Newspaper Page Text
Griffin Daily News
_ ... Men In 1A Face Callup
Dratt * If No. Is Below 200
(EDITOR’S NOTE: Contri
buting to the following dispatch
were Eugene Risher of UPl’s
White House staff; Daniel
Rapoport of the House staff and
Darrell Garwood, chief Penta
gon reporter.)
By LOUIS CASSELS
UPI Senior Editor
WASHINGTON (UPI) -De
spite recent cuts in military
manpower requirements, draft
boards this year are likely to
induct all lA’s with callup
numbers lower than 200.
Young men with numbers
higher than 240 probably are
home free.
For those with numbers in
the twilight zone between 200
and 240, the chances of
induction hinge on how the war
goes in Vietnam and other
imponderables, such as the
number of “voluntary” enlist
ments in active or reserve
components of the armed
forces.
That is the best answer UPI
was able to obtain from
government officials to a
question being asked by hun
dreds of thousands of young
men, their families and sweet
hearts.
A rumor has been going
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28
Wednesday, Feb. 18, 1970
around college campuses that
the new lottery system is just a
big joke because most local
boards will run through all 366
numbers before the end of the
year.
This rumor apparently was
prompted by the fact that local
boards generally called up the
first 30 numbers in January
and the next 30 numbers in
February.
But officials at the Defense
Department and Selective Ser
vice headquarters say this pace
won’t be maintained throughout
the year. It will slow down
drastically in June, when the
expiration of college defer
ments adds thousands of men
to the 1A pool.
Here are some other ques
tions being asked by young men
of draft age, with answers
based on the latest official
information or the best guesses
UPI reporters could obtain
from the White House, Defense
Department, Selective Service
headquarters and Congress:
Q. Will all local boards
proceed at the same pace
through the sequence of callup
numbers?
A. Not necessarily. An
attempt is being made to
maintain a certain degree of
uniformity by sending out
advisories from Washington
asking local boards not to go
beyond a certain number in a
particular month. But some
variation among the 4,092 local
boards is probable, because
different percentages of their
registrants are deferred.
Q. Will the winding down of
the Vietnam War have any
effect on draft calls?
A. Yes. Last December, the
Pentagon estimated 250,000
draftees would be needed in
1970. In January, the estimate
was trimmed by 10 per cent, to
225,000. If the battlefronts in
Vietnam remain relatively quiet
and U.S. troop withdrawals
continue, further reductions in
draft calls are likely.
Q. What’s going to happen to
deferments for college students,
fathers and persons, such as
teachers, who are judged to be
in essential jobs?
A. The National Security
Council is due to make
recommendations on this mat
ter to President Nixon within
the next week or so. A clue to
the nature of the recommenda
tions may be found in a recent
public stations by Defense
Secretary Melvin R. Laird, a
key member of the National
Security Council, that “I do not
believe that we should continue
over a long period of time the
occupational, student and pater
nal deferments.”
Q. Can President Nixon end
deferments on his own, or is
action by Congress required?
A. The President has power
to end occupational and father
deferments by executive order.
But any change in the present
rules regarding deferment of
college students would require
action by Congress.
Q. Is Congress likely to enact
such legislation?
A. Yes. But it may not
happen this year. A Senate
subcommittee headed by Sen.
Edward M. Kennedy, D-Mass.,
is pushing for prompt action on
draft reforms including elimina
tion of student deferments,
which it says are causing
“enormous inequities.” But
there is some sentiment among
Senate and House leaders to
postpone the whole issue of
draft reform until next year.
Congress will be compelled to
take some action by early 1971
at the latest, because the
present Selective Service Act
expires June 30, 1971.
Q. Is there any prospect
Congress will let the draft die
and switch to an all-volunteer
army?
A. Not in the foreseeable
future. President Nixon says a
completely voluntary military
service, which he advocated
during his 1968 presidential
campaign, is still his “ultimate
goal.” He has appointed a
special commission headed by
former Defense Secretary Tho
mas Gates to study the
feasibility of the idea. Although
the commission has not yet
made its report, highly-placed
Defense officials say it appears
impossible to maintain a
military force larger than 2
million men without resort to
the draft. Present plans call for
reducing the manpower of the
armed forces from 3.3 million
to about 2.9 million men by
June 30,1971. But at no time in
the past 20 years has a 2
million man force been consi
dered adequate.
Q. Is there any prospect that
the period of draft service
might be reduced from 2 years
to 18 months?
A. This may come up during
consideration of new draft
legislation, but there is no
present indication the adminis
tration has anything like this in
the works. Defense officials are
not sympathetic to a shortened
term of service. Even with a
two-year draft hitch, they say,
a man barely learns his job
before his time is up.
Q. Can a low-number 1A
escape induction by signing up
with the National Guard or a
reserve unit?
A. Yes, provided he can find
a vacant billet. National Guard
and organized reserve units can
take in additional men only to
the extent that there are
vacancies in their authorized
strength. The Defense Depart
ment says that the situation is
extremely spotty. “Some units
are up to authorized strength
and have waiting lists of
applicants,” a spokesman told
UPI. “Others have vacancies
and can accept qualified
applicants immediately.” Typi
cally, a qualified applicant has
to wait at least two or three
months for a vacancy, and
during this time he is wide
open to being drafted.
Q. Under the new lottery
system, does a person go into
the prime draft pool during the
year he turns 19?
A. No. This is a widespread
misunderstanding. It is the
year after a boy attains his
19th birthday that counts. In
other words, a boy who
becomes 19 this year will not
enter the prime pool until next
Jan. 1, and will remain in the
vulnerable category throughout
the calendar year 1971.
Q. How will such a person get
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a callup sequence number?
A. There will be a new
drawing late this year—proba
bly around Dec. I—to establish
the random sequence for
callups in 1971. New drawings
will continue to be held
annually, affecting the youths
who enter the prime pool
during the following calendar
year.
Q. Was the first drawing
fair?
A. Some people have charged
that the capsules weren’t
thoroughly mixed, so that those
with birthdates in October,
November and December tend
ed to be drawn earlier than
others. Selective Service offi
cials contend that the capsules
were mixed very thoroughly,
and have expert testimony
from some mathematicians
that the way the dates came
out was well within the
probabilities of a random
number sequence.
Q. Does the lottery system
have any effect on draft
exemptions for persons found
unqualified for military ser
vice?
A. None whatever. The
lottery applies only to draft
registrants classified lA, and
the 1A classification is limited
to men who have been
examined and found acceptable
at an armed forces induction
center.
Q. Are many people turned
down by the armed forces
because of physical disabilities,
because they flunked the
mental examination, or because
they had police records?
A. Yes, slightly more than
half the men examined last
year were rejected by the
armed forces.
Q. Do you have to wait until
you’re tentatively classified 1A
before you find out whether
you’re qualified for service?
A. No more. Under a new
order issued by President Nixon
last December, any draft
registrant may ask his local
board to arrange for him to
take a qualifying examination
at any time, so he won’t be in
any doubt about his status.
Q. How long can a 1A stall
off induction after he gets his
notice from the draft board?
A. He has 30 days from the
date on which he’s classified 1A
(the date on the notice, not the
date he receives it) to request
a personal appearance before
his board to discuss the
classification. If the board
reaffirms the 1A classification
after meeting personally with
him, he has 30 days more in
which to file a written appeal.
The written appeal goes to the
state appeals board, which
probably will need two or three
weeks to act upon it.
Q. Is the state appeals board
the end of the line?
A. Usually but not always. If
the board unanimously rejects
the appeal, that’s it. But if
there’s a split vote, the
registrant may appeal to the
President of the United States
(in actual practice, to a
national appeals board in
Selective Service headquarters
in Washington) for review of
the decision.
Q. Can a man be inducted
while an appeal is pending?
A. No.
Q. Where can a registrant get
detailed information about the
forms and procedures for filing
appeals?
A. Best thing to do is confer
with the “government appeals
agent”—a citizen who serves
voluntarily as a counselor to
draft registrants. Every local
board has one, and must post
his name in a prominent
location. Local boards also will
provide on request a free
pamphlet entitled “Taking Ap
peals from Selective Service
Classifications.” It spells out all
the ground rules.
About the author: Louis
Cassels, 48, has been a UPI
Washington correspondent since
1947 and a senior editor since
1967. A native of Aiken County,
South Carolina, he was graduat
ed from Duke University in
1942 and served in World War
II as an Air Force communica
tions and intelligence officer.
He has written many stories
about the draft. His 21-year-old
son returned recently from
combat duty as a helicopter
crew chief in Vietnam.
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