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,j otOottromOom, „ , , fa il* tkorwiti ud ftaUUr wipcIUon ot Urt VhM «4 Importmt to- terutaot U» Bute, u<t tot lu dwr m4 "*>> conild- rtX«»m..UUoo., Mmmmd. Iu.lt to lb. lofl- Uitooe ut ,*irtotUm, M mil «* P* 4 ? of tbl! t** pit ot out But*, It U tnlltolj wmeoeuMj for tu to eltcaot «o uulrite of. document ot euoh gonenl . lattmt—ob. which will b. » geuenlly md. »■* dtk. ondlUhUtotli.Bx.ouUn utd the P»P» ° r asSSffl' ' 110,000, New 000, Alfi.no. i. Equitable Ml,- Md i policy for SS’.wo«.. . . dWdod JolloTrlngotnoetsHopo^iaooo, JFUnmI ip attention during jsembly, On the twentieth day of October, 1851, the public debt amounted to ll.tw.iTa.TJ. By the act of De cember 4th. 1851, ratfirjdgU. _ T deceiaor and the Chief Engineer of the Western Jk .lie oontract of my pro- Noptuno $0000.— $48,500 at ‘ WMhtogtim $9000, Boston — The ship Upland waa lnaured for $48&K) at the fol< lowing offices t Neptojha $0000. Hope $0000, Wash ington $0000, SuflblKl9009, Equitable $0000, Triton (0500. The losses wot up at a sum which exoseds a quarter of a million ct dollars.—itodon Transcript. K.morU10otmpond.no. of tho Owngton- _ Pc«aM«nt of tho Monte — Horns*, Governor** MM^ge-MnatorUl K lotion, Ac, «c. MiuawwnLti, Not. 8th. In my notloe yeatetday of the eleotionof President of the Senate, and Speaker of tho House, there wm -om Or two polnte upon which I might bate touohed with pleasurable interest, but for tbo hnny In which 1 wrote. Initiation to the Preeldency of the Sen ate the oourse of Capt. Anderson, of Chatham, de mands, as it is reeeiTing, the tonify approval of every Democrat. And by no one is it more cheerfully, and In a fuller measure, acoorded than by myself. There - jg no doubt bat Captain Anderson received overtures from the Whigs of the Senate, who stood prepared to unite m masst with a few or hi* personal friends among the Democrats, and make him it9 prosiding officer. By rejecting these overtures, aud thus de* cling the glittering prize when within his grasp, and uniting with his own party in favor of the nominee of its canons, he has set an example worthy of all commendation. Let this instance of selt-sacrlilce, at the demand of principles and of party, long be remembered to his praise. The election of Mr. Ward, Speakerof the House, on the eeoond ballot, by a vote of 103, Is a worthy com pliment to that gentleman. It will give great satis faction to bis numerous friends in Savannah, and throughout the State. I record with peculiar plea- ante the efforts of Col. Seward, who is hero, and de- nerTedly influential with tho dominant party In the Legislature, to secure the honors of the Spoakership to this able representative from our city. I look with the utmost confidence to the early removal of what ever unkind feeling may have sprung up among Democrats In the First District during the late Con gressional eleotion. So mote it be. Gov. Cobb’s Message is received with very general favor. Indeed, I have beard but one opinion express ed in relation to its merits. It is to be hoped that most of bis rcoommendations will bo embodied into the action of the Legislature. The all engrossing subject or consideration is of oonrso, the United States Senatonhip. There is some ground for hope that the election will be postponed for two yearn. The suggestion in favor of a post ponement is, I think, gradually growing into favor, and advocated ha it very naturally is by tbe great bo dy of the Whigs, and by a portion of the Democrats, it may be carried out. Should the election come on, tbe predominant feeling among Democrats is in favor of holding a caucus, to which shall be submitted tho claims of tbe different aspirants. The two strongest men for tbe place are doubtless Messrs. McDonald and Cob)>. The friends of both seem to acquiesce in the propriety, if not necessity, of a caucus. Gov. Cobb is understood to have token position very decidedly in favor of a caucus. The Legislature Is engaged to day in counting the votes for Governor. The Inauguration will como off From Tampa* We loam from a gentleman, a passenger on tho steamer on Thursday evening last, who left Tampa a fow days since, that tho yellow faver was fearfally on the increase at that place. We had previously heard that it bad nearly disappeared, but our informant states that there were on Monday last eight new ca ses, most of whloh, it was feared, would prove fatal. Previous to thst time (Monday last) the disease had been confined to tbe troops in the garrison, and 15 bad died from Its effects. The recent cases mention ed were among the citizens or Tampa. This gentleman also informs ns that Capt. Casey bad arrived at Tampa, with authority from the Gov ernment to offer the Indians larger sums In money than were offered by Gon. Blako, as an inducement for thorn to emigrate,. This plan, it was thought, would prove successful, as a report was In circulation that tbo Indians were congregating In high gleo at Peas Creek, expressing their willingness to leave on tho terms now offered. We fear this nows is too good to bo irae.—Jacksonville News, 5th. to-morrow. Hew Publications. The Westminster Review.—We are indebted to Mr. Williams for tho October number of tho West, minster Review, re-published by Lenard Scott & Co., 79 Fulton-st., N. Y. at $3 per annum. Col. Wil liams receives subscriptions for the Review upon the same terms as the publishers. The following is tbe table of contents of the number before us, viz : Religion iu Italy: The Progress of Fiction as an Art j Partnership with Limited liability; The Book of Job ; School claims of languages: Ancient and Modern ; German Mysticism in the Seventeenth Century ; Tho Universal Postulate ; The Progress of Russia ; Contemporary litera ture of England ; Contemporary Literature of America ; Contemporary Literature of Germany; Contemporary Litre- Southern Eclectic.—The November number is received, filled as usual with matter of a most inter* eating and attractive character, os will readily bo seen by reference to the following table of contents, viz : Recent Poems and Translations: Tho Flowers of tho Af fections ; Wearing Mourning for the Dead ; American Au thorship ; The Crown and the Dagger : A Tale of the Third Crusade: Tbe Gold Legend: The Dead Sea and the Bible Lands ; Napoleon and Sir Hudson Lowe ; Modern British Orators ; Sketches of Character ; The Recent Agricultural Ta[r ; P«t’« Wp1rjimn io.tb4R/-nckTBSVnibl fanny’s Port- —" 'Folio; Notes on Shakespeare’s Test; Miss Bremer’s Homes of New World ; The lamp and tho lantern ; Merivale’s Fall of the Roman Republic ; Electra : A story of Modern Times ; Count Arensberg : or, the Days of Martin Luther Notes of tbe Month. Augusta : J. H. Fitten & D. K. Whitaker, edi tore and publishers, $3 per annum. The Eclectic is one of tbe most valuable as it is one of the cheapest publications iu our country. Owing to the length of tho Governor’s message we are compelled to omit tho publication of many intcr- erting details of foreign news, per the Asia, this morning, as also several items of general interest, embracing notices of new publications, dw. Acknowledgment.—Capt. Freeborn, of tho Flori da stearaef St. Johns, will please accept onr thanks for a copy of the Jacksonville News, in advanced of the mail. Scarcity op Laborers in Florida—The News complains at the great want of laborers in and about Jacksonville, and on the St. Johns. It says many works of improvement in that city and vicinity, and much business on the river, iias been greatly retard ed, and, in some coses, wholly abandoned, for want of tho requisite force of laborers to prosecute them— From an extensive personal knowledge of the advanta- gesof soil, climate, markets,health, &c.,in all the the new States of the West, wo have no hesitation in say ing that Florida presents advantages to tbe new Bet- tier in all respects equal if not far surpassing them. Let the emigrant and pioneer seeking a new home ex amine the claims of Florida before otherwise locating himself and family. 'Wholesale dt Retail Grocery Establishment, We Invite attention to Mr. A. Champion’s adver tisement, whloh will be found in another column of this morning’s Georeian. Mr. 0. Is too well known to onr readers, as one of the most enterprising and successful merchants in the Sooth, to be bcnefltted by anything we might Irish to eay of him; and wo therefore deem It only neoessary to Inform his numerous friends throughout the oity and Stato, that he Is yet ready and willing to serve them at bis old Btaud on Bryan street, noar the market. £ Family Grocery Store. * Among the many new business establishments in our city, wo notice that of Messrs. Hyland & O’ Neill, under tbe Marshall House, os being worthy, of apeoial attention. Onr rapidly Increasing population require addi tional facilities in every department of trade, and in none will there be found more ample room for hon orable competition than In the family grocory business Messrs. H. & 0. are favorably known in onr city, and will doubtless receive a liberal share of patronago. We learn that their stock has boon Belcoted with great eare,nyone of the members of tho firm, and that they feel confident of their ability to give entire sat isfaction to all who may favor them with their orders- Dancing—Mr. Niohols opens his Dancing Acad- •my at St. Andrew’s Hall this day; a favorable time for persons intending to do so to Join one of his classes. Mr. N. Is regarded by those competent to Judge in such matters as a well-quallfled and thor ough teacher iu his profession. His previous success in onr city confirms this opinion, and will seenro to him fall classes at once. Charleston Auction Salk—J. b. Ryan, Esq., Auctioneer, Charleston, advertises the sale of Horses and Carriages, to tako place Iu that oity on Friday, the Uth fast. Tbe catalogue embraces valuable stock and some good carriages, all of which Is worthy the attention of those in want of snfib, at good bargains. K Tbe ferry boat James Rumsey, which belonged to the Hoboken and New York Ferry, was discovered to on fire, while lying at the dock, foot of Barclay- «L, N. Y., on the 4th. Fears being entertained that tbe flames might spread to tbe ferry house, dock, and •hipping before they could be suppressed, the boat WM drawn oht into the stream, where she burned to the water’s edge. Loss $20,000. the Una: " These are great honors that von n*v tn Death of Dr. Noyes. We learn from Clinton thst Dr. Joslab Noyes, for merly Professor In Hamilton College, expired at his residence, Tuesday evening, tho 1st inst., nged77. The life and associations of Dr. Noyes have been such as to be worthy of public notice, now that his career is closed. Ho was a native of New Hampshire —and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1801. Among his classmates was Daniel Webster, between whom and himself a close friendship was formed which continued until the death of the former. Among tho last labors of Dr. Noyes was the writing out or his wmininscenccs of Mr. Webster's College life, at the request ortho Literary Executors of that eminent statesman. Dr. Noyes received his medical diploma from Dart mouth in 1800, and then served his Alma Mater two years as a tutor. Next he was elected professor of chemistry and pharmacy in the Fairfield College. At the organization of Hamilton College in 1812, he was invited to tho chair of chemistry and natu ral scirnce. His associates in the original Faculty of Hamilton were Dr. Bakus, Pror. Norton, and Dr. Strong; of these Dr. Strong.nowof Butgers College, la the sole survivor. In 1830, Dr. Noyes's labors, as a pro feasor, closed. The remaining years ot his life were devoted to rural and scientific pursuits. Tbo death of Dr. Noyes will bring sadness to many hearts. His early companions in Btudy and profes sional life, now few and scattered; his former pupils to whom he was stronly attached ; men ot business whom he taught how to accumulate fortunes ; those whom his medical skill relieved : the young who have tasted the exhnustlcssness of his anecdotal aud solid knowledge—all those will feel that they have lost a friend whoso place cannot qo supplied.— Utica Her ald. ■ Atlantlo Railroad, for tho purchase or iron for the State Road. It was increased $200,000. By act of Jan uary 13th, 1852, providing for the repairs and equip- ment of said Road, It was still farther increased the sum of $525,000—and by tho aot authorizing a sub scription to tho MUIedguvIIle and Gordon Railroad, there was added the sura or $20,000, making tbe total amount of the State dobt $2,432,472,22. To this amount should be added the bonded debt of the Cen tral Bank, which is now $360,500 j having boon dim inished by tho payment of $5600, since tho 1st No vember 1851. The total liability or the Btate Is thus seen to be $2,801,072,22,from which must be deduct ed the sum of $160,500, whloh has been paid dnrlug the past two years, under the provisions of tho act or February Uth, 1850, providing far an annual Sinking Fund for the payment of the public debt. Tho pres ent debt of tho State therefore 1b $2,035,472,22. Tbe bonds authorized by the act of 4th December, 1851. were made nuyahle at tbe Btato Treasury, aud the interest payable soral-annually at the bank of the Btate of Georgia, in Savannah. These bonds were negotiated for a premium averaging about two per ceut. I was satisfied that our bonds should command a higher premium, and finding upon nn investigation of the subject, that a more advantageous negotiation could be effected, by making them payable in New York,—I caused the bonds Issued under act of Janua ry Uth, 1852, to bo made payable at the Bank of tho Republic, in the city of New York. They were nego tiated at a premium of 6 per cent. It is the first in stance in whloh our State securities had been dispos ed or at any premium, and it should bo gratifying to our Stato pride to know, that tho bonds of our State now stand among the first securities of their class— The bonds of no State iu the Union command more of the confidence of capitalists who seek a safe invest ment of their funds. This confidence is not misplaced for no Btate in the Union has more ample means to meet its liabilities, and no peoplo are more tenacious of the credit and honor of their Stato, than our own. As tho iutcre8tot a portion of our bonds has to be paid in New York, it becomes necessary for the Trea surer to keep on doposit there, a sufficient sum t of money to meet the interest as it falls due. Tbta has been done under my direction. If any doubts exist os to tho power or propriety of this course—it would be advisable that all such doubts should be quieted by passinga law authorizing such deposits to be made. The necessity of it is so obvious, that I deemit unne cessary to present any argument iu support of the re commendation. iy rooted, . „ Iu most Iiiitanoei it wfifbefonnd that this opposition is limited tii| some provisions oftbo law. whloh may with propriety be modified and Improved, aud far that reason your attention should bo directed to such modifications as will make it conform more exaotly to tho ad valorem principle. Let tho details of the law then bo scrutinized, jta defects brought to light; sud tho proper remedy bo Applied by wise and judi cious amendments, with many persona the merits persons or tho present la# has been subjected to the test of comparing tbe amount of taxes paid by thorn under the two different systems. They find that their tax hua been increased and without further inquiry they attribute that increase entirely to the change of tho law. A simple statement wifi exhibit the incorrect ness of tills conclusion. The amount of taxes collec ted foi the political year 1851, under tho old system, was $201,077 38-100, whilst the amount collected for I refer yon to tho accompanying report of the Trea- 11 be found a tabular statement of Brooklyn Navy Yard—Yesterday morning the isoop-of-war Bainbrldge put to sea for tho naval sta- on the coast of Brazil. The frigate Congress has been rcplanked and repair ed in her upper works. She will be floated out of the dry dock on Wednesday next and receive her masts preparatory to rigging. Tho frigate Sabine, whose keel was laid some 27 years Bince, is still in statu quo. The only occurrence of moraont in relation to her, since her commencement, was the rotting away of the foundation on which Bbe rested, and tho cousequent necessity of their replace- surer, in which will the public debt, showing at what time each portion of it will fall due. From this statement you will iiud that a very largo portion of our debt will become due about the-same time. This matter should receive the attention of yourselves os well as your successors, in order that by a course of wise and judicious legisla tion, the payment of our bonds may be anticipated, otherwise we should bo called upon to make very large payments, within a very short period, which would lead either to burdensome taxation, or an extension of tho time for the eventual liquidation of our liabili ties. Both results can and ought to be avoided. In the present prosperous condition of our State affairs, there will be no difficulty in creatiug a Sinking Fund, which will entirely discharge the public debt, before it shall have fallen due. There should be additional legislation on this subject, giving to tho Executive full power and discretion to appropriate tho surplus means of the Treasury to the purchase of our bonds undersneh lumitattons as your judgment may deem advisable. The present law leaves the question in some doubt, whether or not tho legislature intended any premium should be paid by the State Iu tho pur chase of bonds not yet due. ouch however, Is the present high character of our 8tato securieties with all classes of capitalists, that it is irapossiblo to ob- rosted, and tho cousequeut necessity or tneir replace- tain them a par. As long as individuals are willing inent if she was lengthened about 30 feet and furnish- - • * * ed with a new how, it is said she would be one of the fastest Bhips afloat. Tho frigate Brandywine has been in ordinary for the past two years, and there is no prospect of her be ing refitted, at present. A steam saw-mill has been erected, and tho dock wall is being extended. Nothing further is being done, although over 1,100 men are employed iu tho yard, at an average of $2 per day.—N. Y. Tribune. Pihnk Pukesh Pnios—The following curious phun- nigraphlc advertisement is copied from tho Hartford C our ant:—“ We have phortnnately phetebed in a phew phine phresh phigs, which we warrant phirst rate, and phancy will sell phreely, phairly and phine- ly to old and young pholks, phillibusters, phreo Boil ers or phreemen, puriends and phocs, that are phond of phlnely aud plircqtiently phcaating on such phod- der and phinding no phault. They are phirst rate, would pbill tho tno eye of a Phrencbmau or any oth er phoreigner. They can be pliouud phor sale phor a phew days at Phuller’8,10 Asylum-st—phirst pbioor, a phew pheot nhrom phricud Pliay’s phine phancy round sign. Don’t pliall to plietch a phrlend, if you have phceling for a phine pncllow, and dont phorget to phetch tho phunds, and then there Is no phere but that you will pheast phinely aud pharo well, Melville Island, where Capt. Kellett, of tho Arctio expedition, passed the last winter, and whence his crew first discovered the Investigator, after her event ful voyage, is one of a group of islands in the Polar sea, called tbe Georgian Archipelago. It lies between 74° 25' aud 75° 60'. north latitude, and lOG° andJ broad, and its surface diversified by hills aud valleys. Tho climate is too cold far the growth of trees or shrubs, but in tho ravines and vulcyB grow various kinds of grass, moss and sorrels, which afford food far tbe many herds of musk oxen and deer which fre quent that region in the summer season. Wolves and faxes remain there throughoutthoyear, and tho white bear of the north finds a home among the icebergs which Burronnd it at all seasons. Tho Rev. Messrs. Street and Kensil, tho spiritual advisors of Arthur Spring during his confinement and execution, sold a manuscript containing some inci dents of his life, to Mr. A. IC. Elliott for $100, on con dition that the money should be paid to the Missiona ry Society for tho benefit of the poor. Tho Missiona ry Society voted that it should bo appropriated to the two orphan children of Mrs. Lynch, who was mur- dored by Spring. WD P-. dl ^ MtreconolMth. months. wlth fort J rounds ot ball Tbo Pocifio Railroad Compaq; —j,ir -r®iro*t honors that yon pay to if^Bj^kln^whodid not recognize tho cartridge la our poaches. ” . Tbs tomato Is a native of Booth America, and was fint to adopt lta exUnrivs use, and daring the early of tin Mendelssohn’s Widow.—Mdrae. Mendelssohn Bar th oldy, tho widow of tho lato illustrious composer, has just died at Frankfort, at tho age of thirty-five.— She nas lett four orphans, all of tender years. She was of delicate health ; and tho shock caused by her husband’s uutimely death brought on the consump tive malady which has brought her to the grave.— She was Mdlio. Itonaud, and belonged to ouo of the first farailios of Frankfort. They were married in 1837; and a most happy union of ten years’ duration was dissolved by Mendelssohn’s death, ou November 4, 1847. before he had completed ills thirty-ninth year. Soon after her marriage, Madame Mendelss ohn accompanied her husband in one of his visits to England, and gained the esteem and affection of all his friends in that country by her virtues and amiable qualities. In the first Biblo printed from moveable types, the name of the printerand tho place of publication is not givon. Guttenberg, the Inventor of printing, not only feared that his Bccret would be divulged, but be ing of noble birth, dared not avow publicly that he cultivated a mechanic art. Wanted—A fifer and drummer to beat for the “ march ot intellecta pair of snuffers for the " light of other days a stone-cutter who can drill deep enough to blast the “ rock of ages :” a ring to fit " tho finger of scorn and a now cushion for the “ seat of Government.” Marine Disaster,—The Bremen brig J. W. Bud- decke, Clodius, which sailed from this port far Bre men, on the 29th August, lost her masts, had her stern stovo and foundered, her crew were picked up Sept, lltb, in lat.39 N. r ion. 65 W., by tho Ellse, Lnub, arrived at Antwerp, 18th ult. Tho J. W. Buddecko was cleared by Messrs. Thiermann & Pringle, of this city. Her cargo consisted of 84,850 feet Lumber and 17,094 feet Timber.—Ch. Standard, 8th. Rendition of Yankee Sullivan—In Supreme Court Chambers,this morning, Judge Edwards decld ed thut tho proceedings under tho requisition of the Governor of Massachusetts for the surrender of James alias Yankee Sullivan, an alleged fugitive from jus tice, were regular, and tho prisoner was remanded to tho castody of tho proper officers. Sullivan will bo tried in Massachusetts far violating tbe law of that State against prize fighting. Immense Railroad Receipts—The Erie Railroad receipts for October have been of unprecedented mag nitude : no less than $225,800 from passengers and mails; $327,186 from freights—total $552,095. ThU is an iDcrease of $178,000 over tbe Bamo month last year. The Hudson River Railroad receipts were $153,258—an increase of near $60,000 from tbo last year. Epfbcts of the News—Owing to tho nature of the Africa’s news, received this morning, there was Immense excitement at the Corn Exchange, and broadstuffs sold to a considerable extent at tue fol lowing advances: Floor, 2s per barrel; Wheat, 5 to 6 cents per bushel; and Corn 2 cents per bushel.—N. Y. Mirror, Uh. Captain Hugh Graham, one of the oldest shipmas ters of this city, died suddenly on Thursday, from the effects of an overdose of tincture of aconite, which he took in mistake for aloes. He was for many years a commander in the Black Ball liue of Liverpool packets, and highly esteemod by merchants and oth ers fa tbe shipping business at this port. At tho time of his death he was eighty years of age, and had retired from the active duties of bis profession. N. Y. Eve. Post, 6th. Resignation of Captain Comstock—Tho New port. R. I,, News says that Captain Comstock (s now on hU lost trip in tho steamship Baltic, of tho Collins line. Ho will superintend tho building of tho mam moth steamer for tho Fall River IIao, and when put op the route she will be under under bis command, He will be succeeded in tho Baltic by Captain El- dridge, late of Vanderbilt’s North Star. JW £ r atatca thftt th ® Injunction against tbe Pittsburg and Bteubonvillo Railroad Com pany, to prevent Its construction through the State of Virginia, across tho Panhandlo, as itistermed, has been dismissed, and tho work will progress. It will bo prepared for cars ta the courso of the ensuing six by tbo election of Levi S. Cl william Leland as Secretary. eld as President, and A meeting of authors, publishers, and others con nected with the press, wm held on Monday evening at the Philadelphia County Court House, to devise —for efeeling a monument to th® momory of meats far erecting a Benjamin Franklin. to pay a premium for these bonds, so long will tho State, also be compelled to pay a premium for such ns she may wish to redeem in advance. I have thought it advisablo to make the purchase nt a small premium to tho amount required by law to bo annually re deemed. There is no other safe investment of a Hlnk- ing Fund, and as a matter of economy it is better to pay the premium, than to allow tbe money to remain undisposed of in the Treasury, tempting tho Legisla ture either to unnecessary and wasteful expenditures or to an unwise reduction of taxes. 1 call your atten tion particularly to this subject that such laws may be passed as will carry out the public will iu re ference to it. THE CENTRAL BANK. By tho act of December 10,1851,1 was authorized to transfer tho assetts of the Central Bank to the Treasury, when, in my discretion, the interests ot tho State should require it. Believing that there was no longer any necessity for continuing that institution in existence, for any other purpose than to wind up and close its business, I appointed the commission authorized by the foregoing act, to investigate the condition of the Bank, and transfer its remaining as sets to the Treasury. I herewith transmit their re port, from which it will be seen what was tho condi tion of the Bank nt that time. The accompanying report of the Treasurer will exhibit its present condi tion, ns well ns its operations since it has been trans ferred into his hands. There are yet outstanding many debts. Horae of which will bo collected, but from tho larger portion nothing will ever be realized by tho State, and it becomes a matter for vnur considera- m t&B'Wtaie wiasn Xu be mode for meeting and discharging its liabilities— Upon a careful examination of tho affairs of the Bank I am satisfied that, after exhausting all its resources, there will be left the amount of $369,500, which must be paid from tho Treasury. Itis for this reason that 1 have placed the bonds of the Bank in the computa tion of tbe public debt, w'niffh I have already submit ted to you. I would recommend that the Executive bo authorized to take up these bonds, and issue regu lar Stato bonds in their stead, provided satisfactory arrangements can be made with the present holders of them. In addition to this amount it will bo neces sary for you to provide by law for tbo payment of about tbo sum of #20,000. This amount has been borrowed by the Treasurer, under my direction, to meet the accruing interest on the Central Bank bonds, tiie funds of the Bank falling short by that amount.— This step was necessary to save the credit of the State, as these bonds are regarded in public estima tion os a part of the public debt, and if we had failed to have paid this interest promptly, tiie effect would have been to have depreciated the general credit of tiie State. It is useless to encumber tho Treasury longer with tho remaining assetsof the Central Bank, which will continue worthless and unavailable as long a3 they remain tho property of the State. I know of no better disposition that could he made of them than by selling them for whatever they would bring. To keep them aud attempt their collection, would in volve the Stato in continued expense and litigation, without any remunerating benefit. THE TREASURY. Tho accompanying reportof tho Treasurer will give you a clear and satisfactory account of the operations of that Department during the past two years. You will observe that this report is complicated with a useless statement of unavailable assets in tho Treasu ry. These stereotyped items hare been repeated from time to time, without tbo slightest benefit to the 8tate, throwing no light upon the condition of tho Treasury, and leading to no possible beneficial result. As long, however, as no action is had by your body on the subjact, it will bo necessnry for the Treasurer to encumber his report with them. I recommend, therefore, that you take such steps as will relieve the department from tho necessity ot'furthcr reference to these worthless assets by directing them to be de stroyed under the direction of tho Executive or a com mittee of your body. The report of the Treasurer shows tho available balance in tho Treasury, on the 20th October, 1853, to bo $74,857 35. Concurring ns I do, in the estimates contained in his report of tho probable expenditures of the next two years, I deem it unnecessary to add anytiiing on that subject. There has been collectea from the General Govern ment, during tho past two years, tho sum of $144,890 63. These claims have been long stauding, and the State is now indebted for the collection of so large a portion of them, to the energy aud ability with which they have been urged by the agent appointed by my E redoccssor, and continued by myself, Joseph Sturgis, Bq. There is yet unsettled claims due to uh from the General Government, but I am unable to say, at what time you may expect their payment. It would bo unwise to calculate upon the reception of any por tion of it, in your legislation upon the Finances of the State. For additional information you are refer red to the accompanying report of Mr. Sturgis. I herewith transmit to the General Assembly, the report of tho Financial Committee for tho year 1852, aud call your attention to its statements and recom mendations as worthy of consideration. The report of tho Comptroller General is also here with transmitted. . THE TAX LAW. It was providod by tho tax aot of January Otb, 1852, and tho supplementary actof January 21,1852- that tho sum of three hundred and seventy-five thou sand dollars should bo raised under those acta for tho support of tho government for ea9h of tho political years of 1852 and 1853. In the first act the rate of taxation was limited to one twelfth of oue per cent. The supplementary act was passed under a well founded apprehension that tbe required amount would not be realized at that rato. This lost act required the Governor with the assistance of tho Comptroller General to consolidate tho returns of the various tax receivers, and authorize them to fix the rate of taxa tion at such nor cent os would raise tbe sum of three hundred and soventy-five thousand dollars. Upon tho examination of the tax digest as required, by this law, it was ascertained that it would require a tax of one tenth of one per cent, to raise the amount which tho Legislature had fixed upon; and accordingly the necessary orders wore issued to that effect. This was true of the returns for each of those years, and there was consequently no change iu the rate of taxation for the present year. The possago of those acts in troduced a new system of taxation in our State— Tho ad valorem principle was for the first time incor porated into our laws, though its justice and proprie ty had long been Been and felt by onr peoplo. For many veara tho friends of a fair and equitable sys tem or taxation bad sought to modify the old law, which was admitted to be unjust in its operation and indofensiblo in principle. Every candid and fair minded man recogaizcd the correctness of tho princi ple that every citizen should be required to pay for the support of his government, according to tbe ex tent and valuo of his property. Upon that principle an ad valorem tax should bo based, and when faith- folly carried out, must command the approval and support of every man who is willing to bear his dno portion of tho burthen of Government. That tbe present tax law fully comes up to this standard, I am not prepared to say. The object ot its framers was, however, to appro»mat« it. and if they bavo failed to ^.... - *- * ir successors of practioal oper- _jjd improvement. It 1 not strange that an untired experiment, should b the year 1852, was $377,165 60-100. It must bo borne fa mind that the Legislature Raw tiie necessity or raising an increased sum, and therefore provided in tho act or 1852, that there should be raised the sura of $375,000. If. therefore, there had been no change in the system—It would have boon necessary to hrve in creased the taxes about twenty-five per cent. To compare, then, the operations of the two systems fairly, in individual coses, such persons should first add twenty-five per cent to their tax as paid In 1851, and compare tho amount thus ascertained with the amount which they actually paid under the present law. When this is done, it will bo found that their increase tax is owing, not to a change of tho law, but to tbe increased necessities oft he Stato. Another objection has been urged to the present law, which 1b founded in good reason, and is worthy of your consideration. It results from the difficulty of ascertaining the true value of the taxpayer’s pro perty. Such 1s the peculiar organization of men's mitiaa, that, with tho most honest intentions, they dif fer widely in their estimate of tiie value of property; whilst others, unwilling to contribute their due por tion to the support of government, place so low an estimate upon the value of their property, os to cause just ground of complaint with their more conscien tious and generous neighbors. As every man i9 at liberty, under tho present law, to valne his own pro perty, lie can put what estimate he pleases upon it. Tho law appeals to his conscience alone ou this sub ject, and there is no mode providod far reaching those who are indifferent to the obligations of truth and honor. It is gratifying to know that tho number of this class is small. An examination of our tax di gests will show the fact, that with tiie great body of onr people there has been exhibited a disposition to make a fair and just return of their property. The cases of the fow, however, should be reached, and I would recommend that some provision bo made by law for assessing tho property of those who seek to avoid the payment of their just dues to tiie State, by falsely estimating their property below its true value. This and similar defects iu the details of the law, should be remedied by prompt legislation. Time and experience will thereby ultimately perfect the system, and render it acceptable to all classes and interests. The ad valorem principle being recognised by all, as being right and just, it only requires firmness, pru dence aud wisdom in enforcing its application, to secure for a law based upon it tho cordial approval of the people. For the purpose of instituting a comparison of the taxes paid by our own people, with that paid by the peoplo of the other States, I addressed a circular let ter to tho Executives of tho several States, asking for a statement of their tax laws. To this commu nication I received many replies, but not enough to carry out the original object I had in view. The in formation obtained, however, was sufficient to satisfy my own mind that we pay as little as the people of any other State, whilst as compared with some ot tiie States, our tax is almost nominal. As low as our present taxes are, we may look forward to the time wbeu they may be greatly reduced. As soon as tiie public debt shall have been extinguished, we can with propriety reduce our taxes oue half, and that, too, without looking to any other source of revenue for the ordinary expenses of tho government. This is certainly a gratifying state of tilings, and will go far to conciliate the feeling of opposition that has been engendered in the public mind against the pre sent system. Firmness in tho muiutainance qf tiie ad valorem principle—wisdom in the adoption of amendments suggested by experience, and economy in the administration-of tho government, will soon dispel ail prejudice and opposition with a wiso and patriotic people. WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD. By the act of Januury loth, J852, 1 was required to appoint a Superintendent of the Western and At lantic Railroad, who should have tiie general mam acement and control of that work. I appointed Win. M. Wadley, Esq., who entered upon the duties of his office ou tbe first day of February, 1852. The means of tho road had fallen fur short of its necessities, and the result was that the Road was in a most wretched condition. My predecessor and the farmer Chiut Engin eer of tho Uoau realizing this fact, had very properly purchased a large quantity of iron for its repair. The contract made by them was approved by the last Legislature by tho act of Dec. 4, 1851. When Mr. Wadley entered upon his office, lie encountered all tho difficulties which this state of things had brought about. Tho last Legislature, intending to provide amply for the thorough repair and equipment of tho Road, by the act of January 15th, 1852, appropriated tho sum of $525,000 for that purpose. This sum would have been sufficient, If it could have been ap plied to tho objects contemplated by tho Legislature, but unfortunately it required mucli the larger portion of it to pay off tho former debtsof tho road, which had were com polled to look to its revenues to do that which it was tbe intention of the Legislature should have been done with this appropriation ; and this fact will account for tho disappointment of those who had calculated upon an accruing revenue to the State Treasury from tho proceeds of the road. I refer you to the accompanying reports of Mr. Wadley and his successor, Mr, Young, for a more foil and sat isfactory statement of the facts to which I have thus briefly ulluded. It is hardly uecessary forme to speak of tiie manner in which these difficulties were met and overcome by tiie Superintendent. The energy and ability displayed by him are so familiar to the public, that it would be a work of supererogation to remark upon it. He did ail that could be done ; aud 1 venture to add. more than any other man would have effected under the sumo circumstances. I need not add, that his entire management of tho ufl'uirs of the road met ray cordial approval. Ou the first day of February, 1853, Mr. Wadley resigned his office of Superintendent, and I appointed George Yonge, Esq., to till his vacancy. It is due to Mr. Wadley to state, that he did not leave his post until ho had satisfied mo that the interests of the road would not Buffer from his withdrawal. Iu his succes sor, I have found an able, experienced and faithful officer, whoso successful management of the road, as exhibited by his report, is the best encomium that can bo passed upon his services. It affords me much pleasure to call your attention to the present condition of this great State work. The reports of tho Superintendents will show yon in detail its operations during the past two years. The failure to report any profits paid over to tho State Treasury has already been accounted for. Tho fact, however, that profits have been realized, and appro priated to the wants of the road, should satisfy your minds that, with wise and judicious management, it must for the future be a source of revenue to the to the State. No additional call is made upon the Treasury for aid. Its own revenue will booq com plete the necessary repairs and equipments, and dis charge its remaining liabilities. I call your attention to the recommendations con tained in the Superintendent’s report. Founded as they are upon his experience in the management of tho road—they should receive your careful considera tion. The act of tiie last Legislature which author ized the road to be sued in any comity through which it passes, ought to be modified. I can see no good reason why this discrimination should be made against the State road. All similar companies have to be sued in tho county iu which their principal of fice is located. This is right and proper. It is tho place where their books are kept and their business transacted, and therefore tiie proper point far the lit igation of claims against them. It is problematical whether the State should submit to being sued at all, but certainly she ought not to embarrass her officers with burthens not imposed upon other companies.— The road passes th-ough counties belonging to three judicial districts, and it might happen that the Su- perindent would be sued and required to attend Court in different counties at tbe same time. Tills consid eration alone shows the propriety of a change in the law. In this connection I call your attention to the fact, that suits have been commenced against the road in the State of Tennessee. I have directed picas to the jurisdiction of the Court to be filed In all such coses, and the question, if decided against us, to bo carried to the highest Court of the country. Wo have a right to complain of this proceeding on tho part of our neighbors, as it was principally to gratify them, that tho doors of our own Courts were thrown open to claimants against the State road. If the Courts should maintain their Jurisdiction in tbe State of Tennessee, and the road subjected to the trouble and annoyance of this litigation, it will devolve upon the Legislature to determine what coarse thoy will adopt in reference to tho Western terminus of tho Road, that will most effectually put a stop to such pro ceedings. Tho important question for your consideration in connection with this great work is, what shall be the future policy of the 8tato in reference to it? Realiz ing the deep interest felt by our people in the deci sion of this question, I submit to you my views fully on the Bubject. By some a salo of the rood is proposed. I trust, however, that the advocates of this policy are not numerous, and I feel certain that their number will be lessened, in proportion as you BOtisfy the public raiud that the road can bo successfully carried on un der State management. To soil the road would be to diaappolut that general expectation which has so long looked to the completion of this enterprise for a Bourco of reliable revenue to the 8tate. Tbo funds raised by tho salo coaid not he appropriated to the extinguishment of the public debt, as that is not due. There is no profitable investment for it that could be made, and the result would be, that by the time tbo pnbllo debt hod to be met, this fond would have been exhausted in wasteful and unnecessary expenditures. Increased taxation would then bo the only means or meeting tho liabilities of tho Stato. I feci confident that no argument is required against a policy which will inevitably lead to suoh a result. The proposition to sell two-thirds of tho road is equally, if not more objectionable. Tbo samo conscquenco would fallow to a great extant. Besides it is the unvarying lesson taught by our experience, that the Stato Is tbe suffer er lu every co-partnership which she forms of this character. The road should cither be under tbe en tire control of individual interest, or under the exolu- Bivo management of tho Stato. A departure from this rale would certainly lead to no good .result, and I trust that the experiment will not do made. Reject ing then tho proposition to dispose of tbe road, I re cur to tbe inquiry, what la tbe best policy for its fu ture government 7 In the management or a railroad two Ideas should be kept prominently fa view, un!> formlty and permanency to ito syctem L and a stole head to manage and coof- ^ r • - which huvo been most geboralty considered, are, first, the present one which leaves the road under the con trol of tho Executive and a Superintendent appoint ed by him. Tbo other proposes to constitute aoonrd of Commissioners, and invest them with the power now lodged in the hands of the Government. My own mind at one time favored the latter proposition. Experiencu and observation, however, havo fully aatUllod me that it will not do. Tbo Idea of a board of commissioners was derived from the Bourd of Di rectors, appointed-by private corporations, lor simi lar duties; uudtho argument drawn by auulogy from this source would bo good, if these Directors dis charged tiie duties which the public suppose them to perform : such, however, is not tho fact. The best Board of Directore for a railroad Company are those who have Bagaclty and judgment enough to submit the entire management of tueir roads to tho Presi dent and Superintendent. In adopting a general sys tem for the management of a road, »holr counsels may sometimes be heeded with some advantage: but when tho detailed operations of tbo road are to be consid ered and disposed of, the least said or douo by them the better it is lor the interest of their company. If a Board of Directors should attempt to revise the dealings of a President and Superintendent with their subordinates, reinstating such as bad in their judg ment been improperly removed, or forcing the ap pointment of others who thoy might suppose pecu liarly qualified for some position, it would result fa the total disorganization of the road, and the effort would soon be felt by tiie Stockholders in reduced profits, neglected machinery, and dilapidated road.— Upon this point I can safely appeal to the experience and observation of every man who has been connect ed with asuccessful and weil-mauaged railroad. If this be true of private companies, the difficulties will be greatly enhanced, wheh the same principle is ap plied to a public work, when superadded to other causes of trouble and embarrassment, there is thrown in the political and party considerations which would inevitably bo connected with such a system. Tho subordinate officers on a railroad, who feci that they owe their illaces to any other cause than a faithful discharge of duty, would soon derange and ruin the best-managed road in tho country. Under tho pro posed system of a Board of Commissioners these dif ficulties could scarcely be avoided, and I therefore deem it unnecessary to enlarge upon this branch of the subject. According to this plan there would also be wanting, thut uniformity iu tho management of the road which is essential to its success. With the change of Commissioners the system would be chang ed, aud all the consequences attendant upon such changes would be constantly experienced. The pres ent system is In my judgment decidedly preferable; ono great object at least is effected, a responsible bead is placed in charge of the road, to whom the country can look lor its proper aud faithful management— The Executive elected by the people is responsible to them. The Superintendent should be appointed by and be responsible to the Executive, tho subordinate officers should be appointed by and be responsible to tbe Superintendent, aud thus tho management of the road is placed upon a system ol responsibility, which ensures its successful operation. In the appointment of the Superintendent the Executive feels the respon sibility which rests upon him, and will exercise a sound Judgment in the selection. The Superinten dent knowing thut he is responsible for the good con duct of his subordinates, will exercise like prudence and discretion iu their selection, and the subordinates feeling their dependence upon and responsibility to the Superintendent, will realize tho fact, that the tenure by which they hold their offices is tho faithful aud efficient discharge or duty. Iu this view or the subject you will perceive that there must be a cordial • and mutual confidence between the Executive and J to proriefo for IMr acco’mmo 'ItMWM. HtWItto totlML Kr'sut.i*iS&l 1 ffiiSttXital .lIpowAr!,' 4-zlngle citizen, who would not give a * wrtlfl ,3®""® {»•{«• sentiment, Tho neoitie* of this institution Is, therefore, tbe only lost limit to your appropriations. When yon ascertain its wants, lot them bo supplied, yoor hearts will approve the act. and your constituents will sanction the Vote. There Is ono class of lunatic* for whom no provision s made in the organization of this institution. I nl- ludo to our hlavo population. This omission, I have no doubt, Is attributable to tho fact, that tho number is so limited that it has not attracted public attention. There are, however, u fow: aud suitable provision should bo made far them. Tho first suggestion would bo to lcavo this matter in tbe hands of the owners, af ter providing n piano at the Asylum for their recep tion. This will not do. however, as it sometimes hap pens that tho unfortunate lunatic Is the only property of tho owner, aud lie Is therefore unable to Bupport him at the Asylum. It would, perhaps, be wrong to tax those who have no interest In slaves, to raise money for tills purpose. The amount which should bo raised far this object, would be small, and if levied upon the taxable slave property, would not be felt by the owner. Looking to the number ofluimtio ne groes, it would require only a nominal tax upon this kind or property to raise tiie necessary means. I can seo no good reason why every slave owner should not cheerfully submit to this tax, to carry out so desira ble aud praiseworthy au object. I therefore recom mend that proper steps be taken at our present ses sion to carry out these views iu the manner Bug- guested. JHBBbSESS nf tli. «? 8 ^®? n8,denit,0n fiSfdSEf C0D * lest or legislative ffiSSSUft 10 tbe oil noon for an exposition^oriel* etW b, e«ll- tbe General Aaaemblv tneela, anil tffl u ”tll place nntll bla tern. SlkX eipfcVTJ" $ either been re elected or defeated I S “, d hc hia withdraarn front the public «„|£. h S. l !» iu theory, and might work much inja r , „ It wm an economical view ortho effie .W 1 ?’ dneed the peoplo to reaort to bi-ennl “l Ei ln ' may well he questioned Whether tlm t llcfthla expectation. The f “t tlia th ( ‘eEfr aombly inocta only once In two yeara reSi'*?,*'- aweary tn extend the length of [he cumulated business or the 8 two year™'JS e M * « d of, and additional time is required to do U^* 1 **' dor that the people may h.K >« DEAF AN!) DUMB ASYLUM. The report of tiie Commissioners far the Deaf and Dumb Asylum Tor the years 1862 and 1853 In here with transmitted. The success of this institution is a gratifying result, ami should secure for it tho contin ued patronago of tho State. Your predecessors have by their liberal endowments recognized the duty of tiie State to provide far the education of tho unfortu nate mute, and it would be difficult for the legislature to appropriate the money of the people to an object that would receive a more unqualified approval from the popular mind. I also transmit the report of a committee appointed by myself to atteud tiie annual examination of 1852. It bears testimony to the faith ful aud efficient discharge of duty by the officers ol tiie institution. Its recommendations are commend ed to your consideration, ns worthy of attention in your legislation on tills subject. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BUND. 1 transmit to you the first annual report of tiie Trustees foi tho ** Georgia Academy for the Blind.” This institution was organized under an act of the last Legislature, and is now struggling through its infantile existence, it lias encountered the difficul ties which have attended all similar institutions, and in view of these difficulties, its efforts have been at tended with ns much success ns could havo reasona bly been anticipated. It has shown itself worthy of tho fostering cure extended to It by your predeces sors, and should continue to receive your patronage and encouragement. Tiie appeal in behalf of the blind—like that made for the deaf and dumb—ad dresses itss f to our better feelings. The heart would be callous and hardened that could treat that appeul with indifference. Those of us who have been en dowed by a kind Providence witli all the attributes of manhood, unimpaired by disease or misfortune, have resting upon us an obligation in reference to our less favored brethren, which we cannot disregard. In establishing and maintaining these different institu tions the people of Georgia have exhibited their ap preciation ol this high duty. The success which has attended these efforts, should only stimulate us to re newed exertions and more liberal contributions. GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. At the last session of the General Assembly pro- the question submitted tftthe pcoole atth^ 0 ®. ,Dl1 eral election. If approvS K,em “i 0 ™ Un ion Pe-rrect thonlteralion; auS If ranSneTS”? can then bo rejected. An opportunity wfll’S'*5’ olTored of having the question decldX £ift* action ot those most deeply intcrcated In tliTniJS ATTORNEY GENERAL. My experience in office has brought vividlv me the fact that innumerable occasions occur. wheS the Executive, on account or the varied and ifi? ing interests of the State, requires the mnt deliberate counsel of persons skilled in tlTJ S hurried am off-hand opinions or the best 11,1 worth but little nndcr such circumstance. .*S’ seperatc solemn advice o! feed counsel on ever -.Ik question , would be n heavy draw upon the 3,,’S rand. My own conviction in. that an offleer lr»™. a. the Attorney General of the state oTGlorlh X nucha salary a, would command IhcbeetceueJS tho Stato. would meet the Tiecen.lty or tho caw the general duty of advising theeeveral Futecallw Departments or me Government, might be added a Uh propriety, the representing and advocating IhoC eet or the State In ail questions arising tiofaro our fci promo Court. Tho duties or such » n oncer it , „ neceseant for me to apecifv. Tho neeetsity and priety ol such an oUtce will be Iclt by every one oieT pying the Executive clmir. u tbe Superintendent, und far that reason the Superin- v visions wero made by law far the education of a ccr- tendent should bo nppuinted by tho Executive. 1 therefore recommend that tiie act of the last Legisla ture, taking tho appointment of this officer from tho Governor und giving it to tho Legislature, be repeal ed, and that the appointment bo again placed at the disposal of tho Executive. II the road is to be con tinued under Stato management, this in my opinion is the most practicable system that can be adopted. Two leading objections are urged against tbis plan. The first is founded upon tho fear that tbe subordi nate posts on the road will be regarded aud filled as political offices. Under inyadministration ** this prac tice has ceased to exist.” Whatever may be thought or said about making govenncntnl offices, political positious, iu other departments, it is a well settled foot, that it will not answer in tho management of railroads, or similar State enterprises. Sncn a policy is condemned both by reasou and experience, and can never lie resorted to without endangering tiie public interest. This truth is so clearly Illustrated In tbe history of every State work, where tho policy has been adopted, that I do nut believe the experiment will again be made in our own State. The other ob jection is of a more serious character. It grows out of the changes in the management of tiie road, inci dent to tiie frequent change iu the Executive office. I admit the farce of this objection, and the only reply that can bcoffered, is founded on tho fact, that the ob jection is applicable to every plau which has been or can bo suggested for tbo government of the road un der State management. In view of these difficulties, I submit to your con sideration, another plan, for the disposal of the road, ono, which will secure the three great objects to be attained: first, the retention of tho State's interest iu the road; second, a uuiform and pennancut system for its management; and third,a certain and reliable revenue from it. It is to lease the road under on act ot incorporation. Let a charter be granted with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars, iu shares of a hundred dollars each. The chat ter should provide that the company should makesemi-aunual payments ra t.lm Stain. »'"l Mmt Hie nrsi failure suouni tpsojac- to work its forfeiture. Tho umount required to lie paid by the company for its lease, should be at least five per cent, on the capital invested by the State, which might be estimated at five millions of dollars. The charter should be for a limited time, and perhaps twenty-five years would be sufficiently long. The company should be required to return tbe roau at tho expiration of their lease, iu as good condition.and as well equipped, as when thoy received it. The im provements which tiie increased business of the roiid will require them to make, would afford reliablo guar anty upon this point. On tho other hand,the State should agree to pay the company for any increased value given to tho road by the improvements made by them. Provision should also bo mode in tho char ter. to protect connecting roads from a partial and unjust administration of its affairs, under such penal ties as would unsure perfect impartiality. I have fix ed the capital of the company at half a million, sup posing that to bo sufficient for the ordinary improve ments, which arc still required to nut the road in com plete order. The Legislature could hereafter increase It if tho business of tbo road should require tho lay ing of a double truck. In submitting this suggestion to your considera tion, I have merely laid down the outline of a plan which might be perfected, if the policy recommend ed meets your approval. If adopted, care should be exercised in guarding tiie interests of tiie State in any charter which may be granted, and that is sub* mittod with great confidence to your wisdom and dis cretion. I beg leave to repeat, that the adoption of this policy will ensure a uniform and permanent sys tem In the conduct and management of this great work. It will be brought under the operation of pri vate entorprize and individual interest, without sac rificing the investment of the State. It will bo re lieved from the difficulties which I havo shown must always more or loss atteud its management under State control, and finally ensorso the regular receipt into tho treasury of at least two hundred and fifty thousand dollars per annum. THE PENITENTIARY. I transmit herewith the reports of the Principal Keeper aud Book Keeper of tiie Penitentiary, which will exhibit to you its operations during tho past two years. Tbo officers of' that Institution during that time, have been faithful aud energetic in the discharge of their duties, aud I believe that its busiucss under their charge, will compare favorably with the busi ness of preceding vears. Its assets at tho end of the year will in all probability discharge its liabilities, und leave it free from debt. The business of tho Peni tentiary is nof, and in my judgment, never will be a source of revenue to the State. Tho appropriations which have from time to time been made to meet its liabilities, show this fact. Tho gross amount of them is set forth in the Keeper’s report. It now requires large appropriations to make the necessa ry improvements, and to furnish materials for its successful management. It is a subject which should secure more of tiie persona! attention of your mem bers, than has heretofore been tho cose. An inspec tion of its condition will give you more satisfactory information of its true wants than any representation tiiat I can make, and I would urgo tho propriety of your doing so, os it can bo done with very little trou ble to yourselves, aud much benefit to the State. As you will perceive from the Keeper's report tho busi ness of building railroad cars has been commenced upon a pretty extensive scale. Tbe experiment so far has proven eminently successful; Indeed It has been the principal source or revenue since its com mencement. For the want of the necessary means, an arrangement had to be made with the Stato road to furnish tho materials for building cars, and as long as that road requires all tho cars that can be buiit at the Penitentiary, this arrangement could le continued. If tho business, however, should be ex tended, as recommended in tho Keeper’s report, it will be necessary far you to supply the necessary means for the purchase in advanco of materials, 09 the object shonid then be, to manufacture cars far ail roads that may desire to purchase. It would also be necessary to authorized the employment of a Super intendent of this branch of the work, at a better sala ry than is now allowed to the subordinate officers.— If a ready sale be found for tho cars, I have no hesita tion in saying, that it is tho most profitable business that can be carried on in the Penitentiary.. The importance of classifying the prisoners in the Penitentiary has been so repeatedly and forcibly pre sented to the Legislature, by my predecessors, that 1 deem it unnecessary to enlarge upon the subject. It is again brought to your attention by the Principal Keeper’s Report, and I would impress upon your minds tho propriety of giving ir your early attention. When this recommendation is based upon the concur rent opinion of every one who has been thrown into official communication with tho Penitentiary, it should at least receive more consideration than has heretofore been given to it. THE LUNATIC ASYLUM. The biennial Report of tbe Trustees, Superintend ent, and Resident Physioian of the Lunatio Asylum, is herewith submitted. This iostltution has been conducted during the past two years with the char acteristic energy and ability of its officers. I com mend to your attention tho suggestions and recom mendations made in these reports. Founded as they are upon the experience and observation of those who bavo shown themselves so worthy of the confidence reposed in them bv the State, thoy shoald command yoarmoat favorable consideration. This institution was established by the State under tbe conviction that it wm our duty to provide for the safety and This humane object will not have bean accomplished, so long m then remains to the border* of oar 8Ute one nufortanato lunatio nnprOvided for. It iaamel* aacholly and humiliating reflection, that applicant* tain number of cadets in the Military Institute, loca ted ut Marietta. A report is herewith transmitted from tho Hoard of Visitors of that institution, which will present to the Legislature all the information on that subject in my possession. Tho system of milita ry education is growing iu popular favor throughout the country. In other States of the Union these Aca demies receive liberal endowments from the Govern ment. and are becoming more and more the favorites of the people. So far as 1 am enabled to judge, tiie tiie Meriettu Institute has been as eminently success ful ns any of its sister institutions, uiul as deserving of State patronage. EDUCATION. The cause of education numbers among its friends, no supporters more zealous, or liberal, than the peo ple of Georgia. it is with sincere pleasure and hon est pride that wc can point to the progress of educa tion in onr State. Our University was never more deserving of the confidence and patronage of the State. Other colleges have sprung up in generous rivalry with this institution under the patronage of private enterprise, affording tho most extensive fa cilities for a liberal education to all who uiny be pos sessed of the necessary means. Colleges and Semi naries for tiie education of our daughters uro to he found hi almost every neighborhood, founded upon private muniliccucc, and conducted with marked en ergy and ability. I would not unnecessarily mar this picture so grateful to our feelings and so gratify ing to our State pride ; but a sense of duty demands that our attention should be tamed to another branch of tiie subject, which presents far our consideration far different results. Whilst the minds ofthose, who have been blessed with the necessary means—arc be ing stored with all the rich treasures of knowledge, placed in their reach by these nourishing institutions —there is to be found another class, less favored of Heaven, who are grmvning up in utter ignorance, Tho propriety of providing far the education of the poor Is recognized by every oue but I am not sure tlml its importance is folly appreciated. Ido not speak or that complete und finished education which can be acquired only in our higher Seminaries aud Colleges, but I refer to it iu its more limited sense. The man who can read and write is a well educated man, in comparison with ono, to whom tiie Alphabet is an unmeaning .mystery; and the gulf that separates these two classes is far wider and deeper than the ono which lies between tbe hum blest scholar and tbe most learned Professor. Give to every son and daughter of the State an opportunity of learning to read and write, und we become that day uu educated peoplo for all the practical purposes of Government. The honesty, purity and intelli gence of the people constitute the firm foundations of a Republican Government. To tho extent of our ability it is onr duty to foster aud nurture these ele ments of security and strength. Georgia has in some degrees realized this truth, and exhibited a disposi tion to act upon it. Her ablest sons have been sum moned to the task of devising systems for the educa tion of the poor; and our legislative tables groan under the accumulated reports of committees ap pointed to investigate und report upon tbe subject.— AH that could be done in this way lias been done,aud yet tiie sons and daughters of poverty are unprovided with tiie opportunity of learning to read and write. Cun nothing more be effected? Is this field of labor, so inviting to tho patriot and philanthropist, to be abandoned and forsaken ? To answer tiiese inquiries, we must ascertain, first, what has occasioned tbu fail ure heretofore ? and secondly, are wo able aud willing to overcome the difficulty in the future ? Tiie first point is very clearly presented in the statement of this simple fact—the number of children returned under our poor school law, is (38,000) thirty-right thousand, and tiie money appropriated for their edu cation is (#23,000) twenty-three thousand dollars In other words, for tiie education of eucli child, the Legislature appropriates the sum of sixty cents. I can use no argument or language that will present in more forcible terms the main defect in our past sys tem, than is to be found in this statement. Wo have foiled to educate the destitute children of the State, because we have foiled to appropriate a sufficient sum of money to effect the object. It is more than useless to discuss plans and systems until tho neces sary means are furnished to make any plan success ful. This view of tiie subject brings ine to the se cond inquiry. Can this difficulty be met and over come? In other words, will the I/jglsiuturc appro- paiate the necessary amount of money. At present 1 am not prepared to recommend any large increase of the appropriation. My object is more particularly to call your attention to u period in the future, when the required sum can he devoted to this object with out tiie imposition of any additional tax upon tiie S ic. If I am right in tiie views whicli I havo al- y presented of ihe financial condition of tiie State, present and prospective, in tho courso of a few years the public debt will be paid off, and there will be no necessity for incurring another. When that time shall have arrived, our present tax law may be reduced one-half, and still furnish ample means for an economical administration of the Government—giving no just cause of complaint on the ground of taxa tion. Tiie State Railroad, under tho system I have recommended, will bring iu the Treasury-4 certain and regular revonuo of two hundred aud fifty thou sand dollars. To that sum I look to supply tho pre sent defect in our educational system far the poor. To that patriotic object, as well os to the necessities of tho Institutions established by tho State for the Deaf and Dumb, the Blind, and the unfortunate Lu natic, it should be sacredly devoted ; and until the wants of each and all should have been fully supplied, not one dollarsbould bo withdrawn for any other pur pose, I have invited your attention to the subject nt this time that the public mind may be directed to its consideration in advnnceof the period, when the poli cy may, with propriety, bo adopted. PUBLIC PRINTING. I call your attention to the law on the subject of the public printing. It is defective In many respects, and requires Legislative action. The great delay that oceured in the printing of tho Laws nnd Journals of the Ia9t General Assembly, should not bo permitted to occur again. Uuder the law as it now stands there will always be more or less danger -d its recurring.- In the estimation of many persons tho Executive is held partly responsible for such delay, and yet ho is K werlcss to prevent it. Provisions should oe made law that the public printing should be done at the Beat of Government—under the eye and supervision of the Executive, aud he should be clothed with pow er to transfer it from the hands of tho public printer whenever he foils to complete it in a given period, to be Uxed by law. Whenever there is unnecessary de lay, the Executive should be authorized and required to make such deductions asthooxigency in hiafudgo- raent Justifies; and similar powers should bo lodged with him In case the printing is not executed in man ner and stylo required by law. It should bo tnado tho duty of the Secretary of State, to compare the printed laws before their flual publication, with the enrolled acts in his office, and proper compensation should be allowed him for the discharge of his duty. Tho style and execution of the printed acts shoald be improved. Tho act of 1834 required them to conform to the laws of tho United States, as at that timo pub lished. Since then groat Improvement has been made in tli i printing of the laws of the United States, and we should in this respect keep up the progress of the age. ANNUAL SESSIONS. Tbe experiment of bl-cnnhil sessions of tbe General Assembly, has been sufficiently tested by experience, and I believe that the public judgment of the State is prepared to pronounce against ft. I wm among the number of its advocates, aud so voted when the ques tion wm submitted to the people for their decision. I am now satisfied, that in common with a large ma jority of qj fellow citizens, I wm wrong, and am pro- —to recommend a return to annual aeodons. ' feMlH THE SUFIIEME COURT AND STATE LIBRARY At tho time the Supreme Court was established tho idea prevailed that tiie convenience of parties lltlwnt required that the court should hold its newtons at points accessible to them. For that purpose it wu provided in the law organizing the umirt that it alionld s t at nine different places. Experience has shown tlint this was a mistaken view of (lie subject m the parties seldom it ever attend the court. Their attendance is not necessary, nnd they therefore stay away. No one will question the fact, that this migratory feature is attended with great inconveni ence to the members of the court. If this was the only objection to it, it might be horn? with, but it deprives tiie court of the advantages of consulting good libraries .which are not to be found at many of the points, where it is now held. Without attempt ing to present the many reasons which might be ur ged in favor of the change, as they will readily sug gest themselves to your tninds. 1 recommend that the places for holding tiie court lie reduced to the number required by the Constitution. looking to the future permanence and usefulness of this court, I think it advisable that the Constitution lie so amend ed as to authorize its entire sittings at tiie seat of government. 1 can see no good reasons why it should be otherwise. The docket of the court could be so ar ranged for each of the Judicial Districts as to enable counsel to attend to their cases with as much conve nience at Milledgville as at any other poiul. In this connection I call your attention to the con dition of our State library. For many years the li brary has been totally neglected ami almost lort sight of by tho Legislature. The last General Assem bly mabeuu annual appropriation of a thousand dol lars for it. This amount regularly continued with the system of exchanges with the other States, would in the courso of a few years furnish a State library, of which wo might not Ire ashamed. The aumll salary given to the librarian will not secure tbe service of a competent officer, unless the appointment U connec ted with some other office, as has been done during th<* last two years. Tiie librarian’s report is herewith communicated. It will show the condition of the li brary, its increase since I came into office, und also the regulations I have adopted to preserve it from its former fate. It cannot be necessary for me to submit an argument to tiie Legislature in tavor of obtaining and keeping a good State library. State pride, if there was no other consideration, would make an ap peal in its favor, that ought not to bo disregarded. Us propriety nnd usefulness, however, are too appa rent to require further comment. I confidently com* mend to your favorable consideration tin: policy adop ted by your immediate Dredecessurs on this subject. MISCELLANEOUS Bt'IUECTB. A vacancy occurred on tbo Supreme Court bench during tho present year, by tbo resignation of Hie lion Hiram Warner, which I tilled by the appointment of the Hua. Kbeuezer Stamen. There have been several vacanciei oca. Hioncil by death aud resignation, on tbe Circuit Court bench, but as they are no lunger Ailed by tho legislature,it U unnecessary to cpccify them. The creditors of the Bank of Darien have been, for vnn, applying to tho Stale Tor the liquidation of their cbiuu, bolding, as they do, that the State i* liable for them. It U time thut this matter should bo di*|-osed ot. nnd I recom mend that Komo provision be made by tho present General Aanembly for the Unul settlement of these claim*, either by submitting tbe questions involved to tiie dt-ctoiira of tho Courts, or como other tribunal, to be selected by tbe tegtol* lure, and agreed to by tho partien in inlercnt. I ivas directed by a resolution of Hie lant General Asrera. bly. to withdraw the block of marble, which bad been fur nished for tbu Wanhington Mouiiment from this State, on account of tho objectionable inscription upon it. and to provide another in its stoad. with tlw simple inscription of tho Arms of the State. Finding that the object of lb# legislature could be carried out by an alteration of the in scription on tho block already furnished. I adopiet that course, a* tho most economical aud appropriate, under the circumstance*. tty joint resolution of tho list General Aasembly, I wu C required to appoint a comtninMon to examine nnd report to j the present Legislature, on the claims of Wm. Q. Auder- son, Tito*. Anderson, and Richard J. Willis, securities of John R. Anderson, on Ilia bond*) a» Cashier und agent uf tiie Darien Bank. I np|»oiuted Charles Dougherty IV.rt llutkii It..11 k'una iii.il ImrivA'itll IninHtlllt to YOU 1 Win, Hope Hull. F.sqv. aud herewith transmit to you their report upon tiie subject. ,\ly predecessor informed tho Inst General Assembly that the question of tho boundary between Florida and ourown State, had been submitted to the Supremo Court ol the „ Uuited States, ami that lie had engaged tho services of tho Hon. J. M. Berrien, as tho Attorney of the Stato. At the instance of Judge Berrien, 1 associated with him tin Hon. George K. Badger, having been authorized by resolution of the Inst L'gtolnture, to employ additional counsel In tli# case. Tho case to alill pending, and will probably be deci ded at the approaching term ut that Court. A question of boundary between South Carolina anil Georgia, hus artoou since the adjournment of the ia»t Genera I Assembly. Tiie correspondence between the Gover nor and tho Attorney General of South Carolina, and my self on that subject, to herewith transmitted My *»«*• are ao fully presented in that correspondence, that I deem it unnecessary to add anything in reference tort. Ittcum- mend thut tho suggestion contained in the last letter I the Attorney General of .South Carolina, be accedcd to.and that provision be made for submitting the question of boundary to the dcctoiou of the Supreme (ourt of tue - State*. It presents the moat satisfactory mode of eetli ng a dispute, which, if left unadjusted, might, at some luture day, load to unpleasant consequence*. By a joint resolution of the last General Assembly-1 ivaa directed to appoint •• two suitable persons a* del g from tiiia Stato, to attend a Convention of .. .rt. . . .... ■ ... .. .. ...i-i-i l.rtl.l in I'liiii phia on the 5th‘ot July, 1852. 1 appointed 1,18 .' ivD : f, ,..' shall J. Wellborn, of Columbus, and the Hon A.bury mu, t polio/ of bUnoial aeraloni wm right at snail j . iveiiooro. ui v^jiuinuu*. nun --- » / or Athena, who accepted tho appointment,and tlieK'npm ot tho action of the Convention, is herewith tranam • The object for which tiiia Convention assembled. modo by which that object ia to bo consummated, fully nnd aattofactorilv presented iu the accoiujun) * port, that I do not feel called upon to do more •“* i it your careful consideration, itis no local or movement, In which the people of I'hiladelphU and l sylvania nlono nru interested. It was Pimpled 7 . national sentiment as broad as the Luion—aud a p gratitude and veneration us deeply impl oded in th of tho American peoplo, a* are the memories ol tionary struggle*. Georgia has l ,a 1 rtici >‘ a, .^/' , 0 L cn t c r- commendable zeal, and patriotic ardor, in this “ prize—and I doubt not, that every step of it* lu' F gresa will be marked with the evidences ol her,, • The Inst General Aanembly passed a joint reaol i n thorizing mo * to erect, on the public groun'U- Slate House, a suitable monument to the. ^ , j lato distinguished fellow-citizen, Hon. John wm ■ « pay for the nntno out of the money appropriated purpose by tho act of tho legislature—appro * 23,1850 ’> Tho proposition contained in thto rcsomuou, meets my cordial approval. No one entertains J predation of the services, and brilliant career ' ivth, than myicir, .ml it would li».o ,lw» "» “S pleasure to havo carried out the Intention of W ture, if it could havo been done. Tbo propriation was wholly inadequate for the P object. A monument erected on , ' l 18 „ k. credit*- l to tbo memory of Mr. Forsyth, ahnuld not on y, ^ ble to tho Stato; but worthy of the '“jjmunfi Such a monument cannot be obtained lor . i havo dollars. For this reason, ami for this re taken no steps to carry out this J 0 » sum commend that tho appropriation ** i " c ’‘\^ nca |la for, tlint will secure such a monument as tbeocca A monument worthy of the State of^Georgia, and » ^ of the distinguished defender of the Lonitrtuii Union of our fathers. u*ttnns uuderth# Wo have ju*t had our firat Judicial rierilons un law giving those elections to the people. Tbepoi j law lias been vindicated, and it presents . a ^ or [,j oM occasion for recommending an extension of i P ^ to tho remaining caaos of Ktat# officers elected y iB uirel6ctlon laws need amendment. ding upon the roturns of many elections, to by e , devolved upon the Executlvo. No rules, ho Cllje /by scrlucd for hia government. This ehirnW b» " ^*>1 the passage of au act, plainly defining his duty, pu mode of procedure. . p^od ou Tito great number or laws which h®" . b*ilnvotrfi the subject of tho lands belonging to the - that subject In great difficulty. M"”)' 1 "[-Jj^jjon being of u mere local character. But „ r Li uc pd a contra- general lu tliu terms of the statue, has j .ubject riety of provision* difficult J* reconcile. 1, ' e ,7 ra4 it will needa thorough and radical legtototlon. o ^. y ur receive your consideration during theipr 0 f CTe ry tho disposition of the remaining j. I would description, that havo been WuM) J^VadopteJ. recommend that tho policy of tho I u ' t .. m0 ,t economical Experience ha* proven It to be by far.A * UmU . and satisfactory mode of dlsponingoMliepuu^^ The alow but steady development o* tw « ,n lhc iinl(or . cea of our State, should bring tayourattoui ^ of ^ tanco of providing, Tor a thorough g«o «8j^ w be greatly Slate. Other department* of Intel** “ provision** benefit ted br it—and ] reemnmond that »'U|"° v l made for that purpose. „, m nf tho Senate of the J*»t \ 1 was requested hy a resolution IT r raugeuietiU in Legislature, to make the Hl.crath.ns and ‘‘ r ^ Q , rCJ ,ed 4 tbo Senate Chamber, rendered noco«»ry.“{ ,, por- number of that body, t baa' fund- tion or the expense paid 0,,t “ r ‘ h “ r c " 'J this resolution ipecial appropriation waaraade toitar y^ k6gQ #ar ly»P. and It now becoinesneceMaryforyou to roaa^^ ^ bms ' I