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By William II. Bullocli, ATT AND COUNTT PRINTER) And puMkhcr of too Lawn of the Uu Duvr Pun, Pa/able Mml-aaauatijr in adrmce. CxtfcT Pun, IbraU *o«tlu...........'..Sb Tw Wimr Pun, per him.... Tri-WutiTPuu, for el* moatlu Wncu Putt, per urn* ...Tkrt« AapejrsNolftttvMCtt. • muniuhti 'd inerted alike amal rate*. m dUeonnamoATMMSMNi- jftlho flfNitmiflkHSwri -rr • .v.v ., And House of Repntentktivcs: " The measure* to which U U my. duty to direct your attention are Aw and obvious. Thoy shall be remedial of defects in existing laws, or sugges tive of a new policy. The presentw6de of taxation rests upon the ac cumulated legislation of naarly half or a centu ry. amid all the vaiyinfciituinstances of its peri- •dfeaT seapensioa* and revivals, chango of our naufcttaUe stubs. increase of population, and nnlugeatemt of territorial rights. The profusion of taws on this subject has made their execution embarrassing and doubtful. Within one-third of tho entire area of tho 8tate, the classifications of the quality of the soO, with specific discriminations in the tax on each, amount to at least sixty. Kvon ceantiej arc subdivided into a sends of classifica tions in this respect, which are not authorised by die value of the freehold or ita productions. Ge ographical points constituting limits to which ceri tain rates of taxation shall extend, and where oth ers begin, are designated by names that are gener ally unknown ana almost forgotten. Sometimes Tague language is employed as descriptive of the quality and position ortho freehold. Nor is it less w he noticed that that portion of real property in the State, lying northwest of the Cherokee fine, as described in tho tax act of 1828, is assessed in definitely, certainly without that precision as to varieties of soil and specification ns to rates of tax ation which obtain in other portions of tho State. .These imperfections require correction. Whilst tn the act of amending our systen of tax ation, the conclusion must be rivgtted on evory mind by a candid examination nnd comparison of all Its parts, that It Is unequal atid unjust. Proofs will bo abundantly furnished, by considering the price or productiveness of lands, irrespective pf culture or staples, in dilferent parts of the State, audthe wide difference in tho rates at which they are now assessod. Equality of public burthen*, cr at best its approximation, is an essential part of justice, and should he constantly in view in per forming the task of revising the tax laws so us to tuako them simple and tiuilonn. The plan proposed to the last General Assem bly appeared to Iks worthy of trial and without per il to the pnblic interest. ' It was intended to bo tho first in a series of measures that were to lend fi nally and safely to the adoption of the ail valorem plan of taxation. Hence, a leading interest—tho freehold—was selected as exhibiting the most per plexing detailsand grossest inequalities in taxation. The immediate adoption of the plan of raising revenue by tho valuation of property liable to be taxed, is objectionable for the want of statistical information, and excludes thq presumption or even probability that a rate could he fixed on by which the exactor even proximate amount of rev enue would be raised. On tho one haud; o dofi- • enejr would jeopardize public credit, and on the other, an excess might awaken popular Acting, al ways and properly active against unnecessary bur thens. Accordingly, I respectfully renew substan tially the recommendation referred to.iifid indulge the hope tbatit may be adopted. It is not oxpected or designed to increase tho public burthens, but to equalize and simplify our system of taxation. 1 therefore suggest that the entire landed estate nnd ... fotmuotolhes gont creditors than a source of BiWSBSSf ‘omen, tho patient and IqdaK State, cannot be otherwise it, whh$i will be im die firin' ..id by contract fbr tho 'payment f not A suit has been commenced on R. Anderson, late Cuslticr of the L -- Darien Bank at M illcdgevjllo, and his Bccuntio* in the counter of Greene, and a veriUet, was lately ilssecm -- - • •• • x tho bond or J.ItS therolbre rMO«rt(bU/ ftrppoeed lie Branch of tho milUmbo di.bnndedbj « iu.pcn.um of the ml - Cluj, wht pwards. Tho defend- the improvements thereon, shall be tnxcdataccr- , „. r „ t „ r _„ r ... tain rate on its valuation, to be rettyrued on tiio J dituro was that it should be economically ap< nrtlh nf ihn IVnnhiiMan tv.tlv ' eHnniR«eli>..,j nC- ■» «l._ ...... ...... n C ,1... Qi..i. Ii „ _ rest oh tho sterl ing bonds. Additionally,-it might be rognrdod ns an alarming incident, If tbb 'bdqda, plcdgod to them as a security for their advances to the state, and oxcooding.too amount of these advances a- bout £39,500 should be put afloat bn tire market. Tho established Integrity of this firm, howevor, is KjWhpof nW Ybrk, strengthori this opinion l itf‘ttvo'bommhnicatlons urider dates of the 8th September, nnd tho 20th ultima, lit which they suggest that ftinds inny be placed In New York ? and paid over oh the delivery of tlio bonds. The plan suggested would be a great convene enno to the Stnto by changing tho place of pay ment, and for whlcn ndoqnnte concessions should bo raqde hy allowing a liberal rnto ofexchnnge and interest tor the customary period for the trans- mission of funds to London. I therefore recom mend an alteration of the sixth section of the Ac | or 1843 on this subject, which provides for annual payments on this debt by the unappropriated bal ances in tbo Treasury? nnd in case of a deficiency, then by loan, so as to discharge tho spQcinc In*, stalmonts. The change proposed contemplates that this debt should be immediately paid irrespec tive of the appropriations to be inado by too.pre sent Legislature: and in case of deficiency of means in the Treasury, that then it may be sup plied by a loan. But it is not supposed that such u deficiency will exist, ns tho surplus nnd accruing means of too Treasury are deemed fltlly ade quate to pay all nocossafy appropriations, nnd Inis debt. Tho proposed alteration ouly transposes the objects Tor which tho loin may ho authorized, und has been suggested so as to meet every contin gency, nnd particularly to bring to an early con clusion this old and perplexing transaction. The amount or £15,000, heretofore mentioned as having been sold by Reid, Irving & Co., hears an interest of five per cent., payable in London, but exceeding the rata of six per cent, when an es timate is made of the price ut which the bonds were sold—tho difference of oxchango between this country nnd Europe, and the commissions to our agent* in London. In every view it is impor tant that they should ho redeemed at tho oarlieast moment. For this purpose it is respectfully sub mitted tout the Governor l>o authorized to leffecta loan, not exceeding the necessary sum for their re demption, payable ill five years, or sooner at the discretion of the Executive', nnd hearing an inter est of seven per cent per annum. It may he proper to limit the maximum amount to be paid so as not to exceed ninety per cent, of tho nominal vnluo of tho bonds—being that which was or- igiually advanced oil them, nnd about five per cent more than was paid hy the present linjdors. This arrungemniit of course can only ho effected hy tho consent of those now holding this class of bonds, which it is supposed can he obtained. So loug as there be n single debt duu hy the State, I earnestly recommend tlmt every unappro priated balance in tho Treasury that may hereaf ter exist,'bo constituted as a sinking fund appli cable to the redemption of tho public debt, nnd tlmt the Governorbe authorized to uso it cither in the payment of liabilities thnt may he due, ortho purchase ofstich ns may be innmrkot; with the restriction that thoir nominal value should not he exceeded. Shortly nfler entering upon tho duties of tho Executive otlice, I was required to continue op erations on the Western nnd Atlantic Rail* Rond. The means placed at my disposal were tho unexpended Imlunce of $270,000, in six per cent bonds of the Stute, which at the time were atn discount of 25 per cent., but gradually rose in two years within six to eight per cent of par. The principal limitation placed upon its expert- Also, another .utt in- edegelluUhcxomo to-or sum may oath of toe freeholders, with specifications of' quantity, litaation in respect to counties, and qual ity; the latter to be divided into and designated as swamp, oak and hickory, and pine. It is believed thnt a tax of one-tenth of one per cent., or ten cents on every hundred dollars of the value of too im) WWW <unl lb* liuinutbun.ina, ttltli the mhci tea of income, would raise a revenue equal • wants of toe government. This estimate is pliod to the uses of the Railway of the State. It was manifest tiint cither in tho side of tho bonds or making contracts for work to be performed on thu road, au abatement equal to the amount of tho discount on the nominal value of the bonds, must have been conceded on the part of the State. •1*110 pluu uf ly pollicimlug Uiu bonds for ml. valu es made on them, and the making tho con tracts imyuhle in specie or its equivalent, appeared ■u A _ j .... ... , ,. . ' , j r— * ..y w. >wH.q | hiiiii .na iu um iimix itiim <iiiu »«* nriiwul pledged, by discriminating between the real estate of cities, | well as the amounts advanced. So fur tho anti- towns and villages, and that of the couutiy. If I ciputcd effect has been realised both in respect to ■Ilrt<H~HHMmlnie. na l.n,naa n.pn.1 , n llm I- - . I ■ c . I ..... a . ■ discrimination be carried even to die extent of one hundred per cent, beyond the indicated rate, it would still be a reduction of the taxes of those re siding or owning freeholds in toe former places. To guard against evasions and imperfect returns, suitable penalties should be provided, so ns to en sure a full and fiur experiment of the plan. • In deed, morertringentenactinentaare recommended, os tn my opinion being absolutely necessary to give effect to toe provisions of too tax laws to the end that they may be universally enforced. The period Is. auspicious for tho beginning of th« nrnnn«i>rj gyvtom of taxation, that promise.*! in the end, equality among nil interests. The ox- cess of revenue ot the present, over toe lost year, a mo ants to too sum of $12,000. Tho surplus in the Treasury, after defraying alt charges against it, will exceed $20,000. The balance of the debt nf Messrs. Reid, Irving & Co., is redneed to an amount which this surplus, added to $50,000 re quired to be paid by the act of 1843, and payable out of toe income of toe present year, will entire ly extinguish. Yet, amidst the prosperous condi tion of onr fiscal affairs, n reduction of tuxes can-, not be safely made. After exhausting all the n- vailable moons of the Central Ilaiik, still an esti mated deficit exceeding $200,000 of its bonds will romuin unpaid, and for which the State is liable and should promptly pay. Moreover, fifteen thousand (rounds ofsterling bonds, ore outstand ing, which were sold by Bless. Reid, Irving &. Co. under their agreement with the State, ami which it is important should be redeemed at toe curliest convenience of the State. In view of these lia bilities, it is not perceived that any surplus will be in the Treasury at the end of toe next two years, nnless the military claims on toe United States should be paid, and the Bank Stock owned by toe State, but solemnly pledged ns a fund for toe ed ucation of toe poor, should bo sold. Even then a high,duty wul remain to be performed—tlmt of preserving jmbbe credit in its honorable ppsition, bjr fit. creation or unking loud for Uio rcdomii- tion .of toe public debt The .public debt of toe State, as generally un derstood, consists of bonds issued at this depart ment for the construction of die Westerii and Atlantic Railway. At this timo its' uggregnto amount may Uo stated tube $1,579,875 «0; of w hich $1,4115,250 are in Fedurnl Bonds payable at the Treasury, £16,000 in sterling bonds sold by Mewrs. ltoid, Jnrjng A Co., previous to 1343, and £15,130 06. idso in sterling bonds, as a balance due to*thif firm for their advances made to the State in 1839. The sCini-onimal divi dends of interest us well ns tita principal of too sterling bonds ore payable in London. For more dotailed information ns to tho periods when all these bonds were issued, their respec tive amounts, and other particulars, I beg leave respectfully to refer you to a tabular statement compiled by the Financial Committee of the last year, und appended to their report; copies of • which will be early laid before you. It should be ufwerved thst in arriving at the aggregate amount of the public debt, 1 oMiimed the same basis thnt was adopted by the Finan cial Committee, in estimating the value of the pound sterling, which was at four dollars nnd eighty cents—and the reported hnliiuce of tho last semi-animal account reudered by Reid, Ir ving & Co., on tiie 2Uth March of the present year. Within toe last four years the aggregate rnents made in extinguishment of thu public debt, or more particularly the debt of Reid, Irving & Co., long since doe, amount to $301,591. Sinco your Inst assemblage, tho sum of $201,591 have been paid. The amount of sterling bonds re* deemed during toe fiscal year just ended, Is £33, 000. Thayhavo been rebelved ut tins Depart ment and are cancelled. Tim coupons for tho March and September dividends of interest, have not been received, although the necessary ftmds have boon long since forwarded to Loudon for their payment. The Account of,Messrs. Reid, Irving at, Co., already mentioned, states the t ceipt of the Interest toit Was due in March lost. When it wa* ascertained that thd sUrphiH meant of toe Treasury would anthoriftb an additional payment to the amount of $20.000und upwards,us u limber reduction of toe debt - due to Reidi Ir ving & Co., too uecesstry inquiry was timdo for toe purpose of exchange on London. About tho same time toe unwelcome intelligence of their future reached tills country, which arrested the the cheapness of the contracts in behalf of too Road, and a gradual advancement in the value of tho bonds. A (urge amount of them is still en cumbered by the terms of the original hypotheca tion. tn soma instances banking institutions which hud mndo advances, and held bonds ex ceeding tho uinount of such advances, required thnt they should be redeemed. In one emergency of this kind I was enablud to transfer from the Bank of Charleston to the Banks in Suvnunah the sum of $75,000—the latter having kindly given their aid by making advances and accepting bonds on the terms that they were held l»y tho Bunk of Charleston. In other instances I availed myself of the funds of tho Trensuiy, which wore not immediately wautedfor public uso. My pur pose was to sustain public credit at every haznrd, and not permit these public securities to be ex posed to a compulsory snle. The amount thus drawn from the Trousury, covered in part a trans action of my immediate predecessor with the Georgia Rail Rond and Banking Company, in which $2(J,()U0, bearing uu interest of eight per cent were involved. The bonds ro redeemed were placed in the Treasury or under its control, with the direction that they should be sold for their parvulue. They have since been sold in this place and Augusta, und the Treasury has been fully 1 reimbursed. The amount disposed of at par exceeded that which wusudvanccdfroui the Treasury; tho remainder being loss than $20,000, was sold ut a discount varyiugfrom one to two per cent. This loss of course fell on the Railroucf, was easily borne hy the accumulating interest on the bonds, ami is comparatively small to that which would have re sulted from a forced sale. Another advantage has been derived from this operation, which is the ex trication of bonds oflarge amount exceeding tho advances made on them when hypothecated.— These have been applied to a debt of long stand ing to the Georgiu Railroad und Bunking Compa ny. The means used to sustaiu these securities and avert from the Railroad of the State serious injury by a diminution of its assets, were fully detailed to tiie Financial Committee, which assembled in tliis plaCo last'year—its motive and necessity were then oxplaittud—tiint I considered the bonds thus redeemed oastaimueh money in tho Treasury, and would be immediately converted into ensh when ever tiie public vrante required thoir sale or even sacrifice—and toot in either event their destiny would be as safe in toe-hands of the authorities of the State os under nn auctioneer’s hammer. Its end realized my expectation. The Treasury has suffered no sacrifice—tiie public creditor has en countered no douiulordcluy. The report of toe Treasury mndo to this de- f tartirtent in compliance with the act of 1843, ex- obits its available means on hnnd to bo'$03,546 59. Of this amount $10,303 59, consisting of on Ih.lr bond In hi. j be recovered by tiie action pen ding in 'Greene county, will bo n part of the ro- sources of toe Darieu Bank and distributable a- mong its creditors. Tho amount that may. be re covered anil paid will, to that extent diinmWi toe liability of too 8tate as a stockholder. .Of this li ability, I have spoken by my message to tho last Legislature. Tho opinion then expressed, is un- changed-, it waa oxpected that after.the great de lay, tooro would be Impatience on the port of, too crodifofs. Representations have been raanq hy, some of them, complaining of toe hardships that have been suffered and tho indulging the hope of their early alleviation. AD aqch documents, and indeed an of every kind pertaining to the Darien Bank, have beeu placed under toe care of thq Di rector of too Control Bank, with too direction that they should either be reported to, or await too call of toe Legislature. „ _ • During hist year, the sum of $17,494 03, was received on account of too military claims against tho United States. Tho objects to which it was applied aro stated in an account in this Depart ment, with too State, with the proper vouchers. The delay which attonded tho re-payment of cer tain advances thnt were mndo from toe Treaiuiy during too lost year, for too transportation, sub sistence nnd clothing, of tho regiment required for the Mexican war.gavo no hope tlmt a correspond ence would hnsteii tho payment of thoso claims. Whilst urging the re*pnyinout of the advances then rccoutlv made, I took occasion to call the attention of the Secretary at War to what ho aptly calls in one of his letters the “old claims’' of the State. Indeed, toe appreheuaiou was- foil that the new might fall into the same difficulty of the old claims. ft is proper that 1 should add, that the payment above mentioned was rnado without additional ev idence, and it is supposed that a more liberal spirit of justice nnd equity than heretofore, was brought to tho examination of thoso claims. The difficul ties attending their liquidation, nnd adverted to in my message to tiie Inst Legislature, will constantly arise. So long ns the Department at Washington adheres to tho rigid rules that have been adopted, the 10 claims may bo considered ns postponed iu their paymont. Additional legislation ill relation to them, by Congress, is doomed necessary, and may probably bo obtained by your urgent remon strance against further delay iu thu puyinout of these old claims. During tho past summer, from representations made to mo. a number of executions were order ed to be issued against certain Batiks for taxes due to the State. In the absence of every kind ofev- idence tlmt ought to have been found in the office of the Comptroller General, confidence was re posed in tho statemeut then mutle. This was strengthened after reliable information hnd been received, tlmt an execution had somo years ago been issued against thu Insurance Bank of Co lumbus, but returned iu consequence of some ir regularity as to theolficor by whom it issued.— The paramount lien created hy tho tax law of 1804 Ims brought in contiict tiie State and Blr. James llollord, a creditor of tho Insurance Bunk of Columbus. The issue between them involved many facts, asserted on toe ono hand and donied on the other. I was reluctant to decido between the parties, und at my request too question wus reserved for your decision. In thu mcniitimo it wus agreed Unit no steps should be taken to en- forco the paymuut of thoir respective claims. I submit herewith copies of the correspondence and contract with Mr. Daniel BIcDougnld, us well as the correspondence) of the councel of Blr. IIol- ford. The evidence submitted is voluminous,and deposited in this pepartmeut. It awuits the call ofthe Legislature. It is believed tlmt a largo quantity of land in this 8tate has never been surveyed; and if surveyed, many lots have been omitted to be disposed of by lottury or otherwise. Some attempts have been made to grant lots of the luttcr class,but on reach ing tliis Department, tho grants huvo boon stopp ed, on tho ulleged and obvious reason tlmt they Imd not reverted, uud were always the property ofthe Stute. I again recommend tlmt all thu uu- granted luudsacquired since tho year 1820,except cit j and town commons tlmt have been legally re served, be sold tinder tho direction of a Commis sioner appointed for tlmt purpose, who shall give bond, with ample security, lor tooTaithftil per formance of his duties, which will be prescribed by you, and that he be allowed n certain per cent- ago on tho amount of solus inado by him. The nett proceeds of the sales may advantageously form a part ofthe sinking fund for tho redemp tion of tho public dubt. Tho Supremo Court, whose o^lahlishmont was so long of questionable utility, in tho opinion of several Legislatures, has realized to the fullest extent the expectations of its most steadfast ad vocates. Its usefulness has proven its necessity. It is reforming thp irregularities necessarily inci dent to the old system of judicature, hy impress ing the stamp of uniformity on idl of its decisions. Throughout our limits tho rule is or can lie made the same, whether in reference to person or pro perty, crime or contract. Its organization, it is respectfully suggested, is defective iu respect to tho places where its sessions are now held, and disbanded by a •usponsion or Ibenii • ns to thom^-tknt this suspension shall until a necessity for their, revival shall vliich shall bo judged oft too Commnnder- if, and that he bb ian, and it lion tho propertejRgprg,. An a substitute, it is recoWtnendid] that Vol- other public duties, and ‘tho distribution of arms from tho public abmuitis. Tho 'conntios in which no .voluuteor companies exist should ho preferred in the alh>ttpe«tof arm*, to the. end tlmt tho plui ns nrpposod may. be. universally, adopted; By it u military force will proliabljr be organized for iuiuiodiato action, and amount to at least seven thousand effective men. Additional bncouragdinent would be given^ na \yell as a broader military education acquired by providing that whoa a number of volunteer companies may form themselves into battailous, regiments, bri gade or divisions, they indy fie authorized to op- point the appropriate* officers in’ Conformity to too existing ta\r« of too'State. This would lead to encamptnonts, in which it is thought that too. education of the soldier Is much advanced. Tho eiumerationorthe militia of tliis 8tate is palpably defective. Without interfering with too plan wide! has been proposed, it may bo mndo more accurate through the agency of the Justices of the Peace, who, in addition to the duty now re quired of from, to deliver to the Receivers of Tax Returns, lists of persons subject to be taxed iu their respectivo districts respectively, should also bo re quired to reular oilier lists of nersous liable to S orfonn military duty. These fists, ufter being uly certified, should be transmitted to too Execu tive Department, uud under tho supervision of tho Governor consolidated, os to counties, brigudes or divisions, and forwarded to the Adjutant Guu< oral of tho army of too United States. For this son-ice, suitable compensation should be given to tiie Justices not exceeding the rates allowod to those' enguged in taking tho last census, for every soldier enrolled. It is further suggested that tho enumeration according to too proposed mode may he required to be made only at tiie end of every fourth successive year. In toe month of Blay of the Inst year, the President ofthe Uuitcd States made a requisition on Georgia, fora rogiincnt of infantry of volun teers, to aid iu the prosecution ofthe war with Blexico, and to servo for twclvo months, unless diffietiUy in toe tale of bonds of that ch wore ordered by the lost Legislature. — report of toe Chler Engineer haTbcen ordered to be printed and laid before yon.; Jn P ‘ rti,ll T»jimm ( y i E °fe:, r h “ M'nu to tive fideMty and'-protnptitudo with which atfSe prteent time exists tyito toe General Post Office De^hrtment for toe transpor tation of the mall it on* hundred dollars per mile ppr annum. This contractwill endtett the first of December next I was unwilling to conclude oh agreement that would run through a period offour years without toe authority of toe Legislature.— In ynbmitting this subject to ronr consideration,- ! •* , °uhl remark that the Post Mnster General has recently'proposed an alteration in tho mail-schcd- ula ou.tho .State i sponded to. A force exceeding that which quired was voluntarily tendered. In less than n mouth after the call was made, the regiment wns organized and immediately marched to Mexico. After fulfilling tiie terms o’f their enrolment, and performing all tlmt may become soldiers, they were honorably discharged. During tho past spring another requisition came from tho sumo source fora battalion ofin- funtry of volunteers, which I regret to say, has not been so promptly raised. This delay, may ill port bo attributed to the recruiting establish ments in many sections of the State, where on * • of too taxes ofthe present year and the poor school fund, ure apart of tho resources ofthe Treasury, uud applicable to the wants of the government for tiie fiscal year just commenced. To the lust mentioned sum may be added that of $24,559, be ing tiie estimutod amount tliut will be required to meet the undrawn bnlauce of the specific appro priations. The unappropriated balance in tho Treasury may he estimated to exceed $‘20,000. Tho report of the Treasury also shows that tho specific funds, placed, in some respects under Ex ecutive dohtrol, have not been exhausted in uny .Instance. Tho contingent funds ofthe last two years were bnrthened with tho payment of $(»,- 000 on account of a subscription authorized to bo made for Cobb's Analysis. The securities of a late defaulting Treasurer of the State have been twicosued, but in neither case lias any portion of the amount reported as ab stracted from the Treasury,' been recovered.— Whilst Ids defalcation is cCrtaiu to somo amount a recovery has been prevented, by a wuntof proof as to ton timo 1 when it bcedr/od. After suing two of his bonds without succoss, itbecaiue man ifest tlmt the fcamd difficulty would occur in rela- s tion to tiie others, nnd hotted't'doomed -it proper tod&jst'.' The 'amount thhs abstracted from tiie Treasury; und reported to. bo , about ‘$20,000, may bo considered a total lo's? to toe State. The sum of $9,090 and upwards.wu* iecqvy'red by the hist suit, being too amount of taxqs paid by certain banks, which ho hud not Amounted for,, .and did not coinpdse any portibu of his reported dufulcu- tick. , i < n/./ji > / u should bo ultcrcd by designating five plnccx only which aro easily accessible, tnma nf tl..* , Tho forco of tins suggestion will probably bo appreciated, hy con sidering tho great and increasing label’s of tiie Judges, which they uro required to perform With promptitude, without siiperadding Uio fatigue’of tirdlinila lotirtlina In inemivniimiit arduous journies to inconvenient points. Tho restriction on tiie Reporter, by forbidding him to practice iu tho Courts of tiie State, may, iu my. opinion, bo removed, ns its justicu or necessity is not perceived. In somo of the Courts elsewhere, of liko powers, tliis interdict does .not exist. The reporter 1ms furnished the required number of report*, which await the direction ofthe Legislature. I recommend their distribution to the several States, from which this State has received many similar proofs of klud- ness and liberality. As connected with the judicial term of office, some cinbnrruxsnieut bus ulready arisen, and may hereafter arise. In my opinion, tho Constitution fixes tiie term of office according to tho calendur, and not political or fiscal year. Tho date when toe officer is qualified is the beginning of bis official term; but before its expiration a successor is frequently appointed. In such case the Gov ernor can issue a commission only after tiie ono, immediately preceding, lias expired. In paying the salaries of the Judges of tho S-n S reme Court, during toe Inst fiscal year, it waa iscoverod tlmt thoir commissions issued on the 24th December, 1845, about fifty days after the beginning ofthe fiscal yenr; nnd the act of appro priation declared thoir salnrios to he tho same us in the present year. The Constitution also de clares tlmt their salaries shall be adequate to their services, established by law. In tliis conflict I deemed it proper to issue warrants on the Trea sury reckoning only from the time when thoy were qualified and commissioned, and not from the commencement of tho fiscal year of 1345. If In this, there bo error, you will doubtless avail yourselves ofthe earliest occasion to correct it.— 1, however, will not omit to remark, that accord ing to, the Constitution, their commissions will notecase until the two, four and six years, men tioned therein, ahull Imvo fully expired; and though performing duties after other tiscul yours lmvo commenced, still they will be entitled to and re ceive tiie prescribed salaries. Indeed, it is only a question ns to time, when tiie fraction of n quar ter’s salary is to be paid—either before or after the required judicial services have beeu reuderud. Tho Honorable Judge of too Ocmulgee Circuit has, in compliance with tho duty required of him, suggested u modification of tho penal code. The language of tho penal code descriptive ofthe pun ishment of a certain offence is indefinite, and tiie various constructions in different judicial districts suggest tho propriety of amending this defect.— Copies of his letter ure laid before you. The general disuse into which too militia laws of the State have Alien, nnd the ninny ineffectual effort* inado to revive niulonforco them, may pro perly presont tiie question whether they should not be suspended; and tlmt inducements be offer ed for the formation of volunteer corps. A reluc- taut and compulsory service contrasts feebly with tlmt which is voluntary and energetic. The ne cessity of a military police in coretiii localities has been so apparent, us to lead to the organization of volunteer companies, irrespective of too militia. The adopted plait of prosecuting too existing war with Blexico, it independent ol* to* militia os con- tradistingnlshod from volunteers, and it is presum ed that this plan will be continued. Indeed, it may bo affirmed os true, that the practical operation of 6ur inilitniy system, especially of that portion which requires a compulsory service, has furnish ed but meagre proof of ita fitucss to impurt the customary qualification of a soldier, or even to a certain the effective military strength of the State. sooner discharged by tho authorities at Washing ton. Tho appeal Uieu made was promptly re sponded to. A force exceeding that which was re- unequal competition existed in cotisequonco of (lie bounties paid to recruits by officers of the army of the United States. This State hnving departure of .tiie core from -Atlanta at half past twelvoVdocK In too _duy. IU effect will be to 1 shouldnot omit to observe that the proposition made by toe Georgia to those of Florid Vie line eastward to thehighesi ctpal branch ofthe St tributaries accuuhiUto S crmanent flow iti i Vr ' accepted—wtluld A the necessary steps ti ary accordingly. In every aspe every aspect __. versy, prudence and mand its early settlement. .1 *307,-/78 80; lo whidl —f*5M0° I0,pra.io n S,X^; ' that he should be P allowed an who, before eutering on the duties „?r MWRuthori* .ml •ecuritvfi^ ty between tfta oontouing SUlc. nUy irtflwonor ^ ifonlfiu I TCSliSn" C ^,id f ano*i^ toed, which comloinplalc. tho Jbe embroiled nuiuty ... .re -■ army of the United States. This State hnving appropriated no funds for tliis purpose, could not reasonably be supposed to boos prompt in action, ns those representing tho Federal Government and provided with grantor facilities. Blorcovcr the service of the volunteer and recruit will prob ably be the same and coiitinuo as long as the war. Notwithstanding tlio existence of these em barrassments, 1 mu - gratified in stating tlmt tiie battalion lias lately been completed, ufter four companies composing it had marched under tiie order of tiie. Federal Government to Blexico. Isaac [G. Seymour, Esq., on tlio 30th of lost month, wus appointed its commander, with tiie rank and title of Lieuteuuut Colonel. The reasons operating on tho Executive nro set forth in tiie order for his appointment, nnd more fully advetted to in tiie instance of Lieutenant Colo- 110I Calhoun, hereafter mentioned. During tlio past summer the President mude ail addition^ requisition for a company of mounted men. As in tiie case ofthe Regiment of infantry, great competition existed.—The selection was made by accepting £ie services of Capt. Loyal!, ofNowtou county, and his. commnud, who first teudpred their services. They ure now in tiie country of the enemy. Shortly afterwards u bat talion of moiiutcd men was required. It wus promptly filled, au4 is now marching under tlio command of Limit. Colonel Calhoun, by Execu tive appointment. It is proper tlmt I should add, thnt this Inst battalion has n supernumerary coni- pnny, owing to some irregularity in the mustering officer, but which at my requost was retained in service by too Sccrefary of War. The exccutivo appointment of Lieut Colonel Calhoun, isudepartirofrom the precedent here tofore established, hit made under the necessity of tlio case. 1 was lotified by tlio mustering oin- cor of the United Stiles, Unit a part of tho battal ion, before it was fully organized, had left tiie State. I had no authority to recall them for tlio purpose of electing a commanding officer. Nor wus it deemed proper that a part should elect for tho wholo. Tho only obstacle encountered wns tho precedent tlmt had been established and uni formly acquisced in- Without this precedent, I should have regarded the legal competency ofthe Executive, under all circumstances, to make tho appointment undor consideration, as oxplicit and unquestionable. In view, therefore, of reconcil ing, iu mv opinion, tliis conflict between usnge and law, 1 recommend when tiie militia or vol unteers are called into servico by tho requisition ofthe Federal Government or otherwise, that tlio Governor bo vested with the authority of appoin ting the field and general officers, according to the force tliut inay be assembled. Following not less inclination than the oxainnlc of other States, it is deemed proper and just that fit testimonials should be awarded to the sons of Georgia who have distinguished themselves by their skill nnd bearing on the sanguinary battle fields in Blexico. The performance of duty, and its appropriate reward, should he inseparable.— Hence I commend these brave men to your care nnd justice. Tho extension nnd early completion of toe Western and Atlantic Railroad may now be com mended with great confidence to your considera tion. The doubts horetofore embarrassing this work of State enterprise nro inergod into its great usefulness and national importnitce. The pro ductions of tho coutitry through which it runs have increased in quantity nnd value. As n neces sary conseouencu the frce-hold interest has felt its quickening influences. Even tiie Troosury hns indirectly received subsidies from it, by reason ofthe constant and earnest enquiry after the reverted lands of the 8tate in its vicinity. Virginia, Tennessee and Alabnmn, in part, have adopted it as tlio most convenient irtodo of reach ing n Southern Atlantic port with their produc tions. By it now commercial relations hove been established, and social intercourse happily pro moted. Tho navigation of some ofthe Western rivers heretofore deemed difficult and almost im practicable has beeu proven by the energy and enterprise which have been awakened by your great work of internal transportation.—Similar works communicating or intended to communi cate with it have boon revived, or started into ex istence. Nor should it be overlooked tiint it is nil important and uecossnry linkin toe chain of inter nal improvement tlmt is to conuect toe Southern Atlantic ports with tho middle valley ofthe Blis- sissippi river. These illustrations nnd inducements urge Georgia forward to the performance of her duty and advancement of her interests. A spneo of less than forty mjtes is her allotted part of this great work. An outlay of $375,000 will com plete her task, and improve a previous expendi-, tore of more than $500,000 tliut are now lying idle and unprofitable. The road for a hundred miles 1ms been finished nnd put into successful operation, when your finances were disordered nnd public credit depressed. These embarrass ments aro now only purtinlly felt. Moreover, Tennessee, at my request, has promptly und lib erally extended your chnrter for the completion of your road within the next twenty-six months. In addition to these, suggestions, I am gratified in laying before you tiie operations of toe road for the last yenrouding ill September last. The total receipts, os reported , by the Chief Engineer, amounted to $39,433 72; and nett profits $37,- 800 93 ; Tho expenses of the last fiscal year, paid Witiiiu this, amount to $0,500 and tiiase of tho present year to 45,453 07. The appropria tion inado by tiie la-t Legislature of 130,000 has been expended with the exception of $23,500.— The sum of $4,500, has been applied to. the re demption of acrip, in compliance with' a remark able provision ofthe act of appropriation of toe Inst General Assembly.. - The unexpended bal ance, just mentioned, is liable to bo reduCod by debts against tiierqad;. though it is reported that after pnyingaUputstsnding liabilities.! still a baL a nee will remain. Tim indebtedness has arisen cause their arrival at Dalton at eight o’clock in the night ( Bin’ll service in the night is usually entitled to a higher compensation than that pertormed in the diiy. The marketable productions of that section of too State, which the railroad pouetrates, and thoso that nro contiguous, are mostly breadstuffs in some form of large bulk, and incapable of bearing too expense of a long transportation, unless tho for eign demand, usually toe effect of scarcity, should enhance the prices. To any great extent, there fore, tiie foreign markets cannot be relied on, un less in toe supposed case of deficiency of food. The most uniform customers will bo found among thoso who ate diversifying the industry ofthe State, by the establishment of manufactories. By increasing tlio number of these, tiie agricultural productions of tlio State will also be increased, nnd iu a great measure consumed ut homo. It is thou respectfully submitted, whether tlio fostering euro and liberality that have been exhibited by tho State oil her works of internal transportation may not be extended to too encouragement and g rowth of tho mechanical arts ? If not insopera- ly* they surety are intimately connected. An in creased amount of freight will enhance tlio vnluo of tho Stato railway, but without a uiurket, neith er railway or agricultural industry can flourish. f Other considerations of equally grave import, cannot foil to nrrest your atteiitiou in connection with the industrial pursuits ofthe State,and toe pol icy if not too necessity of effecting some modifi cations ill them. Tho great defect is too want of diversity in onr labor. It has been concentrated on tho roaring of one great staple, which with the contributions of other States of a like production, lias through a scries of years, so accumulated in the markets of the world, os scarcely to leave to the planter renmneratiiig profits. In tlio mean time nil exhausting system of tillago has rendered tlio soil less productive. Firmly convinced Unit the amount of labor, as now and heretofore direc ted in the State, is generally disproportionate to the otlior industrial processes of life, and its ten dency is to decline and ultimate decay, I would suggest ns a remedy, tiie incorporation of manu facturing companies^ with ihe most liberal char ters. Tiie grant of thoso cannot injuriously af fect other interests, but on the contrary promote them. The charters will be inducements to now investments, and as toev may divert capital nnd labor from otlior umployuicuts. especially from agriculture, to that extent tlio planter will be re moved from a competition that bus been drugging down the price of uis staples. Like all the great works of iutcmnlimprove- moot, tho plan in view contemplates that there should be mint effort and co-operation. A wise policy will awukon too incentive to action, and impose no restraint tout will retard its progress or mar its succoss. An exemption from taxation, or tlio imposition of n small tax for n specified number of years, and also nn exemption of tho privute property of tiie stock-holder from liability for tlio uobts of the company of which ho is u member, would ill my opinion, conduce to tho establishment of extensivo manufactories, nnd a* a consequence give un impulse to all the useful mechanical urts, und their train of attendant bles sings. Of these, in a paper like this, it cun scarce ly bo expected that I should address you at largo, except by suggesting for your consideration, a comparison between those communities, however extended iuto States, Empires or Kingdoms, in which tlio pursuits of labor are so diversified us to supply general wants, aud those which are con fined to the production ofa few rich staples to the neglect of too common necessaries of life—the guiicral effect of that trade, iu which tiie raw ma terials are returned iu manufactured fabrics at in creased prices, varying from two to five hundred per cent.; and un impartial examination of the nat ural advantages ill motive power, climate uud a home market. Nor will this subject in relation to the exemp tion of tiie private property of tlio corporator be dismissed without adverting to the probable effect of such policy. It will he un invitation to foreign and domestic capitalists to invest in manufactur ing companies, and, no fur from inducing an abuse of it, will oporate as a restraint on credit. UnViko the bills of a bank,which pass by delivery, uud for tho time being constitute too holders thereof the creditors of tlio bank, the contracts of manufacturing companies are unsully special and restricted to tlio original parties. The pmdeuco of tiie creditorinsuch instances,generally guards him nguinst injury or loss. As an equivalent for tliis privilege, I recommend that each incorpor ated company be required undor n specific pen alty to givo to each indented apprentice, the op portunity of acquiring, free of expense to the apprentice, too rudiments of nn English educa tion. In tliis aspcc tiie plun is fraught witli phi lanthropy. Our educational system is in somo respects deficient, by reason ofthe sparsenesss of population, and the distance of the pupils from places of instruction. By tiie proposed scheme, classes will be assinbled, nnd tlio facilities of men tal improvement be afforded, without public aid. At the same timo, the apprentices will be accustomed to habit* of industry, so thnt on reaching the end nf thoir apprenticeship, they may go forth furnished with tiie moans of success in life. It is this combination of montid culture and liabits of bodily labor, which hns produced tho most energetic and suc cessful men of the modern age. Socially it is worthy oftrial, if experience inuy bo presumed to teach tlio samo lessons everywhere—individually it teems with promised blessings, as it disarms R overty of wont, nnd rescues ignorance from fol- \ The objection that toe population of manii- factoring districts iu other countries is usually dwarfish and dependant, cannot be supposed to exist with usuulest we overlook the proofs of ex- £ nrieuce in olhor States. Tho nooplo ofthe astern States in which the mechanical arts most ly flourish, are carrying their pursuits into, and impressing in some degreo their opinions on eve ry part of too Union. So far toon from creating a class of depondauts, the reverse may bo affirmed to be true. What condition of life howevor hum ble has not furnished ita quota/ of men, who have illustrated that noithcr ignorance nor poverty can repress the successftil aspirations for wealth or honor 1 Tho genius of our institutions foriiids that man should bo a dopciidaut, when tempted or trained to exercise his oody und mind. A wise forecast, partaking of tho goneral freedom with which we are surrounded, should apply tlio in centive to both. A resolution of tho last General Assembly re quired tho Executive to appoint two commision- cr* on the part of Georgiu to meet such as might be appointed by Florida, for toe purposo of de finitely settling the boundary between the two States, with such restriction u the Governor might deem necessary to impose. The power granted to this Department was extraordinary, and may bo regarded as a strong proof of toe soli citude ofthe Legislature ofthe State, to bring tliis protracted controversy to an early and amicable adjustment. In the execution of this authority it at once appeared that I could not overlook the Constitution of tiie Statu, by which our territorial limits Imd beeu declared. Apart from this con trolling consideration, I was desirous of examin ing the question of right, separated from this re striction, to the end that if the Constitution assert ed n claim to territory inconsistent with tiie one tlmt wus paramount ou tiie purt of Florida, I might then recommend for yonr consideration a reino- vul of tiie obstacle. In respect to tho merits of tliis question as they have presented themselves, after searching with some enro for informaiian which might lead to u correct conclnsion, and thereby reconcile con flicting claims, and avert toe exasperation and strife consequent on a divided jurisdiction be tween sovereign authorities, 1 regret that I cm not prepared to muke such a recommendation.— The claim of Georgia rests firmly I believe, on the treaty made between too United States and fjlpain in 1795, which, it should be remarked,-is concur rent in this respect with the Constitution of this State...*..... • . // b... i - f •' Without re-stating the reasons of this opinion. I beg leave respeetmllj ; to refer you to the in structions which were given to Meters. J. H. Conper and J. Crawford, Commissioners on too part of.Georgia, and their report to this Depart ment, and their correspondence witli the com missioners of Florida. Copies of these ate here- The affair* s of Penitentiary for tlio two last years have been as successfully managed by it* *‘ r ^f® n ^ t e .ffi°* cn t Principal Keeper as they were urirnj toe two years immediately proceeding Un- er his benign yet firm administration, it is believ ed that the goneral good conduct of too convicts may challenge a comparison with thoso that have K receeded it In the direction of their labor ho as been eminently successful. Noihing hn* been drawn from tiie Treasury for -its sup port within two years, but on toe contrary, its nett profita have amounted to $10,573 80. Recurring to the period when he came into of- fico, nearly (four yoars ago, he found the work shops and tools had been lately destroyed by fire.. Their estimated value by hut'oredecessor was placed at $30,000. Thpy have been replaced, and their appraised vnluo fixod at $25,904 30.— For these objects ouly $10,322 57 have beeu drawn from too Treasury. Tho difference be- Treasuiy. Tho difference be tween those last mentioned amounts should pro- nerly constitue a credit to the institution, olse tiie law is without meaning or effect, which declares that when work is done for tiie State by the con victs, it shall so be charged; or thatwhicli is equal ly contradictory, when work is perforated hy tlio convict* for the State, and by the direction of the Legislature, it is of no value. In adverting to tliis inequitable mode of stating the account* of this institution, it in not for the purpose of re opening a discussion on transactions of years passed by, but of shewing tiie amount that ho* been drawn from toe Treasury, and its more than full and Air equivalent n* received by this Stute. The items composing tho account of tliis officer for the lost two vearss, aro happily free from previous difficulties. The cash on hand, and the notes uud accounts can be estimated, with reason able accuracy. So also may the manufactured articles, fortunately few, nnd of comparatively small value. These will be shortly reported on by a committee appointed ill uccordiutco with a law of the last Legislature, as woll ns of the un manufactured materials on baud. This report,when received, will be subject to yonr order. I beg leave to repeat iny recommendation to tlio lust Legislature, that tho salaries of Priucipul and As- sistauit Keepers bo increased, nnd that authority he given for the employment of mnster workmen, at higher salaries, iu the various trade.*, as over seers. I transmit herewith a list of Executive warrant* drawn on tho Treasury for the Inst two years s also copies of Executive orders relating to various subjects.. Tho motives of their pnssnge are ex pressed in each. Some relate to the appoint ment of otiicers to fill vacancies, aud will there fore claim necessarily your attention. Tho bill contemplating the nlterution of tho Constitution, iu respect to the time of holding certoiu elections, was so erroneous iu its refer ence to tho article aud section intended to be changed, that it was uot deemed proper to pub lish it. I return herewith to tho respectivo branches of tho General Assembly in which thoy originated, several hills which wore presented for my revision, und did uot receive my approval. Notes are ap pended to ouch, iu which ure briefly declared the reasons for withholding my assent to thorn. Resolutions from several States, and relating to different objects, are transmitted herewith. Within too Inst year the city of Columbus hns ion visited liv sevnral dptitrortivn • Tim tn. Td'tto, " u f T„ c ''T 1 ™-- StntcH.thiflcbune Rntuiot bo objection M ° '‘ lr no]anti(MnioKtic offoiraolalm omB W RtrMjw.t bon.ol, rtrenjth obrll "SE 1 f °> have been invested:' A wise ni.iicv* ""W remote nnd present intertills will aa nmi.ierj.Mtice, and preserve #notlu* nri? Aith. Nor ought it to be foratotJ lSTwCS GEO. W.CRAWFORn. savannah— . FRIDAY morning, NOvXTST ' M7* 77« Savannah Shipping and Vommtnid Lint will he reads, fur delieery Thin Morning «|| o'Clark. Ordern fur cvlra eopien mull he l,fl i, o'clock. jury to, and destruction of, property wns so exten sivo ns to induce tho Department to issue nn or der to suspend tiie collection of the debt duo to the State by tiint city, for the purposo of re-build ing a bridge that connected its trade nml inter course with Alabama. The order was passed at tiie request of tho municipal authorities of Co lumbus. R operated only ns a suspension of thu pnyment of the debt, according to the arrange ments nmdo by my immediate predecessor, and confirmed by tho Legislature of 1343. Tho peri od for tho resumption of payment* is a subject for your consideration. This debt once constituted a part of the capi tal of tho Central Bank. It was withdrawn and directed by the Legislature to be paid by instal ments into tho Treasury. It is therefore proper in tlio settlement of the accounts uf tho Onshicr of the Central Bank tiint lie should he credited with an nmoiiut equal to it. A map of tiie State, oflargo size, has lately been mudo hy Mr. William G. Bonner. It comprises more topographical accuracy than those tiint have preceded it, aud was intended to have been n correct delineation of tho surface of the State. To this end all attainable information wns collec ted and nluced at tiie disposal of tho artist, llis success has beeu gouornlly admitted. Ono hundred aud thirty copies of tho map were subscribed and paid for. To each of the States ofthe Union a copy hns boon sunt being— in some measure a requital of vimilur favors re ceived of thorn. To cucli ol'tlic counties a copy hns been or will be forwnrded ami delivered to tbo Inferior Courts respectively. Tiie labors of Mr. Bonnor wore arduous and prolonged for tho space of eighteen mofithv. Whether in respect to his toil or the value of his work in a public viow, I am of opinion that tlio subscription al ready mentionori is not an ndequnte recompense to Inm, and cheerfully recommend additional compensation of such amount as inny comport with tiie justicu and liberality ofthe Legislature. Tho additional building uenr this place, for the rcocptioii of idiot* and lunatics, has been complet ed. A more thorough classification can now bo mndo ofthe inmates oftlio Asylum. Tho oppro- S nations made for their comfort ami support ttring too two Inst years hnve been found insuf ficient, hy reason of the increase ofthe pauper patients. In this emergency, after exhausting tho special appropriations for these objects, recourse was had on the contingent appropriation made in the year 1843. To obviate future difficulties in tliis regard, I again recommend that the counties which may send pauper patients to the asylum should be required to defray n moiety of the ex pense necessary for their maiuteuance. Thirty dollars annually for each would prolmldy he re garded as tiie proper sum to be paid. This would bo an abatement or at least one half of tiie amount riecessaiy for the maintenance nnd care of each pauper lunatic or idiot if iho asylum were not es tablished. If foe Trensury bo not to some extent relieved of this burthou, which is constantly in creasing, it may be reasonably expected, that this public charity will soon become oppressive. In deed, sinco the establishment of the asylum, it is apprehended tliut in soma couuties tiie uanaficuut laws in behalf of tiie poor huve been suspended or relaxed. Tiie report of the Trustees* of tlio institution has been mude to this department, aud is subject to the order of the General Assembly. According to tho roportoftho commissioner for thu ludigunt Deaf, Dumb and Blind, tiie ed ucation of this unfortunate classof our race at tlio Hearn Blauuel Labor School in tliis State hns been successful. The beneficiaries who were at Hartford in the State of Connecticut were re moved to the School in Floyd county early In tho last year. Thoy have increased to the number of fourteen. In any respect it is thought, that noth- ha* been lost by their removal. It is certainly true that the charity of tho State has been more extended and economically administered. I beg leave to present ill a tabular form, the condition of the Coutrul Bankas compared with its condition about four years ago. LiahUUlet on 0th November, 1843. Circulation, $673,542 00 State 8 percent. Bonds, 520,144 (10 Deposites, 100,633 15 $1,294,550 75 LiabilUiee on 1st November, 1347. Circulation, State 8 per cent. Bond*, Deposites, $-22,140 00 479,440 80 48,088 45 25 $744,270 50 ,iM Reilufcfidn, To which may be added about $200,000 i paW on account of interest, and expenses of Bank. ■ The opinion is i after exhauL- _ ... will bo* more,titan $200,000. ......... The'Director of'toe Bank has lately made a re port to this Department, that contain* detailed in formation inflating to the unavailable a«et* of. the Iuatitutioui and other information useful to the is repeated, that toe estimated deficiency, lauMmlr foe'hviilftble asset* of toe Bank, noro than $200,000. r n.;'«; r • ‘ (Editorial C(.rre.imiiit,. n rc ofthe 8a»miinhOrorrlu.] MILLEDGEVILLE, Nov. 2, 1847, Gentlenwu—I presume tiint you will alreadr have received an account of tlio election whirl occurred yesterday for President nr the 8etuir and Speaker of tiie House. The result fuu r» nished a topic of general remark. Mr. Jcuki*' election, us a matter of course, would have om- shined no surprise, taken by Itself, but tliattU two important offices should both have liueu fi- ed by Augusta men, has been a manor ofa*w* ishment to some, who hnve not been nwnre tin the General Headquarters of Georgia Wliiggtn lmvo been pitched in that city. Was there a oilier gentleman ofthe party, in tiie Senate, quit ifietl to presido over its deliberations 1 And! our opponents had been satisfied that Mr. Millti alone was fitted for the first, might it nottlm have been a mutter of discussion a* to whether Mr. Jenkins should be re-elected Speaker? \Xu there no one in tiie House, beside Mr. Jenkat who had claims to a support. Where was be representative from our own county ? and kq ha* it been since Chatham has been called upi to furnish a presiding ollicer to either Iioiim).- Theso elections alone, taken in connertion u* thdYact that Gov. Crawford is to lie sent to tb Senate, beyond nil reasonable doubt, give cot elusive indication ofthe tendency of tilings in tU Whig ranks. The matter is settled. The At gilsta interest predominates. It* ilictmn is to It the party law. There arc a number of aspirant* here for tk U. S. Senate. Headed hy Berrien, Crawfori Dougherty, Dawson, Thomas of Columbus. Holt of the same place, aiul, it is said, Judge Hill, the list embraces a number of other names, which ue spoken of in their own espeuinl circles. Anxiety is plainly depicted upon the countenances of iht* numerous uspirmils. A melancholy homily tlik upon the professions of that comercative party wiiose leaders never have struggled for "tls loaves and fishes,” hut purely, simply, altogether for tho good of the country. The prospect of discord nml hitter feeling is durk enough for Geor gia Whiggcry. At 12 o’clock, M., to-day, the Governor's Mm- sage was read in both Houses. It was a length; aud elaborate document, devoted exclusively b matters of Slate interest. It coutaiu* nord views upon several subjects {—among other*, ii reference to uu abolition of tiie existing militii system, und an exemption of manufacturing m tablislunents from taxation. Immediately afterik reading nf the Message, tlio two Houses odjoora- ed to meet at three o’clock, 1\ M., in Ac Kept*- aeututivc Chamber, to count out the votes ftf Governor. It was then ascertained tliut tieorgt W. Towns had been elected hy a majority d twelve liuiidrud nnd eighty-nine. The whole vote was considerably over eighty-four thousand, br ing the largest ever polled in Georgia for Gortr- nor. Nothing of interest was done «ili«eqtielitly i® tlio Senate. In tho House an excited di<cu#i»® arose upon n resolution iiitroducod hy Mr. Jon* of I'auldiug, culling upon bit Excellency, G° r - Crawford,for n statement of his reason* for the »]>• pointmciit of tlio Lieut. Colonels of tiio battalion* of Georgia cavalry uud infantry now iu tiie field; and inquiring of him how ninny of tiie former W been sent into Alabama shortly previous to the appointment of Lieut. Col. Calhoun—by who* order, under whose command, and for whnt w* teusiblo purpose. This inquiry was suggested by part of tiie Governor .Message which gives os oa« of his reasons for the appointment of that officer by himself, tiie fact that a portion of tho battalion had been marched out of the State, and could not be present at nn election held in conformity t° law. Blr. Howard of 51 uscogec opposed the reso lution, out*, he it remembered, simply of inquiry* with much animation, while 3Ir. Sliocldey o °* luuibio, .eeing i>ell»p* !to< M» Ejccllelicf find .nine better loop-hole lo c«cape from the w fiuulty in which ho ho, evidently placed manfully prochumcd that the Governor WM* not shrink from any invMti e aunn Into hi. offlret conduct in any particular. It « .omewhat n! hmrkabli!, that of thera two Wing., the « who rainicit thin resolution .liould be dm Rep- rescntativefroio AUscogee! an rumor very I orally my. that the portion of tlii. bataw« which creed tho Chattahoochee,had been" dered to do ,u for Iho eiprom purport, of foe niidting the pretext ml forth in tbo mortage. T reaoiulion, however, wa. finally adopted, •» much intoreet« felt about the rocult. .1 hearth* many of tho Whig, are out again.! th» Governor upon thiepoint; andit'will require acoo«dere bio degree oflngcndilr, Men tn the greetfine* cier, to emepe ftont the difildtlty in which he placed bitnooir. Tito excoriation given l«» <•! Hr. Jonoe, wax a tiling long to be remetatlwreC. A revolution' wa. introduced into the llonm Uf Mr. Jack-on of Walton, calling upon Gov. C»»- ford to inform the Honm a. to how meny Bond, bed boon hpyotheceted, how meny note in o .tale of hypothecation, how much os. J hmt'Been borrowed upon their credit, end«« ,. ™ p.id oy .paylsio, Tl"' "«?4.i”“ cd upon the idea, pretty generally cnlciW"