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RGIAN:
My Willinm II. Ilullocli,
vrrv a*i» oovkty ntixtatt.
ally I’jjht, j*«r i.»,..T*a UotUn.
I’syal.la Mini-aim vail) In viva nr*-.
Duly Fspe r, for all mouths •#**
Tri-Weekly Paper, par annum »'**• •»•'»«*•
, Tii-Wcckly Paper, for sla months T*”"
Weakly Paper, par Tfcrco Dollar..
... 1n aJranrt
All liavalil* In auianr*.
CPADVERTUUMENTM Inserted at ihs u»usl rnt»«.
l\li * W> * *” I M 11 .. #»..*t fMnvu .
ID*ADVERTISEJH.N Ib Insartcu ai mo iimiii m™.
& Post**# mu.ittc paM on all COMMUNICATIONS,anJ
rtTEKH of basins—.
For Liverpool.
Tim Him Amcricnu ship ELIZABETH
sauuuci;. Capt, Pollard, having oimlmlror
hor cargo ruvuscil, will have iiiiiut*«linl<. deapiilcli.
F«3i.i,.|.‘irw >■ WAHiTiJUitN.
nov IKI -
~Por Havre. ,
Tho first class ship CEYLON, . Knml,
fiBByiia.ItT, having two-thirds of her cargo cm-
Raged, will Wee! with deatmteh. For freight, «p-
Uw LAUD, TUPPKU A 8ISTARK.
doc 8 ‘
JPOI* Now-Vork—(Old llatablinlied Line.)
Tho fiat sailing packet whip OELI A, Capt.
ISZsThaU-hcr, having the greater purl of her cargo
engaged, will have immediate despatch I or
Fteignt or Passage, having extensive iiccommodii-
(John, apply m Caj.l. T. on hoard, at Taylor's
dec'lY 10 COHEN'. MU.I.RH & CO
r»r eiiHiKiEiixini.
A~U Tho Hut nailing packet brig W. I. \N A I •
SttSON, Capt. Levy, Imving part of her cargo
engaged will have quick despatch. For Freight
nr PiUiag", having good accommodations, apply
to Capl. I,, on boanl. at Hunter a n wharf, or to
dec | COHEN. MILLER A CO.
I’or jVtm'-OrltMiiH
j&A The font nailing schooner F.XCIIA NGI'•
SKACnpl. Widgen, will meat with denpalch. For
freight or pnssneo, apply to the master on heard,
or to CllUEN, MILLER A CO.
dec I
For HoMon.
jPa Tho fast sailing achuoner f.OKDI.I.l \,
aSttrnpt, Howe, will meet with quick dcqintih.
For light freight er pussitge, apply to tile master on
hoard at Anderson’* wharf, or lo
dec 7 COHEN,
A
<?ily llolvl.
vannaii, geo.
SAV . .. .
milli milMcrihor taken thin method ol anlnr-lui.g
hi. frieiidn and llm public, that lie ban M,ken
I tin extensive and always well condiie.led I Intel,
and assure* IheinUml lie will u.e every uierlHiii
to mike it in f.iliire deserving of their patronage.
Tho house is now open, and has linen hmnslieil
with new and elegant furniture.
Tne table and Imr will ho constantly supplied
with the host fare, including every luxury lint nn
be had in this market. The wlio'o
1* under hi* own niipcrilitendcnfe.
The rate* are reduced to suit the time*, Gcii-
llemeii run have hoard and lodging by the month
or voar mi reasonable term*.
Travellers are informed that a rnrrtMge will run
regularly between the Central Kail Itoad mid tho
city &. J. McUAHoN.
IlF Tho Charleston Courier, Augusta Chroni
cle, Mille.Igevilla Itccerdor, Mneeii Me«*eugiv,
Federal Union und Standard of Union, -MilleiL'o-
PKENIDB.1T)« MKgaAOII.
At twelve o’clock jcsUrrday the President of the
United Htate* trail •nutted to both Hounes of Cun-
gre * Ilia folio.vilig .Message:
Tu the Senate auil llvnte of
Rrprucntutictiof(Ac United Statu t
In coming together, fellow-citizen*, to enter
again upon the discharge of llie duties with which
the People have churged us, severally, we find
great occasion to rejoice in tire general prosperity
of tin: country. We are in the euioymeut of all
the hles.ing* of civil uud religious liberty, with un
exampled mean* of education, knowledge, and im
provement. Through tho year which i* now
drawing to a close peace lia* been ill our border*
and plenty iu our luibiiiuion**, and although duo use
has vi-ited some lew portion* ol the land with dis
tress nnd mortality, yet in general the health of
the People ha* been preserved, and we are culled
upon by the highest obligations of duty to renew
our thanks and our devotion to our Heavenly Par
ent, who Im*continued to vouchsafe to ns thu emi
nent blessings which surround us, uud v ho ha* so
signally crowned the year with hi* goodness. If
wo lilid ourselves increasing, beyond ex'imide, in
number*, in itrength, in weidill, in knowledge, in
every tiling vvhieli promote* human and social
happiness, let u* over r> member our dependence
for all these on the protection and merciliil dispen
sations of Oivino Providence.
Since vour last adjournment, Alexander Me-
Lend, n liritish subject, who vva* indicted for the
murder of an American citizen, and whose case
Im* been the subject of a correspondent-!! hereto
fore coiiimiinicsled to you, h i* been ncquilled by
tlie verdict of ail impartial and intelligent jury, and
Im*, under (he jiidgmcut of the conn, been regu
larly discharged.
Gri-ut Britain having innde known to thi* Gov-
ermnent that the expedition which wn* lilted out
from t'anada for tho dc.triicliou of the sieaiiilmut
Caroline, in the w inter of J ".17, and which resulted
ill the destruction of said boat ami in the death of
an American citizen, was iimlei'lukcn !• y orders
vm muling Iinm the aolhorilics of the liritish Gov-
rrttin*'lit ill Cauud i, and ilemaiidiiig the discharge
of Mel.end upon the ground that, if engaged iu
that cxpcdiiiou, he did lint fulfil thu order* of his
(iuYornmciit, has thus been uilMWeied ill the only
way iu which she could lie answ ered by u Govern-
uiuiit, the power* of w hich aro distributed among
its several department* by the liiml.imcutal law.
Happily for tho people of Grout Britain, u* well as
those of the United Stales, the only mode by which
an individual arraigned foracrimilial olleiice before
the coiirhvof either can obtain hi* discharge, is hy
the iudepemleiit urtiou of the judiciary, and by
pioecnlingH equally familiar to the court* of both
countries.
If in Hrent ltrilniu a power exist* in the Crown
to cause to In; entered a nolle protequi, vvhieli is not
the case with the lUcciilive power of tin 1 Foiled
upon a prosecution pending in a .Slate
ville, News, Washington.Tele*ropn, Saudersyiile,
Bantling, Forsyth. Floridian, Tnlluliiuwce,mid Her
ald, St. Augustine, will please give the aheve ail-
verii aiiiiant four insertion* and forward iln ir hill*
verti mutant four insertion*
to thi* ollire. _ •
For. Sale.
M The House mid Ltd, No. .ill, Franklin
Ward, north corner of Broughton and West
Broad street*. The llou*o is large and column,
diom and thu location dedrable.
AMO,
Lot No a, Kyle* Tythlug, llentlicoto Waul, on
tirouxiiton-itrret. next east of the First Presbyte
rian Church, and now occupied hv Mr. Geo. (J.
paries. For nrioo and terms, apply lo
novSlS JofCUMMINU
"I'orSnlfl.
That eouifortalile brick Dwelling on Jcl-
ii street, ami now occupied hv 8-iimiel
ij. PoMcwsion given thu 1st January
naxt. For term*, apply to
BOV 30 IM 8, SOLOMONS St f’O.
To Kent,
JfA Two Dwelling Houses in a central ailua-
/ A ».,in IVb
_,tion, (Aiuoii Ward) will ho routed low, on
application to
,10*27‘ HOW. IIAIIKKSIIAM st SON.
To Item*
frJL A Pleasant and comfortable House, at
^Apresont occupied by tho subscriber, on Bay,
near. Montgomery street. Tho house contain-,
five well finished rooms, and there is mi excellent
kitchen, with two good keeping room* lor servants
and a yard attached Puatexsiuii given immediately.
Apply h» nov 1 J. McMAIIQN.
To bo ilonlori or Hold,
M TIm store uud dwelling oil the corner ol
Liberty and Drayton street*. The dwelling
contain* on the first and second floor, eight com
fortable and well finished room*. There are also
three good garret room*, fine yard room, and all
necessary out building*. Term* moderate. Apply
io JOHN MUKPI1Y,
nov 2 South Bide Market Hqinrc.
For tlnlc, .
m
Jgg
A llotsennd Buggy. Apply to
rr.MrAl.LLS’
M.
TF.H.
Ilikln, llntx.
Hcceived by recent arrivals, large
accession* to our stock of HATS
and CAPS, which renders our as
sortment as complete and extensive
a* can bo found iu tho southern country, vy Inch
will be sold at prices corresponding with tiro times,
*t wholesale or retail, by J. IvF.8 vV 00.
nov 30 Bxy-strc«t, sign of tho Golden Hat.
Court yet t/irrr mi mmu than he.rr, rim tho chief
executive power rescue a prisoner from custody
without mi order of the proper tribunal directing
his discharge.
The precise stage of the proceedings at vvhieli
such order in ay ho made is a matter ofiiiuiiieiiial
regulation exclusively, mid not lo he ruiimhiuied of
by nny other Government. In case* nr this kind
n’Goveriimciit heroine* politically responsible on
ly win'll it* tribunal* of last result are shown to have
rendered unjust and injurious judgments in matter*
not do11111 lilt. To the 0 •tahhshmeiit mid elm-ida-
lion of llii* principle, iio nation has lent its author
ity more etlieiently than Great Britain. Alexander
McLeod having hi* option either to proseeuiu *i
writ of error from the d-*eision of the ,Supremo
Court ol’Now-York, vvhieli hud been rendered up
on hisapplicaiiou for ii ilisehmgo, to the Supteim,
Court of the United Status, or to submit his ruse lo
tllflilerision of a jury, jiieferred the latter, deeming
it thu eodical mode of obtaining III* liberation; uud
thu result has fully sustained the wisdom of In*
choice. The manner in vvhieli the istite submitted
wa* tried wilt satisfy the I'.iiglish Government that
tho principle* of justice vvi I never fail to govern tho
enlightened ilccoiuti of an American tiihuiial. 1
f.-imint fail, however, to suggest to CoiigrcM tho
propriety, and iu smuedegreu the lit res, in- ol'liiu-
king such provisions hy law, so far ns they may
constitutionally do ho, for tin, removal of their
ciunuiencomoiit.iuid at tho option of the party, of
all such case* a* may hcrculler arise, and vvhieli
may involve the faithful observuncu and execution
of our iiiterinlioii.il ohligations, from the State to
the Federal Judiciary. This Goveimneiit.liy our
institutions, is charged with the mainiainmiee of
peace .imlllio preservation of amicnlile relation*
with the nation* of the earth,and ought to possess,
without question, all the reasonable mid proper
mean* of maintaining the uiie mul pn^erv uig the
other. Whilst just confidence is felt in the J iiiliciu-
ry of the State*, yet thi* Government ought to he
competent initscll'lor the fulfilment of the high du-
duties which have been devolved upon it, un.ier
the organic law, hy the State* thumselve*.
Iii the month of September,n party ofnrmed men
from Upper Canada invaded tho territory of tho
United Slates, nutl forcibly seized upon the person
nf one Grogan, uud. under circumstance* of great
hnralincM, hurriedly carried him beyond the limits
of the Uuitud State*, nnd delivered him up to the
authorities of Upper Funndn. His immediate dis
charge was ordered hy those authorities uiioti the
In
J UST received by late nrrrivnt* ami for mIo by
Urn subscriber* at low price*, u choice lot of
GOLD AND SlLYLll WATCIILS,
(tlie cave* of which arn of their own manufacture.)
Rich Jewelry of the latest fashion*: Silver Ware,
Perfumery, Military and Fancy Good*.
DIBULK *V JACKS,
doct Market Squ ire.
Lcitcn of lluracv Wttlpolc. ~
(7T AKL of Oxford, inrluding numerou* letters
JLj now first publislicd from tho original tiiauu-
ocriota.
Tales and Souvenir* of a residuum in F.urnpe,
by a Lady of Virginia.
Stanley Thom, by Henry Cncklon. F.*q.Author
•1“ Valentine Vox. tbs Ventriloquist"
Family Kecord or tlie Two Sisters, by tady
Clnrlotte Bury.
Gem* from Traveller*; Illustrative of various
passages in Holy Scripture.
Appleton & Co’*, illustrated edition of tlie 1 jfe
of Napoleon vol. I. For sale hy
dec 6
-rui/uAa punsE.
Wnnlpd,
A YOUNG negro vvoiuati, '(field hand) for
whom a liberal price in cash will he i»aid.
Apply to COHEN Si FOSD1CK.
cm 8
1000
drcil
Corn.
BUSHELS Maryland white Com,
of prime quality, in store and for
FRANCIS SORREL & CO.
Ilnvnnn While Sngtir.
■g BOXES, landing aud for sale low. hy
III FRANCIS SORREL A.CO.
A furllier nupply of
1IIB llitatory of Chrutiamty, or Key. II. II.
I* ,- , - ,
Mil man, with prefixes and notes by James
Murdock, l>. D.
Stevsiis* Central America, Cluapu and \ucj-
Nestvrian*. or the Lost Tribes, by Dr.
‘1,1). Received
IIOMAS PURSE.
t|ieiealii«ii«Hi i:oirelii|im ”
M Frreb/lerixti (’hurclii for the u«j of
rlavse* an4ji;iv *tu mvm**er*,hy
'‘‘Mi
Pastor ofilhe nvcuuJ r<v»h»lrfi«u
IM, 8. c. . I
m Pres6ilcnaui*<o, hy Uie sam* author
l7l/ ; t TlloMAS I'URSi:
fiiets nf the ea*e being hrouglil tu their knowledge—
a course of procedure vv hieli was lo havo been ex
pected from a nation with whom wo are at pence,
mul which vva* not more dun to the right* of llm
United State* than to it* own regard for justice.
The corre*poudetieo vvhieli passed between the
Department of State nnd tho British Envoy, .Air.
Fox, mul with the Government of Vermont.u*
Minn us the fucl-i hud been made known to llii* De
partment, are herewith communicated.
I regiei that it i* not iu my power to make
known to you an equally Mitiifnctory coucIimiou
in the case oftlie Caroline steamer, with thu cir
cumstance* eoiiuce.jed with llm dcNtructiou of
vvhieli, iu Deeemliur, IS37, hy an nriiied force,
titled out in the l’rovjiieo of Upper Canada, you
aro already made acquainted. No «uch atone
ment a* wn* due for the puhhe wrong done to the
Uuitud Stntoshy this itiviiMun uf her territory, so
wholly irreconcilable with her right* a* mi inde
pendent power, ha* yet been made. In the view
taken hy thi* government, tho inquiry whether the
vessel was in the employment of those who vvero
proieeutingan tin iiuluifizi-d war :igain*l that Pro
vince, or was engaged hy tho owner in the hnsi-
ness of trnuspniuiig passengers to uud from Nav y
Island, ill hope* nf private gain, which was iuo*t
probably the 0.1*0, iu Iio degree alters tlie leal
oiiestion at i**uo between the two government*.
Tin* Government can never concede to nny foreign
Government thu power, except in a case of tho
mint iirgiut slid extreme necessity, ofi invading
its territory, cither to uriest the nerMiu* or dcstrov
the property of those who may have violahvl the
municipal Invv* of such foreign government, or
have disregarded their ohliyalions arising under
tlie law Ol nation*. The territory of the United
Stales uiu*l he rcgnrdcd as sacrediy secure sgaiiut
allvuch invasion*, until they shall voluntarily ac
knowledge their inability to' acquit themselves of
their duties to others. And, iu announcing thi*
sentiment. I do hut alliiin a principle which no
nation on earth w ould he tuoio ready to vindicate
at all hazard*, than the people and Government of
Great Britain.
If. open a full investigation of nil the facts, it
slinll appour that the owner of tlie Caroline was
govern' d hy a hostile intent, or had uudo common
cau«o with tlioso who vvero iu the occupancy ol
Navy Island, then, *o far a* lie i* concerned, there
can he no claim to indemnity for tho destruction of
hi* lieat which this Government would feel itself
bound to prosecute—since he would havo noted not
only iu derogation of the right* of Great Britain,
Inn’ in clear violation of the law* of the United
Stales; but that is a question which, however M i
lled, in no nimucr involv e* tho higher considera
tion of the violation of territorial sovereignty aud
jurisdiction. To recognize it a* nn admissible
practice that each Government, in its turn, upon
any sudden and uiixullierived outbreak, which on a
fionlicr the extent of which lenders it impossible
for either to have nn ctlicieol forte on every mile
of it. and which outbreak, therefore, neither may
he able to suppress iu a day, may tnko vengeance
into its own hand*, and, without even a remon
strance, and iu the absence of any pressing or over
ruling necessity, may invade ilia territory of the
other, would inevitably lead to result* equally to be
deplored by both. When border coUi»ion* conic to
receive tho sanction or lo be made on the authority
of either Government, general wartnu*t he the in
evitable result. While it is the ardent de«ir* of the
United States to cultivate the relation* of peace
with til nations, ami to fulfil nil the quite* of good
neighborhood tun uni* those who poMc** territories
adjoining owu, that very deiira would h ad them to
deny tlie right uf MV foreign power in invade their
boundary with an armed force. The correspou-
ilsnee Iwiwceii tlie two Government* on this sub
ject, will at a future dn of vour session, he sub
mitted lo your consideration; nnd m the menu
tune, I i JHiiot hut indulge the hope llut tlie Bri
tish G'»«r mine id will a««th« propm t» «f renoum-
mg, as■ Mil# offntn.oaction, the ptrrrdsii! wh eh
Ih« been sat til the ail'mr at Bridosirr.
I herewith inbuilt thncuir#«pimdrn*-r which ha*
recently taken place between tho American Minis
ter at tlie Court of St. James, Mr. 8tevim*iii,und
ll.u Minister of Foreign Alliiir* of that Govern
ment, ou the right claimed hy llut Government to
visit uud detain vessels sailing under the Amcricnu
Hag, uud en.ugcd in prosecuting lawful tommercu
iu (hu African seat. Our couimeiciul inuresU in
Uiut region Invo experienced considerable ill-
crease, and havehecoimi an object ni much impor
tance, and it is the duty of this Government to pro
tect them against all improper uud vexulious inter
ruption. However desirous the United State*
may he for tlie suppression of the slave trade, they
cannot consent to uiterpolution* into the maritime
code at the mere will uud pleasure nf other Gov
ernments. We deny the right of any such inter
polation to any one, or all tin; nation* of the earth,
wilout our consent. We claim to have a voice in
all amendment* or alteration* of that code; und
which we ure given to underNtuiid, us in thi* in
stance, hy a foreign government, that it* treaties
witii oilier nation.* cannot hu executed without thu
establishment and enforcement of new principle*
uf maritime police, to he upplied withmu our con
sent, we mini employ a Inugu igo neither of equivo
cal import nor susceptible of misconstruction. Am
erican citizens prosecuting a lawful commerce ill
tlie African sous, under thu llug of tlieir country,
are not rc*pon*ihlu for thu abuse or unlawful u»o
of Unit Hag hy othurs; nor can they rightfully, on
account of any such alleged uhuse*, hu interrupted,
molested, or detained whilu on thu ocean; uud if
thu* iiiiilusted and detained, while purMiiug honest
voyage* in the u-ual way, aud violating no law
tlieuiMulves, Uiey are umpie-tionubly entitled to in
demnity. Tlirn Government has inuiiil'usted its re*
piiguuiicc to thu slave trade in a manner which can-
ol he Uii-uindcrMood. By it* fundamental law it
prescribed limitsm point ol tune to it.* continuance;
aud ugtiiii.-d it* own citizen* who might so lar forget
the right* of Immunity a* to engage in thut wicked
trallie, it has lung since, hy its miimoijiul law*, *Ju-
liotiiiccd die most condign iiiiiiisiunciil. Many of
the State* composing tin* Union had made appeal*
to the civilized world lor its suppression long be
fore thu moral noiisu of other nation* had hccom.i
shocked hy the iniquities of llm tratlie.
Whether thi* Government should now enter into
Ireatie* containing mutual stipulation* upon dim
subject, is a subject for its mature deliberation.—
Orton it is, that if llm right to detain American
ship* on the high *.-u* can he justified oil the plea
of ii necessity fur such detention, ai rising out of
tho existence uf treaties between other nation*, the
same plea may lie extended and enlarged hy thu
new Miipidutinti* nf new treaties, to which llm Uni
ted Slates may not he n parly. This Government
will not cease to urge upon that of Great Britain
full and ample remuneration I'orall losses, whether
anting from detention or otherwise, to which Am
erican! citizen* have heretofore been or may Imru-
idler he subjected, hy llm exercise of rights which
llii* Government cannot recognise a* legitimate
and proper. Nor will I indulge n doubt lint that
llm i»e use ofjuiliro of Great Britain will constrain
her to make retribution lor any wrong or hi.-*
which any American citizen engaged iu the pro-
sedition of lawful commerce liny have experien
ced at tlte hand of Imr cruisers or other public au
thorities. Thi* Government, at the sume time,
will relax lie eli'orl to prevent it* citizens, if there
he any so disposed, from proseeutiug a truflic ho
revolting to tho feeling* of humanity. It seek* to
do no mute than to jirotect tlm fair and holiest tra
iler from molcHiatiou ami injury; hut while the en
terprising mariner, engaged in the puisuit of an
hoiioralile trade, is entitled to it* jmitcclion, it will
vi*il with condign punishment other* of an oppo-
Hit,: character.
I invito your attention to existing law* for thu
suppression of thu African slave trade, and recom
mend all such alteration* a* may give to them grea
ter liireo and olllcacy. That the American Hag i*
grossly abused hy tin; abandoned and prulligntc of
other iiuliiin* is hill too piolmhle. Congress has,
not long since, had thi* subject under its consider
ation, uud it* importance well justifies renewed
ami anxious attention.
I also communicate, herewith, n copy ofu cor-
rcMHiudciice between Mr. Stevenson and Lord
PuuticrMou, upon thu subject, mi interesting to
several of tlm Southern Slate*, of tlm rice duties,
which resulted lioimruhly to liiu justice of (Jreat
Britain and advantageously to tlm United State*.
At the opening of thu’last niinu il Mission llm
President iiifbi nied Congre** oftlm progress which
had then been made ill negotiating a convention
betw een this Government and that of England with
a view to the final Hclilenmul oftlm question of tho
boundary between the tciritorial limits oftlm two
counties. I regret to say that little further advaucu-
mom of tho object laid been accomplished since la.it
year; hut thi* i* owing tu circumstance* no way
indicative of any abatement of thu desire of hotli
parlies to husleii the negotiating to its conclusion,
ami tusnillu the question ill dispute a* early as pos
sible. Iu the course ol’tho session, it m my hope
to ho nlilo to aiitmiiuee some further degree of
pro^rcH* toward* tho accomplishment of thi* highly
doMruhie eltd.
The commission appointed hy thi* Government
for thu exploration and survey oftlm line oflioiin-
tlary separating llm State* of Maine and New
Hampshire from thu coulcriniuoii* llriiidi pro
vinces is, ilia believed about to cloieit* field kilior*,
nnd in expected soon to report tlm re.-ulti of it* ex
amination* tu tlm Dupat Uncut of State. The re
port, when received, will ho laid before Congtes*.
The failure on the part of Spain to pay with
punctuality thu interest due under the convention
of 183-1 fortlm Hcltleincnt ofcl.iim*between the two
.rouutric*, hn* uiude it the duty oftlm Executive lo
mil tlm particular attention uf that Government to
tlm subject. A disposition has been tuamfesled hv
it, vvhieli i* believed to hu entirely sincere, to fulfil
itsoblig.itioiH,in ibis respect no soon as it* internal
condition and tlm state of it* finances will permit.
An nrruiijpiumut is iu progress, from thu result of
which it is IriiNlcd that those of our citizens who
have claims under tlm convention will, at iio di*-
taut dav, receive the stipulated payment*
A treaty ofcoiuineice and iiuvigatiou with Bel
gium was concluded uud signed at Washington on
tlm March, IS 10, and was. duly suctioned hy
the Senate oftlm United States. Tlm treaty wus
ratified by Hi* Belgian Majesty, hut did not receive
the approbation oftlie Belgian Chambers within tlm
timu limited hy its terms, and has Umrolhrc become
void.
This occurrence assumes the graver aspect, from
the consideration that, in IS33, a treaty negotiated
between the two Governments, mid ialilicd on thu
part oftlm Uuitud States, failed to he ratified on
the part of Belgium. Tho Representative of that
Government at Washington informs thu Depart
ment of State that he Im* been instructed to give
explanations of the Cannes which oeca-ioimd delay
ill the approval oftlie late treaty hy the Legisla
ture, uud to express Um regret of the King at tlm
•currouee.
The joint commission under the convention with
Texas, to ascertain tho true boundary between Hie
two commit--, ha* concluded its labors; hut the
final report of tlm commissioner of thu United
State* ha* not bean received. It is understood
however, that the meridian lino, a* traced by the
couutiLsion, lies somewhat fuitlier east than the
Tlm claims of our citizens against the Brizilian
Government, o iginating I tom captures and oHier
cause*, are still u:i-‘nn*fied. Tlm United States have,
however, so uniformly shown a disposition to cul
tivate relations ol amity with Hiat umpire, that it is
Imped Um unequivocal tokens of thu miiiic spirit to
ward* os, which an adjustment of the athnrs re
ferred to would uilbrd, will be given without lurUier
avoidable delay.
The war with the Indian tribe* on the peninsu
la of Florida has, during the lust summer and
lull, been prosecuted with untiring activity and
zeal. A summer campaign wo* resolved upon as
Hie be»l mode of bringing it to a close. Our brave
officer* and men who have been engaged in that
service, have suffered toils nnd priv ations, uud ex
hibited mi energy which, in any other war, would
have won for Umm unfailing laurels. Ill despite of
tlm .-ickiicss incident to the climate, they liuve pene
trated tlm fastness oftlm Indians, broken up their
encampment*, und harassed them unceasingly.—
Numbers have been captured, and still greater
number* luive surrendered, and have been trans
ported to join their hreHiren on tiio land* else
where nllotcd to them hy thu Government, and a
strong hope is entertained that, under the conduct
uf Um gallant officers at Hio head oftlm trooji* iu
Florida, that troublesome aud expensive war i*
destined to a speedy termination. WiUi all the
other ludiuii tribe* we uiu enjoying thu hles-dug-'
of peace. Our duty, u* well u* our best interests,
prompt* ii* to observe, iu ull our intercourse with
them, fidelity in fulfilling our engagement*, the
practice ol* strict justice, ns well a* tlm constant ex
ercise of act* of benevolence und kindness. These
are Hie great instrument* of civilizuUon and
through the use of them ulonu can the untutored
child oftlm forest he induced to listen to it* leach*
Stales, ha* any power to coiwrninUm banks, either
to resume specie payments, or to force them into
liquidation, is an inquiry which will not fail to claim
your consideration. In view oftlie great advan
tage* which nre allowed the corporators, uotainong
avoids oil conflict with State jurisdiction which
I hold to be indispensably requisite. It leaves
Hie hanking privileges of the States without in
terference—look* to Um Treasury and tlm Union
nui, while furnishing every finality to tlm first,
Um least of which is tho authority contained in most i* eureful oftlm interest of llm Inst. But above all,
of their charter*, to make loan* to three times the j it i* created by law, is ameudnhle by law, and, is
amount of their capital, thereby oflen deriving three I repealed by law; and wedded as l am to no theo-
timesns much interest on the same amount ofum-! ry, hut looking solely to the advancement of the
nny us nny individual is permitted by Invv to re-' public good, I shall he amongst Um very first tb
ceive, no sufficient apology can he urged for u long j urge its repeal, if it he found not lb subserve Um
‘ ’ " :h i .-Li Li-Li. u„ :~.i: i
position hiUierto generally assigned to it, and con
sequently include* ill Texas some part oftlie terri*
lory which hud been considered as belonging lo
the' States of Louisiana and Arkansas.
The United States cannot hut take a deep inter
est iu whatever relate* to thi* young lint grow ing
Kcptihlic. Settled, principally, hy emigrant* from
the United State*, we have the huppiue*.* to know
that the great principles of civil liberty are tlier*;
destined to llourish, under wise iusfi'utiou* ami
wholesome laws; and Uiut, Uirough its example,
another ovideuce i* to ho utfordtfd of Hie capacity
of popular institution* to ndvuuco Uie prosperity,
h.ippiuess, and permanent glory oftlie human rare.’
The great truth, tlial government was made for
the People, and uol Um People for tho Govern*
inent, Iw* already been established in the practice
and hy tho example of Um*e United States; uud wo
can do no other than contemplate it* further exem
plification, by a sister Republic, wiUi the deepest
interest.
Our relation* with llm independent States of this
hemisphere, formerly under the dominion of S pain,
hnvo not undergone any material change within
the past year. The incessant sanguinary conflict*
in or between those countries are to bo greatly de
plored, a* necessarily tending to disable ihem'lium
performing their duties a* members of Um commu
nity of nation*, and rising to tlm destiny which the
position nnd ii>iturnl resource* of many of Uieui
might lead them juulv to anticipate; as constantly
giving occasion, uUo directly or indirectly, for com-
plaiut* on the part nfourcitizens who ro»ort thither
for purpose* of commercial intercourse; and n* re
tarding reparation for wrongs already committed,
some of winch are hv iio ineau* of recent date.
The failure of the t’ougres* of Ecuador to hold a
«e**ion at the time appointed for that purpose in
J notary la»t, will ptohahly render aliortivett treaty
of commerce with Hint Republic, which wus sicttcil
at Uuitii'Oii tin- Ukh of June, IS3D, aud bad been
did) ratified iin our nail, hut which required the b|h
pr»'* >• ton 11* that body prior to it# ratification tiy
the Lcuadomu Executive.
A convention which luuh«eti coM-ludrd with the
Republic of Prrn, providing for the settlement of
rertiinrUnu*ofriHxrn*of ih# L'uitrd States upon
Um tiuvsniiiirut of that Republic will be duly sub
mitted to the Senafr
Tlie Secretary of State, on whom the acts of
Congress liuve devolved tlie duty of directing thu
proceedings For the taking the sixth census, nr enu
meration of ihu inhabitant* of the United Status,
will report to the two Houses tlm progressof thut
vvoik. Tlm enumeration of persons ha* been
completed, uud exhibit* a grand total of 17,0439,453;
making an increase, over Uiu ceustis of 1630, of
4,202,04(3 inhabitants, uud showing again inu ra
tio exceeding 32j percent, for the lust ten years.
From the report oftlie Secretary ofUm Treasu
ry, you will bo informed of the condition oftlie fi
nance.*. Thu baluucu iu the Treu*ury on the first
ol’Jaiiuary last, as stated in Uiu report ol'Uie Secro
tary of Um Treasury, submitted tu Congress at tlm
extra session, was $947,345 0.1. The receipt* in
to the Treasury during Um first three quarters of
this year, from ull source*, amount to $23,40?,-
052 52; llm estimated receipt* for llm fourth quar
ter, amount lo $0,943,097 25, amounting to $30,-
410,1437 77; making with the balance in the Trea
sury uu the 1st ol January last, $31,397,512 SO.
Tlm expenditure* for thu first three quarters of thi*
)« r, amount lo $1,^14,3443 97. Tho expenditures
for thu first three quarters of this year amount tu
$21,731,3413 97. The expenditures of tlie fourth
quurter, as estimated, will amount tu $7,290,723
73; thus making a total of $32,025,070 70; uud lea
ving a deficit lo lioprovidud for on tho first of Jan
uary next of uliout $1327,557 90.
Of the loan of $12,000,000, which was author
ized hy (Congress at it* lust session,only $5,432,72(3
have boon negotiated. The shortness of time
which it hud to ruu hu* presented no inconsidera
ble impediment ill Uie vvuy of its being taken hy
capitalists at home, vvliilu the sume cause would
have operated with much greater foico in thu for-
eigu market. For that reason, tlm foreign market
iiu* not been reported to; ami it is now submitted,
wliullier it would not ho advisable to amend tlm
luw hy making vvliut rcmuiiis undisposed of jiuyu-
hlu utu more distant day.
Should it hu necessary, in nny view that Con
gress may take oftlm subject, to revise the exist
ing luriifi of duties, I beg leave to say that, in the
performance of that moil delicate operation, mod
erate counsels would seem to bo ihu wisest. The
Government under vvhieli it is our happiness to
live owes its existence tu tlm spirit of compromise
which prevailed among its framer*; jurrmg mid
di*coruunt opinion* could only liuvn been rccou-
cilud hy thut noble spirit uf patriotism which
prompted conciliation uud resulted iu harmony. In
llm same spirit thu compromiso hill,as it is com
monly called, was adopted at tlm session of Jti33.
While tlm puopleof no portion ofllto Union will
cvcrhesitntu to pay all necessary taxes for tlm sup
port of Government, yet an iniialo repugnance
exists to the imposition of burden* not really ne
cessary for that object. In imposing ditties, how
ever, tor the purpose* of revenue, a right to discriiu-
itiatu a* to Um urlicle* ou which tlm duty sliull lie
laid, a* well a* thu nmouut, necessarily and most
iroporly exist*; otherwise tlm Govcrnmeiit would
iu placed in llm condition of buying to levy the
same duties upon all urticles, the productive as
well us Uiu unproductive. The slightest duty upon
some might have the eli’ect of cu.i*iug their im
portation to cease; wherens others, entering ex
tensively into the coitMiuiptiou of the country,
might hear tlm heaviest, without any scusihle di
minution in thu amount imported. So, also, tho
Government may lie justified in so discriminating,
hy rufuroucu to other considerations of domestic
policy connected with our manufactures, do long
as tlm duties shall hu laid wiUi distinct reference to
tlie wants of Uie Treasury, no well-founded oljuc-
t on can exist ngniu*t them. It might he esteemed
desirable that no such augmentation of Uie taxes
should take place as would have the effect of an
nulling Um l.iiid-|irucecd* distribution act of the last
scssiou, winch net is declared to he inoperative the
moment the duties are iucrca-cd beyond 20 per
cunt., thu maximum rate established hy thu com
promise act. Some of llm provisions of the com
promise act, which will go iutu cll'ect on die 30llt
day of June next, may, however, be found excee
dingly inconvenient iii practice, under any regula
tions thut Cougres* may adopt.
I refer more particularly to that relating to tho
home valuation. A (Inference iu value of Uie same
articles, to miiiic extent, will necessarily exist ut
diUereut ports; hut that is nhogether insignificant,
when compared with the conllicta iu valuation
which are likely to arise from Uiu ditVercnces of
opinion among the numerous appraiser* of nier-
cfciudisc. In many instances the estimates of val
ue must lie conjectural, and thus as many diHert'itl
rates of valuo may he cstahli.-licd as there are up-
tiruiscrs. These difi'creiiccs iu valuation may also
he increased hy the inclination which, without tho
slightest imputation ou theirhonesty, may arise ou
the part of the appraisers iu Invor of Utetr respec
tive port* of entry. I recommend this whole sub
ject to the consideration of Congress, with a single
additional remark. Certainty and permanency, iu
ituy system of governmental policy, nre iu all res
pect* eminently desirable; lint iiiorc particularly
ts this true iu all that atfieck* trade and commerce,
the operations ol which depend much more on thu
certainty of their return*, nnd calculations which
embrace distant periods of time, then ou high
bounties or duties, which are liable to constant fluc
tuation*. •
At your late session I invi ed your attention to
the condition oftlie currency and exchanges, aud
urged the necessity of adopting Mich tneusttres ns
were consistent with the constitutional competen
cy oftlie Goveriinieut, in order to correct llio uii-
souudiies* oftlie one, nnd as fur us practicable tho
inequalities of the other. No country can ho
in Utc enjoyment of it* lull measure of prosper
ity without the presence of a medium of ex
change approximating to uniformity of value. What
is necessary a* between tho ditlercnt nations of
the •’tuth, is also impottaut as between the inhabi
tant* of the ditl’ereiit parts of the same rouutry;
with the first precious metals constitute the chief
medium of circulation, nud such also would be the
case ns to the last, hut for inventions comparative
ly modern, which have fnriiirlicd. iu place ofgold
and silver, a paper circulation. 1 do not propose
to enter into a comparative attalysisof Uie menu of
the two systems. Such belonged more properly
to the period ol'Uie introduction oftlie puper avs-
t.m, l'he speculative philosopher might find In-
continued suspension ofVpecic payments. Such I purposes and objects for which it may bo indicated,
suspension is productive oftlie greatest detriment | Nor, wifi the plan be submitted withany overween-
cions metals,
any effort Uiat
3|IIVU.,LII,C W, MIL picaiCDk UbllllliLll. | , ..... | - ■ — - J — - - -
, expelling from circulation (lie pre- iug confidence, in the sufficiency of my own judg-
dm! serious!) hnzordiugthe success of: inent,but wiUi much greater reliance on Uie wisdom
it tin's Government can make, to in- and patriotism ofiCongrets. I cuunot abandon thu
Mn ..!.l .....I in ,1... inlii.ipt iivinti win ill tlm ni„«t pm.
crease commercial facilities, aud to ndvauec Uie
public interesU.
Thi* is Uie more to be regretted and the indis
pensable necessity for u sound currency becomes
the more manifest when wo reflect ou thu vast
amount of thu internal cumiucrcu oftlie country.
Of this we have no statistics, nor just data for form
ing adequate opinions. But there can he uo doubt,
hut that the amount of transportation coastwise, hy
sea and thu transportation inland hy rail roads und
subject without urging upon you, iu the most em
phatic manner, whatever may be your acUon on
thu suggestions which 1 have felt it to he my duty
to relieve Uiu Chief Executive .Magistrate by any
oud ull constitutional means, from a controlling
power over the public Treasury. If, to Uie plau
proposed, should you deem it vvorUiy of your con
sideration, that separation is not a* complete as you
may desire, you will, doubtless, amend it in that
particular. For myself, I disclaim ull desire to Imvo
canals, und hy steam boats and oUier inode* of! nnv control over the public money*, other than
conveyance, over tho surface of our vast river* and ‘ wlint isindisjieusably necessary, to execute the
immense luke*, and the value of properly carried I laws which you may pnss.
b of property carried I laws which von may pi
and interchanged hy these means, form u general Nor can I fail to advert, in Uiis connexion, to the
aggregate, to which tlie foreign commerce of the debts which many of Uie States of the Union hove
country, large as it is,makes hut a distantapproach. ! contracted abroad, and tuidcr which they continue
In the absence cl* any controlling power over I to labor. Thut indebtedness amount* to’ a sum not
Uiis subject, which hy forcing a general resumption ‘ !<?** than $24)0,000,000, and which ha* bfecn letribu-
of specie payments would nt once have Uiu effect 1 ted to them, for thu most purl, in works of internnl
of restoring a sound medium of exchange, uud ! improvement, which are destined to prove of vast
would leave to the country lint little to desire, vvliut importance in ultimately advancing tlieir prospori •
measure of relief, falling within the limits of our ! tv undwcalUi. For Uie debts Unis contracted, tho
constitutional competency, does it become this Go- States are alono responsible. I can do no more
'eminent lo adopt?
last session, under
t ItWusiny painful duty ntyour ' thnn express the belief that each State will feel it-
the weight or most solemn obli-: “elf bound by every consideration of honor, ns well
gatious, to differ witii Congress oil thu measures
which it proposed for-iny approval, aud which it
doubtless regarded as corrective of existing evils.
Subsequent reflection, nnd event* since occurring,
have only served lo confirm mo in the opinions then
entertained, and frankly expressed.
I mst be permitted to au’d, that no scheme of Go
vernmental policy .unaided by individual exertions,
can hu available for ameliorating thu present con
dition of things. Commercial modes of exchange
and good currency, ure hut thu necessary mean* of
commerce and intercourse, not tlie direct produc
tive source* of wealth. Wealth can only ho accu
mulated hy the earnings of industry, aud the sa
yings of frugality; nuu nothing can ho nioro ill-
judged than to look to facilities iu borrowing, or to
a redundant circulation for the power of discharg
ing pecuniary obligations. Tho country is full of
resources nnd the people full of energy, and tho
great and permanent remedy for present embar
rassment* must he sought in industry, economy,
the observance of good faith, aud the favorable iu-
liucncu of time.
In pursuance of » pledge given to you ill my last
message to Congress, which pledge 1 urge ns an
apology for adventuring to present you the details
of any plan, the Secretary of tho Treasury will be
ready to Mitunit to you, should you require it, a
plan of finance which, while it throw* around the
public treasure reasonable guards for its protection,
and rests on powers acknowledged in practice to
exist from the origin oftlie Government, will uttho
same time, funiisli to the country n sound paper
medium, uud allord nil reasonable facililes lor re
gulating the Exchanges. When submitted, you
will perceive in it » plan amendatory of tho exist
ing laws in relutioti to Uie Treasury Department—
.subordinate in all respects to the will of Cougres*
directly, aud the will ol'Uio people indirectly—self-
sustaining, should it be found in practice to realize
its promises in theory, und repnulublc ut flic pleas
ure of (Jougress. It proposes hy effectual restraints,
aud hy invoking the true spirit of our institutions,
to separate the purse from the sword; or more pro
perly to speak, denies any other control to the Pre
sident over the agents who may be selected to carry
it into execution, hut what may he indispensably
necessary to secure the fidelity of such agents; and,
by vviso regulations, keeps plainly apart from each
oUier, private uud public funds, it contemplates
tho establishment ofn Board of Control, ut thu Scat
of Government, with agencies ut prominent com
mercial points, or wherever else Congres* shall di
rect,for the safe keeping aud disbursement oftlie
public moneys, and n substitution, at the option of
the public creditor, of Treasury notes, iu lieu of
gold and silver. It proposes to limit thu issues to nn
nmouut not to exceed $15,000,900—without tho
express sanction oftlie Legislative power. It also
authorizes Uie receiptofiiidividulUdeposits ofgold
and silver to n limited amount, nnd the granting
ceritilicute* of deposite, divided into such sums us
may ho called for by Uie depositors. It proceeds a
step further, and authorizes thu purchase and sale
of Domestic Bills and drufis, resting ou u real und
substantial basis, payable at sight, or having hilt a
short limn to run, uud drawu ou places uot less than
ono hundred miles opart—which auUiority, except
in so far us may he necessary for Government pur
poses exclusively, is only to he exerted upon the
express condition, that it* exercise shall not be pro
hibited by the Statu in which Uie agency is situuted.
In order to cover the expenses incident to the
plan, it will he authorized to receive moderate
premium* for certificates issued ou deposit*, und
on hill* bought and sold, and thus, as fur as its deal
ings extend, to liiruish facilities to commercial in
tercourse ut the lowest posAlhlo rate*, nnd to sub
duct fiotnthu earnings of industry, the least possi
ble sum. It uses tlie State Bank* at u distance
from the agencies, asntixilarics, without imparting
any powerto trade iiiitsnnuio It is subjected to
such guards ami restraints as have uppourud to be
necessary. It is thu creature of luw, und exist*
only ut Uie pleasure of the legislature. It is made to
rest oil an actual specie basis, iu ohier to reJeem
tho notes at tho places of issue—produces no dan
gerous redundancy ofcirculation—a fiords no tump
tation to speculation—is attended hy no inilaUon
of prices—is equable iu its operation—makes the
Treasury Notes, which i may use along with the
certificates ofdeposit, and thu notes of specio pay
ing hanks—convertible nt Uie place where collect
ed, receivable in payment of Government dues,
and, without violating nny principle nf Uie Gonsti-
ration, affords Uiu Government tuid Uio people
such facilities as nro called for by tho wonts of
both. Such, it Ins appeared to me, uro its rccom-
mcmlations, and in view of them it will he submit
ted, whenever you may require it, to your con
sideration.
I nm not able to perceive Hint nny fair nndcondid
objection cun he urged against the plan, tlie prin
cipal outlines of which I Tiavo thus presumed. I
cannot doubt hut that Uiu note* which it proposes
to furnish, ut Uio voluntary option of tho public
creditor, issued in lieu of the revenue and iu cer
tificates of depusite, will he iimmtuiiiednt nn equal
ity with gold and silver, every where. They ure
redeemable in gold and silver on demand, nt the
places of issue. They are receivable every where,
in puyuiont of Government dues. The Treasury
notes nre limited to an amount of ono-fourth less
duccmcnt* to prosecute the inquiry, ami his
searches could only lead him to conclude that Uie
paper system had probably better never have been
introduced, nnd Hint society might have been much
happier without it. The practical statesman has a
very different task to perform. He bus to look at
thing* «* they are—to take them as he find* them
—to supply deficiencies, and to prime excesses as
far ns iu him lies. The task of furuidiing a correc
tive for doruugemeiit* of the paper medium with
us. i* almost inexpressibly great. The power ex
erted hy tho State* to charter banking corpora
tions, and nhich, laving been carried to a great
excess, ha* filled the country with, in most ol the
States, an irredeemable paper medium, U an evil
which, in Mime way or other, requires a com-c-
lie e. The rates at which bills of exchange are ne
gotiated belli ecu different part* of the country,
furnish an index of Uie value of the local sulMitute
for geld ami silver, which is, in many parts, *o fur
depreciated, as not to lie received except nt a large
discount, in jayinent of debts, or in Ui# prurhase
of produce. It could earnestly lie desired that e*.
cry hank, nut iiosaessiug the means of rc»uiiip>
tion, should follow Uie example of tho late Enitcd
Stiles Bank ofl'eniuylvanij, and go into liquida
tion. rather than hy icfiwing to do so Iu coutiiine
• in'mi is*.i nr in. m ih# way of aolvvnt in.ntii-
U»ii*, thereby augmenting Um iluUcuInc* turidi ut
to the pmsnt condition of thing. Whether this
iiow ituui’iit, with due regard to the lights of the
than the estimated annual receipts of tiio Treasury;
and ill addition they rest upon Uie faith of Uie Go
vernment for their redemption. If all Uicsu assur
ance* are not sufficient to make Uieui available,then
the idea, as it seem* to me, of famishing u sound
paper medium of exchanges, may be entirely aban
doned.
If a fear be indulged Uiut the Government may
be tempted to run into excess iu its issues, nt any
future day, it seem.* to me that no such apprehen
sion tun reasonably be entertained, until all confi
dence in the rcprcscntaUves of the States and of
the people, ux well as of the people themselves,
shall he lost. The weightiest considerations of
policy require that the restraints now proposed to
bo thrown around tho meusnro should not, for
light causes, be removed. ‘To argue against any
proposed plan it* liability to possible abuse, is to
reject every expedient, since every thing depen
dent on humxu action is liable to abuse. Fifteen
millions of Treasury nutea may be issued as tho
maximum, hut a discretionary power is to hu given
to Uie Board of Control, under Unit sum aud eve
ry consideration will unite iu leading them to feel
their way with caution. For Uie eight first years
of the existence of the lute Unnk of tlie United
States, its circulation barely cxceeaed $4,000,009;
and for five of it* most prosperous years, it was
about equal to $43,000,4X10; furthermore, the au
Uiority given to receive private deposits to n limi
ted amount, and to issue certificates in auch sums
u* may he called for by thu depositors, may e0 fur
fill up the channels ofcirculation as greaUy to di
minish the necessity of ouy coiuidcrnble issue of
Treasury notes. A restraint upon the amount of
private deposit# has tetnied to be well founded,
that iu nuy emergency of trade, confidence might
he mi far shaken in Uie banlutu to iuduce a with
drawal from them of private deposits, wiUi • view
to iiiMire Ibeir illiquesUouahle safety wheu deposi
ted with Uie Government, which might prove emi
nently diiiwtrousto tho Stale Bank*. It is objec
ted that it is proposed to auUiorizo the agencies to
deal iu Bill* of Exchange! It is aiowvred. that
stirh dealing* nre to b« carried on at die lowest
possible primimii—are made to rest on an im*
questionably sound Imi*—ore deigned to re-nil
burse merely U»* expem**# which would otbcrw
devolve upon Um Treasury , and are iu »tnrt
•uhordiuauou to tha decUoiu of Um Suprrme
Court, in Urn case of tlm Bank of AugttSa againat
Karl*, and other reported ram#; and then hy
3 AVAST STAR
MONDAY MORNING, DKC. 13, 1841.
Flag of the Frco! .till b«ur thy sway,
tbidiumi'd through ages yet untoldi
O'er Barth', proud realm, thy Star* diaplay.
Like morning', radiant clouds unrolled.
Flog of the Skin*! .till pcnrlon .bine,
Through ether', uxuro vault uuftirled,
Till every hand and heart entwina,
To *wnnp opprnnlnn from tho World.
Tlii.lu.titutiouiaonoof tlm mo*t deadly hoatiliiy exist,
ing upoiust l tin principle mid form of our Conititution. Tha
Naliou U, at till, lime, to strong und united in It. sentiments,
that it cannot Im ihaknu at till* moment. Out suppose a
series of untoward event* should occur sufficient to bring
into doubt llm t tunpelency of a Republican Government to
innnt a criiii of great danger, or lo unhinge the confidence
oftlm people in the public friuctionarin.| an luntitutiou likn
this penetrating by its hraiicho* every part nf tho Union, act-
ing liyromninnd and in phalanx, may in a critical moment
up-el'the Government. I deem uoGovarumeut safe, which
is under the vassalage of any self constituted authorities, or
any other authority than that uf tho Union, or ita regular
functionaries. What an olulruclian could not thi. Dank of
Ilia United Htiitei. with all it* brunch banks, Iio in time of
wur ’ ll might dictate lo us the peace wo should accept, or,
withdraw it* aid. Ought we then lo give further growth to*
an Institution 10 powerful, so lioctile.— 1 Thomas Jewerjon
as of interest, to meet it* engagement* with punc
tuality. The failure, however, of any one Stale
to do so, should in no degree affect the credit of
the rest; und the foreign capitalist will have no just
cause to experience alarm uu to all other Stale
stocks, hecauso any one or nioro of tho States tuay
neglect to provide wiUi punctuality the mean* of
redeeming Uieir engagement*. Even such States,
should Uicre hu any. considering the great rapidity
with which Uieir resource* ure developing them
selves, will not fuil to ImVo the menus, nt no very
distant day, to redeem their obligations to the ut
most farthing; nor will I doubt but Hint in view nf
that honorable conduct which has evermore govern
ed the States, and the peoplo of this Union, they
will each untl all resort to every legitimate expedi
ent, before they will forego a faithful compliance
with Uieir obligations.
From Uio report oftlie Secretary of War, and
other report* accompanying it you will ho inform
ed of th# progress which ha* been made in the for
tification* designed for the protection of our prin
cipal cities, roudsteads and inland _ frontier during ,
Uie present year, together with their true state and |
condition. They will he prosecuted to completion
with ull Uie oxpodition which Uie mean* placed hy
Congress ut the disposal of Uie executive will ut-
luw.
I recommend particularly to your consideration,
that portion of the Secretary’s report which pro
pose* the establishment of a drain of Military posts
from Council lilutf lo some point ou thu i'ucific
Ocean, within our limits. The heiicfilthcrehydcs-
tiuedto accrue to our citizens engaged iu Uie fur
trade, over that wilderness region, added to Uie im
portance of culti vating friendly relation* with ssiv-
ago tribe* inhabiting it, and ut the same time of giv
ing protection to our frontier settlements, and of
establishing the means of safu iutcrcouise between
the American settlement* nt the mouth of Ute Co
lumbia river, and Uiose ou thi* side of thu Rocky
Mountains, would seem to suggest thu importance
of carrying into effect tho recommendations upon
Uiis head with as little delay ns may lie practicable.
Tho report of the Sec rotary of thu Navy, will
place you iu possession oftlie present condition of
that important uriii of the imlioiin! defence. Every
effort will ho mtido to add to it* efficiency, and 1
cannot too sitongly urge upon you, liberal appro
priations to thut brunch oftlie public service. In
ducement* oftlie weightiest character exist for the
ndoptinu of this courso of policy. Our extended
uud otherwise exposed maritime frontier, calls for
protection, to the furnishing of which uu efficient
naval force is indispensable. We look to no for
eign conquests, nor do vvu propose to enter into
competition with any other nation for supremacy
ou Uiu ocean,—hut it is due uot only to the honor,
hilt to thu security of the Peoplo of Uie United
States, Hint uo nation should lie permitted to invade
our waters at pleasure, uud subject our towns uud
villages to conflagration or pillage. Economy iu
nil brunches oftlie public service, is duo from all
the public ugeuts to the people—but parsimony
alone would suggest Uie withholding oftlie neces
sary means, for the protection of our domestic fire
sides from invasion, and our national honor front
disgrace. I would most earnestly recommend to
Congress, to abstain from all appropriations, for
objects uot absolutely nocs>-ary; hut I lake upon
myself, without n moment nfhesitnncy, ull Uie res
ponsibility of recommending tho increase nnd
prompt equipment of that gallant Navy, which has
lighted up every sea with it* victories, and spead
an inipen.-liable glory over the country.
Thu report of the Postmaster General will
claim your particular attention, not only because of
thu vuluublc suggestion* which it contain*, but be
cause ol'thu great importance which, at all times,
attaches to that interesting branch of Uie public
service. The iucrcuscd expense of transporting
DEMOCRATIC NOMINATION.
FOR CONGRESS.
n
EDWARD J. BLACK.
WALTER T. COLQUITT.
MARK A. COOPER.
CCf’By the steamer Ivnnhoe, Capt. Gale, we re
ceived last evening tho Augusta Chronicle anc£
Sentinel of Saturday. No news. I
The .TKeasMge
Will he found interesting. Wo refrain from coin?
inent, until more space is allowed its* We are
pleased with some portions of it, while we are pre
pared to dissent from others.
pense ol transporting
the mail nlouir Uie principal route* necessarily
claims Uio public attention, und Im* nwukencd a
corresponding solicitude on the part oftlie govern
ment. Tho transmission of the mail must keep
puce with thosu facilities of intercommunication
v/hich ure every tiny becoming greater through tho
building of rail roads nnd the application of stoain
power—but it cannot he disguised that, in order to
do so, the Post Office deportment is subjected to
heavy exactions. Tho lines of communication
between distant part* of tho Union, nre, to u great
extent, occupiedby rail roads, which,in tho nature
ol'thiugs, possesses a complete monopoly, and the
Department is therefore liable to heavy nnd un
reasonable ceargcs. This evil i* destined to great
increase in future, nnd some timely meusure nny
become necessary to guurd ugninst it.
I feel it uiy duty touring under your considera
tion a practice which has grown up in the adminis
tration of Uio Government, and which I nm deeply
cntiviuced, ought to he corrected. I alluded to the
exercise of the power, which usage, rather than
reason, ha* vested in tho President*, of reuipviug
incumbents from office, in order to substitute 0U1-
ers more iu favor with the dominant party. My
own conduct, ill Uiis respect, has been governed hy
n conscientious purpose to exercise Uie removing
power, only incuse* of unfaithfulness or inability,
or in those in which it* exercise appeared necessa
ry, ill order to discountenance or suppress that
spirit of active partisanship ou the part of holders
of office, which not only withdraw* them from tho
steady nnd impartial discharge of their official du
ties, but exerts an undue and injurious iuHiience
over elections, and degrades Uie character of the
Government itself, inasmuch os it exhibits Uie Chief
Magistrate, a* being a party, through hi* agents in
tho secret plots or opon working of political pur
tie*.
In respect to Uie exercise of this power nothing
should he let) to di.-cretiou, which may safely Im
reguluted by law; and it is of high importance to
restrain, as far a* possible, tho stimulus of personal
interest* in public elections. Considering the great
increase which has been made iu public offices iu
tlie last qunrter of a century, and the probability of
fiirUier increase, we incur the hazard of witnessing
violent political contest*, directed too often to the
single object of retaining office, by those who are in,
or obtaining it, hy Uioae who are out. Under tlie
influence of these convictions, I shall cordially con
cur in ouy constitutional measure* for regulating,
aud hy regulating, restraining, tho power of re-
utovul. ,
I suggest for your consideration, the propriety or
making, without further delay, some specific ap
plication of England, for the diffusion of knowl
edge ; and which have heretofore, been vested iii
public stocks, until such time ns Congress should
Uiink proper to give them a specific direction. Nor
will you, I feel confident, permit any ahatemeut of
Uie principal oftlie legacy to be made should it
turn out tnot tlie stocks, in which the vestment*
jin ye been made, havo undergone a depreciation.
Iu conclusion, I commend to your care Uiu in
terest# of Uiis district, for which you nro Uie exclu
sive legislature# Considering that this city is Uie
residence of Uiq Government, and for n large pnrt
of tho year, of Congress; and considering also, tho
great cost of Uie public Uhlidings, and the propriety
ofaffordiug Uieui ut ull times careful protection, it
seems not unreasonable that Congress should con
tribute toward# Um expense of an efficient police.
JOHN TYLER.
Waihixoto*, December7,1841.
Pnuintoon* nnd Veil*.
A COMPLETE assortmentbleck, blue, nhhd
J V aud plain funry Caarinier# PuiiU; Muck und
hlu# Cloth VrMM velvet silk and fancy Veals, re
ceived pr brig Savannah, fur wile hy
HAMILTON A HYMONfl.
Whitaker-*! opposite Fuller. Moot* A Co. und
Hetij. Smd#r nov 32
Ij
nvunna’i, wasj j
go of the eclir-L 1
ay, 4th
From Harnan.
We have been politely fuvorod wiUial’rico
Current und extract* from llnvaun letters, dated
4Ui inst. reccivod yesterday per schr. Savannah,
Capt Fitzgerald, front Havana,
“Tho cargo of Rice per schr. Snv
sold tho30th ult. at 131 rls. Tho cargo
Patriot, from Charleston, sold to-day, 4th
llijrl*. nnd we nre snruthat other cargoes will sedt
at much loss. The prico will continue to bo low J
owing to tho continued arrival of cargoes of rice j
from Charleston.
Current price* of the following article* in the :
Havana market on the 4th inst.—Portland white j j
pine board*, $31 a 30 per M. feet, sales; hoard*
of other Eastern port*, 27 n 29; pitch pine hoard*,
22n 25; shingles, $3a 4 per M.; hoop*, 34 a 30; J
per ilk, very dull; hhd. shook* nnd headings, $1 ;
2 rl*. a $14 rk; sugar box shook*, 7 a 8 rk; Amur 1
yellow butter, 17 a 20 per ql.; mould caudles, 12 a j
15; sperm caudle*, 48; Am. cheese, 14 a 18, sales;
codfish, $2 per box 50 Ih*.; Indian cum, shelled,
$4 a 4 4; Philo, nnd Balt, flour, $15; New-Or-
le.ms, $1(3, small stock uud sale*; Eastern lord, 8
6:i 11, dull sale*; mackerel.No. 3,$0 a 6 4, sales;
onion*, 4 a 4 4, sale*; beef, No. 1 and 2, prime and
ines*,7 a 11, sale*; potatoes, $3 n 3 2, sale*; cof
fee is now coming freely into market, 1st qnulity ,
scarce, 2d and 3d quality,8 a 9; honey, 2] per gal.
molasses, 1 a 2; sugars, assorted, 5 9 a 7 11 ;
white, 8J a 10 ; lirown, 5a 0; yellow, 6i a 7, de
clining; sugars, 8 a 25; tobacco, windward;
:5; smoked beef, 10 a 11, sale*.
Exchange.—London CO day* sight, 13J a 14 per
cent.prom. New York34 percent, prem. Bos
ton 34 per eeut. prom. Paris 4 a 1 per cent. prem.
Doubloon* Mexican, J a 1 per cent. prem.
Freights.—United States, j a $1 per box Sugar;
4 Rls. per hug Coffeo; $*2 a 24 per Hhd. Molnsse-t.
An additional 4 per <9. ou Import* and Export*
wa* to he levid ou 1st Dec.
Capt. F. bus furnished us with the following
items:—Tho American Consul,Junto* S. Calhoun,
Esq., arrived at Havana on thu 2d inst. New crop
Coffee 9 a 94 rl*—moderate crop. Three cargoes
of Rice afloat were offered nt 11 rls. Several Ame
rican vessel* wore waiting for Sugar wbou the Sa-
vuunuli sailed.
» 7, do-1
•d; 12u|
Currr*i>on>luiicc of the Savannah Georgian.
MILLEDGEVILLE, Dec. 10,1841.
The Legislature adjourned sine die yesterday,
about 4 o'clock, P. M., nflor a short but laborious
session. I will seud you, by next mail, some of
Uio most important proceedings of Uie two last
days, s
Correijiondenco of tho Savannah Georgian.
WASHINGTON CITY, Doc. 13.
Tho Abolition hall commenced rolling thi* morn
ing, which wa* much sooner Uiun oven iu warmest
friend* expected. It stopped much to Uieir cha
grin in something less Uian two hours. On taking
my customary de*!c iu Uie House uliout 12 o’clock,
1 wn# somewhat taken uback ut perceiving on my
right linud side, that distinguished Whig friugijpjt a
peculiar specie* of property at tho South, Uio Edi
tor of tho New York Emancipator, Joshua Leavitt,
I). D. Ho wa* receiving thu congratulations of
Giddiugs, Granger, Adam*, James, and other Rep„-_
resentative* of Uie Universal Whig party, all of
whom Hccincd to look forward wiUi the certainty
of success for tlieir unholy scheme*. Joshua ha* a
very bad physiogdomy, and if Lavatcr was living,
he would certainly not put him high iu bis esfimato
of character*. Ashe isa parson, however, your
humble servant on Uie ono hand, and the Editor of
Uie Boston AUa* on the oUier, must “grin and
bear” him.
At the roll-call ill Uie House, about 180 mem
bers unswered to Uieir names. There were only
two from Georgia—Messrs. Habersham und Mer-
riwether; one from SouUi Carolina—Mr. Khett;
two from Alabama—Messrs. Houston and Payne;
and nono from Mississippi. This was unfortu
nate, owing to the movement on the Abolition
question. Gov. Dodge, of Wisconsin, nnd Gran
ger, of New York, were swom in by the Speaker, v
After which, Mr. W. C. Johnson of Maryland, j
moved Uiat Uio rule# nnd orders of tho last Con- I
gross should be adopted unUl otherwise ordered, k/
Mr. J. supported hi* resolution in a short speech,
deprecating nny discussion of Uio 21st rule, until
the IIuu#o wo* fully organized, and prepured to
act on the report oftlie Committee appointed last
session, on the subject. This brought out Mr.
J. Q. Adams, who proposed u* an amendment to,'
Mr. Johuiou's resolution, that the 2J*t rule should
be omitted. The old gentleman Uien made
a few of hi* usual hitter, sarcastic remark#, which
were answered hy Sir. Fillmore, who suggested
that u compromise might ho effected. Here, Stan
|y, of N. C., submitted a "compromise,” whicl
was that Uio rules of Uie extra session govern Uu«
House for fifteen days, unless other* bo adopts
before that time expired. This did not suit eiUie
party, however, and it wa* ne atived by a vole ol
843 to 63. Appeals were made from the deeisio/
of Uiu chair in regard to Uie right of speech, b
Messrs. Proflit and Adam#. The first w ithd;
his, and that of the latter resulted favorably
Speaker. Tbc question wa# whether the profit
ou*question precluded debet#, when the Houm
was without rule#. Tho next vot# wm on Mr.
Adams’ ameiiduwnt. »m! it hm negatived l-y i
tot# of 67 lo 84, thus leaving U»# quertiou iu pr#»|
rlsdy the saiueshap* U*» Mr. Johnson pmposedj
,t. The dtmocrory of the North •• usual, stood