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THE SAVANNAH GEORGIAN. WEDNESDAY MORNING. APRIL 19. 1854.
l(lf StDamtnl) Jnili) ©forflia*.
* SAVANNAH. GA.s
WEDNESDAY MORnTnu. APBIl, t». 1M«j_
* r n Arrival of th* Kttoavllte.
The U. 8.11. atoamihip Knoxville. Capt. Ludlow,
bites of Saturday 1\ M.. ar rived hero
ywtorxky A. M. Wo am uador usual obligations to
Purser W ANPXi.r. for most acovptnble favor*. By tho
paper* received by this arrival, wo are In possession ■ I
•> d*Ulled Europe.u.uoouuu. ,«r New rfAV'K.'e, ....
■ --(ui.iii of lie.*
SoaiWMfn Commerclul Convention.
Wo soa toothing Important In the fourth day's pro-
ceedlnga of tho Southern Commercial Convention.—
Oft llm opening of tho fifth day'ssoMlon, I.lout.M’Atp
nt, Chairman of the Committee on Reoolutioua, sub- Jrm>»mWy purchase*, iwlla.oi'«wt»umvs, arty h'rticie
of nu ndiartdlao brought Into Virginia after the tint,
,,/lhr tJiWfl lim ill ilr/llllliltlrm I'rum an., i.w.l. .1
! mlttcd tho following reports, via :
Resolved, That it 1* vitally linportznt to tin* progress and
prosperity of tlie United States, to have ouo or more rail*
road* connecting tire State* on tlw Atlantlo with tho** on
York, and fallor telegraphic account* per America,
at Halifax, thau previously received. Tfih nows is of
absorbing lntere*t, fully explaining the causes, busl*.
Ac., of the war that may now be said to exist lit reali
ty between the aoveral first power* of tho European
Continent.
That a comprehensive view may bo had of matter-*
as they existed at tho datMxglvcn, tve have preferred
to give our reader*full accounts, eveu at the expense
of other news of interest.
The Went Iter.
The changing seasons, with tho varied temperature
and condition* of the atmosphere. characterising
each, furnish a very common topic for personal con
versation, aud not (infrequently an appropriate par
agraph for the public journal. Tho weather is either
"delightful,’’ “cool,''••cold.’ 1 "warm,” "hot," "dry,
"wet," or possessed of somo other desirable or o
jectionablo quality from one end of the calendar to
tho other. Tho present year has thus fur been pro
lific of change, especially from heat to cold and cold
to heat, in this latitude. Tho winter, taken as a
whole, was creditable to tho usual character of our
Southern climate,and the Spring opened full of love
liness and promise, though rather too curly, tor her
oomfort at least; for several times lias Jack Frost
obtruded his unwelcome presence upon the new-born
leaf and the rose’s check, withering tho ouo by des
troying the circulation of its lifo-blood.and dispelling
tho rich fragrance of the other about to be distilled
In welcome to rejoicing nature, until blade, leaf and
flower have feared to again issue forth, lest they
should receive another nip! Apparently after due
reflection, under gonial *nn« and refreshing showers,
and tauued by balmy breezes, they have taken cour
age and spread their loveliness over their mother
earth with the lavish affection of iufaut inno
cence. Again nro they threatened with tho with-
Craig blight that should embrace them only In their
Old age—in Autumn’s stormy liotfr. With the de
clining sun, on Sunday last, the atmosphere l*ega» to
grew cool, and the night proved drear and chilly,
though, from tho prevalence of a strong breeze, no
frost, so far as we are aware, occurred in this region.
We also had rain, in several showers, on Sunday and
Sunday uight. Iu the vicinity of Waynesboro’, a
heavy hail storm prevailed, ami we shall not be sur
prised to hear of damage by frost in various purts of
the up-country. All yesterday ordinary winter cloth
ing was not only comfortable, but even overcoats
were found by many to be a necessity. The feather
ed warblers, luto so full of song, had forsaken
bosh and tree, and no note of the feathered tribe
was heard, save the hah! hah!! of the carrion
crow, as i( in very glee, os he flapped his wings over
the heads of tho winter clad denizens whom he hud
bot lately seen promenading our fashionable walks,
robed in the richest importation and latest cut of the
merchant, the muntuamaker and the tailor. Alas,
that these things should bo so! We trust they will j
noon pass away, when will be welcomed dear skies I
and genial rays of the suu, with less work for the
Doctors than wo fear this *' cold spell" will be pro
ductive of.
Fire In Charleston.
By a dispatch w'e learn that a tire broko nut ut
about 1& o’clock, yesterday morning, in Ilayne-st.,
Charleston, consuming nine stores, causing u loss of j
a half million of dollars worth of property. The
whole, however, is supposed to be fully insured —
about $70,000 in liurtford and Liverpool Companies,
tho balance in Charleston offices. The lire lasted un
til about 6 o’clock. The most extensive sufferers arc
Messrs. T. M.Horsey «t Co., lluvilluml.Harrull &. Co.,
Z. B. Waldron A Co., F. P. Fannin A Co., Gilfllants,
Howell A Co., Hyult, McBirncy A Co., ami Colinon A
Co.
Klcctlon In Charlton County.
Tho following is the result of an election for County
Officers in the new county of Charlton. The election
took place on the second Monday iu April:
Justices of tho Inferior Court.—Archibald King,
J. L. Courson, James Thompson, John Roberts and
nt suitable point* on tho Mississippi river, between New
Orleans and St. Louis, tluu connecting Itself with tue vari
ous similar improvement* nod contemplated In Allan-
Ho States, and concentrating at wine point In *eYM. ou or
route designated by that Stale at the U»l 1- .
Legislator*. chartering the )ll*el»alp|>l, » PM«'"■* »J»«g 0
Railroad, uud theuco to the l’aclflo Ocean and Uuirof Uall
,U a"'«Siofwi, That In the deliberate J."lff«n**nt of *»>l-
Cnnventlon, the Gadsden Treaty wilh U»e Uovernmeut. f
Mexico. a* published In the newspapers, ought Uii be rat
lied br the Senate of the fulled slates, so far. at"JO r " 1 •
u to secure the be*t rente for the proposed MUthei i Hall,
road from the weatorn llmlla of 1«*'*» *" tl1 !* 1 ?, ,,l0 " n -
4 Rrsalivl. Tlmt in order to make provision for the u<»ii-
structiun »f aaid read, thl* Conventlou re*pectfolly recoin,
mend that a Southern myanlralfon be effected. If praet ca*
be «.r tho State* of Maryland. Virginia. North larolin*.
South Carolina, (lenrgm. Fl*»rl In. Mississippi, Isiulsliinn,
Texas. Arkansas. Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, and of the
different ciHe*.and railroad compar.ica and corporation* iu
tho.w Stale*, for the purpose of building a Southern Kali,
nuid to the Pacific Ocean or (• ulf of California, by tho route
and from one or more of the point* indicated in tho second
of these re*otut'on*—negotiating lor the light of way, if
n i.-essary, with th • Uorernniout of Mexico.
ft. Htwlv 11. Thai to effect this organisation, tld* Con
vention ri-fpei (fully nihiscs the incorporation, by the Leg
islature of (lie state of Virginia, of a Southern 1‘acilic Hall-
road I'oinpany. with a capital sufficient to build aucli road
from tin- pointer point*, and by the route Indicated In the
2d resolution—-of which norporation I he several .-nuthern
Slate* above mentioned, the several cities therein, and the
several Haitroad Uompanies therein, shall bo Invited to ho
co-operator* together with such other Companies and In
dividual* nsniny cboose to *ub«cribe for stock, including
If they desire it. the Cherokee. Choctaw and Creek nations
of Indian*, west of the Mississippi. That said States be in
vited to take slock in such corporation to theamount of not
less than $".000,000 each,to be raised and secured in such
manner as the Legislature of each such State shall direct.
Thai each of said cities and Railroad CouiptvuU-s be Invited
to subscribe for stock to such amount as it* menus will ad
mit. That th© exist nee of said Corporation bo recognised
by oucli of said States, and such powers he vested ill, and
such franchise* and capacities granted to it by the Is‘gis-
1 iime of each such state. ** may be necessary tneffect
tho object or the organization. ami that in it* Directory,
each such State lie equally represented
t>. Resolveil. That thl* Contention respectfully recom
mends tint, if necessary, special sessions of the Legislature*
of such States be called, for tho purpose of taking Into con
front each State represented in tills Convention'. Be iVJi'JiWiViX-
ed to draft a charter of incorporation for such company,
and lay the same before tho Governor* of tho said several
State*, and the Nations or General Councils of tho Chero
kee. Creek and Choctaw Indians, requesting each of said
(•overnors to convene the legislature of his State, iu order
to consider the same, and take such other steps in regard
to sticli road a* may be necessary and proper, if. in his
opinion, it should bo expedient to do so; and especially
praying the Oovernorof Virginia to lay said draft ol a char
ter before the legislature of that State, with hi* views in
regnrd thereto; and requesting said Councils ol tho Chero
kee*. Creek* and Choctaws, to act therein, to rec<|gni*e such
company, grant right* of way through their national Inuds
for any branch or brandies of said road that may pass
through the same, and enact such other law* as shall so
euro to the South, so far as may bo in their power, tin* ex
clusive benefits and advantages of tho commerce of the Pa
cific, und of the wealthy provinces of Mexico intended to be
traversed by said road.
7. Resolved, That this Convention recommend that power
be given to -aid corporation, by ils character. t» negotiate
witli Mexico for and purchase, if necessary, a right of way
through her territory to the Pacific Ocean, or to some point
on the Uulf of California ; to stfpulato with that goveri
ment that in the event the same is granted no higher rail
or charges shall ever bo Imposed or exacted for psssnge i
transportation over said road on citizens of Mexico than c
those of the United States ; and to agree that tile compnr.
will maintain militnry posts along said road, will in all
tiino submit to the jurisdiction and laws of Mexico,
claim no political rights nor attempt to colonize the c
try.
8. Rnolveit, That in tho opinion of this convention.
Southern States, corporations and peoplu. are entirely
to build said road, uud tlmt no time should be lust in doing
so ; that it is its easy to commence it now as ten or twel
years hence, and it can ns easily be completed in ten ten
us in h century ; and tlmt it is the duly of every Southei
man. to himself, his chilreu. and his country, to enguge
earnestly in this great and indispensable measure of securi
ty. as well »* of wealth, and of political and commercial
power to tho South.
It having boon demonstrated beyond all controver
sy. that tbe construction of railroads, through the
public lands of the United States, so increases the val
ue of the land, in cases where alternate sections have
been granted, as a condition for the construction of
such roads, the remaining lands of tho Government
have been readily brought into market, at prices
which have realized to the treasury a sum larger than
was asked for the whole land without the construction
of such roads—thus fulfilling the trust committed to
Congress by the realization of the common luml in
the public lands for tho benefit of all the Stales ; at
the same time that it relieves the States, in which tin
of the (Joeentur's proclamation, from any.iiucb oflemW
lug State, ho will lie compelled to make oath ol tlio
fact, In returning his properly for taxation, and pay
the lax fixed by the State. The effect of such a law
would ho, that neither tho merchant* or other citizen*
of Virginia would purchase any merchandize from
tho offending States, to bo Hold or commuted in Vir
ginia. consequently they would not ho taxed. Her
oUlaons would trade exclusively with States which
continued fnlthftil to the Constitution. The wealth
which the trado of Virginia gives, would bo divertod
front those who have proved the enemies or her rights
und given to States faithful to the Constitution.
U'u believe tltut this argument or interest, coupled
with an exhibition or the power of the State to do
herself justice, will Is* the strongest preservation of
tlm Constitution and the Union which it forms, and
lie the means, in the end, ol preserving peace uud
harmony umong tho State*.
The Convention then resumed tho consideration of
tho subject pending at yesterday’s adjournment, viz :
the sixth measure of the third resolution, as submit
ted by the Committee on Resolutions.
I<t. M. F. Maury asked leave to withdraw the sixth
measure. And, after some discussion, leave wuj giv-
i to withdraw tho sixth measure.
The question then recurring upon the sixth meas
ure ns amended, Mr. N. I). Coleman, of Mississippi,
offered the following as a substitute, viz :
Resolved, That tho Senator* and Representative* in Con
gress. from tho Slate* represented in this Convention, be
requested to urge upon Congreaa the importance of the fob
losing measure*, viz:
1. The reduction of duties on railroad Iron.
■J. 1 lie passage of an act for the improvement of the mer
chant service, by encouraging boys to go to *ea, and for
eventing desertion.
IV To send one or two small Hteamers tip the Amazon for
the purpose of exploring tho tributaries of that river, which
Hie State* owning them have declared to bo free to the
commerce and navigation of Hie whole world ; and that the
Government of Ilrnxil be requested to permit these vessels
to make explorations and survey* upon tho shore* of the
Amazon belonging to that nalioii.
I To encourage Hit) establishment of a lino of mail
steamer* between some Southern txirt or port* and the
month of the Amazon, or some other port of Ilrazil.
ft Ai <1. also, to encourage Hie establishment of a direct
mail route by steamers between somo Southern port or
ports and Kurnpo,
And, after tliHCUHsion, upon tho call of tho State*
the vote appeared its follow*, viz:
Yea*—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia. Ken*
com Ricky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Tennessee,
North Carolina, Bouth
lands i
re located, front tli
• serious evil oi
a Govern-
incut proprietorship, will
•It is held with
nit liu
it of
time b.
yond tlii-ir control
of tnxution, or
other
aid,
for the
-rapport of the State Government.
There
ore.
bu it
l. Re
alveil. That the Sen
it or* nnd Representativ
s in
C.ingrt—
fr m the States wh
ill have sent dele
;utes ti
this
Convert
ion. be respectfully.
nit. at the same 1
ned-
ly requr
sled to use their lie*
land iiiu»t liligent elfur
», to
procure
tlio passage of till 1,
IU now pending.
ir tlmt
Is* here
ftor Introduced.gnu
ling alternate rec
ions ol
pull.
For Clerk, James Oliver.
For Sheriff, Daniel Dodge.
For Tax Collector, L. N. 0. Strickland.
For Receiver, John Gibson.
For Surveyor, A. J. Bessent.
For Ordinary, Dr. F. Smith.
For Coroner, James Bennett.
AnnivAL of tub Alabama—Snow Stokm at New
Yokjc.—By a telegraphic dispatch to tho agents in
this city, we learn that the steamship Alabama ar
rived nt New York, at 9 o'clock, on Saturday morn
ing. On nearing New York she encountered a severe
snow storm with a gale from the north-east.
Temperance.—Armory Hull was the scene, Inst
evening, of the labors in behuif of Temperance of
Bev. Mr. Bates und "Parson” Bkownlow. A col
lection was "lifted," according to previous notice,
for the benefit of tho Temperance College of East
Knoxville, as we are informed by our reporter. The
labo'-s of Brother Bkownlow, who is the editor of
the Knoxville Whig, iu the reforms of the day are
varied, and given with an efficiency and earnestness,
which have rendered him u marked character wlmrc-
ever ho is known. Tho meeting was well attended,
and those present seemed greatly to enjoy It.
' Inquest—The Coroner yesterday hold an inques
over tho body of Cornelius, the slave of Mr*. Eliza
Boss, drowned on Sunday morning at Thunderbolt,
when the jury returned a verdict in accordance with
tbe facts stated.
Sudden DliTB^bAn, a slave,belonging to P. Iv.
Bdiels, Esq., ncaPjasper Spring, was yesterday
morning found dead iu his bed. Supposed cause ol
death, iutcmperanco. Coroner Eden will hold an in
quest over the body this morning, at tho Negro ceme
tery.
Poweli/s I)e Soto.—This painting, an extended
notice of which we have already given, is now on ex
hibition at Armory Hall, as will be seen by reference
to an advertisement in another column. Wc deem it
entirely unnecessary more than to announce this fact
to secure for it that attention from our citizcnH which,
not only as a work of art, but ns commemorative of
an important historical event, its merits entitle it to.
** Athenaeum.—The performance at tho Athcmcum
lost night passed off to the grat ification of a fine au
dience. To-night the Mahtinetti troupe receive a
benefit, and from the important part they have acted
in contributing to tbe enjoyment of the Athcniuum-
going public for tho past few nights, wo trust they
will bo allowed a “ benefit as is a benefit," as Mr.
Weller would say.
Resignation of Senator Truman Hmltli.
Mr.Smith, Senator from Conn., has addressed the
following manly letter to the people of that Stute,
announcing tho resignation of hi* seat in tho United
States Senate :
To the people of Connecticut :
I respectfully announce to you that l have resigned
my seat a* your Representative in tbe Senate of the
United States, to take effect Irom and after Monday,
the ‘24th day of May next. I am impelled to take
this step by tho urgency of my private affaire, which
liavo been too long neglected by reason of my en-
K nents here. 1 find myself under the necessity
ing uhsent several weeks during the present
session of Congress, and it docs not consist with iny
sense of right to hold a place of so much responsi
bility when I am unable to discharge its duties; but
I ain willing thut it should he understood that I do
not dissolve a relation, tho honor of which I shall
cherish to my dying breath, without a pang. I am.
however, hat anticipating; os every man, however
exalted his station may he, must sooner or later sink
into the constituent body.
I, therefore, cheerfully ombrnce now the inevitable
lot of all, and returning into the midst of the people,
I shall continue to sympathize with them in resisting
What wise and good men regard as evil, and in pro
moting qll Unit is best adapted to ensure the success
of our free Institutions and the orosperity and huppi-
netis of tho American people. 1 cannot lake leave or
J ou without proffering to you, one and all, without
Utlnction or name or party, my profound acknowl
edgments for tho many distinguished expressions or
confidence which I have received at your hands.—
Few public men have been treated with more indnl-
f ence than I have been by yon. my generous const!
lent*, and few have been so long and so uniformly
B-ixUined. I deeply lament that my ability to serve
you has been *o inconsiderable, though not conscious
of being wanting in anxiety for tho public welfare, or
in a desire to uphold tho honor of our ancient com
monwealth. I, therefore, hand over the trust which
2 ou liavo confided to me to some one of tho many
ighly qualified citizens or our State, whom the Gen
eral Assembly may l>o pleased to designate as my
successor, and hid you adieu with emotions of grati
tude such as tny pen is inadequate to record.
Tkuman Smith.
Wabhinoton, April 11th. 1854.
Ill* astonishing how liquor promotos independ
ence, A Philadelphia old "brick,” who wan lying In
livery spiritual manner, was advised in a friendly
way to economise os “flour was going up." "Let ft
go nn ” sqid the old fellow; “I kin git oa ’high’ as
floor kin, auy day."
lie I.udIi within tln« limit, hcreiofore (ire-
cases. in itid of the cnnatrueHon of rwilr
clnirters have been ohtnine<| from Hie |>r>
intended to connect the navigable water*
HlMe* with th» Atlantic or Pacific oee.ni,
Mexico, or to form links in creat chain* of rosi
to connect such water*, or the (iiilf with eltliei
especially such ssare tlm best calculated to nib
direct, cheapest mid speedy connection hetweei
tic Ocean nn i thcCulf of Mexico, with
mils. Tor which
per sutlioritici
of any Stale <
Atlni
points
r to the Pnciffo'shoro!
iiKre-* cinnot he induced t
te section* of Und, for ruilnm
■ d by these resolutions, tin
rent Nln
Mates.
y Rail.
of pr
the li
such
' 1 ■ S r
* tune finding winch
•rn. Allan-
(ilitoblc
proclamation of tho fact, and from that date until
the act ol Congreaa shall be repealed, tbe law or Vir
ginia will bo In furoo against all tho HlattyiMho*)
Senator* Iu Congress voted for the uct oil iU IlnM
ii*K*Agc. Every cltzcn le now notified, that If ho
West or tlm MlssUsipp
most likely extended lierenfti
'1. K-s il -el. That in case C
make *ueh grants of nlte
purpose*, a-* are rramn
tlm Convention approve,
tnent of a general law. living to Hie
which the public land. He. tlm riifht
purchase ol all. or an v or tlm land, on
road sanctioned by the fxcUUtiin" of
breadth or .ix miles, on each side of
prices, graduated In proportion to t
Such hind* nmv have been in market and _
3. Ktsotretl, Tlmt railroad, connecting
tic. and (iuir ports, and radial ing from tlu-ni loan
• lie South and South western ini' rior. |d i„. t
by any means incur pnner. whether by indivi.
ty corporations, or bv Stain ered ts projierly ^r>
■icing, in our opinion, the most -aft*, eennoureal an
means of developing tlm mrririiltural and mineral r
of the States, and .implying the certain basis of p
export mid import trade.
4. Resolved. That this Convention view* with uequalifii
.-pprobatinn the great rallro. d works in progress, uiul pone-
rating the valley of tho Mississippi, connecting imports
mints in tho valley of tho Mississippi and its tributari
vit'i tho seaports of the South Atl ratio and Gulf Stnh
and also connecting the AHantic with the (lulf of Mexit
5 f fry dr-si. Thai the speedy completion of this systr
of railroad*. I* essential to the full development of the n
icultuial. mineral and manufacturing resources of tlm
outh. and to the control and direction to her own son port)
ff the great commerce in her production* that is now cur
it'd on through other channel*, while, at tho same time, il
< eminently calculated to draw closer the bonds of tinior
•mnngst us. und to |>erpctunte our social and other in»ti
• itions.
0. Resotved. That this Convention recommend, in the
uost emphatic manner, to the several States in which Mich
forks are in progress, to afford nil tho primary aid cssen*
ial to tho speedy completion of Mm same, and "the neentn-
tUlimi-ut of tlm great and patriotic ends for which they
vere desi-itied.
7 RetoliYit, Tlmt copies of these Resolutions he Iran*,
lilted by tlm President of this Convention to the Covern-
cs of all tho States hero represented, to he laid before the
mvernl Legislature* therent.and also to tho member* of
''onirress from the States here represented.
By F. S. l/oak in behalf of the Virginia delegation :
Rrtolred. Tlmt this Convention recommend to each of Hie
outhern States having a seaport, to adopt the iiiostciH-
ient measures for the protection of the slave property ol
ucli State against abduction by sen or otherwise.
By Mr. Ileart, of South Carolina :
Resolpfil. That in view of the present deficient and iinper-
i'ct condition of the mail service in the Southern States,
nth with regard to their communication* with other por-
ion* of the Union, and with foreign countries, a committee
•f one from each State represented in this Conventtnn.be
tised to ascertain the extent of the evil, and to suggest
I lie proper remedy.
Mr. Nelson Tift, of Georgia, presented the follnw-
sig as a report from a giib-conimitteo of tho Commit-
eo on Resolutions, and hy the latter ordered to he
presented to the Convention :
In the opinion of your committee, the Beveral States
d" the Union have practical, simple and constitutional
-leans, by virtue of powers not delegated in tho Con-
titution of the United States, of protecting them-
elves against serious violations of their constitution-
I or natural rights, either hy Congress or by other
Rates of the Union ; and we believe that these means
vill avert, in all time, the dreaded catastrophe—dis-
inion—and teach the enemies of tin* Constitution,
ttd the usurpers or the rights of States, hy the potent
rgument ol interest, as well as justice, tlmt their
cliemes of wrong eanuot be prosecuted with impu-
>ity.
Without entering into nn argument of principles or
■owera, which are well settled, tve will proceed to
,. I list rate hy a supposed cos*.
Virginia passes a law, the leading provisions of
•Itich are as follows :
1st. That ifCnngrcM shall pass any law abolishing
lavory in the District of Columbia, or iu any territory
l" the U. 8., the Senators voting for the act on its
•nn! passage, shall beheld to represent the sovereign
ill of their respective States (for nets of aggression
ommitted by State authority within the limits of a
tote, the same remedy may he applied)—tlmt such
lutes hIiiiII ho considered as having intentionally
• ioluted their faith pledged to Virginia iu the Con-
.itution.
2d. Tlmt if any State shall violate its faith uledged
• o Virginia, in the Constitution of the United States,
y an f such act or ucts as specified in the 1st section,
■ 'ie Governor of the Stute shall issue a proclamation
• l the fact, with a notice tlmt all articles of mcrcimn-
• izo bought from such faithless State after that date,
i ml either purchased, sold or consumed in the Slate
• f Virginia, will he subject to a tax of 100 per cent
• ;ion their value.
3d. That at the usual time of receiving returns of
t -xable property, the Tax Receiver, in addition tn
t he usual oath, shall administer to tax payers an ad-
tional oath, that they will render a true account,
• the best of their knowledge and belief, of all arti-
«»o( merchandize bought from such faithless State,
-nee the date ol the Governor’s proclamation, which
' hey havo either purchased, sold or consumed in the
, tale of Virginia.
4tli. That such articles so returned, shall puy a tax
• f 100 per cent.
5th. That if any person shall refuse to take the
• ith and psy the tax. they shall lm guilty or a niia-
‘mennor. and shaft he fined in the huiii of dol-
i ire. which may be remitted by subscribing tho oath,
i ad paying the tux.
fitli. That when the cause for enforcing the act shall
« removed, or the injustice remedied, the Governor
■nil issue u proclamation of tho fact, and tho law
mil thus lio suspended, to be enforced again, should
iy of tho specified wrongs ho committed.
To ascertain the effect of such a law. let us sup-
, ose that Congress had poised one or tlie act* thus
enonneed by Virginia, as violation of ber constitn-
i .onal or national righto. The Govornor laaues his
Nays—Indiana, Missouri
Tho substitute wits "declared acopted.
Upon motion of Mr. I). F. Ferry, of South Caroli
na, the 4th resolution was stricken out.
The second repmt of tho Committee was then ta
ken up. and the first resolution amended by filling
the blank with “one front each State represented in
this Convention." And the first resolution, thus
amendud. was then adopted.
The 2d resolution was adopted.
The 3d resolution being under consideration, Mr.
C. F. Gooch, of Virginia, offered the following ns a
substitute, viz:
UetoIml. That n Committee, consisting of two members
f on) each seaport represented in this Convention, bo ap
pointed for the purpose of enquiring into the expediency
of establishing a lino of steamships between one or more
<>r said port*, and certain port or port* of Kurope, with
liberty to act durimr the reces* of the Convention.to carry
into prompt execution such scheme, having tho above ob
ject in view ns may he ngrecd upon.
Resolved. Tlmt the Southern iielegatc* in the Congress of
the United States be requested to urge the passage of nn
Act authorizing the tran-portntion of the Uniled States
Mail in r>aid steamships, with such compensation ns ha*
been heretofore allowed to other Steam Linn* for similar
service.
Which was adopted.
The fourth resolution being tinder consideration
Mr. Clutter, of Virginia, moved to amend hy striking
out ail after the words “ and equal.”
Mr. Tift, of Georgia, moved as a substitute, as fol
lows :
Resolve t. Tlmt this Convention recommend to the Gov
eminent of tin* United Ntntes to mnke treaties with foreign
Governments providing for tho admission of tobucco
other Southern products, at reduced rates of duty.
And the question being upon this amendment, it
was adopted.
Tiio question then recurring on Mr. Clutter’s
amendment, it was adopted.
Alter iliscuKsion, participated in hy Messrs. T. A.
Marshall of Miss., Folk, of Tenn., and Rufiln. of Va.
the question then being taken on the substitute, it
was adopted.
Mr. Folk, of Tennessee, moved to strike out the
last clause, beginning “ and that ” which wns ahopt-
ed.
The question then recurring on tbe resolution ns
ameniled. it was adopted.
The third report was then taken tip and the first
and second resolutions adopted. The third resolution
having been withdrawn, during the debate ou the
fourth the Convention adjourned.
SIXTH DAY.
Saturday, April 15,1854.
The Convention was called to order at 9 A. M.
Resolutions were adopted in favor of patronizing
Southern periodicals, and tendering the thanks of the
Convention in the people of Charleston and Carulina
for their hospitality.
Gov. Leake, of Vn.—Resolution Inviting the Con
vention to meet next at Norfolk. Laid on the table
for flic present.
Mr. A. Hull, of Georgia.—Resolution inviting co
operation between tho Southern Commercial and
Agricnltrunl Conventions in promoting agriculture
and commerce. Laid on the table.
The order of the day was taken up. The resolu
tion in order was the fourth of those on the l’ueific
Railroad, reported by General Committee.
Mr. Tift, of Georgia, proposed an amendment,—
“ that one or more railroads, connecting our railroads
in the Atlantic and Gulf Stafos with the Pacific
Ocean, would promote every interest in the country,
and make the United States tho receiver und dii
trihtilor of the commerce of the world ; that every
movement of our railroads westward is a step towards
the accomplishment ol this object; and tlmt iu the
opinion of the Convention, privutc enterprise, aided
by hiicIi legitimate means as the se veral States may
furnish, and hy such grants of alternate sections of
land, ns Congress may grant consistently with the in
terests of the States iu the public lands, are the most
sufe and certain means of accomplishing the objects
proposed."
Alter debate, previous question ordered. The vote
was thus on the main original or fourth resolution.
The vote was by States, and was unanimously in the
affirmative. This being the key of the whole ques
tion, tho remaining resolutions o > the same subject
were ill progress of adoption when this report closed.
CoL Fremont.
Wo find the following letter Irom this gentleman
in the Nntionul Intelligencer. It is gratifying as
showing Hint the intelligence received via San Fran
cisco was somewhat exaggerated, and as showing that
his venturous service has been satisfactorily perform
ed
•Farawan, Iron County, Utah Territory, )
February 9,1854. S
My Dear Sir : I have had the good fortune to meet
here our friend. Mr. Kuhbitt, the secretary of the ter
ritory, who is on his way to Washington, in charge of
the mail and other very interesting despatches, the
importance of which is urging him forwaid with ex
treme rapidity. He passes directly on this morning,
and I have barely a few moments to give you intelli
From the New York Hertld. 10th.
UNB (VEfifi. LATFU FItOM KVROPK.
' ARRIVAL OV THO HEKMN AN# AMERICA.
Highly Ijhpoi-tnnt News.
Dednratloii of W»r »Kn!n,t Uuuln 1, England
and France.
Great Kali in ConenU-.Orer Forty ThotteaiKI
Kunelnna Crossed the Danube—Reported
Defeat of the Huaslane at Tortukal—The
night* of Neutrals—Assassination of tho
Duke ot Karma—News front China—Two
’Weeks Later from Australia.
By the llerntann.
The United 8tates mall steamship Hermann, Cnpt.
E. Higgins, arrived at this port at 114 o'clock yester
day morning, having left Bremen (whore Rho was tie-
lajcd thirty-six hours hy a heavy gale ol wind) on
tlw 20tli and Southampton on the 29lii ultimo.
The Hermann hits one hundred and thirty passen-
girs, ami a full enrgo of German, French, and Brit-
Isa merchandise.
The Uuitod States mail steamship Nashville, C’apt.
Retry .arrived at Southampton, mi her way to Havre,
o» the '27th ultimo, after a passage of thirteen days
fitnn this port.
Tho Andus readied Liverpool on the 28th.
Tho CoIIIiih Hteamsliip Arctic, from New York on
tie 18th, arrived nt Liverpool at one o'clock on the
morning of Thursday tho 30th ult.
The political intelligence by the Hermann is of the
highest importance.
7lie Cabinet courier dnspatdiod with the ultimatum
of France and England to tlio Emperor of Utissiu,
hart returned to Loudon with an ollieial announce
ment that no reply to the joint demand of the two
Powers would be made.
Inconsequence of this a message from tlio Queen
was sent down to both Houses of Parliament on the
27llt. announcing the failure of all negotiations
riedon with Russia, and the consequent necessity of
adopting other measures to enforce a compliance.'
The message concluded with a declaration that the
Queen relied upon tlio bravery ol Iter army and navy
under tho emergency.
The message was to Ire taken into consideration on
the31st ult., and a reply from both houses of Parlia
ment will be voted in answer to it.
In tlio menntime, an official declaration of war
against Russia appears in the London Gazette of the
28/*, ami tn all the London papers of the 29/A.
On the same day the President of tlio Corps Legis-
intif in Paris presented a message from the Emperor
Napoleon, to the effect thut the recent resolutions of
the Cabinet of St. Petersburg had placed Russia in a
state -f war with France, tho responsibility of which
passed tho Great Belt and anchored Vu ^“P! cr .’. .V*
27tb March.
The Havre journals publish the following important
telegraphic despatch from the Minister of Marine to
the chief of the nmratiiuo service nt Havre:—
Paris, March 25,1864.
Inform your Chamber of Commerce tlmt letters of
marque will not he delivered hy tlio United States,
and that tlio federal government lias formally declar
ed to the representative of France that acta so con
trary to international law will not be tolerated on the
territory of the Union.
The Paris Monileur states that on the 15th of
March Prince Gortsehakoff attempted to take an is-
land iu tho Danube opposite Tiirtukiii. Tlio fire of
the Turks, however, destroyed this bridge, and 2,000
Russians were slain. The loss of tho Turks was iu-
significant.
A telegraphic despatch front Bucharest, dated the
24th of March, states tlmt on the 23d, nt 1 o’clock in
the afternoon, 18,000 Russians crossed the river from
lirnlia to Gedshid without meeting with any resis
tance from the Turks.
Another telegraphic despatch from Yienna. dated
the 27th March, affirms positively that 35,000 Rus
sians crossed the Danube near Mutschiii, on the 23d,
without meeting any resistance. The march of the
Russians from Ihralm was continuing, so that it was
expected a considerable corps would lie assembled
between Gedshid mid Matchin. General Luders sup
ported the movement hy a demonstration front Galatz.
Tito text of the convention of alliance botwocn
Turkey, France and Englnud was received at tlio For
eign Office in Paris on the 27tli ult. It is believed
that a communication to that effect will, without
much delay, be published in tho Monileur.
It is stated that Prince Dcmidull", who for several
years past has resided in Florence, has written to
the Emperor Nicholas, ulacingat his Majesty's dispo
sal " his fortune and his sword.” The Prince is the
husband of the Princes Matliilde, daughter of tho
King Jerome, uud consequently first cousin to the
Einperorof the French.
Iw-t.be London Stock Exchange prices of nil public
securities were declining, and money was very tight.
Consols were Iasi quoted at HtiJ to 80.J—a fall of two
and threc-cigliLs in four days.
Thu excitement in the markets for Russian produce
was unabated, and hemp and tallow Imii again risen,
tallow being quoted at 7is. fid. Linseed and paint
oils were also rising considerably in value. *
At Liverpool, large speculative purchases of Amer
ican flour had taken place, und there was a consump
tive and speculative demand at three shillings per
barrel advance.
The accounts from the manufacturing towns for the
nnst week showed the general effect of tho pressure
in the money market combined with tho apprehen
sions of war. At Manchester, transactions had been
almost suspended. At Birmingham, however, busi
ness was brisk. At Nottingham, there was a gener
al stagnation, both as regards the home and foreign
demand. Great dullness prevailed iu the woollen
districts. In the Irish linen market, there was a slight
improvement, owing to an increase ol foreign orders.
The Overland Indian mail reached London on the
29th ultimo, with dates from Riirinah to February 2.
Calcutta, February 19, Madras, 24, Bombay, ‘‘28.
Shangliae, 4, Hong Kong, 11. Singapore, 18. Bus-
sem, in Btirinah, was in u disturbed state. Slmiigliae
was still in possession of the patriots, and the rebel
army was wintering at Fecit Lin, one hundred miles
from Pekin. Tho Overlnnd mail brought late and
important commercial news from Australia, tin* dates
from Sydney being to January 25, Melbourne, Janua
ry 3ft, Adelaide. February 4. Tho returns from the
gold fields in New South Wales were increasing, and
rich mines had been found at Tamborowa. Trade in
Australia wns improving, witli a brisk demand for
goods nt Sydney. Gold tvas quoted at £3 17s. per
ounce at Sydney, and £3 16s. at Melbourne.
A telegraphic despatch from Turin states that on
the 26th ultimo, p.t a quarter to five o’clock in the
evening, the Duke of Purina was stubbed witli a dag
ger. Tho Duke died tlio following day. The assas
sin escaped. Tlio Duchess of Parma has been de
clared the Sovereign of the duchy, as Regent, during
the minority of iter son, who was horn on tlm 9th of
July, 1848.
The drain of specie to India and China is now
likely to ho checked hy the fall in the rates of ex
change announced hy the overland mail.
The threatened strike of seamen at Shields had
taken place. The shipping office was deserted, and
some hundreds of men were in tho market place, re
fusing to work. A serious interruption to business
was the result, and several ships were detained for
want of hands.
The death of the Duke of Portland is recorded hy
this steamer.
Tlio Crystal Palace at Sydenham was to be opeued
on the 24th of May, hy Queen Victoria in person.
to tlie
The following is an account of tlio ceremonial at
ad •" and further “ that it wonld I to so framed M not ‘ Ru**lan produce brought ovvr ilia frontier by land, and
to cxprena any opidlon that any noble lord may find
a difficulty in concurring in, either on the grounda
that the war might have been avoided by abstaining
from all interference, or by more vigorous stopa hav
ing been taken at an earlier period."J
fn tho House of Commons there was an unusually
large attendance of mcnilmrs. At fivo o'clock, Lord
John Russell having been called upon by tbe Speak
er, announced that he had to communicate to the
House a message from tho crown, which statement
was followed hy a general cry of " Hats off.” Mr.
Hume, nnd several gentlemen sitting near him, did
not uncover, and tho cull of " Hals off,"' was continu
ed for some moments without producing tlio desired
effect upon those members, who, however, removed
their huts when tlio Speaker commenced reading tho
royal message.
Tho Speaker requested Ixtrd John Russell, In tlio
usual form, to tiring up the message, nnd accordingly-
the noble lord placed the document in the hands ot
the right honorable gentleman, who proceeded to
read it to the House amidst the most profound silence.
Lord John Russell rose and said—I beg to move, sir,
that her Majesty’s most gracious message he taken
into consideration on Friday next. The motion was
agreed to.
The Drt-lnrntloii of Wnr.
From tli© 8u|i|)lum(iiit to tho Lutdon Gazette, March 28.
DECLARATION.
It Is with deep regret ber Majesty announce* tbe failure
other anxious ami protracted endeavors to preserve for her
people nnd for Piirn|>e the blessing* of peace.
The unprovoked aggression nt the Kmperor of Russia
against the .Sublime I’orte ha* been persisted in witli such
disregard of consequences, Hint nftcr the rejection bv tlio
Kmpeior of Russia of terms which the Emperor or Austria,
the Emperor of the French, nnd Hie King of Prussia, as well
ns her Mejesty. considered ju«t and equitable, ber Majesty
is compelled, by n sense of wlmt is due tn the honor ot her
crown, to the interests of her people, and to the independ
ence of Hie Stales of Europe, to come forward in the do-
fence of nn ally whose territory Is Invaded, and whose dig
nity and independence is assailed.
Her Majesty. In justillcatlon of the course she is about
to pursue, refers to Hie transactions in which her Majeity
has been engaged.
The Emperor of Russia had somo muse of complaint
against Hie Sultan with reference to the settlement, which
III* Highness had sanctioned, of the conflicting claims of
“ “reek uud 1 wtlu Churches to a portion of the Holy
of Jerusalem and its neighborhood. To tho com
plaint of the Kmperor of Russia on t; is head, justice was
done; nod her Majesty's Ambassador nt Constantinople
had (ho satisfaction of promoting nn arrangement to
which no exception wns taken hy tlio Rus.’-inn Government.
Hut while Hie Russian (•overnment repeatedly assured
e Government of her Majesty that the mission of Prince
MonscliicolT to Constnutinoido was exclusively directed ‘
ho settlement of the question of tho Holy Places at Jei
alom, Prince MenschikolT himself pressed upon tho Porto
'liter demands of a far more serious and inqiortMnt charac
ter, tho nature of which he, In tho first Instance.endeavor
ed. as far as |iossil)le, to couceal Irom her Majesty Ambas-
r,r'l0.1 »„'l ti..--'privil'it...H „f'ltt'Wr.-Jlit'KUfte WSSSSSS;.!?
but the position of many millions of Turkish subjects in
their relations to their sovereign tlio Sultan.
• demands were rejected by tho spontaneous decision
of tho Sublime I’orte.
o assurance* have been given to her Majesty—one.
the mission of Prince M'-nschikoff only regarded tlio
H’dt Places ; the other, that his mission would be of a con
ciliatory character.
hi both respects her Majesty's just expectation* were dis
appointed.
IK’tnand* were made which. In the opinion of the Sultan
extended to Hie substitution of the Kmperor of Russia’s au
thority for his own over a large portion of hi* subjects; and
' innnds were forced by a threat; and when her Ma
imed that, on announcing the termination of hiH
mission. Prim e .MenschikolT declared that the refusal of his
demands would impose upon the Imperial Government the
necessilv <-f seeking a guarantee by its own power, her Ma
jesty thought proper that her licet should leave Malta, and
in co o|HTiition with Hint of his Majesty tho Emperor of
tlio French, Like up its station in tho neighborhood of the
Dardanelles.
No long as tho negotiation bore an amicable character
her Maje*tv refrained from any deinonstiatiunol force Bet
“hen. in nddition to the iissemblage of large millitary tor
's on the frontier of Turkey, tho Amh.issudor of Russia
illmate l Hint serious consequences would ensue from tho
rural of the 8«lt»n to comply with unwarrantable do.
and., her Majesty deemed it right, in conjunction with
the Emperor ol the French, togivenn unquestionable proof
determination to support the sovereign rights of tlio
Sultan.
Tlio Russian government lias maintained that the deter-
illation of the Emperor to occupy the Principalities was
ilicn in consequence ot the advance of the fleets of Kng-
ml ami France. Hut the menace ol invasion of the Turk-
h territory was conveyed in Count Nunclrnde's note to
Rescind Pacha, of the 19. (31st) May. and restated in his
nteli to Harnn Urutiow, of tlio 20th May (1st June.)
h announced tho determination ol the Emperor of
Russia to order his troops to occupy the Principalities if
the Porte did not within a week comply with the demands
of Russia.
despatch to her Majesty's Ambassador at Constanti
nople authorizing him. in certain specified contingencies,
to send for the British fleet, wns dated the 31st May. and
the order sent direct Irom England tn her Majesty’s admiral
o proceed to the neighborhood of the Dardanelles was
nted the 2d of June.
The determination to occupy the Principalities wns,
liurefore. taken before tho orders for the advance of the
umbined squadrons were given.
The Multan'* Minister was informed that unless he signed
• ithiu a week.and without the change of a word, the note
r*.posed to the I’orte by Prince Menschiknff. on the eve of
J* departure from Constantinople, the Principalities of
Moldavia and Wulhu-liiu would lie occupied by Kussjaii
The Sultan could not accede to so insulting a ‘de
but when the actual occupation of the Principal!-
k place, tlie Sultan did not. as lie might have done
xorcise of hi* undoubted right, declare wnr. but ad-
dressed a protest to his allies.
Ih r Majesty iu conjunction with the sovereigns of Aus
tria, France and Prussia, lias made various attempts lo
tt any just demand* of tho Emperor of Russia without
affecting the dignity nnd independence of tlie Sultan ; nnd
had it been the Mile object ol Russia to obtain security for
tlie enjoyment by tho Christian subjects of the Porte of
their privilege* und immunities, she would have found it
in tho offer* that have been made by the Sultan. Hut as
that lecurity was not offered in tlie shape of a special and
parate stipulation frith Russia it was rejected. Twice
hay this offer been made by the Sultan, amt recommended
hy the four Powers, once by n note originally prepared at
Vienna, nnd subsequently modified by tho i’orte, once bv
the proposal of buses of negotiation agreed upon at Con
stantinople on the 31st of Dcjember. and approved nt Vien
na ou the 13tli of Jnnuary. as offering to tlio two parlies
tlie means ot arriving at an understanding in a becoming
id honorable manner.
It is Hius manifest that a right for Russia to intefere in
ie ordinary relations of Turkish subjects to their sover-
gn.and not the happinessof Christian communities InTur-
key, was the object sought for by the Russian government;
to such a demand the Sultan would not submit, and Ids
Highness, in self-defence, declared war upon Russia ; but
her Majesty nevertheless, in conjunction wilh hi
Bence ol our mile arrival and of our Rcneral good • the House of Lords on the 27th ult., from tbe London
health and reasonable success in the object of onr ex- jyi
pertitinn.
Tins Winter lias happened to be one of extreme
and unusual cold. Here, tlie citizens inform me, R
lots been altogether the severest since tlio settlement
ot tills valley. Consequently, so far as tlio snows arc
concerned, the main condition of our exploration has
been fulfilled. We entered the mountain regions on
tho Heurfuno river on the 3d of December, nnd issued
from it here on the 7tl> of this month, arriving here
yesterday afternoon. We went through the Coocha-
tope Pass on the 14tli ol Decernlier, with four inches—
not feet, (take notice) hut inches—of snow on tlie
level among tlie pines and in tlie shade on tlie summit
of tlie Pass. This decides what you consider tlie
great question, and fulfils the leuding condition of my
explorations; und therefore I go no further into de
tails in this letter.
1 congratulate yon on this verification of your judg
ment, and the good prospect it holds out of final suc
cess iu carrying tlie road by this central line. Nature
has"
her
dep
most ... _
tcrior State wilfspring up immediately in the steps
ol the Congressional action which should decide to
carry the road through this region. Iu making my
expedition to this point I save nearly a parallel or
latitude, shortening the usual distance from Green
river to this point hy over a hundred miles. In cross
ing to the Sierra Nevada, I ahull go direct hy an un
explored route, aiming to strike directly the Tejen
Passes, at the head of the San Joaquin valley, through
which in 1850 I drove from 2 to 3000 head of cattle
Unit 1 delivered to the Indian Commissioners. I shall
make what speed I possibly can, going light, and
abandoning tlio more elaborated surveyor my pre
vious line, to gain speed.
Until within about n hundred miles of this place
wc laid dagiicrrcxtypcd tlie country over which we
passed, but were forced to abnndon all tlie heavy bag
gage to save the men, and I shall not stop to send
back for it. Tho Delawares all came in sound, but
the whites of my party wero all exhausted and bro
ken up, nnd more or less frost-bitten. I lost one, Mr.
I’lillcr, of St. Louis, NJo., who died on entering this
valley. He died like a man, ou horseback, in hit
The avenues of Westminster Hall and of the Peers'
entrance to tlie House of Lords were occupied by a
large assemblage of persons anxious to sec her Ma
jesty’s Ministers come down to Parliament with the
declaration of war against Russia. The Lord Chan
cellor took his seat upon the wool-sack nt a few min
utes before 5 o’clock, at which hour the ladies’ gal
lery on either side of tlio throne was filled with peer
esses. Tlie space below the bar was crowded with
members of the House of Commons nnd ethers hav
ing tho privilege of tlio enfne. Among the peers
earliest in attendance were Lord Brougham, the Earl
of Harrowby, Lord Beaumont, tlio Earl of Cardigan,
tlie Eurl of Eilonborough, and the Earl ol Hilaries-
bnry.
When the Ministers took their seats there werepre*
sent upon the Treasury bench the Earl of Aberdeen,
the Marquis of Ltnsdowne, the Earl of Clarendon,
Earl Granville, tlie Duke of Newcastle, tho Duke of
Archbishop of Canterbury. the Bishop of London .the
Bishop of Exeter, and the Bishop of St. Asaph, took
their seats upon the Bishop’s bench.
The Earl of Aberdeen advanced to tlie table nnd
Raid:—A message from the Queen, my lords. The
noble Earl having banded her Majesty’s message to
the Clerk-Assistant, Mr. Lefcvre.it was by him taken
to the laird Chancellor.
Hie laird Chancellor, rising, rend the message,
nrml tlie breathless silence of the House, us follows:
Yictoiua Rho in a:—Her Majesty thinks it proper
tn tcqnaint the House of Lords that tlio negotiations
in rliicli her Majesty, in concert with • er allies, has
forsome time past been engaged with his Majesty
IhcEinperor of all the Russias have terminated, and
tint her Majesty tools bound to afford active asais-
tamo to her ally, tlie Sultan, against unprovoked ag
gression.
Her Majesty lias given directions for laying before
tin House of 1-ords copies of such papers, in addition
totlioso already communicated to Parliament.as will
aflird the fullest information with regard to the snb-
ji’. t of these negotiations. It is a consolation to her
“Si-roCreu 111 •“ ^ ,u “»«“ “i” 1 .o roK .i;;:;
ing on her part to preserve to her subjects tlie bless
ings of pence.
I hope soon to sec you in Washington. Mr. Bab
bitt expects to see you before the end of March.
Among other documents which lie carries with him
uro tho maps and report of Capt. Gunnison's party.
Sincerely and alibctiouatcly,
John C. Fremont.
Col. Bknton, Washington.
P. S.—Tills is tlie Little Halt Lake settlement, nnd
was commenced three years since. Population now
401), and one dentil by sickness since the settlement
was made. Wo liavo been most hospitably received.
Mr. Babbitt im« been particularly kind, and has ren
dered me valuable assistance.
* Vnlloy of tho Para wan. about sixty miles enst of tht
meadows of Santa Clara, between 37 nnd 38 degrees of
north latitude, and between 113 and 114 degrees of west
longitude : olevatlon abovo tho sea about 6,000 feet.
Tho Rhode Island election returns complete, show
the following result ol the vote for Governor:—Hop-
pin, Whig, 9.229 ; Dimrtnd. Dorn., 6,573 ; scattering,
232 ; Hoppin’s majority 2.656. The new Legislature
is so decidedly Whig as to insure the election of all
tlio other Whig candidates who have not a clear ma
jority.
The late James Raymond, it is said, left by will the
sum of $18,000 to his friend Col. Alvaii Mann-who
Huuk that amount in the Broadway Theatre.
Tho Hon. J. C. Breckinridge arrived in Lexington
on Thursday week. He visito home in consequence
of tho illneu of his wife.
Her Majesty’s just expectations have been disap
pointed, and her Mujesty relies with confidence on
tlio zeal and devotion or the House of Lords, nnd on
tlie exertions of her brave and loyal subjects to sup
port her In her determination to employ the power
and resources of tho nation for protecting the do*
minions of the Sultan against the encroachments of
Russia.
The Lord Chnneellor. having read her iHaJosty’i
message, handed it to the reading clerk, Mr. L. Ed
monds, who, taking It to tho table, again read tlio
royal mesrage.
The Earl of Clarendon, then rising, said:—My
lords, on Friday next I shall move that her Majesty's
most gracious message bo taken into consideration.
[Here follow remarks from Earls Derby and Grbt.
The former of whom expressed his earnest anxiety
“ that tlie government will state wbothoror not there
is any truth in the report that lias been circulated
'during tlio lust few days that in this convention there
nre articles between us, France, and Turkey, which
will bo of u nature to establish a protectorate on our
part os objectionable at least os that which, on the
part of Russia, wo have protested against.” Tho lat
ter gentleman expressed a hope “ that iu tlio address
in answer to her Majesty’s message the government
would take care eo to draw that address that there
would bo no difficulty in ito being unanimously adopt
ing not erased her endeavors to restore pence between Hie
contending parties.
Tlio time has. however, nmv arrived when tlio advice and
(•monstrances of the four Powers Imding proved wholly in*
•ff* ctonl, nnd the military preparations of Russia becom
ing daily more extended, it is but too obvious that tbe Flo
or Russia Ims entered upon a course of policy which,
rticckcd, must lend to tlie destruction of the Ottoman
empire.
In this conjuncture ber Majesty feels called upon by re
gard tor ait ally, the integrity nnd independent'" of whose
empire bate beeu recognized as e**ential to the peace ol
Europe, by the sympathies of her people with right against
wrong, by a desire to avert front her dominii ns most inju
rious consequences, and to save Europe from tlie preponder
ance of it Power which hns violated the faith of treaties,
and defies the opinion of tlio civilized world, to take
arms, in conjunction with the Emperor of tho Fi
the defence of theNiilfrui
Her Majesty is persuaded that in so ncling she will have
the cordial support n her people; and Hint tlie pretext of
zeal for the Christinn religion will bn used in vain to cover
an aggression undertaken in disregard of its holy precepts,
and of its pun-and heneficieut spirit.
tier Majesty humblv ’rust* that her effort* may he suc
cessful.atul that, by tlie blessings of Providence, peace may
bo re-established ou safe and solid foundations.
WntTMINSTKH, March 28. 1864
IIKCLAHATION,
Her Majesty, the Queen of tho United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, having been coin|telled to lake up arms
in support of nn ally, is desirous of rendering Hie wnr ns
little onerous as possible to tlio I’owers with whom she re
mains nt pence
To preserve the commerce of neutrals from aft unnecssn-
ry obstruction, ber Majesty is w illing, for tho present lo
waive « part of tho belligerent rights appci taining to her
by tlie law of nations.
It is impossible for her Majesty to forego the exercise of
her right of seizing articles contraband of wnr. nnd of pre
venting neutral* from bearing tlio enemy's despatches; nnd
she must maintain the right of n belligerent to prevent
neutrals from breaking any effective blockade which may
be established with an adequate force against Hie enemy’s
forts, harbors, or coasts.
Rut tier Majesty will waive tbe right of seizing enemy’-
|iro|iertv laden on board a neutral vessel, unless it be con
traband of war.
It Is not her Majesty's intention to claim the confiscation
•f neutral properly not being contraband of war. found on
board enemy’s ships; and her Majesty further declares,
Hint being anxious to lessen as much as possible the evils
of wnr, and to restrict its operations to tlie regularly or-
min I zed forces of the country.it Is not lier present inten-
■
Jed to seizure by her Majesty's cruisers,and lo subsequent
confiscation in tue High Court of Admiralty,
Lord Clarendon conceives that tbe question will turn up
on tbe truo ownership, or the interest, or rUk in. and the
destinaUnn of, the property which may be aelsad or cap
tured ; and that neither the place ol Ita oilgln nor the
manner of Its conveyance to the port from whence It was
shipped, will be decisive, or even, Iu roost cases.of any real
Importance.
8uch property. If shipped at neutral risk, or after It has
become bona fide neutral property, will not be liable to
condemnation, whatever may tie ils destination. If it
should still remain enemy's property, notwithstanding it I*
shipped from a neutral port, and in a neutral ship, It will
ho condemned, whatever may be Its destination. If It be
British property, or shipped at British risk, It will be con*
demned. If It I* proved to be really engaged In a trade with
the enemy, but not otherwise. Tlie place of Its origin will
ho immaterial, and it there hns been a bona fide and com
plete transfer of ownership to a neutral, (a* by purchase
In the neutral.) tho good* will not be liable to condemna
tion. notwithstanding they may have come te that neutral
market from the enemy's country, either overland or by
sea.
!«ord Clnrendon fins, however, to obseive. that circum
stances of reasonable suspicion will Justify capture, al
though release, nnd not condemnation, may follow ; and
Hint ships witli cargoes of Russian ('reduce may not Im
probably lie considered, under certain circumstance*, as
liable to capture, even though not liable to condemnation.
I am, sir, your very obedient servant.
II. U. Addington.
I'ORKiaN Omni, March 25. 1854.
Tlio Pnssngo of tlio Grent Belt by the Baltic
Fleet.
A telegraphic despatch from Nyborg, given in the
Cologne Gazette, states Hint n division of the Eng
lish fleet, numbering eighteen sail, passed the Great
Belt on Saturday morning, tlie 24th ult. A dcBpalOh
front Kiel, dated tho same day nt noon, announces
that six vessels of the fleet were in sight. Sir Charles
Napier had not been received at Copenhagen by tlie
King, but by M. Blulime, Minister for Foreign Af
fairs. It was thought probable Hint tlie Admiral
wonld prefer to station bis fleet in tlie bay of Kjoge,
pour Copenhagen, where there is more room lor tbe
ships, sinl u better anchorage than nt Kiel.
The fleet reached Kiel on the 27tli—all well. It
consisted of twenty-four ships. Other ships of war
bad left Spitlieml to reinforce it, nnd by the middle
of April. Admiral Sir Charles Napier will have near
ly forty ships under tlie British flag in bis command.
The Prussian government has given permission to
sixty Prussian pilots to act ou board tbe Eugliah
squadron.
letters from Christiania, (Norway.) state that two
English officers lately visited a harbor nt the mouth
of the Vcstcreto, near Friedrickstad, nnd ascertained
that thirty ships of the line might safely anchor in
if. The weather in Norway up lo tlie lflth Inst., was
very mild, nnd hopes of an early spring are enter
tained.
In a few days, the Swedish nnd Norwegian troops
ill the island of Gothland will bo increased to 16.000
— an island which, in all proability, will piny an ini-
j„ »i„, npqroacliing contest.
Uno of the despatches from t;openiia K vii, naica
March ‘22, saysThe day before yesterday, Sir
Charles Napier arrived here in tho Valorous steamer.
Captain Buckle. The Danes were excessively pleas
ed with him for taking off his hat on lauding nt tlie
custom house stairs. Sir Charles then paid a visit to
Mr. Buclmunn, our Minister, and with him proceeded
to pay Ids respects to the Danish Minister for For
eign Affairs.
It is said that the King of Denmark refused to see
th* gallant Admiral on a plea of illlieulth, but in re-
aliit/ from an indisposition to njfcnd the. Russian
party, which is rather strong here. Yesterday morn
ing, Sir Charles Napier returned in the Yulorous to
Wtngo Sound, and it is expected tlmt the fleet will
enter tho Baltic to-morrow, und pass the Great Belt
in a day or two.
From tlie T-mi'lnn Gazette, March 28.
Operntlons In (lie Ulnck Sen.
Tlie latest accounts front tlio scat of war in the
East inform 'is that the Russians bad closed both
months of tlie Danube. For years past, however,
tiie Russians Imvc allowed thu Siilina branch oft lie
river—the only one available for shipping und trade—
to be gradually closing up by the natural notion of
the stream itself, and its deposits, instead of keep
ing it uuvigahle, ns tlie Turks were in the habit of
doing, hy occasionally dredging the bed of it. This
neglect shows how necessary it will he for tlie West
ern Powers to avail themselves ol tlie present occa
sion tn dispossess the Russians of the control of this
great European river-an object which must not be
lost sight of in the present hostilities. Wo ought,
kJwever. to look for more from two such fleets und
two siieli rrmies ns England and France have sent,
nnd nre sending, to tlie sent of war. We hope to see
the Russians completely expelled from the Crimea,
and the Black Sea no longer it Russian lake. The
Russians are indebted for the Crimea to ono-of those
fraudulent treaties which it impeded upon tlie Porte,
and it should no longer be left in possession of it.
Sebastopol, front its central position, gives the Rus
sians a complete command of tlie Black Sea, both
on its European and Asiatic side, and they liuvc, with
great judgment, inn do it their chief naval atatiun.
It is to be regretted thut tin* Czar has been allowed
t-o ninny montlis to prepare Ids defence in this quar
ter ; but tliu wnr will liuve been very unprufitably
conducted if that strong naval stutiou be left iu tbe
hands of Russia.
Tho Trieste Zeitung contains a letter of tho 5th,
from Varna, which gives some account of the adven
tures of tlie Yaulmii after its separation from the
Furious. The French vessel went to the entrance of
the port of Sebastopol, where she found, outside, a
ship of the line, a frigate, and a brig. The com
mander, who thought the Russians might proceed to
hostilities, prepared for notion, but the liner and fri
gate entered tlie port, tlie entrance to which was
immediately closed by means of a chain. As tlie
Yrttibnti lay directly under tlio guns of one of the i
forts, her commander resolved, If fired into, to get
away as fast as lie could, hut. if possible, to take the
Russian brig with him. Tlie Furious saw nothing of
the Russians. There are no Russian vessels nt Odes
sa, but strand nnd port batteries nro being construct
ed with all possible expedition.-
Tlw* Grrsb IimuvrMtloi,.
The following is translated from tlie Courrier dc
Marseilles:
Constantinople, March 15,1854.
Tlie Divan lias addressed a note to tlie representa
tives of France nnd England, in terms most energet
ic. relative to tho Greek insurrection, stating that
the Charge d'Affuires of Turkey at the Court of Ath
ens had received instructions to demand from the
Greek government tlie punishment of all the per
sons who hud participaled in insulting the Ottoman
legation, nnd, if necessary, to give their names. And
further to demand of the Greek government to pre
vent, under tlio heaviest penalties, all Greek subjects
front passing tlie frontier and joining tlie rebels, and
requiring those who have already gone over to the in
surgents to return immediately. In the event of tlie
Greek government imt giving immediate BiUislactioii,
tlie Ottoman Charge d’Affaircs will leave Athens im
mediately with the whole of tlie lugatiou.
Tlie Position of Prussia.
[Berlin Cnrri'iqionileiK'e. March ’J6, «,f tlie I/indnn Times.J
The commission appointed hy tlio SecondChuraher
.... 1,1 examine tlio Ministerial proposal of a loan of 30,-
cli.fori OOO.tMM thalers, together with the ways und means
suggested for covering the annual interest accruing
thereon, is constituted iu a very satisfactory tnanntr;
but,if lain rightly informed,Baron von MonteufUl
lias refused to accede to the requirements of the com
mittee, tlmt lie shall pledge himself us to the future
policy of the Prussian Cabinet. The fears and ap
prehensions of these gentlemen lend them to seek for
security that Prussia shall not bo involved in a Rus
sian alliance, lor nn alliance witli Russia at tlie pres
ent tiino would be tlie signal for disturbances all over
tlie kingdom, the extent and issue of which it is im
possible to foresee. Alliance with Russia is civil war.
more or less remotely. On tlie other band, an al
liance with tlie Western Powers is foreign war, more
or less remotely .for even if Prussia does not bind
herself by treaty to take an active part in tlie con
flict, Russia would immediately compel her to take
one side, and that, too, tlie part of self defence. Be
tween these two horns of the political dilemma there
is nothing left but neutrality, frank, firm, and ready
at every moment to repel every attempt at its viola
tion; there seems now to be a fair chance of such a
neutrality coming to pass, with the assistance of
Austria and the rest of the Bund.
The result of the negotiation now being carried on
at Vienna by Lieutenant Colonel von Manteullel,
will be of considerable weight in settling tlie decis
ion of the committee. For tho Minister President
to give any pledge for the future policy of Prussia in
this matter, for the purpose of procuring the suf
frages of tlie committee in favor of the Ministerial
nian of a loan, would be a species of political dis-
The agronnU of the JOth nit. f rom
sent matters on perfectly tranquil then - gp0
Advice* from Foo-cliow-foii are re n
uarv. Near te Uong-wa-loo, shout f^ 111 of Ji
tent, the rebels were said to lie infon/jR? 11 '* d|
a fort and a small town near that t ,’ty
hod surrounded. The Lieutenant r, , ,licl ' "t
province who had lately returned to of Hi
portM that lie had quelled the (Jhturb«ncra , ‘” , ' r ®
A I! was quiet at Amoy, and more
vailing. Markets were not opened sin, den . cc P rt
dnys, but prospects of a renewed trade !** “ o|
Ing. aue prunb
At Canton the city nnd neighborhood .... I
fcctiy quiet, and there is no talk of disn.rV 1 " H
There lias not been much doing in JiL,,,?, ril, »
is every Indication of market* open In® , l ,\ bull,, ‘ r '|
rates. Considerable settlements 0 f
made at full rates for Congou, and dearer r ***'
description* of green, which latter have cdlT '° TD '
slowly. ¥ *c°rae fortran
At Shanghae the market for imports h.,i „ .
cd since the ludjilays. * n, t °P«n
In harbor at Whampoa, United States steam.
At Shanghae, United States sloop I’lyu.ol i. y ' lten
NimnCATION TO AMKHI! av/
I’NmUl NTAU4 Owi Urr *
HMiffUllAK, Jai, l
Tlie undersigns'! has to communicate t„ q , , ’ 1
citizens resident nt Bhanghao. that he ha. :7 :w ’c»i
tlon* from His Excellency, the Commissioner > t.. in , ,l,uc
Hlstes to China, to deliver up the papers of a, . r,l: "
■<!• on their leaving |sirt. without requlrinr til, ! ft
oi the Chinese Custom House clearauce. a. lor .
under other foreign Hags are allowed bv then'i, 1 "
ter and leave port without reporting and tiavu>T.i
the Custom Rouse, as is at prerent the case. '
The moment thej'imtoni House regulations are
upon all foreign vessels, a return to them will t 1
ujxin the part of those under the American II.»
Tills step I* founded upon the right toclaim e.errarf,
tsge enjoyed hy tbe most favored nation. " y , ,.* 8 ’
ted States Citizens by article II of Hie American rel,? .
China. EDWARD
V, "“' v " I.S.A.
Tu American merchants resident tttShau K )._
Interesting front Untnvln.
The Dutch rnnil steamer from Java arrived at c;,
gnporc on the 31st of Junuary, by which ii|.-,
Vouranl, Me and Ooiiml Iu tl.o 251I10I
were received. " ■
Further accounts hud been received of the di«-oro I
ry of coal in thu western division of Borneo,
Accounts from Banda notice theoccurrenatlwM
on the 1st, 14th and 19th, or light shock* ol tu’Z
quake.
Tlie Bode says:—On tlie 25 th November the
can war transport ship Lexington. J. j. (" It "
commander, arrived in tlie mads ofMci.id, "’
vessel, coming from New York and bound hi ‘‘f
hud provisions on board for the North A meritin'
squadron in the Chiuu-Japan waters. L-i'lc-.. s-miu
from the Government of the United states Y,; tue
Emperor of Japan, among which was a | >,f te
nnd other railway necessaries. At ifflKta twotaan*
dred miles distance from Menndo the L-xingum frii
with a strong pirate fleet Tlie invitati». t., .bow
n ling remaining unanswered,this request wi
ted in the shape of two shots being fired „t t ,!*'
upon which tlie pirates, by dint or rowing righti-aimt
• lie wind, disappeared. After taking in eq n „. . iro -i
ions, water and wood, this vessel sailed on the nteht
of tlie 26tli from tlio roads of Menado, and „t«rei i
for Macao.
Australia.
The Advices from Sydney are to to tlie 25th of J M .
nary, und from Melbourne to the 30th ot the -am©
month.
There is no intelligence of interest from the d'a
fields either of New South Wales or Viifor.a. Tli*
experiments te test the value of tlie ondlM.
toms "by deep sinking, bud produced no result u
is stated the trials bad been made on any proper -\ y
tent. r 1
The value of gold exported from Victoria durinr
the year 1853 wns about £14,000.000sterling; fro®
New South Wales f6.000.ftOO, part of which, it »r.
supposed, lmd been received from Victoria. Tie
yield or tlie New South Wales fields had been fo
some months decreasing.
Bnsiuess nt Sydney was dull on the loth «r Janat
ry, the market being overstocked by recent atieu-
rivals, particularly of soft goods, wines and brandies.
Tlie accounts ol the harvest from most ol loedij.
triets of tlie colony were favorable. The witter
lmd been uuusuully rainy for tlie season and be cli
mate.
The works of the Railroad from Sydney to Put
mnttu were progressing rapidly.
The gross revenue of the province of New Soath
Wales for 1868, was £008/176 10a 2d.
The question of railway cominunicatioi tlmvjjb
out the colony wns exciting more attenthn in
ney than it has ever done before. A plan fur a sen
trunk line from Sydney to Melbourne had
cussed, but bad not been submitted to the public u
any distinct form.
The intelligence from the northern gold-fields »u
more favorable. Tlie diggers were returning tus rk
after the Christmas hniiduys, and the escort rttsu
showed n slight increase. A rieli gold quartz i t
hud been discovered at Tatnbaroora, in New j- ,;h
Wales.
BY TDK AMERICA.
Halifax, April 14,1351
Tlie royal mail steamship America, (’upt.ljjj,
arrived nt tills port at an early hour this morszf,
bringing Liverpool dates of the 1st inst.
The Cunurd screw steamer Tcueriffe sailed fra
Liverpool on tlie ImIi for Malta ; ami the Caml-a.
from Kingston, sailed ou tbesatno day, both witk
troops.
Tlio 5th Regiment of Dragoon Guards were dally
expected to embark at Liverpool.
Tire War.
l'LAN OF OPERATIONS AGREED UPON BY TIIE ALLIED
POWERS.
The war is to bo in strict accordance with a treat;
between the I’orte, France, and England, signedm
the night of March the 12th, embracing live article:
1st. Englandjuid France enirngc to support Turkey by
force of arms until Hie conclusion of n pence tlmt slisilw-
cure Hie iudvpendtinco and integrity of tlie Nulla n't <o.
tion toissuo letters of marque for the commissioning of nonesty which none who know him will expect him
privateer*. 1 *~
WcrnnttSTER, March 28. 1
74.
Tlie Dec In rut Ion of Wnr by Frnnce.
The subjoined telegraphic despatches from Paris
thus announces that a simultaneous declaration of a
iinilur purport to tho above lmd also been made to
the legislative Assembly by the French Emperor :
I’akih. March 27. 1854.
Minister ol State rend to-day to tnc Corps fogmiatill
in tlio naino of tlm Emperor, a message announcing tlmt
e final resolve of the Cnbinotof8t. I’etersburghns placed
i«!.ia in n state of war as tegar»W France. The Emperor
so declares that the whole responsibility of this rupture
-.ts on tlie ltuasinti Government.
Tlie message was received with energetic expressions ol
adhesion by the whole legislative) body.
M. RillauR. the President, then went on to say that Hie
nperoi relied on the support of Hie legislative imdy, ns
that oi all France, under this grave aspect ol
te coudecceud to.
3d. The allies shall evacuate the Turkish territories after
tlie wnr.
4th. This treaty to remnin open for the adhesion ofoite
Powers of Europe.
6th. Turkey guarantees to all tho subjects of the Pori*, i
without distinction of creed, perfect equality in l»w.
Several protocols are attached, regulating thede-
tails.
Meanwhile tho enmpnign hns begun in earnest,
it Is confirmed tlmt tlie Russians liuve crossed Ibe
Danube in great force, tho object being to strike!
decisive blow before tlio arrival of the Angio-Fitr b
force. On tlie 23d of March tlie Russian deta. hir-tt
under Prince Gortsehakoff forced the passage of tv
Danube above Tulsku.and captured 1! gun.*, mid id
prisoners, und occupied Ttilsltu, together with several
forls nn the right Dank.
Gen. Luders crossed with the main body of tbs
army from Gnlatzu without much loss. Nut Jet"Hun
50,000 Russians are now on the Turkish side of the
Danube.
Ou the 24th Gen. Luders began preparation! fa
the siege or MftUcltin. Ou the 23d the ilu**iiw ri
te tn pled to cross the Danube at Oltcnitzn,
desperate battle ensued, and the Russians wtrtre
pulsed, with dreadful carnage. Tho Russian!*!
3000 men. uud the Turks themselves were so badly
cut up tlmt they hud to retire to their entrench
ments.
It will be seen, however, tlmt the Russians bare ef
fected tlie passage nt three points.
On the very day, the 2'2d, when tlie Russians com
menced to cross the Danube, Omer lmd intended u
attack tlie Russian headquarters at Pojuna. Aplu
of the battle was drawn up, and the entire force psl
under command of the French Colonel Drew; Ut
the Russian movement disconcerted tlie plan.
A dispatch from Omer Pacha, dated thc5tM»i‘
" The Russians have lost all desire of attacking Kzk-
fat. uud purpose crossing tlie Danube nt three poiot*.
If they should really do ho they would render aw*
great service, liy enabling mo to give a muhiiI ch**-
tisemeiit te these barbarians, who have broken inti
our house like robbers ; Imt ilAhe Russian*do noire
sumo tlie offensive, I shall undertake nothing impr
taut until the arrival of our reserves and cavalry fn®
above."
It seems that Omer in prepared. He has IO.(Krt
men in the light wing, with" a line of works conned-
ing with SilUtrm unit Sliumln.
The British steamer Samson reports, by telegraph,
tlmt tlie Russians were abandoning their posts on tb*
east coast ot the Black Sea.
Sonclium Kale was in Haines, and tlio Circassian*
plundering It.
Tlie Furious, steamer, was sent to gather furrber
information.
This is luter than the explanation given in the ** n ‘
ish Parliament.
The allied fleets remained at Beycos. .
There were rumors, (not credited, however,)«
Turkish preparations to uttaek Sebastopol.
The British frigate Retribution found the Sulu*
mouth uf the D.tnulieiinpnssalde. .
««•••» ■*» 1-1 accounts (the 2'Jtli of
re not yet i was again under way. the supposed iiu..tiustiuti l«i n *
rpondenz, in lo seize the island ol Aland. Kiogo hay is nai|>«d
> ffaii
This intimation was nl*o received with loud cheers, nnd
the Assembly broko up with shouts of -Vive l'Kinpereiir !'"
A similar communication wa* also mndo to tho Senate,
where It was received with tbe same cnHnisiasin.
The Minister of Commerce has just informed the various
Chamber* of Cimmercc throughout France that letters ol
inaroiio will not bo granted to American vessels, and that
the Federal Government had declared to the French Minis
ter that act* so contrary to Hu* rights of nations would not
be tolerated in the territory of tho Union.
The Monileur, of March 28lh, contains tlie follow
ing Declaration:
Article 1. Six weeks from tho presont date nro granted to
Russian a! ip* of commerce to quit tlie ports of Franco.—
Those Russian ships which are not actually in our |>orts.
or which tuay have left the ports of Russia previously to
the declaration of wnr. may enter into tho French ports
and remain there for tlio completion of their cargoes until
tlio wth of May. inclusive.
Mrticlo 2. those vessel* which shall be captured bv
French cruiser*, nftcr having left tlio Russian ports, shall
he released if they can establish, by tlie ship’s papers,
tlmt they were proceeding direct to the place of deatina- ;
tion, and had not yet arrived there.
Droctn Dk L’Hcrs.
Paris, March 27, 1864.
Tho Monileur also declares that tho subjects of
Russia may continue their residence in France, tin
der tlie protection which the law provides for foreign
ers, tho only condition being that they respect those
laws.
Tlie Bights of Neutrals.
RUSSIAN PRODUCE IN NEUTRAL HRirS.
The following reply, from Lord Clarendon, has this
day been received at tho Baltic Coffee House, by the
deputation of Russia merchanto which wuited upon
ilia lordBhip, on tlio subject of Russian produce in
neutral ships, on tho 20th inst.:
Sisl am directed by tbe Earl of Clarendon to state to
you that since bis lordship had the pleasure of seeing, on
the 20th instant, the deputation of merohsou connected
with tho trade with Russia, bis lordship has further consid
ered the questions put to him by the deputation, whethor
Italy,
Tho Tunis correspondent of tlio l/tndon Times,
writing on March 22(1, says:—It would seem that a
conviction of tlie uncertain tenure by wbicli tier Ital
ian possessions are held has, for some time, been
pressing itself on the government of Austria, and
that schemes have even been discussed as to the least
unpalatable way of disposing of them in case the
government at Vienna should no longer be ublu to
maiiifiiin it* immediate rule. A compromise of such
it nature lift* been spoken of. which, while saving
Austria from the humiliuliou of appearing to yield to
a weaker though a growing rivul, and preBorving to
lier much indirect influence in the Northern prov
inces, might satisfy the constitutionalists and tlie de
mand for Italian independence. Hilt whatever con
ciliatory measures the Vienna government muy have
instore for Italy, when called lor by necessity, its
act* up to the present towards the neighboring King
dom of Piedmont have been anything but friendly.
China.
Onr dates from China are—Hong Kong, Feb. 11 ;
Amoy, Feb.4: and Shanghae, Fell. 4. The Hong
Kong correspondent of the London Times, writing
of
Austria anti Prussia.
Tlie draught of a treaty between Austria and Prtts-
siu was sent te Berlin on the 23d ult., and this morn
ing Baron Hess has left for Bcriiti. Tlie ostensible
objeclof this treaty is the maintenance of tlie neu
trality of tlie two States, and of Germany ; but, in
fact, tin* tn—tj* is »l<« instriimm.* of *ir...nir. ,.„.i
defensive alliance. The terms, bowevc
definitely settled, but tlio Austrian Cor. ...
reference to this subject, says thut there is no reason I a rendezvous. ^ ......... . „ ,,t.
to doubt that a closer alliance, and a more perfect! Lord Bloomfield, the British Minister nt Berfio. ,
understanding, will be the result of the iuturcoinimi'! egntplmd to Sir Charles Napier the declaratii
mention or the two Cabinets. war, with instructions to commence hostilities.
The Russians were making stern preparation 8101
hostilities in the Baltic.
ft tvaa supposed that the first collision would occur
nt Vend bland. .
All the lighthouses and buoys are removed, w®
formidable fleets of gun-boats are collected in tdialte"
waters at tlie principal points. . .
Masses of rocks are dragged along the ice to intri
cate parts ol thu channel, to block it when tbe hi!
shall melt.
All the houses in C'ronstadt not capable of defence
are pulled down.
Now batteries were erecting everywhere. n»«
hundred additional gunhouls had been ordered » orcn '
I w '^ 1, i
I The Czar and his sons were personally superintend-
’ ng the preparations. .,
Discontent prevailed in Fihlaud against the
Blans, ami some arrests had been made. _.
The accounts from Greece are unfavorable, i
Turkish Minister lmd demanded hi* passport*u» u
left Athens.
Tho Greek Insurrection wns reviving, but the Tir»*
bold tho fortress, and have 8,000 troops ioEpiru’
Fifteen thousand French troops lmd alremiJ-".
, . writing barked, and the remainder of tt«a army,
on Feb. 11. says :—Tho steamer with tho 24th of De- will he in Turkey by the 1st of May- four tutu—
cember mail, is still out. were landed at Gallipoli on tw2Mn ult.
Our dates from ShangliAC are received by the French I It was reported that tho British land force
steamer Colbert, on board which vessel tho French I be increased 30,000 more. . ^
Minister, M. Bourbilon. was passenger. Negotiations* The first division of fho cxpcditionart M t i.
for tlie surrender of .Shanghae, it appears, bad been j being rapidly forwaiued from Malta ti
renewed, but with no result, and no attempt was nople. »n«ntoM»f
made by the imperialists to surprise the rebels, but I i ho English cavalry rogitnontl wore g
it wns quite unsuccessful, nnd their post tion continues , Bellies,une thorn* ny steam touatiip • Drin-
ranch the same, though tl.eir numbers are reduced in Tbe Bultankas betrothed hw da ughtor^ jej d
the city, and they appear straitened for supplies. cc>* Munirch, to llliumi, eldest sou of
Egypt-
_ :lty, and they appear straitened forsupplio-
The I’ekln Gazette come down to tho 22d sDeccm-
her, but littlo can be gleaued front it- There Is no
thing from Nankin.
It Inw been given out that the insurgents wore
short of reinforcements and provisions. Erom all
protnilS^tand^rade'contfouM'^bo'dlaturbed. and j port, coupled-with a rise In consol*, caused a r
very probably to a greater extent than In | per cento cloaed at 62 60. acd^r tb.
Latest toy Mali. ,,
1-auis. Maroiro.lg*;.
It is reported that Austria is more inclined
proach tbe policy of tho Western Po*w*j .^‘7 **