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. B7Q.&W. ROBERTSON, Eunr.unr.ns ok tiik, laws or Tint union. DEIOY CAPER, i ! COUNTRY PAPER, EIGHT 1)01.1. ANV : nvR noi.MRs vessel, after night, and one in which specie wne transported from the ehore in the boats to an American vessel. form any satisfactory opinion.. From the representations of Gen. Gninos that forty- nine fiftieths of the creek nation were oppo sed to the treaty ; from the insinuation -by: nmi. Androws, of" corruption”; and from (hi . , J . .. .. .< ...L'C. .... .CU.Uis. of the Chiefs ; hut in the absence of such intbrmatiou which we had no means of ob taining, we have examined carefully the .denatures to the treaty made at the Indian Springa'in 1821, and compared them with attempt toexercisoa partial ownership over ample between a Judge and tho accused pi the land is in violation of the treaty, and it which he does not hesitate severely t„ becomes the duly of the U.S. to interpose; - hat tho consent of the Indians, even if pro perly obtained, could not give the right, be- Mr. Vaughn, tho new Minister from bold charge against the integrity ol'M’lntbsh-those 10 the Treaty concluded at the same cause they urebutonsol the contracting par- ! ■ . and his party and against his commtasionefs, ~i—- is.i........ i—• 'ni.„ — >i.. ...j ilaUhaal nmnnimant isonnsti. Great Britain, to tho United Statos, arrived . )U Jj c m jndwns filled with suspicion.— mil. Ui. is asY.'.-f. .l. i! a a„ Js„Uw. il..i it fleet upon both the Governor and tile L - " latlire. Circumstances like these i, a . a nothing to do with the main mutter in * SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 27. gainst the agent, Latest from E n plan d -Tho Manches- The Committee of Hoaltb of the city of Augusta, state that tho city was never in a more healthful condition at this season of the year, than at present, and that no case of small pox or any disease resembling it. has occurred during the present year. The gallant, the indefatigable Porter— the hero of Valparaiso, who with the flag of "Free Trade and Sailor’s Rights," at his mast bead,contended against an overwhelm ing superiority of force, until his vessel was a wreck and two-thirds of his brav.e seamen Weltering in their gore upon her deck, and who more rccer.tly has sacrificed hiscomfort, broken his constitution by disease, end en dured sufferings of every description, ill a destructive climate—whose whole life has been devoted to the service end glory of bis country, has, been sentenced to sus pension from the service, of which he was the pride and boast, fur the tern; of six months. I.et it be known to the people, that the trhnet for which this sentence has been visited upon this faithful servant, are his having demanded and obtained peacea ble satisfaction, from a nest of freebooters- for an insult to the American flag, for which he deserved the thanks of his country v for writing letters to the President and one of his Secretaries, asking an investigation of his conduct, and for supporting a character dearer to him than life, by the publication of his Defence before the Court of Inquiry, befbre the decision of the President was published—an offence under all the circum stances of his rccal, &c. not only not of a flagrant but a perfectly excusable character. We hazard nothing in saying, that an act of more cruel injustice, has never been committed in our country, than on this oc casion, to a deserving and patriotic officer; nor has a greaier injury ever been done to our navy than by this sentence. If this be - the reward of those who serve their coun try for offences so venial, no honorable man will be found to bold a commission—no of ficer will dare avenge an insult to his flag, without first asking leave from the depnrt- ..tnent, ant) the chivalric spirit and becoming pride which should animate the seaman will be broken down by the terrors of a Court Martial and intriguing foes at home, where he should find defenders and friends. The following letter from Com. Pouter, to the President, which forms a prominent feature in the charge of insubordination, and conduct unbecoming an officer, and is con sidered by the Court as fully proving vhal .charge, will afford some idea of the nature speculations. We consider the historical Of the charges and the proof We duly account and the argument of the Review any man to shew in this communication the * better calculated to make an impression on least disrespect, much less insubordination , the public mind than the ablest version w'e or unofficeriike conduct. , have seen of them. The numerous refer- copv. | enees in this Review to the various treaties . Captain Porter-has the honor,erespect- i with the Indians, and to the laws and public fully, to stale to the President of the United documents, explaining the policy of the go- States, that, agreeable to tin; suggestion of vernment towards them, were unnecessary, ■the President, he, on the I Gill oflast month addressed a letter to the Secretary ol tho Navy, requesting an investigation of his conduct in relation to the affair ol Foxardo, and-the-charges of Mr. Randall, as early as •was consistent with lift public fill crests at Washington on tho 12th inst. He .is We were among tha first to declare that if represented as a gentleman of fine ednea- the Treaty had been ntoourod by the Means , , . .. i, sinuated. It was aliku due to the IndUoa tion, ot solid judgment, of liberal principles, i||( , tho chMlclcr 0 | t h t . United States, that and possessed of assiduous habits for busi- the fact ahnuld be distinctly ascertained— ness; that he is a great favorite of the Brit- and that if there be any well founded ob, . ’ , . ,, , . jcr.tion to its validity, it should be annulled, ish Government, am) of bland aud prepoa 0(lr 0|mliun all || j am | such must bo sossing manners. the feeling and opinion of every honorable —— man in Georgia. But ought we, hastily to A letter from the Rev. W. Capers, late taku'for granted a state ol things wkich pla- c&sstf.soft's? among the Creeks, is published in the , jo!I ? j t j 8 tfteir treaty negotiated and rati- Charloston Courier, in which he etates in fled by them. Their commissioners are said reference to a passage in Governor Troup’s to have It opwihr ud la ftw , • / * . . council with the Indians, during the agency lute letter to tho President, that the resolu- Crowell, who was then is much tionB against the Indian Agent Crowell, al- • opposed to it os lie uow is. No matter with luded to by the Governor, wore on grounds what haste the Treaty was sent to Wash- . 7 , ’ , • inglon ; although it arrived." tn 19 days distinct from the complaints now made a- wa8 submitted to the Senate the very last day of Us session,’’ as the Review says, yet this dispatch, so necessary to enable the Senate tn act upon it before they adjourned ter and Euphrates, arrived at NffW-York,jwasnot^great butth.t furnish dates from Liverpool to the 7th Ju ly. The political intelligence is unimport ant. The advices of the Cotton Market arc far from satisfactory. The continued heavy import from Egypt, Brazil, and the U States seemed to destroy confidence in the state ments that the general supply would not much exceed that of last year; and, in con sequence, pricuB were lower, and very little business was doing when the Euphrates sailed—the sales of Cotton for three days previous, being only 390 hales. Under the commercial head will be found an extract from a Circular, of tho 1st of July, with which we have been favored. There are sumo unfavorable accounts from Greece, stating that Rednchid Pacha had been reinforced, that the Ottomon and Egyptian forces increased daily, that the Greek Chiefs are absenting, &c.—»'l which, wo iiiulertase to say.iB mere Turkish hum bug. An expedition of 3000 men is, stated to be preparing at Cuffiz, intended for tile Ha vana. Several hundred houses had been swept away by the rise ef the Ganges at C-oram- porc, East Indies—including the Missiona ry establishment. Some part of the paper and types were saved. Georoia & the United States.—From its importance the Georgia controversy has become a fruitful theme of comment through out the Union. Tho must elaborate article to which it has given rise, made its appear ance some'short time ago in the New-York Review.' It was eagerly copied in the first instance by that friend ol the Southern States, the Editor of the N. York American and lauded by him in theniost complimenta ry terms. Although it beam upon its face the impress of partizan Zeal, ami contuins the harshest and most tinjustifiablo expres sions, it has been copied as orthodox by several prints; whilst others have drawn from it. the principal arguments and facts, mixed them up with their own flourishing except to show the research of the author into two or three volumes of lie U S. laws, &c. But, perhaps, he belongs to that “ on lightening" class of politicians to whom Gon. Gaines refers in his last .letter to Governor Troup. Is it not wonderful that this au and on the same day he received what pur-; ^hor did not give us an account ol tho habits, ported tq be the Secretary’s reply, inform- pursuits and religious opinions of tho almri ing him that tho Executive' had determined 1 g'na's of America ? The benevolent design that a Court should be formed to examine ■ °l the goversmerit to teach the Indians the into the occurrences as soon as circtunstan-. arta ot civilized life, and to remove them to ces will permit. Captain Porter conse quently wailed with patience until the 13th of this month, when, nut being sbld to learn that any steps were taken towi rds the ac complishment of the Executive will, he again addressed the Secretary in the most urgent but respectful manner, to cause his conduct 'o be investigated, and allow him, ifinuoeent, to relieve himself from the truly unpleasant situation iu wiiich the order for, liia recall has placed him. No notice has yet been taken of this request, and Captain Porter, despairing of justice from any othor quarter, begs and intreats that the Presi dent of the United States will cause it to be rendered him. April 17, lt*A Of one thing Com. Porter may rest as sured—the people arc with Hm. The Petersburg Intelligencer says, “from certain indications we think the course of the Generul Government will be, not to oppose “ force by force” under any circumstances that may arise; and Governor Troup may. ff he thinks proper, carry into effect his de ti rinination to survey the Creek Lands im- mediately, even in defiance of the treaty stipulations.” The Court Martial on the case of Cap tain Stewart. was organized on the 18th instant. Com. Barron, President, Richard , S. Coxu, Judge Advocate. Messrs. Hop kins and Taylor.- were engaged as Counsel for the accused—and Mr. Stansbury, ste nographer. , There tre four general chargea and thirty nine specifications, the reading of .which took .up halfan hour. The examination of Lieut. Hunter, first Lieutenant, of the Franklin, established the facls in two in stances of currying specie from the shore on pntrd tbs Franklin, ,by tbs hosts ut' that a more distant and eligible part nfnurcnun try. has been long kiiown and approved by the people. The. rejection of the militia claims of Georgia, for nearly thirty years, and I ho de lay of the U. S. to comply fully with an “ agreement” solemnly entered into to ex tinguish the title to the land in question. haVe for years, been subjects of complaint with the people of the stntc. The extin guishment ofthe Indian titles in the neigh boring stntes had driven l he Indiana in grua ter numbers within her territorial limits'— Feeling the effect of this increase in tho number of her troublesome neighbors,., and seeing the frequency and facility with whied Indian cessions were obtained.her complaints assumed a stronger tone, and the united re monstrances of her delegation in Congress was followed by the appointment- of com missioners to negotiate the late troty. It is upon that Treaty, taken in conjunction wilhthe agreement upon which it is bot tomed, that the Rights of Georgia mainly rest. The cession procured by the U. S. however extensive or cosily, had not been satisfactory to tho Georgians. Whether they ought to have been so or not we do not undertake to decide. The contiguity oft Peso Indians, tho trouble and Vexation they gave Hie whites, and especially since they have been brought within a narrower compass place in February last. The result ot our ties, and "tho national government is cousti- examination is, that the first Treaty has tuiionally charged with negociating with all twonty-six and the Uut has fifty-two Indian tho Indian tribe*.” This is the broad ground Signatures. General William M’Intash’s. as to mniml. One less comprehensive ha. is the first Indian signature to both Treaties - been taken ; that the consent of the Indi- Rwd the Big Warriors’* name is npt signed to either of them. The laet Treaty is sigiyd by Eight of the Chiefs (nearly one-third of the whole nulnber) who made tho Treaty of 1821,tn wit;—General William M’lu- tosh, Holahtau or Col. Blue, Elomme Tus- tunnuggee, Chnwacala Micco, Wuluceo Hajo. Joseph Marshall, Niucomatocliee. ana was never obtained properly; and, that oven if it bad been, it has been since re voked by an almostTmanimous voice. Upon these points the controversy seems now principally to turn. May we not ask, if the terms ofthe trea ty are not in fact ambiguous ? If no pre paratory measures for taking possession of Ahalacn Yoliplo. The remaining oighteun ' the lands in Georgia was contemplated by was laid before the government and, if we, are not mistaken Col. Crowell was himself at Washington exerting his influence against it attlie time it was ratified. Is it not tair to presume that every objection now urged to this abused instrument was then fully known tn the government t If new facts have been brought to light by the vigilence ofthe gov eminent agents, they will no doubt be be fore the Executive. The representations of Crowell in March last at Washington, if at all credited by ihe President musl have in duced him to delay so’mitting the Treaty to the Senate, until further enquiry lias been had on the subject. But if they failed to have this qttect with the President, we should suppose the Senate would have had some regard to t|in honor ofthe nation now said to be slauind by the transaction. The argumonts & feeline declamation of the blind partizans ofthe administration, in tended,In be levelled at Georgia, apply, (if they have any application at all) to the go-' vernment of the Union. For ourselves we disclaim all prejudice on this subject. Truth and Jtislicn are our great objects—VVe would neither blindly praise “ the powers mat be,” nor hastily censure'them. All public men smild ho tried by rheir acts—and ii|ion an impartial enquiry into them, an en lightened public will pronounce a just ver dict. We do not understand that it was ever denied by the friends ofthe treaty, but tiiat there was a parly ofthe Indians violently opposed to it from its formation. It is con tended, however that this party has hern greatly augmented by the influence and im proper conduct of the public A gents, whose duty it was to reconcile these ignorant peo ple to the bcnevolei t views oi the govern ment. It is important that this charge should be impartially enquired into. The public have, as yet, little more than asser tion anil counter.assertion upon it. One fact, however, is known in relation to aeon-, spiciotis Ir.dinn ; but how many more there are in his situation, we have no means of judging. We allude to Joseph Marshall— This man is one ofthe signers ofthe treaty; and al hough he belonged to “ the little treaty making party,” Tie is now most vio lently opposed to the treaty, and General Gaines has, in a measure, become responsi ble for his good character. May we not ask, was that honest and consistent man bri bed l If so. was he bribed to sign or dis avow the treaty ? Wc are left in two much uncertainty nbout the history ofthis ioseph to be satisfied with what he says or certi fies. Tin*, principal effort ofthe review and of its copyists, and of others who hud not been 1 " enlightened" by it when they wrnt.e, has been directed to the invalidation ofthe trea ty, and to create prejudices against it in the minds of a genci'oos and high mioilod peij- ple. The noble sympathies of our hearts are attempted to no excited iu behalf of a raco of men once tho lords of this land; but who have boen rapidly disappearing from the face of the earth, and are already reduced to a lew scattered remnant* of mighty na tions. Instead of arguments, drawn from facts to prove the fraudulent character ol the treatv, our feelings rather than our jmlg- ... Tq Indian signatures to tho treaty of 1821, are dertainly not known to the white people us of higher grade or of mure importance in tho Nation, tharf-an equal or greater num ber who signed the last Treaty, including the Marshalls, Millere, Kanards, Tusiun- nuggees, Hnjos, Micos,” See. The striking disagreement between these two state moots as to matters of fact, cun- not be overlooked. Wc do not believe that the treaty of 1821 has ever Ken objected to. The commissioners wire negotiated the late treaty have always been considered ho norable men ; they have declared it was fairly made ; and we understand they intend to submit to the public an expose ou the subject. The compensation secured to M’- Intosh is said to bo in consideration of a valuable piece of property included in the ceded territory, and to which he had a title as an individual. The Creeks who fought against us in the lute war. and who were aubdued bv tho assistance of the M’Intosh parly, were opposed to the treaty from the beginning ; but us tho lands on which they resided in Alabama were not ceded their opposition was disregarded by the friendly Indians, and we presume by the President and Senate And it has been said that whatever right they had in common to the lands in Georgia, was forfeited by their eon- duct in the war, and become vested in the Georgia Creeks by the right of conquest. But waiving this view, it bec.omes-a question whether if tho lands were partitioned off, I Im Alabama Creeks have not -yet secured to them their full share > Under ull these circumstances, we repeat, is it not premature ; is it not unjust towards Mr. Monroe, Mr. Adams and the Senate id pronounce this instrument the offspring affraud ! Are the violent denunciations of infuriate partizans, sufficient; in the ab sence ofall other testimony, to justify such a conclusion ? Ought we not to wail fur: liter deve.lopements / We freely confess thnt suspicions havo been created in our mind, nud that we are still anxiojiB that *11 the facts touching the subjects' should be fully and fearlessly brought out by a deli- berate anil impartial investigation. Char ges have been roundly made,and it is duetn i ho character of the nation that every impu tation upon its magnanimity and its justice should lie wiped oft'; either by dispelling tho haze which has been thrown around the subject or by ferriting out tho alleged fraud and annulling the treaty. We say, as every just man must say,Jiat justilia, ru- at caelum If the treaty be fraudulent, and therefore invalid, ii confers upon Georgia no rights which she did not possess before it was made —But who, in the present state of things, is authorised to pronounce such a decision?— What new facts were, known to Mr. A. to create this impression on his mind (if it ex isted) at the-time he instructed Gen. G. to prevent the surveys? If thut instruction grew out of such an opinion, we contend it was due to Georgia, as ail independent state that the itnpressiud of tile President should have been frankly communicated to the Go vernor—that the testimony should have been spread before him, and the reasons for requesting him tn abandon, for the present, his contemplated surveys, should have been explicitly stated. If these representations had been made, accompanied hy a deter mination to inquire into all the circumstan ces affecting tin: validity of the treaty, can any man believe that the Governor, with all his confidence in the treaty and his anxiety to get possession of the land, would huve hesitated to comply ? Such an investiga tion, involving the honor of the country, cotild not, as we humbly conceive, have boon otherwise than acceptable to Georgia, and especially since insinuations were made to her prejudice. But this whole supposi tion is forced and unreasonable. Mr. Ail ments are called upon to decide. To rouse am9 was fully acquainted with the history them the more effectually glowing pictures of(he treat „ jj e wa , in possession „ t ' are drawn in a style of pulpit eloquence of (j rHWe ||t s objections to it when it was rati unprovoked invasion —" triumphs over an( j no <.iRcial investigation of which wc hove any knowledge liari taken place up to the time Gon. Gnmcb’s instructions were issued. VVe conclude therefore, that they wero given Ibr other reasons deemed equal ly good. B t what is the precise character the rights of humanity”—•• merceless ex terminations of the aboriginal race”-- GothB aud Vandals”—Unrelenting con- qnerors of Hispaniola and Mexico”—Cold blooded, dnliberato. unnecessary perfidy”— “perfidious and dastardly inhumanity «<’, Jf muse.instructions, we know not; exefipt Christian Republicans towards defenceless ,h a t wo learn from the correspondence pith- Indians. lislied, that Gog. G. is required or consid- ers it his ditty under thorn, to prevent the surveys, undto protect the Indians. The protection of the Indians “against the onoroachinents, hostilities and imposi- Indians.’ We will not repeat the coarse and vulgar epithets which have boon literally showered upon the devoted heads of Governor Trodp and the people of Georgia. The conduct of Gov. T. can, ill no way, affect the obliga- j lions of tho whites,” ns guaranteed by the ttons ofthe U. S. to make such a treuty or j into treaty, was a duty imposed upon the its validity, since it has been made.—The , U S. hv mofal, as well as pre-existing writ Review contains no argument on the qnes 'ten obligations. But another enquiry liore tion of validity ; nothing but declamation, presents itself—Had Georgia the right un intended to rouse our pnssinns, and enlist our prejudices in anticipation ofun expected report on the subject. The only material facts it alleges are thus stutod : “ The treaty wrb signed by M’Intosh and tier the treaty to enter upon these lands for tho single purpose of surveying them ? If not, did the consent of the Indians making the treuty confer that right ? The terms of the treaiy are liable to two constructions, one other chief, the other Indian signors which have been, accordingly, put upon not being chiefs nor representotivesof towns j thorn. It is declared that “ whereas the and having no legal right tn sign the treaty : said emigrating party cannot prepare for on behalf of the Creeks, which they did ot ! " 1 “ —>—c— the instigation of M’Intosh It is a strong argument against its validity, that, witli the exception ®fM’Intosh and Riomine Tus- tunnuggee, none of the Creek chieftains, with whom tho Creek treaties have been u have, if we have been correctly informed, soallv concluded, appears to hnve signed nr constituted, one osthogreat,grnunds of coni 'sanctioned this treaty, so vitally important plaint. Georgia has hod two objects, in # to their welfare. The custom of that na- view ; the one Ui get possession ofthe lands ; tion liasheen to form a council ofthe rupre- 'he other to rid herself of a population in sentative chieftains, amounting to about for- every way objectionable. As the one ob- ty or fifty, a"d then to negotiate and sign jectwas o # uimp!ished, the other became the treaty—This treaty, however, bears more desiiuble. It is true the U, S. have none of those nulrks of authenticity.. It is made Many efforts, and succeeded in many concluded ot a distance from the nation, tnatAhccs in purchasing Indian titles. But upon a Bliort notice, and with a chieftain, they had not dono all they undertook in ei- who, is secured a personal compensation of ther respect until the late Treaty promised 425,000 by tho treaty, and who is, besides, its final accomplishment. mnde the agent for the lands transferred. But preliminaryTo any investigation ofthe This argument has already appeared in rights and obligations created by the treaty, another quarter; and ill Ihe Miliodgeville Its validity, so formidably assailed, becomes Recorder, the following answer to it is a qiestnn of serious importance. It it one, given immediate removal, the U. 3. stipulate for their protection against the.encroaclimonts, hostilities and impositions ofthe whites and of all others"—and September, 1826, is de signated as the period before which they cannot be compelled to move. In constru ing this stipulation the Executive and Le gislaturo of Georgia consider, that, as the right to the soil, is vested in that state, tha limited and qualified possession reserved tn the Indians, does not prevent a peaceable entry and survey ofthe territory, conducted its framers, why did it not stipulate at once, that its provisions were not to take oll'ecl until September, 1828, at which time the Indians should vacate the lauds and remove to the place provided for them ? The at tempt of the National Journal to show that the conciliatory effort of Georgia to effect the surveys by the consent of the Indians, was irregular and unconstitutional, because in tho nuturo of a treaty, is scarcely wor thy of notice- It is but one ofthe many tmsiTuble quibbles to which that sycophant print so often feels itself compelled to resort. Will airy impartial msnauy that it is un constitutional in tlie Governor of a state to ask permissh u of a tribe of Indians resi ding within thnt state, to.pass over the lands they temporarily occupy, aud mark the trees; or do any other innocent and inuffen sive act ? in the estimation of, some men the constitution confers no powers, and se cures no rights but to the National Govern ment. Every thing is tending to one great consolidated, National Government, which according to the prophetic language of Pat rick Henry. “ will swallow up -the liberties of the people.” To ere is a tribe of Indians in Virginia owning a considerable body of lands; suppose the state wished to sends gents through those lands for any given pur- po o, not prejudicial to the possession or re- pore ot the Indians. According to this new doctrine, it cannot be done without “consulting the general government"— whose permission must be obtained! Wc cun conceive no other ground on which the President could have requested a suspen sion of the surveys in Georgia, but a con victim on his part, that if they were per severed in, it would add to the excitement of the Indians; itiflunie their animosities against each other, and add to the difficul ties of removiug them, if it did not produce bloodshed. But these, in our opinion, were justifiable grounds for suqh a request: aud if Ins apprehensions were well founded (as they have appeared to us to bej Gov. T. ought to have promptly complied. Thu communication of such a request, However, accompanied by a threat or menace, (and we certainly have not misunderstood Gen U’s. intimation,) was well calculated to add to the excitement which unhappily ex isted in Georgia. Was such a course, wo ask. consistent with that respect which is due to the rights of a Sovereign State! Gan it bejustified by the conduct of Gov. T. whatever may be thought of it? ' It was the unfortunate lot of that slate to receive on another occasion an indignity like this. We had hoped that the same thing would not have again occurred to her or to. any other state. While under the impression that Gon. Gaines’s remark was gratuitous, wc were disposed to think he had erred in this respect. But as soon as the correspon dence in full reached us, we saw that it was the most delicate course his orders left him to pursue, and were prompt so to express ourselves. The period however is not dis tant when all the circumstances connected with this-transaction will be fully before the grandiuquest of the Nation. The Na tional Journal has endeavored to soften down t his matter, and refers to the letter of the Chief Clerk tn tho war office to Gov.T- to show that “ it is evidently neither a for bidding nor a menacebut “ it is a friendly notification that the. government, of Geor gia is not to rely upon the Genejal Govern ment in any rash measures to wkich it may have recourse." This letter lisa been re cently published. Upon rc-forcnce to it, it will be found u new made of giving a friend ly notification. The attack upon us in the National Jour- ual is not unexpected ; nor are we disap pointed in the disengenous and illiberal spirit in whicn it is made. Whoever utters a sentiment the least offensive to the mas ters of that servile press, is sure to draw up- •ott himself the indignation of its Editors, and of a corps of pensioned writers who bask in the sunshine of court favor ; always ready and alert to do whatever may be thought acceptable. We have for a long time seen thetendency ofthe Federal Government to consolidation. The rights afthe states are becoming less vmierutcd every day; and there fo unfortunately an increasing dispo sition among the people, to acquiesce in whatever may be doneby that government. Whether the power to do a particular thing or not be granted in the constitution it is sufficient thnt Congress have thought pro per tv exercise it, or that the Judiciary have deemed it necessary. In the remarks we made on tho Georgia controversy, we gave utterance to several reflections on this ten dency of the government. It did appear to us that no mutter what had been the tem per displayed by the constituted authorities of that state, a disposition had been mani fested, uncourtcous towards a stale, if not regardless ofits rights. The gratuitous in suit, offered the Governor and Legislature hy a Clerk attached to the War Office, and sent on a special duty to thnt State ; the in structions which we believed had been given to Gen. Gaines to prevent the sur veys ; the whole spirit displayed towards the state, by some ofthe officers ofthe U. States, and the hue and cry raised against her by the pensioned presses in every other stated-all conspired to impress us with a be. lief that Georgia, as a Sovereign State of the Union, hau not experienced that res pect to which she was entitled. The conduct of her Executive officers for the time has nothing to do with what is due to her ae a state. ' If great excitement had been shown by those temporarily in autho- pute; but ifthoy are permitted to muli 1| ,|!.' if clerks and agents from Wanking to be permitted when sent into the steles to insult and abuse the authorities of tl slates; all respect will be Bonn | 08 t' those authorites, both by the peoiw ,, i the whole tribe of U. S. Officers. iniii„ r '„ and civil. The catastrophe which Put r ,Jt Henry, ond the illustrious sages thought with him, so much dreaded, cannot be distant, when these things become off,, piiliar occurrence. It was under impressions like these » ther than from any hostility to the n r J st .J administration or bias in favor ofthe outho rities of Georgia on the main question that we made the remarks which have prm ( .s so offensive. So long us we conduct a t' rr » press, in the absence of a Sedition Latv shnll never want the independence to p/ press our opinions, and to sound the alarm when wc think the danger is opproachinv When sustaining t he rights ofthe people m are alike regardless of the noise of court flies or of humbler insects. But the insinuation of tho writers far ih c Journal that wo have given a partial account ofthe origin ofthe controversy, is eim . temptible as the miserable quibbles to which they have resorted in giving to our words a meaning never intended. We did nut consider it at all material to go into a long account of Indian treuties. &<*. The ces” aioiKof land procured by the U. S. for Geor gia have been considerable; and solar, an- execution of the agreement. But it had not been fully executed—and prior to tha last winter. Georgia wps in the HRinc situu- lion as to the removal of the Indians as she was in 1802. If the writers in the Journal will consult the whole tenor of what we have said upm this subject from the beginning, they wi'l find thnt our remarks have had two distinct objects : 1. Briefly to inform our readers of what lmd- been done, and of what was daily passing — IVe have endeavored to state thf grounds of dissatisfaction substantially as they have been set forth by Georgia. If we omitted any tiling matcriul it was a statement of what the l nitecl States h-d done in fulfilment of their contract* as made out by Mr. Calhoun in March, However s'rung that document was, it was followed by further sjfortt on the part of the U. S. to complete their engagements which terminated in the late treaty beyond vtli.uh we need not have gone. Out of this treaty, we repeat all tht present diflicultv arir.-s, and in relation to which «.eorgia complains of the conduct of U 8. Officers, 2 Our second object has beendo show the impropriety of harsh measures either on the part of Georgia or the U. 8.—And under this head we have not failed to comment on these whose conduct overstepped the bounds ofdu. ty or propriety. This article is already too long; and we must deter until our next, any further notice ofthe writers of the Journal. We canliaie no motive to mis t ad the public on this or an* other subject. And if in the professedly brief summary we gave, wc' omitted represent;* tons which others deem important, it is tin* charitab e to irhpute it to design, or impro per bias. If we have any bias it Is in favor of th* people, and ofthe rights of the S**fcs. The Editors of the National I.itel'igcnct** copied into their paper alt. our cmarks of the 9th inst. except those which related to the ac cumulation ofdangerous power in the hands of the government and the fe.irs to be ap prehended therefrom to the soter-ignties o| the states. Of what th y did copy they w. re pleased to say that they believed it “to be correct;” anil that it proceeded from * un au thority a9 honest as it is inte ligent.” For this they have been as roundly rated in the guv* eminent paper as we have Can every th njj be right where all this sensitiveness is fi*ld— Is it not manifest that certain persons are de termined, if possible, to exert a control over the^rcM, and through it. over public opinion? The servility of that great engine is required to be absolute and unconditional Thisimmt the fir-t time that attempts ha\e been maiie to make the editors of tha paper feel that Ihe sligh est aberration; that the least exercise of independent opinion cannot be toU-iatt d.— If a servility as humiliating as it is a ject be no required of them why has the gwernnint paper opened its batteries upon them? Why did it not content itself with a mere c<jnc> tion ofthe errors into which it supposed wc “had run?” And if the re-publication of trea ties documents, reports, &c 4 be nece^vy w enlighten the public mind tbeii publication would answer better than vituptration of abuse Inconclusion we must repeat thattlm state of information before the public dors not un able us to form a definitive opinion upon the difleient points involved in the matter. Wc have expressed our impressions ofthe temper displayed by Gov. T. of the indecorum of Major Andrew’s letter; of ‘he claim which Georgia as a State has, both to the justice of the U. S. and to their respect and the respect of their Agents; ofthe measure of justice wc are bound by every principle of honor hm* humanity to mete out to a dependant tribe •*’ Indians. ?\nd if the evidence yet to be dis closed shal change any of these imprisslnui (and in some respects w'e trust it may) ve shall be reluctant in avowing it. The Hepor:® f the Georgia Commissioners in our last am. he letter of General Gaines, have as yefi* caped animadversion. They throw more mys tery and difficulty around the subject Tw Reports make new complaints of the l’. Agents and the letter of the General shows that he has bflfei throw ofT the balance ot equanimity, which he had before maintained with so much dignity. The conflict of tesu* mony and of assertion and counter as<t*rtit.’"> seems to thicken upon us. The actors w these scenes have dealt so much in pers*»ns*j' ties and given way so much to prejudice*' 11 ’ feeling, that it is impossible to kn w statement to believe and what to disbelief Richmond Knqvi^' AN APPEAL TO TliE PEOPLE OF THE U.W" \ STATES. f in such a manner asnot to amount to on! rity. wasit not produced by what wascon “ cni riiBchment, hostility, or imposition.”—! siuered (however erroneously) t comhint- But that there might be no pretext for dis-, tion of aggravating circumstances? Hea- satistiiclion, application was made fur the | vy complaints were made againBt the Indi- ennsent of the Indians who made the ces-, au Agent; a solemn appeal was made to sinn ; and it was granted freely and fully, the government for his removal, as essenti- as Ihe authorities of Georgia understood.' al to the interests of Georgia and of the U- It is then upon thin double authority, as he States; a Special Agent was sent to enquire conceives, that Gov. T. insists upon the into these complaints; he was asked to sus- rigltt to make the surveys. On the other pend the accused -pending the investigaton, hand, ilia contended that under the terms and in yielding to this reasonable request, however, on which it is impossible, in the ~ “ .We know nothing certain as to the re-'of the ireoiy, no rights whatever arevest- ho forfeits the respect due to a member of prqaont itslo ol fagta bcforo'the public, te lativeetrength of tbo parties or the gradoa ed in Georgia until Sept. 1828 ;■ that any tho Union, aud writes a latter without ex,- BV A GEORGIAN. \ NO. VII. , . In my lasl I stated that if the blood o citizen ofthi State of Georgia ' through the Orders of tho General uov ment, we might consider in the the Irish patriot pur “ sentence aa' b 01 '% forever." It would be bondage wrew we tamely submitted to it. I do not a ^ that our government tq prepared re duce us to the situation ip which unnsm Ireland is held by her oppW ssors ' ij from the conduct ofits Special Age" 1 ’ its Generals, it would appear that " he hold'much in the same light, anti iu |U- romplaints and remonstrances ol . thoritiea Ere considered of the so m taoc4 m those of that moll d'8 r *