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„ A ,I.V IPAPKii wciiir hulUhh
COUNTRY PAPHR IlSJttlUJJ!* *»I PIVH DOiiUltH
’tlZT AH Advertisements appear in both Papert. .£j
FflEE TRADE CONVENTION.
MEMORIAL of a Committee appointed ha
the Free Trait Convention, held in I'hIU
uilcipbia in September if- October, IfijJlV
upon the subject of the picsenl Tor iff of
duties, —
[continued*]
Socoridiy, competition does not even rn.
dneo profits to their lowest roto, unl«Mtho
snnnly of thn domestic commodity is equal to
the wants of the country. Whenever, qnd
so loon «»this is not tiro caso, n monopoly is
creat' d, which will he attended with all its
usual consequences. If, instead of on cluvn.
ted roto of duty, the similar foreipn nrtidn is
altogether prohibited, the exorbitant price of
tlw domestic commodity Is checked only by,
tho lessoned demand for it. That price is
limited by that at which tho foreign article
enn atilt be purchased, end by that nlon',
when tho importation is not prohibited, hut
only charged with a hoavv duty. Improve,
monts, tending to lesson lira cost of prnduc.
lion, may, in that case, atilt ho introduced by
the insnufucturcr for Ins own liuneln ; hut iho
price of the domestic commodity will, never,
tlicloas, ho exclusively rognlalod by that nt
which tiio similar foreign article may he oh.
It is, therefore, only when tlm supply of tho
domestic manufacture is, or may, within n
very short time, ho mndo equal to tho lull do-
rnand ol'llio country, that domestic competi
tion nicy reduce the role of profits, and, ulti,
mltoly, the cost nfproducllon. Il cannot ho
doubted that, when the competition is with
foreign articles, tho necessity iff introducing
tho improvements requisite for that purposo,
is much groutcr than when il is only hotaeen
tho Ainoricatt inanufacturoro. When tho
manufacture is already established ut the
lima of laying tlm protecting duty, tho itit-
pruvements which may nliorwnrds toko-plead
would have been introduced at least ns early,
if tho restrictive system Imd nut existed: and
there may ho instances wlturn duly provouis
or retards tho adoption of each improvements.
But a reduction of price in, in no case
whatever,"’duo to tho tariff, so long ns tlm
similar foreign artido can still ho imported,
mid tho price of the domestic enminudity in
not reduced below that at which tho foreign
is sold. Under those circumstances, tho re-
duct inn is clearly duo to a fall in tho price of
tlu foreign article,and is altogether indopnii.'
dent of tho larllf. If, In any instance, the
prico of tho dpmeslip article lies, Iminndiiito-
ly after tlm tariff, fallen below tho prim at
which tho foreign article could, thunenforth,
bo imported, it only provea that tho duly was
higher than was necessary for tho Mtonstuln
object in viuw. Thu prico must full as low
ns that at which the foreign article might
hive been purchased prior to tho protecting
duty, before tho national loss-cnuaod by it
censes. It Is only then that tho domestic
manufacture proves successful and beneficial
to tho consumer, and to tho community nt
hoarse cotton goods are the only prelected
limitoli tvliioh entires fflllllll Unit description
anti tlm cauwo of tho fall of prico, which o*
porated almost simultaneously in England <&
Amorica, are notorious and acknowledged—
They cannot be botleroxpros*m| than ih tho
words of ono oftho manufacturers (Mr.. Dex-
tor)t?.vflminod boforo tho Coihmiltoo on Manu
factures in 1839.- «• It iai owin^ to tho im
provement in machinery, tho reduced price
of raw cotton, nml increased skill in tho niim-
ufucturc." Tho reduction in tho priori of the
raw material was sololy.duo.to the increased
supply cpmparod with llio demand. Tho man?
ufucturo was already firmly eatublishod before
thoyonr 181(3.-, -Aa.Tnrly ns tho year 1810,.
there worn, north of'tlip Pot. mnq, filly;mills
for spinning cotton in opCYntiohf mid twenty,
llvo more that went.into qpmr .tion in tho on
suing year. Tho weaving businnsshad com'
motived, but was not fur advuuced. .Under
tho«c circumstances, tho improvemonta in
machinery, mid tho gradual .acquisition of
skill, w ould havo infallibly taken plnco with
tho common average duty, which was, at tlmt
time, about 33 por cent on*tho value. It is,
nt least, doubtful, whether tlm favorable re
sult was hastened by tlso lariffolTSIff, which
cave a protecting duty ofsix cents nml a quar
ter per yard, amounting lo 031 actual, and o?.
qulvalcnt to 6$per cent, nominal duty ad va-
Wo will only obsorve here, that tho decline I
of prico in the Pittsburg iron, which, cannot |
tm a*oribod to that of life foreign’nrticlo, is .
also indepondont of tho tariff*. The iron-1
works of Wort Pennsylvania: wero, and still ;
enntinuo to bn, protected against foreign iron;
mid that nmdo within ono hundred miloH of
thn sna shore by tho expense of transports-
tion, which is ntill forty,nnd prior to the last
wnr, nmountod to eighty dollars a ton. Con-
siderahlo fortunes were inado by the owners!
of tho establishment# which warn, directed
with skill, 'frugality, and a sufficient capit .l;
but thoro being no competition, tho iron was
dear, and of inferior quality. ; Tho price of!
transportation was greatly diminished seme '
tirnu after the peace, and thn Juniata iron, of 1
n superior quality, wnB brought to Pittsburg,
at tho expense hf 30, and sold for 100 to 130
dollars u ton. -ThiH,united.with-UnfaVdMhlq
eircumst ihcos, under which tho western coun
try then labored, proat rntod the'Iron works for
a while. But'there was no intrinsic impedi.
merit; and wit li more experience, by the par.
tial application of coal and’var'ious other im
provements, tho iron business has boon re-
vivod, rind tho prico of iron of much better
quolity than formerly, reduced to about nine:
ty dollars. Tho competition ortho Juniuta
iron operated in Uiis instanco in tlm same
manner ns if it Imd been of foreign origin.—
Had it not boon for it, the iron of west Penn
sylvania would neither hnvo boon improved
in quality* or havo declined in prico. And
this effect has been produced without tho.,
slightest assistance'f om the tariff*, or any i
othdr cause, with tlie^amo competition to on-
counter, and through no other means hut a
judicious application of skill and enterprise.
Tlm only effect tlmt can possibly bo oscrib-
cd to a prolcct'iig duly is that of encourag
ing tlm establishment of manufactures,which
would-not othdrwiso lmvo existed! pi* of indu
cing a gr atcr number of poisons tp emb irk
in tlmae already existing. Tllo propriety of
tho duty depends altngqthnr op, the probabili
ty of speedy success, t hat is to suy, of tho.
manufacture Imiiig.eo fur adapted to’the cir-
cumHtanues oflho country, tint, niter having
bonn (fumelotl hy tho duty in surmounting the
first difficulties incident to every new, undo/-,
taking, it will bo.ublo tp sustain itself, and,
without such assistance, t.» compete with tho
forolgn article. It Ims been clearly ,-liown
that the manufacture is.otherwise a losing
concern, productive of national loss.
This'loads to tho important distinction ho.
tween a permanent ono temporary protecting
duty: tho first imposing n porpmual tax for
tho purposo of pei*|iotimtingtt continued •pub
lic'Inna, tho ether proper only when tho pres*
nect of speedy success is nearly oerta/n.’-r
Epr'if-nceosHnry td ho coiitih’nod for a long
while, tho loHs.ronlinccd for'a period pfyears
may. bo grea or thaitlho ohject is worth : and
il would have been much wiser to wait till
tho country was better prenared for commen
cing tiio nmnufacMiro. Tho question is how
tho Legislature, on fmhjocts so cqinfjlex.is to
decide whether thoro is a probability that the
result .will, in a short time, bff; fayoiimVln l
We iinawor, Am*, that whonover tho applica
tion is.for U gradually iucreiisihg insumd of
a decreasing, ruto of duties,, it in a’ complete
proof that Clio • upplicui.its'- wish’ a permanent-
hud not a temporary "duty; eoboiidly, that,
whonevor the protecting duty-required is ex
orbitant, tlihr'llkewiso clearly proves that
there is not any cxpectafon*df a speedy fa
vorable result, it is clear tlmt tho protection
required must bo proportionate to tlm difficul
ty of establishing tho manufacture, and that
.tho country is butter prepared for those which
requiro the leant protection. A moderate and
unilbrin duty Will natuially encoiirugo these,-
without the heQi‘s»ity of ony special leglsli}-
tlve;intorfcipueo; whilst those alone will be.
postponed,which fur the very roason that tljoy
reqmro a hjghorprhtection; ought .not yet to
bo attempted. Instead of an • artificial and
precarious system, the. progress will be natu
ral, etoady, and permanent. Thg clmrgos on'
imppriont articles-'vary’ according to their
nature, aro seldom, if ever Ipss than 10, and
soinqllmos amount to 20 por ceut.- A general
duty of 20 par cunt, advled.to thoao cnuTg0e' c
would give ah actual protection of 80.|Kir
cent, much greater ihan that under which all
tlm tiatial mechanicnliirts- hitvo been, firmly
.catJbllchnd’in tho Unfli'': 1 States.} greater
tlmn is asked by several' • .euches-naw suff
ering under iho prosont' ptvrtJal systom, and
amply. Sufficient for the >nynur'agotnont of
anyunanuiftcturo which UieriiMB uny probabil
ity of establishing sutscosslifily within a • rea-
Bomiblo time. Tho duty of 30 per cent, sub
stituted in England, to the erttira prohibitioir
of foreign silk qtuflk, ha*, nqtwitlistnmhng tiio
clatnors of those interested, promoted inetoyd
.or injuring tlm British jii inufactiiro'.};and
MV, i la i ut lion, bo ollcn quoted, never pro-
nnoml n iltiltt' nf l!v .-.1
rate of wages they receive ; and for that they
ard not indebted to the manufactures, but to
that groat cau<?o already ofki. alluded to, and
the- effect of which is acknowledged by the ad
vocates of the protecting system, when they
say “ that the peculiar advantage of thn U.
States cons'sts in the ahundanco and cheap
ness of fertile lands, affording «n easy suIib'is-
tence, and high remunoration to labor ” And
they, might have added, that this is the cir-
cumstailco which ker.ps up that high remu
neration, even, in those parts of the Union
where lands have acquired ilm highest value.
Industry, should bn perfectly free, and every
one Infl atliji’nrty to select that pursuit which-
in . his npiniori;. will most contribute to Ins
happiness. A comparison might neverthe
less bo drawn bnjweep tho rospectivo situu-
tion, at th« end of thirty years, of the work*
ing men. who have availed' tlirnhsolves of the
nstlira' ndvantagos offered by the facility with
which'tlm ‘rich unimproved lands of America
inav be acquired, and of those who have at
tached -themselves to_'a manufacturing esta
blishment. ,
But the restrictive system is in every in-
s«fti1--o injurious toilmno branchos of industry
which , do not wont special protection, and
often operates even against tho protected
manufactures. Thaisys'em, when artificial
ly enhancing the price of those commodities
which arc tho product of such mmufacturns,
necessarily enhances also tlm price of tlm pro
ducts of every other brancli of industry, or
depresses tlmt of labor It is clunr that the
mechanic who pays twenty dollars more for
the implements of his trade, the necessary '
Iron, particularly rolled iron, and a'fow
branches of tho manufactures of iron ;
Wool, particularly of species coarser than
any native wool of4lm Unfed States, and the
woollen manufactures embraced by tho sys
tem of inlnimums ;
Sugar, salt, and coal.
T|m small quantities of Amnrican hemp
which aro brought to the Atlantic seaports,
are now sold at about 91 BO per ton. Tho
priino bout of tho best Russia n**mp,delivered
on hoard, if about 6130. The subsequent
charges nmoiint.to at least IS per cent., and
it cannot ,bb\ delivered in America, free of
duty, undor $UH: the duty is now'^HOper
entered hero alone, having been routed by tho j Upon tho principles involved in tho caso of
troops of Calderon The action took place ! Worcester, it is gratifying to perceive an un-
vnstorday, and lasted from 7 in tho morning ion and communion of all parties in tho v
till 4 in the afternoon, at which hour the few State. It is, indeed,-felicitous that, upon a
remaining troops of Santa Anna were die- question embracing tho vital interests of
persed. Tho General had received a contu- Georgia, her citizens aro spenking as with
sion in the leg Of the whole division that one voico. Upon the floor of Congress, our
left this place, all that havo not fallen lmvo representatives, the guardians of our rights,
been wounded or made prisoners; and we j are, ns one man, avowing their, principles,
am assured that, had the cavalry charged, not and displaying their eloquence, in accordance
' witli the declared doctrines of tho State.
Within onr own limits, the asperity of party
is temporarily hushed, the thirst for power is
allayod, th.e purposes,of. private ambition aro
a single individual would have boon h*ft to
toll fRe falo. Ltrtdero, tho second in com
mand to Santa Anna, iB wounded and a pris
oner. and it appears that of the Dili and 2d
regiments not a snfff remains It is very
iorem hn tho pr jTno cost .of tho choappst India '.pqRoiln protecting duty; of 13 por cent ad
cotton goods at that time imported. v'nlorom. . \\ f . '
A * nimllnp I*,. 11 nCnni.n‘ ntt.l nuiinre Ia ll.#% It nila nnnn nni<pi.AAtlif...li..Ai.. n.l ... Il I.
A similar- full of price, m»d owirigr to tho
same causes, took place in England, notwltlv-
Btanding tho partial compotition of East In
dia goods. It is woll known thnt’thp returns
of tho official .Value of British export*, having
boon fixed long ago, and novorliceti cliangcd,
represents tho gifetifi'fies, iir,tho returns of
tho declared, show the actual value,of OacK’
species of merchandize, Tho official vnluo of
cotton goods exported amounted, in 1814. to
£16,535,328, and, in 1827, to £21,445,565
stg. Tho declared value fur th"so two years
was. £17,211,8^4*and £10,522,337 n'spoc-
tivcly ; but tho true Voluo fbr they ear 1814,
30, tho value had decreased more than’28 jtor
cent., or, in othor words,'the prico of chtfpp
Ijoods had fallen near one half. -
The suggestion that this fall in Great .Bri
tain was in any degree duo to tho competition
with tho American.articlo, is qnito groundless,
einco it was the result, partly, of t ho full in the
prico of tho raw material which operiitod nt
the samo timo on both countries, principally
to improvomonts, winch originated in-Eng.
land, and were subsequently adopted in A-
tncrica. It would ho still more preposterous
to ascribe tho full of prico in the foreign arti*
clc to Ainoricari competition, with respect to
such os iron and sugar, of which wo export
nono, and import greater quantities than
heretofore. Omitting the years 1813 to 1810
during which tho annual average consump
tion of imported sugar was, by reason of tlw
war, reduced to liltlo more than forty millions
of pounds, tho annual average quantities on
winch the duty was actually collected appear,
hv tho Treasury returns, to have been—
For the sevon y* ars, 1706-1805. 52,730.000
For tho seven years, 1800-1812, 54,450,000
For tho seven years, 1817-1823, 57,630,000
For the sevon years, 1624-1830, 61,440,000
Wo have imported less than if we had not
Imd tho Louisiana sugar, hut actually more
since than before.' Louisiana has onlv sup-
pliod our growing wants, and has loft tho for.
cign market, so far us the United States were
concerned, in the samu situution as hereto
fore, It is the same with respect to iron, to
which wo will soon advert,
It has beop c'orrrcctly obsencd, that,; with
the exception of.tjui’silk und sotno .thrend
mnnufactures, tho bobsled dcparture.by Great
Britain frdqj tho restrictive system is nominal,’
siheo thn forinor high dutios onartich’8 which;
she affords cheaper than any other country
wore entirely useless, Thu reduction of a
prohibitory.to a duty of lO.por coht, proves
at least tlmt tlm prico of tho donlcstic ariiclo.
was actually reduced to o rate that did not
fear foreign'competition. But-thcro is a
glaring .contradiction between the assertion
“that nine-tonths of tho American poopin',
who do nof affect foreign,. luxuries ntid fash
ions, .may bo clothed 'with woollen, cot loo,
Tur, and leather tahrics,.QfthotVown country,
better anil cheaper than ejthor could have
been obtained abroad, iftlibtorift’lmd .never
been cnactoil.’hutd tho pertinacity with which
the rcstrietionists oppose the repeal or.mo.di-
ficatvon .of the high duties, imposed precisely,
on the coarsest woollen and: cotton fabrics
which aro Worn by nine-tenths of tho: pco-
pie.s . : "
Having'examined tljo rostririivo- s\*stem
in reforencoxto tho country at hrgfe.anu con
sidered as a, whole, your memoridifsts .will
qovv call tho attention of your honorahlishedy
to its effects On tho various cUsscb ot society
and different parts of tho Union. 'Bnf they,
will confine themselves to its most prominent
R'dfurcs, and ta tho mott important' of tho
protected branches of industry ; ;4hil,'for’fur
ther details, they bog leave rcspcctfhlly to
reler to the expositions now.prcpared, or bh-
ing prepared, by sonio amongst themselves
Who havo undertaken to collect the facta, and
will lay them before Congress.
It is not our intention to discuss the effect
produced on tho persons employdd in large -
manufacturing establishments. Thu owner*
aro entitled to much credit for their attention
to the comfort, fhorals.ancloducHtion of those
who arc placed'under .their care. We only
contend that there is nothing in , that respect
which should induce the Legislature.to divert
tho pcoplq'in general, from other pursuits, to
that of being employed in a manufacture.—
Operatives, m America, stand in thosalne re-
lutipn towards - their employers, as those of
similar establishments in other countries.—
The only difference consists in the higher
clothing of his family, and tho sugar it con- : stitutos made Of cotton or tow li ive been' irr-
siimes, must, either-enhanco the price of the trodiiod,'and tho domestic munufiicture is
products of his industry in tho giiuio propor-j seldom if overused in the Atlantic States.—
tion, or receive so much less for.hi* labor. — I Cottou bogging is exclusively u*'ed, and is ob
tun, or cnoic than 40 por cont. on tho value, probable that in two days at tho latest, tho
It soils forabput 6220... The American hemp j government troops will bp here, to dictate
is fit for the manufactures of common rope 1 term* of submission in tho surrender of tho
and cotton bagging ; but, eitljor fVom tho of-1 place. It rentes a painful feeling in the
feet of climate, or 'athor, as is generally bo- people of V>-ra Cruz, to witness tins havoc
hevod, from its homg dew rotted, it is totally made among her sons,
unfit, & is never used for cables, or any spe- “ The action took pluco between Manau-
eios of cordage which rtmnycwnn ih-coutact tral and Cerro" Alto." ‘ ,
withse» WAtor. iVpfwithsUndiiig iho heavy j ‘ *'—-■ 1 -r-r —-. ’
duties equivalent to more than 80.pnr cont. | CONGRESS,,
on tarred, and 95 per ceut. on untarred i n the Semite on the 28th, Mr. Smith pf-
cordago, about 800 tons of that foreign arti- fered a resolution Instructing the Committee
cjo aro still imported. The duty.on tho raw on Military Affairs -to cbnsimr the expodien-
matcrlsl has deeply affected the domestic C y of establishing a nation,irVoundrv, fbr the
manufacture, and oporates as a'heav) tax on | making of cannon, &c. Mr. Clay presented
the shipping interest, without affording, in a memoria from sundry citizens of Kentucky
tli it respect, any benefit to the American asking tho interference of tho Government in
hemp grower. ! favor of the ohjerts of tho Colonization So-
Tho duly of five cents ayard, equivalent clety.which.affofsome:remarks from Messrs,
to 50 per cent, nikho value of cotton h igging, ‘ Clay, Ilayno and Chambers, was laid on
is ofthe same character. N’» , ar700.0l)0 yards tho table. TiiQ bill 'inakiiig' appropriations
of thn foreign article ore still imported.; sub- for tho'support of the Government during the
The nominal wngesOfthejoiirneyinonand of'
the.laborer do now’remain tho sumo ; whilst 1
the true prion of tholr labor, the comprrt*ation
ihey actually receive.dias been lessened to an
amount precisely equal to the enhanced price
ofthe necessary artirlcs’thoy most purchase.
Thn evil: increases as, in order to rornovo
complaints lin’d render the system popular, it
ih exbndod to: a groat number of branches,
and affeoifl.Jn tfio ^ame manner, the protec
ted manufactures, by pither increasing thn
co*tof pioducUo'n,or.lcs8eningtho roul wages
oftho workmen, a
This'-uhstitutinn’bf nominal for real wa
ges, is proved by tho evidence taken, in 1828.
by the Committee o'* Manufactures. Sever
al of t hese, and particularly the woollnn man-
ufheture of-.Hieuhehvillo, nppear to havo
been sustained by the retail s des of foreign
goods connected with the establishment;
and the jiriiicipnl profit of the owners
to have consisted iti that which they inado
on the goods .wlll\ -whiqii. they paid their
workmen, and,the provisions and. other sup.
plies purchased from the farmer* This wai-
a very natiiyiil and - legitimate.', process ; but
.it js ronurkaltle tlmt the means used, to sub 1
stttute, as is said, ddmesi 16 for foreign indue-
try. should have booii a much more extensive
snip of foreign c'irmiondlUoH, than would oth
er wisd. have takyn place.
In trying to reconcile' ri‘ mnjority of this
people to the system,* and .tor. the purpose of
obtaining still greater-protection, the advo
cates of restriction* lmvo altogether departf-
6d from a.principle', tho soundness of which'
is ad milted-by all, and by nono more than by
tlioHo who would sacrifice every other intcr-
08'to tlmt of cortnm favored inamfftyctnroH.
In the face of the example and of i ho oXpori.
once of otlior. ijatiqnk, so strenubnsly appoil-
ed;to, they have uttomptnd to promote manu-
.factt»re8, by jaying high and sornotim.es pro-
liiiutory duties on the raw materials, in one
lyatnnee on that of thd very mannfacturo
wlt'ch was lh'o 'jiartioutar object t‘»f their so-
licitude, in uthersj’A/itfi a.tntai disregard fiir
tho brandlios which depondod on tho taxed
•njslcddl. •
•. By. tho tariff of: 1810, cr duly of 0$ cents
was -laid'<m every'egharo'yard of cotton
gomls,.t,ho prime cost of which did not ex
ceed 25cents: and. as tKb average rate nf
duties was thgn ahbiit ; 35 per cent., it was on-
Iv cm goods'under ,18. cents and a half that
the average rate was cXcer-dod. - But tho law;
at' tho fin mb timo. rccbgntned the principle,
that a protecting ditty should bo temporary;
and it was ncdbrdihgly pTovicJnd' that the mi
nimum shoqldj. at the eqd of thfoo years, hi
reduced from 25 to iJO cunt*,, or, in othu
word*, tlmt the duty per square yard should
thiol b" reduced to 5 cents on nil goods, tho
prime cost of which was loss than 2 ( 0 cts. .As
if to show dmt tiio object , is to; lay porpotifal
prqtoctipg'dutlefi, or a perpetual tax ou the
coinmun iy, wiijiout any expectation that the
prico oftho proiected'comnindity \yill he ro^
dirod; the proyi*ion has, in 'soveriil insian-
cos,, been rovefai' d; bin!: an Increasing Instead
of decrousing.seulopf dutioa.bncn adopted.—
If a dtity of tbirty-fivb dollars por ton was
sulffclcrtt in ordbr.Tdi'itistuhce, that Ameri
can’ might ctnhpb'fe with fdreign flax, po pro
vision should have been made for grhdually
raising the'duty to sixty dollars. If a d tyuf
sixty collars was requisite for that purpose,
there could bo no expectation . tlmt the fiax
grower-would grntu tously lose money by
raising the commodity before tlmt duty was
in force. If there was an avowed want of
information on the subject, it would have
booh a wiser course.to wait tj)l it hud been
obiained.
In regard to thn manufacture* of cotton, it
has already been observed tlmt tho minimum
now raised to 35 cents, instead of being rn.
duepd to 30, according to the act of 181H, is
the only, objectionable provision. This is a
doty of 8J cents on'every square yard, when
tho prime cost is IcSs than 35 cents. Tho
duty is nominal -in', reference to most oftho
goods .under 15 c nM, which not only are af-
forded as cheap by.the'Amoricanmanutkctur-
er ns the foreign article, but compete witli
this in foreign markets.' Reduced to a duty
ad valorem, u decreases,'pn goods costing
mote than 15, and under 35* cents, from a-
bout OOto 25 per cent. AV.c.are net inform
ed; that any progress Ima been. made since
.1828, when this protecting duty was raised
froni.7| to §5-cents a ’.yard, in-thn' domestio
manufacture efunmixed cotton goods within
those prices. Tlie miXofi stuff called satti-
nott appears, from its price, to tie protected
only by the general duty of 25 per cent., and
yet ik) foreign article is imported that com
petes with'lt. Tho manufacture owes less
to protection, and flourishes more than any
other favored branch ; and it doos not. effect
injuriously nny.othef manufacture, otherwise
than by'thft beneficial substitution, in many
instances,of bhe'nper for. deiirer articles.—
Wo do sincerely believe, that the repeal of
the mihiinuni would not .affect it, and that
the' average: duty of 25 por cent. added to the
charge- on tlie mipdrtation, would give it ull
-tho. protection which the manufacturers
ought to desire. ;
The important objects,'-'more particularly
obiectioriabl6;an>,'
llcmp, fiax, and some ofthe u)anufacture r
of hemp-and flax j
year 1832, was-faken up, an I after some dis
cussion Was. laid on the tablo, and ihe amend •
miiniB reported from ilie Gomniittou on Fi
nance, and tlie comnnmrcaiions from the 1)6-
;Coi;ft, M. JohnWi ha* hcoji ten lorud a public din
ner .in PSilHllii’iihin. Tlw Iuq^iror *ay t * that i' i».un-'
«l r*lood that on agreement has been ontcroU into by
all llio inonibers of. ih« Buik Comijiitteo, pledging
'lieiusL'lvo.1 lo Accept nf n> public dinner.thal.inny.be
oiTccd iltein until-nflt-r tho tlbchurgo of tllo duties itj *
. . volvcd in thu 0 .«k invostiga'ion'; if oven ilicn.
ir Fmm ■
Hnluloly nowjssnry for tiiA iiurposouf-packing i partmonis roBpectintr ili-m. woru nrilorud to
rA.AOA n .l..t...n . mui, .AAAAa, lAtknt I I.. A .1 ... .1
cotton for exportation. With respect lo that
which iB shipp'd to foreign ports, tho duly
operates precisely as a tux on exports,
j ( To he continued.)
2
T1ICRSDAY MORNING, APRIL 5.
Tho tb|l -wing gunilemcn wore »»n .M<mday r«-elccit d
Directors -i the Savannah, Ogcechie *».J A'aUinaha
Oioial company for tho eneuiug vovr—Thus, Youim,
.1. D. Mongi'i, W. C. Dumoil, it. F. Williams, Elias
F«rt, G.‘ W. MnAljistcr. M. Mycr« is Ihu director on
the pari of tin* SlOo.
- Miratieau B. Lamar, E«<j. recently edi'or of tlw Co-
lu'mbua Enquirer, U announced in that paper a candi
dal o for C- mgrcsg, .
The vloamhuai Baltimore arrived at Columbua on
iliu l?lh uit. i > sjx'y h 'lira from Ap ilachic In, njjaiusi
• hc'oorront "f the Olia'aho.ichio, bciuy llio shortest
pna<(i;e yet madu,
A mr-otitig' of *h»* cliigii'ia *'f Muscgeo 'tfouniy was
held on 1 o 28.h, Jam 's Van Chairman and J.:
A.- B' rVm ot,-Secretary, for iho- purposo of.cxpretait'g
.their Kcntimonts rcsp'-etii.g the Ja'q decision of the Su
premo Court. Tho following jmi'lompu w re appoint
ed ii c-munilteir In draft f proomhle-nmt rosoluiions to
ho acted upon nt a ineoijog. in he hoM on Sa urday
lie*', viz0,m. Jainos N. H. ihiino, Col. Soahorn
Jones. C..|. J"hn Milton, D Siuphi-n-M. Insersoli,
JudKO Eli S..Shorter, William JCtrk, Ksq. C. E. U'tru
loit, E«q. Col. A ire t Iverum, and Col. G. E. Thomas.
• Wo learn by y'orordny’a mail that tho t-l hens of
T'-pshnin and B-unsnick"(Mu.) havo btmn thrown ip-'
lo |*ro..t czciioinonl hy a auppoSO I'caso of. s-Vsniodin
cholera, which occurred nt Topshatn’iliroo hr fimralaya'
before; and thd queation doe* nnl yut suoltctp be sat-
w arlori'y cnulod. wh'thor It. wn« the «ho-en» or'not.
The patic t vaa Vgirlotiosebr'otlicr had lfel.-'y roturn
d.l from Barnhiii'g,' whore ho 'titfd the". Cholera. Tho
rlothea ho^woru when tick were token out by tier.
Such ia. tlm report.. ,
it
Fno>i tiif/Wkst Isnlrs.—Tlm Frrnch ship E izo,
in nine dava .pnaeigx from Ba-selerro, Gundat-'iipo,
arrived ai Darien on Monlav. We b-arn by letter
ihat llio captain rcorU that tho markets were' over-
stocked with American preduno, and dial fifty sail of
vtascladiad arrived within, a day or two for freight,
which caused a fill in prim-from *12’l<» 0. Arcounis
from Franco to die tioenii/ ttcond qf February had bren
rccuiv'd. ; 1
WA l -arh furih- r,-'hai ieripus cmitpto i.ona cxisteif.In
Dominiqa .-•nd.St;-. Lucia ara-ing I'm whjta inh’ihi’nnla,
whohavri .come tojhe dcterminaiiou of aondl'.g^thc
Governors out of th .so island* »• if th'oy.ptoiuulgniod
‘••rderi ihoy hvd received from E'lglaml.’' We pre-
ruimt tho ord'- s here meant aie the orders in council
issued in- September 4a»t for 'ho governnionf of iho
slavos ih tho IJri'lsh West Indies, which wo have be*
f-ro learnt, from our Jiurbadoes ami other colonial pi
pers hnd cauicdJlio highesj^JiBiatiiif.iciion and .Excite,
ment.
The Peicrsborg Inloiligencnr cations tfi» public n-
gainst ccriain impostors travn'ling about the country
u d»r the muncs of Fiat Kino. American FtnE Kino,
Jienl Fiaa Kren. &r. nud lays— 1 ‘*Tw» of-thy'genus
enmo to thi! J iott" du'inp the present week. One iD-r-
od t" g" into iin-* vo" and cook a beef etoak, sw ili»w
nrnei'ic, &c. provided the .sum of olio thousand did ar||
should bo *• au‘ scribed as an cqiiivnlcnr.’^: lie, l.owev-
cr, setllod hi* prin-mg ayemint. nt least. Tiio other,
H mere lad in Ids a jipcnrAncVwearing & irarolling cap,:
Iml who look-B"Od.caro to eanual-his name, after'anui*
slng.ibe cre-lulous two or three .'night*, pro'ending lo
> kil"w ijoiling oil, moiling sealing wax, &c.’decani. ed*
between tivu day*, leaving hi* bill for print ng unpaid.”
he printed. A shori tin\o. was spent in the
consideration of Executive business.
In the House of RepresentativKS, tho .bill
to authorise the J udges of tho Unit' d States
Courts to 4ake bail of claimants of property’
seized aiufto perform ether apts in vacation,
and tho biff-for the sale of tho unlocutoil lots'
in (ho fifty quarter, townships fn thu Uiiuoij
States Mif'tary District in the Slate of Ohio,
reserved to satiwfy warrauta graiitcd to indi
viduals for thoir Military services, together
wi'li numoroos rivato hills, wore rend a third,
timo and passed. The House resumed, in
Committee of the VVholc, the eons'dorution
ofthe hill in addition to an net entitled, an
act to provide for certain persons enwa^pd in
the land and naval service ofthe U. States in
the revolutionary war. Mr. Ellsworth adi
dressed-th>» Committee, and when he- had
concluded his remarks, the Committee rose,
and the tlou-e adjourned. .
\Y« hftv.e at Icigth recnivcd the diesepling
opinion of Judge Baldwin, ip the case of
Worcester against tho Stator of Georgia. On
a- previous* application,, the Judge declined
furnishing a copy, being unwilling that his
opinion sT'ould go to ihorpoblic. s.iihlilVnne'oijs-
ry.with that oftheXourn, lc^t jt might be
open to .the imputation of jufviiig a tendency,
to inipuirthq-weiglit.of tho decision- and man
date in Georgia. lie preferred'uo remain in
the attitude in which he had lipon placed h’y
llio’reprosontation in the public pdpeb« t *that
his dissent from the opinion of tho Court wan
on a quefitinn of mere formality in the writ or
record, and that the decision of the Court
was virtually unanimous, until the time should
arrive when die publication could.have no’vf.
fact oh tiio course to bo lakpn by th • atilhor-
ities.of Georgia Askhat course.iniist havo
been alrbudy.tukeiV, Chore’cun bu no objection
to the j)ltbliimti6nyan‘(|.the'publio have a right
ta k mnv.tliompiniUn* of ull the. Jiiilgee-on tffj?
ufforescing;Question's whielr urose in that
case. Jiidgb Baldwin stated'In open. Court,
that', nlfhoegh jiis. dissent oil the :tlrst qiips-
tion which arose in.tliaargiunent, rendered
it nfccefisary ffir him to' l feive'an opiUio’n in.ro-
lat'on to the other questions, in the cause, yet
he thought proper to declare that lie'adhered
to his opinion delivered last term in the case
of the. Qhorokro nation against tho State of
Georgia, and, of course, -dissented from th&
judgment now-given._ T* Globe.
From XVaskihfflon.—We^have letters frotu.
Wushii.gton of Saturdu/cvcnuig, atinnucing
that Governor Cass, on Thursday, concluded
tronty with the Crook Indians in Aluhaina
78 Georgio, providing* for the cession of
heir lauds, and fbr 'the cm gration beyond
ho Mississippi of all those who may notpro*-
for taking reservations and living andcr*the
*tato laws. “Tho provisions of tho treaty,"
says a correspbndent, “ are very liberal for
tho Crocks, and highly, satisfict'ory. to them.
Thn treaty was finally signed and exchanged
this morningvhctwcdn the President and the:
Creek deputation. Thus thn groat Indian
question is narrowed dnw|j ro.tiio Cherokeos
of Georgia, Evefi ns to Uiemf fhequestioh
is lesseniii^ inrimportaneq.; Letters receiv
ed here this morning, from the Cherokee
suspended, und the whole people aro fully
sensible that the spirit uf the time's requiros
united counsels and united movements.
Tho sentiments proclaimed at the meeting
on tho 7th April, will go forth as Jhe collect,
ed judgment and determination- of an intelli.
gent and respectable county. Let it bo fully
attended,’ and.ority such resolutions adopted
as will be maintained.—[Columbus Enq,
Treaty with the Cheeks.—A Treats
has been concluded with the CreokB, in which
this tribe cede all tlnur lands within theStato
ofAlaliama, for lands beyond the Mississippi,
and upon similur terms with those stipulated
in tho Choctaw Treaty. All the tribes havo
now ugroed to emigrate from the bosom of
tho Statos, with the exception of about 4,000
Cherokons. These delude^ people are to ba
made the victims of political managers, who
will sacrifice the Iv st interests and happines*
of this trilie, in efforts to embarrass the tnea*
sures oftho administration.—Globe.
The TARiFP.—Mr. Benton, ono of Ih®
Senators from Missouri, though no orator, 1i
yet a Hpeakor, whoso *■'industry leaves no-. |
thing unoxnlored." Recentjy in the Debato
on Mr, Clay’s Resolution, ho has, according \ ii
to a Correspondent ofthe Charleston Mercu- }.
ry, called uii n.hlritorical reminiscence which I
has excited much curipsity, and has shown
that a* far back us 1781, several States, and ft
especially Rhode. Island, objected to the ex. ’
orciro by,tho Congress of* the. Con federation, '
of th> • power to impose duties upon imports,
and in regulate commerce, ris substantially a
tyranny—Tlmt a Committee of Congress,
consisting of Messrs. Alex Hamilton,Addi
son, and Fitzsimmons, wore nppointdrWrc-
turn an answer to this objection, in which
they emphatically stated that those powers
wore only necessary and would only be used,
for the purpns of raising money'for the pays.
ment of the public debt, arid.that when tba
debt ceased,-the duties would of course ceasa
also—That .it was .under this pronfse, and
with this expectation, that the power was af.
terwards conferred: in tho Constitution, &c.
It. is quite
.the o|
thing
slate
Missionary
. “Thu Supr6^^Hp:t|a|ted ';
have recognize^HpVRninan^Pf the Chi
ked-Iudiuns r in opposition to the clam
Georgia ; and,the representatives.from C
gia.in Congress assembled, have doi'
upon the floorof thn Hotiso, that Gfrfji
RESIST THE AUTHORITY oWlIAT ,
C HJRT! And if slje docs, what then I whvr ■
force must bo met by furco, or tho laws fall,
the UNION IS DISSOLVED, and we aro
led without tr.statute toi^Kct, or a Cm^ to
try a PIRATE! Aye, tlFunion is d^Bred
— the Atheriran States cease to be
lie-i»t>'e.Cnnstit'utidn:whioli, received tho sane,
tion of WASHINGTON, is given to tho
'windsr and A.narchy’,.Bloodshed,-and Plun.
der stalk forth without riccheck'!’ .
, -: Tlici-e is treason where treason is most
j>rnne tp hp fatal—at the HEAD OF THE
GOVERN WENT
.-1 fi’liiu is really,laogliable—‘force,ucst bb
met by pdncBj'.ayr, that’s fine—men. wh>
could only meet the enriniy' during, the .last
war, under the ‘WHITE FLAG’ of submis
sion,to talk offeree—why, Fulstaff had more
modesty. “’*And tlieri to'accuso Old Hickory
jt)f tr- ason—-and• this from a porty accused
liy their own leader, J. Q. ADAMS, of trea.
sohahle acts. But this ufter all is not. more
foolish tlian the usual conduct of tliatnairty..
losiah Quiney proposed to impeach Jefferson,
*uu-his as.-ociates accuse Jackspn of treason.
Boston States m an'.
c o m jrcia3lT
CATUST' MVKUR031. nATBS...
I.ATEST IIA-VHS' T) ATi:a,
....FKUIICAHY 13
..'..trensuARv M
Savannah ExpbafsV.ApRiL 4.
' Br. bark Royal Adelaide, for Liverpool—
1305 bales.Upkind find 26 bales; Sea Island
Cotton.. ’ - ;
Corrl’jpordi-nca of iho Journal.orCoinmrrce.
■ London, February 14,1832.—.Cotton is ia
fay'Ofr nml If there vyore a large stock, ex-
*7 **. " ■ ' tvhnVo lipeeulatioilfi would take place. Goods
lndmnB, „ t Manclicator and llio stocks of
including all .tjibse .north ofHigh Tower,
have' enrolled 'foi*'crpigration. The-lihenil
anii.wiso. views of Governor Cass, as exhibU
tod in Ins reports on Indian jiffalre, lus.jair-
jncsbns well os,ability in managingrtliejn,
connected wrth the effect produced by .the
reports of that excellent apd indofatigablo.
Baptist Missionary, McCoyi fin '/the Btate of*
the omigreting Indians in their new homes,
have done muoli in sofloning opposition nml
raiv niatorial* Ih.the Continental markots are.
much reduced,"which causes;a good demand
for exporfo. ' Rice dull. The demand for A-
nierican Stocks continues. .
f O O Kmt G t* XT B.
(k5".The subscribers to tho Jockey Club,ore-,
informed that their first duo bill’is now pay-
Cl . able, and that the. subscriber is authorized
inf’pirng confi.lenrc in nunrters where I did !, - ., , * „ . . „ . , - - ■ . “
not expect-to find this , result ih soon. I hy the Club to collect all monies due. .
mean. nf c«iursc, acriong thh honest and real,
and not political friends ofthe.Indians'."
1^ — I£i'Q. J’ost.
• In an.'cc^unt inan old North Curo'inv p-ip'.r of.h
4lh "ft July e'e ••br.lii?n, iho editor commences Ins de
scription thus—- . -
** Ai sun-riso our hearts throbbed wiih.burrting peals
ororJnanco'—nnd at sun-sot iho’earth shook, with re
verberating exploi obi 1“ ' t
Mr.’Ctrcj is oboul to pub ish a pimphlcl on tho
Tariff Question, *• being an inquiry wheihor an amica-
blo arrangement is not practicable belwi-en the ftiends
and enemies or the tariff*, and the suggestion of a plain,
simple and rational plan nf compromise, whereby con
ciliation may take place,- without any material injury
to the raanuftctitring interest, and yet tho ..objection o*"
the nullifies, who really wish tho. permanoncy of thn
Union may.be obviate.l.” ‘
The account via Havana and Charleston-of 4^d«*
r . . New. York; March 2'..
/ fiutlsnn. Ritier—It uffords fis' iilenstiro to
annpunce that th" navigation of lho Hudson
is open to,Albany. 'The stonnihriat Const!-
tijtinu arrived about 4 o’cloclM hi* morning
from Albany;-with about two hundred aud fif-
Ay passengers. VVo loarn -.that show .’com-'
tripneed . falling early yest'-rday morning .at
Albany, and continued until the departure of
’the boat at.2 u’cluck.’. . /
. A slip from, tho Boston Daily. Advertiser
informs us that'; thu thief, who robbed - the
Post office Ip thnt city,.of a letter containing
§700, has beep discpreroil and arrested:
From Pernombuco—i-Tho brig Globe,
Deyere’aii, arrived at Philadelphia yesterday
from Pernambuco. Capt, D. sniled on the
10t)i of Feb. He states that the cotton crop
in the provinces of Pernambuco and B-ihia had
failed: the sugar cane 'had received great
damage from the heavy rain.
- Mr. Adams has offered in'-tho House of
llepresentatives, a bill to amend tho revenue
law* wlih li. it is said, does little credit to his
supposed desire to conciliate ihechflxirent par
ties. on the t-inff question A letter which
\T “ ‘"'Tv “ VO Kaye received 'from , w » ho hna iconX
° r T " « c,. c . *WY* s . lys: - It i, a revisi-d odilion of Ajr jHollf-
Cn»,M.rch4, wind,» cottoboi.ini by The Ceneer ry . a bill, but still worse. If his tariff ie to be
■flho .atnedatn: . llho tl|Ot bd], lienfen prCBOrtO our revenue
“At five this morning, Gen. Santa Annn . laws nnd the Union.”
RICHARD D. ARNOLD, Soc’y.
April'dd. 1818. •
M AR I1N.K ilOURNAL.
..5- 44 | sun sits.,.,,fl IQ
nion waTcii at tvhkc. ;„10 S3
HIGH WATtK AT | .,12 40
PORT OF SAVANNAH..APBIL 5
CLEARED,
Uf. bark Royal. Ailc aide, Tnil, Liverpool.
John ih James Reid,
ARRIVED,
Schooner DiiKnlb, CoWarr, Ch .rlesion, lo Bayard
& Il'intcc. Merchandise to L.,Baldwin & 'Co, S.
Phi bnck. • ' '
Sh-op John Chevalier, Si-«in, Chorleslnn, 12 hours.
[We ho?e rtn Clu r'csum um’l Ncn-York papers duo
inis day. No N*-w-.]
Sliinn Hmv.rd & Jnmcs,Blnnkeiiship.Dftrion. 27(1
bales Cotlon io B. W. Doloiraier & Co,
SAILEL,
Schooner Mary E len, M Knighl, Washington Cilyv
rCT^-Stenm-boJi Calcd"riia,-Lmvis, from Charley*
ion, for AugUBia, passed up iho river, yesterday! •
' MEMORANDA..
. . Brig Frances, cleared for ihi* port at Phiadolphia,
on iho 27 h. .
llric Union, and schoom-r Plymouth Rock, sailed for
'his.pprt from Ncw-Yoflt, 27ih.-
Sica'i'-parkftt J-ilm Stonny, lo leavo Oharlcaton, to«
uight. ni 9 o’c'ock."'- - • ■ J
Darien, April 2.—Arrived, French fliip Eliza, Dut»
awain. Uisrelerre, ((.uadaloupo.) 9daya.
Jiexo-Orleans, Match 26.—Arrived, e'eamer Poet-
hoaias, from 8, \Y, Pass—reports six sail on diorc at
