—Prime Minister Sir Moy 30, 1967—Eastern Region de- \ ’
f Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, a North- dares independence as Ibo-domi- V
-V 4 erner, assassinated; officers led by noted nation of liafra.
f Gen. Johnson Aguyi-lronsi, an East-
.... ' iWf erner, seize power. Aug. 9, 1967—Biafran troops cap-
i-ture Benin, Midwestern capital, in Jf
4 May, 1966—1b0s in Northern Region farthest advance; soon driven back
V massacred; 30,000 dead, 2 million by federal troops. Siege of Biafra
■ A. « \ refugees. begins.
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J f Aug. 1, 1966—Gen. Ironsi assassi- Jan. 12, 1970—Last strongholds
J 1 noted; Col. Yakubu Gowon, a North- overrun, Biafra collapses. •
S r f erner, takes control. 1- • " "f*
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After 30 months and an estimated million or more deaths, the civil war in Nigeria ended
with the overrunning by federal troops of the Uli airstrip and the last towns in Biafran
control. The war began when the Ibo tribe (more than 12 million out of Nigeria's total
population of 55 million) objected to plans to divide Nigeria into smaller states, which
would end Ibo domination of the Eastern Region.
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OUTNUMBERED AND OUTGUNNED, Biafran forces, nevertheless, managed to hold
out since July 6, 19«7. At left, three tribesmen train with makeshift weapons. At right,
members of an elite group used to guard Biafran leader Ojukwu In the early stages of
the rebellion.
For a first-hand look at coal
mining in southwest Virginia,
photographer Kenneth Murray
took his camera to the
"dog holes" where men on
their hands and knees
grub for a livelihood much as
their fathers did 30 years
ago. These are the small mines
whose owners see the
union, taxes and safety legis
lation as means to an end
of their operation.
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LUNCHROOM in a “dog hole” is any place a man can
sit up straight. Small mines follow a thin seam of coal
large companies won’t bother with. They’re called dog
holes because ceilings are low and miners work on all
fours at their backbreaking labor.
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Biafra: Symbol for Suffering
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STARVATION is widespread in Biafra. In Copwahagen,
an official of Nord Church Aid, a principal supplier of
food and medicine during the Nigerian blockade, fore
cast 90 per cent of Biafra’s five million refugees would
starve within a week if relief flights could not land.
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TOPSIDE at a small mine in Appalachia. Owners figure they will have to close if new safety legislation is too stiff.
Five men operate the mine, shooting the coal with small blasts to break it up, then loading it by hand onto motor
ized cars for the trip out. Miners are paid according to the number of cars they load.
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GOING ON 60, this miner claims he can “shovel coal with the best of ’em.” He’s paid $1.15 per car of coal he
loads (about two tons to the car) and usually averages 15 cars a day. “Scratching a living out of a dog hole is a
struggle,” he said, “but then so is a potato farm.”
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GENOCIDE is feared by Ibo tribesmen although many are living in peace in Nigerian
controlled areas. Here, a Biafran returns to the city of Aba after its capture by fed
eral troops. Most of the city’s 400,000 residents fled with retreating rebel forces.
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INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS nurse tends sick child
at a hospital in Enugu, Biafra. Continued relief will be
needed if millions of refugees are to be saved from
starving. The White House has announced a U.S. airlift
is ready to deliver food and medical supplies to the
Biafrans. Other governments and international relief
agencies also are planning help.