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a A ‘ ;■, ’ r'n -: BY C. R. HANLEITER. M£©©sll3l®jmy,> PUBLISHED EVERY K IItI! A Y MORNING AT the very low price op two hollars ANI> FIFTY CENTS PER ANNUM—ONE DOL LAR AND FIFTY CENTS FOR SIX MONTHS ALWAYS IN ADVANCE. MADISON, CEO : Saturday Night, December 9, 1843. J'OR PRESIEIBL IHI E IKI & Y ©LA Y 0 “ The Farther if Ashland”—the American Pulriot, Statesman and Orator. TOK CCSSFI3S, GEN. DUNCAN L. CLINCH. [J Election on the first Monday in January. J OIiGANIZAT.OX CF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS FIIIST SESSION. We me indebted lo tlie kind altenlion ol our worthy Representative, lion. A. 11.(’Imp pell, for a copy of ihe acting President’s Mes sage to Congress, delivered on Tuesday last. Much interest having been excited in ihe pub lic, mind in regard lo this Message, by the ru mors which liavc been circulated through ihe [press, we have thonghl propel to lay it entire before our readers in an extra. In this man mcr we shall endeavor to give our readers the -earliest possible information of the mote im portant political events that ntay transpire aiming the session. Tlie “National Intelligencer,” of the sth iinstnnt, gives us the details of the orgnniza ni m of both Houses of Congress, from which -wc glean the most impoitnnt items. A quo ■rum o( both Houses leing present, t!e Senate was quietly organized without debate. In :the House, 189 members nnswered to the call .of the roll ; after which, a debate sprung op tin reference lo the admission of those na in ’ hers who had not been elected in conformity ■ to the apportionment taw, and a Protest was submitted by Mr.Bnrnard.of New-York, sign •cd by fifty members of the House, against permitting the Representatives from Nevv- Har.ipshire. Georgia, Mississippi and Missou ri to vote for Speaker. T lie Protest was re jected by a vote of 124 to 69, and the House proceeded to the election ol Speaker. Upon the first ballot, Mr. John W. Jones, of Virgin ia, (V.B. Der.i..) received 128 and Mr. John White, of Kentucky, (Whig,) 59 voles. Mr. Jones was conducted to the Cnair by Messrs. Coles oI Virginia, nod Adams of Mas sachusetts, and Mr. Dixon It. Lewis,ol Ala bama, administered to the Speaker elect the usual oath of office. After a brief and rip propriate Address to the House, the Speaker proceeded to qualify the members it) the or der of the Stales. Mr. Dromgoole moved to adopt the Rules .and Orders of the last session, when, us a matter of course, Mr. Adams moved to amend bv excepting the famous twenty-third Rule, j ‘against the reception of Abolition Petitions. Mr. Duncan moved to except the thirty-first Rule of the last Congress, limiting speakers in debate to one hour. After considerable debate and parliament, ary mnnCßiiveiiug the vote was taken, which resulted in retaining the tliiriv-fiist Rule. The question then came up on Mr. Adams’ motion to except tlie twenty-third Rule, which was rejected by a small majority. Considerable debate ensued upon the res trictions of the freedom o( speech, which, it is contended,have crept into the code of Rules for the government of the House, in which Messrs. Wise, Adams, Ingersoll. Cave John son and Rlictt bore a principal part. Other important amendments to the Rules, having for their object the removal of these obstacles, were moved by Mr. Wise and adopted. But, finally, on motion of that gentleman, the mo tion of Mr. Dromgoole was so amended us to adopt Ihe Rules of the last session until the report of a Committee of nine on the subject of a revision of Rules be adopted. The House appointed 12 o’clock, M., as the hour for meeting for the present. That he might not be superceded by some .one equally ambitious of dividing with Mr. Bentoo, the great Expunger, the fame of ab- ject servility to the will of “ the greatest and best, ’ Mr. Charles J. Ingersoll gave notice— on this first day of the session—that he would nt ns early a day ns possible, ask leave to in traduce a bill for the benefit of General An drew Jackson. The House adjourned at a late hour. ■ J tt?“ VVe regret to learn that Mr. Stephens ! has, sinre his arrival at Washington City, been confined to his room by severe indispo | wit ion. The “ Intelligencer” says—“liisdis i Pilsp has, however, now begun to yield to mid ! icn ’ treatment, and his friends confidently hope that lie will in a few days be at his post in the House of Representatives.” Thousands of I.is fellow-citizens of Georgia will await, wMi intense interest, the news of his conva i lescenco. Who’ll hear the Ashland Banner?— I At it recent meeting in Wheeling, Virginia, j tlie Chairman of the Clay Club of that city i announced the names of three hundred and fifty dtlegates to the Young Men’s Convention of Ratification, to be held in Baltimore in May next. That same old Coon is awake in the ; West. Don't vou hear him, Whigs of Geor | gia ? ‘ {£?=■ The Tennessee Democratic State Con vention, held at Nashville, on the 23d ultimo, nominated James K. Polk for Vice-President, and pledged themselves to ‘'go the. whole hog” that the National Convention ntay designate. P MESSAGE. To the Seriate and House f Representatives of the U. S. If any people ever had cause to render up thanks to the Supreme Being, for paren tal rare and protection extended to them in all the trials and difficulties to which they have been from time to time exposed, we certainly ore that People. From the first settlement of our forefathers on this conti nent—through the dangers attendant upon the occupation of a savage wilderness— through a long period of Colonial depend —through the war of the Revolution—in the wisdom which led to the adoption of the existing Republican forms of Government —in the hazards incident to a war suhse qnonlly waged with one of the most pow erful nations of the eaitli—in the increase of our population—in the spread of the arts and sciences, ami in the sticnglh and durability conferred on political institutions emanating from People and sustained !>y their will—the superintendence of an overruling Providence has been plainly visi ble. As preparatory, therefore, to enter ing once more upon the high duties of legis lation, it becomes tishnmbly to acknowledge our dependence upon Him as our guide and protectoi, and to implore continuance of His parental watchfulness over our beloved country. Wc have new cause for tlie ‘ex pression of our gratitude in the preserva tion of the health of our fellow-citizens, with some partial and local exceptions, du ring the [>ast season—fin the abundance with which the earth has yielded up its fruits to the labors of the husbandman—for jlie renewed activity which lias been im parted to commerce—for the revival of trade in all its departments—for the increas ed rewards attendant on the exercise of the mechanic arts—for the continued growth of our population and the rapidly reviving prosperity of the whole country. I shall he permitted to exchange congratulations with you, gentlemen of the two Houses of Congress, on these auspicious circumstan ces, mol to assure you, in advance of my ready disposition to concur with you in the adoption of all such measures as shall he calculated to increase the happiness of our constituents and to advance the gloty of our common country. Since the last adjournment of Congress, the Executive has relaxed ito effort to ren der indestructible the relations of amity w'hieli so happily exist between the United States and other countries. The treaty lately concluded with Great Biitain lias tended gieaily lo increase the good under standing which a reciprocity of interest is calculated to encourage, and, it is most ar dently to he hoped that nothing may trans piie to interrupt the relations of amity which it is so obviously the policy of both nations to cultivate. A question of mrcli importance still re mains to be adjusted between them. The territorial limits of the two countries in re lation to wlmt is commonly known as the Oregon territory still remain in dispute.— The United States would be at all times in disposed to aggrandize themselves at the expense of any other nation; hut while they would he restrained by principles of honor, which should govern the conduct of nations as well as that of individuals, from setting up a demand for territory which does not belong to them, they would as un willingly consent to a surrender of their lights. After the most rigid, and os far as practicable, unbiassed examination of the subject, the United States have always con tended that their t ights appertain to the en tire region of countiy lying on the Pacific, and embraced within the forty-second and MADISON, MORGAN COUNTY, GEORGIA, SATURDAY NIGHT, DECEMBER 9, 1843. fifty fourth 40’ of North latitude. The claim being controverted by Great Biitain, those who have proceeded the preset.t Ex ecutive, actuated, no doubt, by an earnest desire to adjust the matter upon terms mu tually satisfactory to both count lie*, lave caused to he submitted to the British Gov ernment, [impositions for settlement ami final adjustment, which, however, have not proved heretofore acceptable to it. Our Minister at London has, under instructions, again brought the subject to the considera tion ot that Government, and while- nolli inp will he done, to compiom ! tlie sight-, n honor of the United States, every proper expedient will re resorted to ‘n older to tiling the negotiation now in brogress of re sumption to a speedy atiu happy teimina tion. In the meantime it is proper to re maik, that many of our ciiizens are either already established in the tenitorv, or are on their way thither for the purpose uffnt til ing peimanent settlements, while others are piepai ing to follow—and in view of these facts, 1 must repeat the recommendation contained in previous messages, for the es- I tahlislmient of military posts, at such places, on the line of tiavel, as will furnish security ami protection to our hardy acventureis against hostile tribes ol Indians inhabiting those extensive regions. Our laws should also follow them, so modified as the circum stances of the case may seem to requite. Under the influence of onr free system of government, new republics are destined to spring up, at no distant day, on the shores of the Pacific, similar in policy and in feeling to those existing on this side of the Rocky Mountains, and giving a wider and mote ex tensive spread to the principles of civil and religious liberty. 1 am happy to inform you that the cases which have arisen, from time to time, of ! the detention of American vessels by Brit j i>h cruisers on the coast of Africa, under ! pretence of being engaged in the slave ! trade, have been placed in a fair train of ad i justmeiit. In the case of William & Fran i cis, full satisfaction will be allowed. j In the cases of the Tygris and Seaniew, the British Government admits that satisfaction is due. In the case of the Jones, the sum accruing from the sale of that vessel and cargo will he paid to the owners—while 1 cannot hut flatlet myself that full indemni fication will he allowed for all damages sus tained by the detc nth nos the vessel —and in the case of the Douglass, her Majesty’s Government has expressed its dcteiniiua lion to make indemnification. Sitting hopes are tlu icfbre entertained, that most, if not all of these cases will he speedily adjusted. No new cases have aiinert since the ratifi cation of the Treaty of Washington; and it is confidently anticipated, that the slave trade, under the operation of the eighth nr- L ti-'lc l of tl ;.T tr-THy, wifi le altogether sii|> pressed. The occasional interruption experienced by our fellow-citizens engaged in the fishe ries on tlie neighboring coast of Novia Sco ; tia, has not failed to claim the attention of the Executive. Representations upon this | subject have been made, but as yet no dt fi ! nitive answer to those representations has i been received from the British Government. Two other subjects of comparatively mi nor importance, but nevertheless of too ! much consequence to be neglected, remain still to he adjusted between the two coun tries. By the Treaty between the United Nates and Gieat Britain, if July ISIS, it is provided that no higher duties shall he lev ied in either country on articles imported from the other, than on the same articles im- I potted from any other place. In 1836, rough i ice, by act of Parliament, was ad mitted from the coast of Africa into Great Britain on the payment of a duty of one pen ny a quarter, while the same article front all other countries, including the United Slstes, was subjected to the payment of a duty of twenty shillings a quarter. Our Minister nt London has from time to time hi ought this subject to the consideration of the Biitish Government, hut so far without success He is instructed to ienuw his tepresentations upon it. Some years since n claim was prefetied against the British Government on ihe pail of eeitain American merchant*, for the ie turn of export duties paid by them on ship ments of woollen goods to the United .States, after the rlntv on similar ait ides exported to other countries bail been repealed, and consequently in contravention of the com mercial convention between the two na tions seeming to us equality in such cases. The principle on which the claim rests has long since been virtually admitted by Great Biitain, hut obstacle* to a settlement have from time to time been interposed, so that a large portion of the amount claimed lias not yet been refunded. Our Minister is now engaged in the prosecution of the claim, and I cannot put persuade myself that the Brit ish Government will no longer delay its ad justment. I am happy to be able to say that nothing has occurred to disturb in any degree the re lation of amity which exist between the United States and France, Austria and Rus ia, as well as with the other Powers of Eu rope, since the adjournment of Congress.— Spain has been agitated with internal con vulsions for many years, from the effects of which it is to bo hoped she is destined spee dily to rocover—when under a more liberal system of commercial policy <>n her part, our trade with her may again fill it old and s ofar as her commercial possessions are concerned, its almost forsaken channels, thereby adding to the mutual prosperity of the two countries. The Germanic Association of Customs and Commerce, w hich, since its establish ment, in 1833, has been steadily growing in power and importance, and consists at this time of more than twenty German States and embraces a population of 27,000,000 of people united for all the purposes cifcom mercial into course with each other and with foreign states, offers to the latter the most valuable exchances on prin ciples more libetal than are offered in the fiscal system of any other European power. From its origin, the importance of ilia German Union has never been lost sight of by the United Stales. The industry, morality and other valuable qualities of the German nation, have always been well known and appreciated. On this sub ject I invite the attention of Congress to the report of the Secietaiy of State from which it will be seen that while our cotton is admit ted ftee of duty, and the duty on rice has been much reduced, which lias alrea dy led to a greatly increased consump tion, a strong disposition has been recently evinced by that great body to reduce, upon certain conditions, their present duly upon tobacco. This being the first intimation of a concession on this interesting subject ever made by any European power, I cannot but regard it as well calculated to remove the only impediment which has so far existed to the most liberal commercial intercourse between us and them. In this view, our Minister at Beilin, who has heretofore ir.- dustiiously pursued tlie subject, has been instructed to enter upon the negotiation of a commercial treaty, which, while it will open new advantages to the agricultuial in terests of the United States, and a more free and expanded field for commetcial op erations, will affect injuiiously no existing interest of the Union. Should the negotia tion be crowned with success, its tesults will be communicated to both Houses of Cong i ess. I communicate herewith certain despatch es received from our Minister, and also a correspondence which has recently occurred hetwi en the Envoy from that Republic and the Secretary of State. It must he regatd ed as not a little extraordinaty that the Gov ernment nf Mexico, in anticipation of a public, discussion, which it has been pleas ed ro infer from newspaper publications, as likely to take place in Congress, relating to the annexation of Texas to the United States, should have so far anticipated the result of sm li discussion as to have an nounced its deter initiation to visit any sueh anticipated decision by a formal declaration of war against the United States. If de signed to prevent Congress from intioduc ing that question, as a fit subject for its calm deliberation and final judgment the Execu tive lias no reason to doubt that it will en tirely fail of its object. The Representa tives of a brave and patriotic people will suffer no appiehensioti of future conse quences to embarrass them in the comse of their ptoposed delihetaliens. Nor will the Executive Department of the Government fail, for any such cause, to discharge its whole duty to the country. The war which lias existed for so long a time bet wean Mexico and Texas has, since the battle of .San Jacinto, consisted for the most part of predatory incursions, which, while they have been attended with much of suffering lo individuals, and have kept the holders of the two countries in a state of constant alarm, have failed to approach to any definitive result. Mexico has fitted out no foimndahle armament by land or by sea for the subjugation of Texas. Eight years have now elapsed since Texas declared her independence of Mexico, and during that lime she has been recognized as a sovereign fiower by several of the principal civilized states. Mexico, nevertheless, perseveres in her [ilnna of leeunqnest, and refuses to recognise her independence. The preda tory incursions to which I have alluded, have been attended, in one instance, with the breaking up of the courts of justice by the seizing upon the persons of the judges, jury and officers of the court, and dragging them along with unarmed, and therefore noii-comhiilanr citizens into a cruel and op pressive bondage, thus leaving crime to go unpunished and immorality to pass unre ptoved. A border warfare is evermore to he deprecated, and over such a war as has existed for so many yesis between these two States, humanity has had great cause to lament. Nor is such a condition of things to he deplored only because of the individ ual suffering attendant upon it. The effects are far more extensive. The Creator of the Universe has given man the Earth for his resting place, and its fruits for his subsis tence. Whatever, therefore, shall make the first or any pait of it a scene of desola tion, affects injuriously his heritage, and may he regarded as a general calamity. Wars may sometimes he necessary; hut all na tions have a common interest in bringing them speedily to a close. The United States liuve an immediate interest in seeing an end put to the state of hostilities existing between Mexico and Texas. They are our neighliora, of the same continent, with whom we are not only desirous of cultiva ting the relations of amity, nut of the most extended commercial intercourse, and to practice all the rights of a neighborhood 1 hospitality. Our own interests are deeply involved in the matter, since, however neu tral may be our course of policy, we con j not hope to escape the effects of a spirit of jealousy on the part of With of the powers. Nor can this Government lie indiffeieut to the fact, that a warfare such as is waged j between thofc two nations, is calculated to weaken both [lowers, and finally to render them, and especially the weaker of the ttvo, the Bubjc cts of interference on the pnrt of stronger and more powerful nations which, intent only on advancing their own peculiar views, may sooner or later attempt to bring alxiut a compliance with terms, us the con dition of their interposition, alike derogato ry to the nation granting them and detri mental to the interests of the United States. Wc could not he expected quietly to permit any such interference to our disadvantage. Considering that Texas is separated from the United States by a mere geogiaphieal line, that her territory, in the opinion of many, foirned a portion of tlie territory of the United States, that it is homogeneous in its population and pursuits with the adjoin ing States, makes contributions to the com merce of the world in the same articles with them, and that most of her inhabitants have been citizens of the United Stales, speak the same language and live under similar political institutions with ourselves, this Government is bound by< very consideration of interest as well as of sympathy, to see that she shall be left free to act, especially in regard to her domestic affairs, unawed by force, and unrestrained by the policy or views of other countries. In full view of all these considi rations, the Executive has not hesitated to express to the Government of Mexico how deeply it depre cated a continuance of (he war, aud how anx iously it desired to witness its termination I runout hut think it becomes the U. States, as the o'drst of the Ameiican Republics, lo hold a language to Mexico upon this subject of an unambiguous character. It is time that this war had ceased. There must be a limit to all wars ; and if the parent Stale, after an eight years’ struggle, has failed to reduce to submission a portion of itssuLjicts standing out in revolt against it, and who have not only proclaimed themselves to he indepen dent, hut have been recognized os such by other powers, she ought not to expect that other nations will quietly look on,to their ob vious injury, upon a protraction of hostilities. These United States threw’ off their colonial dependence, and established independent gov ermnents; and Gnat Britain, after having wasted her energies in the attempt to subdue them fora less period than Mtxice has at tempted to subjugate Texas lad the wisdom and justice to acknowledge llicir indepen dence, thereby recognising the obligation which rested on tier as one of the family of nations. An example thus set by one of the proudest as well as most powerful nations of the earth, it could in no way disparage Mex ico to imitate. While, therefore, tlie Execu live w ould deplore any collision with Mexico, or any disturbance of the friendly relations which exist between tlie two countries, it ennnot permit that Government to control its policy, whatever it may be, towards Texas; hut w ill treat her ns by tlie recognition of her independence the United States have long since declared they would do, as entirely in dependent of Mexico. The high obligations of public duty tnay enforce fmm the constitu ted authorities of tlie United States a policy which the course persevcied in by Mexico will have mainly contributed to produce; and the Executive, in such a contingency, will with confidence throw itself upon the pntiiot ism of the People to sustain the Got ernment in its course of action. Measures of an unusual character have recently been adopted by the Mexican Gov ernment calculated in no small degree to affect the trade of nthet nations with Mexi co, and to operate injuriously to the United Slates. AM foteigneiw by a decree of the 23d day of September, and after six months from the day of its promulgation, are for bidden to carry on tlie business of selling by retail any goods within the confines of Mexico. Against this decree our Minister has not failed to remonstrate. The trade heretofore carried on by our citizens with Santa Fe, in which much cap ital was already invested, and which was becoming of daily increasing impro lance, has suddenly been artested by a decree of virtual prohibition on the pait of the Mexi can Government. YVhetevei may be the r ight of Mexico to prohibit any particular course of trade, to the citizens or subjects of foreign powers, thii late procedure, to say the least of it, wears a harsh and nn fiiendly as[ecf. The instillments on the claims recently settled by theConventiou with Mexico have been punctually jiaid as they have fallen due, and our Minister is engaged in urging the establishment of anew commission in pursuance of the Convention of the settle ment of unadjusted claims. With the other A met icon States our re lations of amity and good will have remain ed uninterrupted. Our Minister near the Republic of New Grenada has succeeded in effecting an adjustment of the claim up on that Government for the schooner “ By Chance,” which bad been pending for many years. The claim for the brig “ Morris,” which had its origin during the existence of the Republic of Columbia, and indemnifi cation for w'hich, since the dissolution ol W. T. THOMPSON, EDITOR. ihot Republic, lias devolved on its several members, will be utged with renewed zeal, 1 have much pleosute in saying that the Government t s Brazil has adjusted the claim upon that Government in the case of the schooner “John S. Bryan,” and that sanguine hopes ate enleitained that the same spirit of justice w ill influence its councils in arriving at an early decision up on the remaining claims ; thereby remov ing all cause of dissension between lira Powers, whose interests are to some extent interwoven with earli other. Gut Minister at Gliili has suerrcded in in due. ng a recognition by that Government, of the adjustment effected by his predeces sor of the first claims in the rase of the “ Macedonian.” The first imstalment has been received by the claimants in the Uni ted States. Notice of the exchange of ratifications of the trenly with Petu, which will take place at L mn. has not yet reached this country, but is shortly expected to be re reived. when ll e claims upon that I’epul’ lie will doubtless le liquidated and paid. In consequence of a misunderstanding between this Government and that of Bue nos Ayres, oreurring several years ugo, this Government has icnmitied unieprtsenteJ at that court, while e minister from it has been constantly resilient heic. The causes of irritation have in a great measure pass ed away, and it is iti contemplation, in view of important intetcats w Inch have gtown up iu that country, at some early period dining he present session of Congress, with the cnncurtence of the Senate, to le store diplomatic relations between the two countries. Under the provisions of an act of Cot gress of the last session, a Minister was des patched from the I'nited Slate*-to China, in August of the present year, who, from the latest accounts we have from him, was at Suez, in Egjpt, on the 23th of Septem ber last, on his route to China- In regard to tbe Indian friPiesr residing within our jurisdictional limits, the greatest vigilence of the Government has been ex* cried to presetve them at pence among themselves, and to inspire them with feel ing of confidence in the justice of this Gov i srnmttil, and to cultivate friendship with the holder inhabitants. This has happily succeeded to a gteal extent ; but it is a sub ject of tegret that thpy suffer themselves in some instances to he imposed upon by art ful and designing men—and this notwith standing all the efforts of the Government to prevent it. The rccicpts into tl eTrei smy for tl e cnlemluryear 1843, exclusive of loans, were little mote than eighteen millions of dol lars; and the expendituies, exclusive of payments on the public debt, wi’i have been about twenty-three millions of dollars. By the Act of 1842, anew arrangement of the fiscal year was made, so that it should commence on the Ist day of July ill each year. The accounts and estimates for the current fiscal year, will show that the loons and Treasury notes made ar.d issued befnte the close of the lust Congress, to meet the anticipated deficiency, have not been e tiiely adequate. Although on the Ist of October last, there was a balance’ in the’ Treasuty in consequence of the provision, thus made of £3,914,082 77, yet the appro priations already made by Congress will absorb that balance, and leave a probable deficiency of two millions of dnllats at the close of the present fiscal year. There are outstanding Treasury notes to the amount ot tour millions six hundred thousand dol lars ; and should they lie returned upon ) reasury during the fiscal year, they will\ require provision fin- their redemption. I do uoL however regard this as probable, since they have obviously entered into the currency of tbe country, and will continue to form a pottion of it, if the system now adopted bo continued. The loan ot IS4I, amounting to $5,672,970 88, falls due on. tbe Ist ot January, 1845, and must be pro vided for or postponed by anew loan. And unless the resources of revenue should be u a’eiially increased by you, there will lie a probable deficiency for tbe service of the fiscal year ending .1 une 30th, 1845, of up waids of about four millions of dollars. The delusion incident to ar. enormous ly excessive paper circulation, which gave a fictitious value to eveiy thing, and stimu lated adventure arid speculation to an ex travegant extent, has been happily succeed-, cd by the substitution of the precious met als and paper promptly redeemable in spe cie, and thus false values ha\e disappeared, and a sounder condition of things has been introduced. This transition, although mutely connected with the prosperity of the country, has nevertheless beet) attended with much etnbatra-sment to the Govern ment, in its financial qongerua. So long as the foieign importers could receive payment for their caigoes in a currency of greatly less value than that it) Europe, but fully available here in the purchase of out agri cultural productions, their profits being im measurably augmented by the operatioh, tbe shipments were large anti the tcvenuo of tbe Government became superbundadt. But the change in tbe character of the cir culation liom a nominal and apparently value, in the first stages of its existence, to an obviously depreciated value in its second so that it no longer answered *the purposes of exchange or barter, and its ultimate sub stitution by a sound metallic and dr\