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SOPHIE RN TRI B B_N E. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY w nn . n a it it iso \ . WM H HARRISON, l /this > Editors. VVM S. LAWTON, > From the Southern Press. The KaiKlolpli Epistles on the Bight or Secession. NO. 11. Fundamental Condition of the l mon—Sla rc Representation euidFugilice Sla res — The South’s Remedy, tcere these Rights de nied—The right to fight and the right to do toYong — "Black Cockade Federalism reel red ” — The Right of Equality anoth er Fundamental Condition oj the l mon, ¥■ To Iris fficellency, Mili.abd Fillmore, President of the United States : Sm—ft is admitted on all sides, that the Constitution contains certain principles which’aVC sacramental, embracing condi tions so vital and fundamental, that with out their adoption, the Constitution and the Uniottcould never have been formed. Conditions of this nature must be as pro gressive and continuous as the Constitu tion itself, and lasting its life time, must stand with it, and fill with it. Upon their acceptance the Union was founded—upon their 1 pet-firtnance the Union depends. Nothing is better known to the statos mctvof the country, than that the Constitu tion would never have been adopted nor ralificd ! by the Southern States, had not the Northern Slates received and accept ed tlmse provisions which the Constitution contains relating to the institution of slave ry, The debates set forth in the Madison papers,-impressively make known, that these provisions constituted among others the SoatWa Hltimata, and that but for the clause conferring representative rights in Congress upon three fifths of the slaves, and the clause providing for the reclama tion and surrender of fugitives from service no Union could have been formed between the parties then represented in the Con vention, The thing was impossible ; and hence the South became a party to the U nion upon the fundamental condition, that these provisions should be strictly adhered to and faithfully performed, so long as the Union lasts. The do. I * o * a, "l obligations thus devolved upon the N. 'ftli, were expli cit, imperative and immutabn*,- ai, *l conse quently it became the supreme la! v of the case, that the Union’s existence shout'* be dependent upon the faithful performance of these fundamental conditions. Now, sir, as hypotheses are quite as good as facts to test principles and compass consequences, l will put a case, or two ca ses ratheF. Suppose, that after the adop tion and ratification of the Constitution by the States, that Congress in 1791, in ap portioning the representation among the States under the census of 1790, had re fused to regard three-fifths of the slaves as representative numbers, an<l had with ltolden from the South all representation on their account. The North hud the j power to do so, had she been disposed to | use it. In a Senate of 26, she bad 14, and ] the South but 12 Senators. In a House of 65, sbefrad 35, and the South but 30 representatives ; the Constitution itself having apportioned the latter, until the ap portionment under the census of 1790 should take effect as follows ; New Hampshire, 3 Delaware, 1 Massachusetts, 8 Maryland, 6 Rhode Island and Virginia, 10 Providence Plan- North Carolina, 5 tatlons-. 1 South Carolina, 5 Connecticut, 5 Georgia, 3 New York, 6 Pennsylvania, 8 New Jersey, 4 35 30 This is one case. Now for tho other : Suppose that after repeated efforts on be half of the South, tho majorities in Con gress had repeatedly and finally refused 0) pass any law to carry it into effect, the clause of tho Constitution providing for the reclamation and delivery of fugitive slaves, and that the Northern States had refusdd their restitution without it! Such are the hypotheses : where would be the remedy ? From the postudata in neither, could a "case” be framed either in "law or equity,” to give the Supreme Court jurisdiction under the Constitution, over matters so obviously political and exclu sively pertaining to the legislative depart ment of the Government. Neither could the argument of the old Federalists, that Congress is the final interpreter of (he Cons'itution in all cases where the Su preme Court is without jurisdiction, avail any thing, for Congress itself would have already decided it against the South and against the Constitution ! 1 repeat the question : where would be the remedy ] The North’s faith, and two of the funda mental conditions of the Union would have been flagrantly and purposely broken.— Would the South bo bound by conscience, duty, or the Constitution to remain in the Union, and submit to these deep wrongs, and to abandon her right to slave repre sentation, and her right of reclamation of fugitives from service 1 Would the only right left her, be a right to fight 1 Mr. Webster's right of civil war, and bloody revolution'! Mr. Webster's right to MS LUG K THE WHOLE UNION IN BRETHREN’S BLOOD, TO SECURE TO lIEI4- TIIE RIGHT OF peaceful secession ! Well, sir, suppose the South, unter rifled by Mr. Webster’s blue light Federal docilities, should stand fast by the principles of her own illustri ous Jefferson and Madison—the State Rights platform of the Kentucky ami Vir ginia Resolutions <>f 1798, where every State. Rights Southern Whig, and every true hearted Democrat, dwelleth lie North or South, stands at this day, and resuming the sovereignty she had only parted with in faith of the guarantees so wilfully bro ken, should quietly secede from iheUnion. What then? Would the wrongs of the North confer on her a right to fight for them ? A right to force the South back— (if she could — Miml that ! If she could,) into the Union, shorn of those rights of slave representation and of slave reclam ations, which formed the inducements and the conditions for entering it ! Iftwo wrongs could thus make a right and give warrant for the consequences just deduced fioni it, then must it ba plain, that these fundamental conditions would have been no conditions at all, but deep deceptions and foul frauds; and con taining those very elements of nullity, which would debase and avoid the whole instrument at the forum of any judicature in Christendom ? Who can believe, that the heroes of '76 and the sages of ’67, who have secured us all we have and made us all we arc, should have bequeathed us as our heritage, a Constitution plenary of powers and sanctions, for absurdities and op. prussions so monstrous as these ? I must doubt, if there be one man living, having ti conscience in bis breast, and brains enough to think with, wtio would tarnish with such a stain the memo ries of these eminent dead, by sanctioning with his credence an interpretation of that instrument so redolent of unlimited power and slavish sub mission ! I defy the wit of man to deny the right of secession in the cases I have put, with out conceding that the Slates and their citizens hold their rights upon the tenure of “passive obedience,” and that the goverenment itself is but a chartered despotism ! In the year of our Lord 1800, the “black cockade” administration of the elder Adams, for the assertion of doctrines, not the centime of a tythe so laliludinarian and blasting to popular freedom and the Constitution as this, went down with a crash and was so extinct under the weight of public indignation and popular resistance, and should it he once understood by the people of the South, that yours is to commence uricleansed and unshriven ofthat leaven offederalism which, under the guise and auspices of a better name, masks the principles and designs of yonr Secre tary of State ; and should the people’s money be lavished upon a Federal soldiery, in military expeditions against any of these sovereign States, for asserting their right of boundary or secession, (as your recent message to the two Houses so ominously and menacingly hints) —have a care Mr. I’residont, that yours may not encounter a yet sadder fate, and full, it may be, in the provi dencc of God, a warning to rulers and a mercy to the oppressed! The cases I put were hypothetical ones, yet each of them had a considerable odor of rcatitij about them. Congtess lias not, indeed, deprived us, as yet of our slave representation, hut it has taken away from us, and appropriated to the free Status, every acre of the Federal territory out of which a slave representation might have come, and deprived the South by the same means and for aye, of any augmented representation in the Senate. In doing this, anoliivt fundamental condition of the Union has been broken, tar ■uore invaluable to the South than that of slave representation, to wit : that Right oe Equal ity between the States, upon which the whole fabric of ltl« Union rests; and, indeed, deemed so important by Congress itself heretofore, that in receiving into the Union each of the seven teen States which have entered it since the Con stitution took effect, it gave to this vital princi ple fresh and impressive recognition, by declar ing each of these States to be “Admitted into the Union upon as Equal footing with the ORIGIN AL St ATES IN ALL RESPECTS WHATEVER.” Is it not passing strange that auj one should doubt, that tire admission of California with her monstrous appropriation of territory, streching from Oregon to Mexico, and shutting out the £outh forever from the sea, was not a palpable and breach of the Constitution, in con tempt and extinCl.'I*ll 1 * 11 of those inalienable Rights of Equality, in which tiio Constitution was founded? Is it not equally strange, that any ”. ne should doubt, that what Congress sanctions to be done, with a full power to prevent its being done it is just as responsible for, as if Congress iiself had done the act upon the principle of that well known maxim in law and in morals: Quod facitptr aliuvi,faeit per sc —and hence, that the counsel and sanction given to the people of Cal ifornia by the Executive Department ofthe Gov ernment, to absorb the whole of sea-gil t Califor nia and exclude the South from it through the IVilmot Proviso, with the ratification by Con gres of all California has done, will affix the agency and responsibility of that baleful mea sure where it justly belongs, upon the action of this Government, und as much so, as if Califor nia herself had nothing to do with it! Should the bill then become a law, Congress will have palpably broken that fundamental condition of equality between the States, upon which the Union rests ; and as the casus fwderis will have come, all the world will expect from that gallant son of noble sire, who has now charge of the Executive Department of Virgin ia (Gov. Floyd,) that ho will abide the patriotic counsels of her Legislature and call her public authorities together, to take counsel upon her Federal rights and privileges to provide for their defence and their safety ! So much for one of the supposed cases, and the Oder of reality it bears along with it; and now for the other. As to the fugitive slave question, the existing realities of the present day are immeasurably worse than the hypothesis 1 raised, touching the action of Congress in the past century. The fundamental condition ofthe Constitution for the restitution of fugitive slaves has been broken ten thousand times: The act of Congress of 17‘J3 has long ago been renderad a dead letter und a mockery by the hostile legislatson of the free States, and the active and turbulent inter ference and opposition of their citizens : The slave States have again and again been furtively invaded by the free hooters, and their citizens, reaching to imntencc amonnts j have been fel oniously plundered of their properties: Claim ants, with the Constitution for their passports, have every where been assailed, insulted, and failed of their reclamation : Arrests have been prevented—the captured have been rescued— and mobs, and even murders have followed and frustraled the attempts of owners, to recover the property which the Constitution had assured to them ! I aegretlo add that the native State of your Excellency has been shamelessly conspicu ous, in Iter deliberate and repeated breaches of this fundamental clause of the Constitution. Not many years ago,a rather remarkable person, who was then Govejnor of your State, forgot liis oatli and shamed his duly, (doubtless under sonto “higher law,”) by refusing to deliver up to the Governor of Virginia a fugitive from justice (under an enjoining clause of the Constitution,) who had tied from that State, after committing a felony in a theft of slaves, llis delivery up was demanded for n felonious breach of the laws of l irginia; his delivery was refused on the ground that he had committed no breach of the taws oj Mew York! For this and kindred ex ploits, in stimulating the citizens of New York to the plunder of slaves, and of bringing the two great sections into open and dangerous col lisions ; that great State made him lu r senator; and then in yonr hearing, sir, and addressing your Excellency, he shamed the whole country, in declaring that the law of (lo'l had repealed the clause in the Constitution providing for the restitution of fugitive slaves; and in the face of the solemn oath lie had taken to support the constitution in all its clauses, openly boasts of the unaccomplished atrocities lie meditates, through the perjuries he has resolved on ! Rut New York has other citizens who have shown their reverence for the Constitution through riper perjuries than these ; for I have it from the very highest authority, that the sirgle town of Rochester contains this moment,no less than 300 fugitive slaves! And but a few mouths ago, “The N. York Vigilance Anti-Slavery Society” presided over by the opulent Gerret Smith, pub licly proclaimed and published in the city of N. York,that they had commited felonies within the current year against the slave property of the South, amounting to $75,500, and, Oh, shame upon her public authorities: not a public func tionary stirred to bring these self-convicted fel ons to justice and there were "none to make them afraid!" Your Excellency can readily suppose tliat depredations to this amount by a single committee and in a single year, would amount to vast sums of money in a course of years, could the depredations of all other committees he brought into account. I have myself striven to find some clue to the South’s losses in fugitive slaves, and published a pamphlet some weeks since, founded upon authentic data and based upon the most moderate estimates, and found them recaching nevertheless, to the astounding aggregate of upwards of $22,000,000 in the course of some thirty or forty jears, and for every dollar of which the Constitution points to to the free States for retribution, and for which they are most justly and legally liable ! And thinks yonr Excellency, that the wrong has been redressed and the amount refunded ? Not to to a shilling’s value ! Thinks your Excellen cy that the evil has been arrested and that the free States desist ? Then arnynt thee of the error, and take cognizance of the facts, for no> thing seems clearer hut that these depredations are extensively and rapidly on the the increase. 1 had averaged the South’s average annual los ses in fugitive slaves, for tile last ten years, at 1550, hut I have since received reliable informs, tion that an estimate of 2000 for the year last past, would be that much nearer, though consid erably short of the mark ! Well, sir, 2000 slaves rated at only SSOO apiece, gives us an aggregate of $1,000,000! —One million wholly lost to the South in a single year,without the consideration of one doit of value!—Ravished spoils of felo nious plunder, and Abolitionists the felons, and their States their accessories! It is the law as well as the adage, which proclaims, that “The Receiver is as had as the Thief!” What is to be done, Mr. President, to redress these foul wrongs ; and to arresst them ? Is there a prospect or a hope, that the South’s hour of retribution may yet come? Alas, sir! your Excellency well knwos what the South has re alized for these 30 years ; that with our noble Constitution on her side, there has been no help for her in Congress—none in the past; and God help us, sir, there is none now ! Nothing is to be done for her, unless she is content to be made a jest of, and taking nothing for the past, submits her property-rights in slaves, to the mockeries and and mercies of her Frec-soil ju ries, whose idiot faitli it is, that there be no property in man maugre the speaking chroni cles of forty centuries of human servitude to the contrary! In all this then, and after thirty years of endurance and forbearance, and with out a change hut for the worst, the question re turns upon us. What is to he done ? Must the South submit!—Ought she to submit ?—Cali she submit, wihout being branded with a dastard ism, that would dishonor and defame the race she spiung from ? Every na.ive son who loves her would exclaim,“M ay she perish sooner !” If, with a Constitution vouchsafing her all she has claims to and all asks for, she can yet have no justice, and no help in the Union, from the tyrannous majorities who administer the Consti- tution, all prophecy is a cheat, and all history an imposture, if she does not seek that justice and that help out of the Union ! Look to it, sir! Unless these oppressions are put an end to — unless the Executive veto is brought down upon that unconstitutional California bill, should it tiind its way unaltered to the White House, — you must be blind to the protcnts which now darken the Southern heavens if you hope to reach the ides of January and escape the ca lamities of a ruptured Federation ! Fonder on ■ • sir! The Executive right arm guided by wisdom may a7C. r ! ‘hecatasthrophc.by arresting this measure and bring ail oCPttvns Pi ‘ ou,1 ‘ try to a pause ! Once employ that right arm in unsheathing the sword of State, and in the roar of that first volley of Federal musketry aimed at the citizens of a sovereign State, we shall hear the parting knell of the Union and all will be lost! The whole country will realize that the power to save or destroy the Union is de volved on you, and may God of his goodness vouchsafe to you,the wisdom and the patriotism that shall save it! RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE. P. S. In my next I propose to demonstrate that the Constitution is a compact —that the sole parties to it are the States —and hence, that the Union is federative —and secession its muniment. From the Cherokee Advocate. To the People or Georgia. Ft!low-Citizens —After consultation with sev eral gentlemen from different parts of the State, during the late Fair of the Southern Central Ag ricultural Association held at Atlanta, the fol lowing resolutions were adopted : "Resolved, That a Committee of five be ap poninted to prepare and publish an Address to the citizens of the Slate generally, respectfully calling their attention to the importance of Common School education, and of some united action for the advancement of that cause. “Resolved, That the interests of this great cause call for united counsel and co-operation of the entire State; and that for this end we earnest ly invite each county to take the subject into consideration, and to send Delcales to a Con vention to be hold at such time and place ns the above committee, after consultation, may desig nate,for thcpuipose of maturing some practicable system of common School education, to be pre sented to the next Legislature." No subject more deeply concerns us as a State, than that presented in the above resolutions.— In ail civilized countries, general education is considered of vital importance. Ptoperly conduct ed, it lies at the foundation of all that is valua ble in the political and social relations of man kind; and in proportion as it is general, or limit ed, or thorough, or superficial, so will the State rank in the scale of real greatness. The State of Georgia is rapidly advancing in many respects, to the foremost place among her sisters ofthe South. Her natural advantages and resources are unsurpassed; and the enterprise and industry of her citizens arc beginning to de vclope these resources and to employ these ad vantages. Her population is rapidly increasing; and her capital begins to be largely invested in works of intcnal improvement and commerce.— A laudable attention is beginning to be directed to Agricultural and Artistic improvements, as is abundantly shown in the increasing numberswho attend our great Agricultural Fair, and the interest taken in its exhibitions. In past time, the appeal in behalfof these various improve ments has been restricted mainly to the moru wealthy and educated, but now it is made to every class of citizens All are now invoked, especially the farmers and mechanics, to enlist in this common movement for elevating the State in all the elements of true greatness. In is to he feared, however, thst the most important means of realising these desires and expectations is too much overlooked. Be- fore the people can be efficiently enlisted in these enterprises, they must be enabled to unt derstand the nature and extent of the desired tm. provements,the means by which they are to be accomplished, and the interest which every citi zen basin the results. In no other way can a general and steady co-coperation be secured. Now this is the business of education, intel lectual and moral, extending to every class of our white population. Georgia has recognized this truth from the earliest days of her existence as a State. Her first Constitution adopted in 1777, provides that “Schools shall be erected in each county, and supported at the general expense of the State.” The endowment of the University, and of Coun ty Academies, and appropriations for common and poor Schools, have followed at different pe riods in obedience to this provision of our first Constitution. And in addition to these provi sions by the State, private munificence has fur nislied the means of establishing many valuable institutions of learning for both males and fe males. Rut while these various institutions furnish a highly creditable provision for academic learn ing in our State, all the attempts of our Legisla ture to establish Common Schools have been singularly unsuccessful. Various schemes have been adopted, and then abandoned as failures. So that after all that has been expended, there is a lamentable deficiency ofgood Common Schools in the State. The means of a good common education are not furnished to the mass of our population. And yet such an education is the right ofevery citizen under our Constitution. — The blessings derived by all from our higher seminaries arc indeed great, and we desire to see them cherished and sustained ; hut yet vast ly more is due to the great body of the people who cannot avail themselves of these higher ad vantages. What then is to be done ? Shall we allow this sad deficiency to continue ? Shall this greatest hindrance to the elevation of our State still exist ? The failure of our common school systems heretofore is mainly attributable to three causes : 1. They have not been adapted in their de. tails to the actual condition and wants of our population. 2. There has been no adequate supply of well qualified common School Teachers. 3. There has been too little interest felt gene rally in the subject itself. To remove these obstacles, and to put in ope ration some practicable and efficient plan cfgene ral education, is confessedly a work of great dis. ficulty. This difficulty is felt especially in those portions of the State where the white popula tion is very sparse. Rut yet something must be dons, and tve think the undertaking a practica ble one, if entered upon with an earnest zeal. During the Sessions of our Legislature there are so many exciting questions, and conflicting interests, that little time is left for the considera tion of this subject, about which so few feel any real concern. In addition to this, few of our Legislators have either the materials, or the thorough acquaintance with the subject itself, from which to digest any comprehensive plan of general education. Committees have several times been appointed during the recess of the Legislature, but they have either failed to report or been unable to suggest any practicable scheme. Perhaps therefore no suggestion promises bet. ter results than the second resolution under which we now write. If Delegates be sent from the several Counties, chosen ivith reference, to this single matter, we may hope for some good result from their united wisdom and zeal. We feel assured that the Legislature would not be back ward to adopt the well digested recommenda tions of such a body ; and in any event, the meoting and deliberations of such a Convention would tend to inspire new interest into the pub lic mind on this important subject. We therefore earnestly invite each County to lake up the subject, and to send Tiro Delegates to a Convention to be held in the City of Macon, on the Second WEDNESDAY in DECEMBER Next, for the purpose of taking into consideration the whole question of common school education. Delegates should go prepared with all the necossary statistical information as to the area, number of children, number of schools, &c.— The first Tuesday in November would probably he a suitable day for the appointment of Dele gates. Let all the friends of common education whether many or few, determine to act promptly in this business, that every portion of the State may take part in deliberations for the common welfare. Nothing »s niC. r ? "'onfiy of our prompt and earnest attention. Fellow Citizens : This is emphatically the cause of the People—that which tends to elevate and bless every one of our population. It deeply concerns our advancement in all the elements of true greatness, physical, political, social, intellectual and moral. And we are sure we utter the feeling of every true Georgian, when we say, that in all these characteristics of great ness we desire our State to stand unrivalled, not by the depression of others, but by raising her self to that commanding position. THOMAS F. SCOTT,) ALONZO CHURCH, | S. FOUCHE, [Committee 15. SNIDER, f JAMES A. NISBET.J Ukstoring and Preserving the Sight— The Scientific American says : —A friend who had read the following valuable item of informa tion but who had forgotten which way “to rub his eyes,” for loss of sight by age, requested us yesterday to republish the process. It is as fol lows : For near sightedness, close the eye and press the fingers from the nose outward, across the eyes. This flattens the pupil, and thus length, ens or extends the angle of vision. This should he done several times a day, till short siglilcd ness is overcome. For loss of sight by age, such as require mag nifying glasses, pass the fingers and towel from the outer corner of the eyes inwardly, above and below the eye balls, pressing gently against them. This rounds them up, aud preserves or restores the sight. It lias been already said that this is nothing new. The venerable John Quincy Adams pre served hissighlin this way, in full vigor to the day of his death. He told Lawyer Ford, of Lancaster, who wore glasses, that if he would manipulate his eyes with his fingers, from their external angles inwardly, lie would soon be able to dispense with glasses. Ford tried it, and soon restored his sight perfectly, and has since preserved it by the continuance of this practice. [The above is from the Pennsylvanian ; we cannot endorse it, as wc have no positive experi mental facts in our possession respecting such manipulations, for the preservation of the sight. We have been informed that this is the process pursued with such succeess by Prof, lirotison for restoring the eye sight. Its correctness can ea sily he tested by those who have weak eye sight] Hj°One thousand cases of Lancaster Ginghams of last dye and fine fabrics sold in New York last week and an average of ilj cents was realized At the same lime 121 cases Scotch Ginghams were sold at from to 12. J cents. MACON , G A- SATURDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 31. (EpTlie storm having delayed the receipt of our printing paper from Charleston, we are con' sequently a little behind the usual time of our publication —but whilst the fault is notours, be ing purely Providential, it will make no material difference to our patrons,as the paper will appear again on Saturday next. p"We are indebted to the Hon. A. H. Ste phens, for a copy of his speech on the Presi dent’s Message in relation to Texas and New Mexico. Also to the lion. J. W Jackson and J. L. Orr for sundry valuable documents. The Storm. —We regret to learn that the storm which visited this city on Saturday last, extended from the sea coast far into the interior ofSouth Carolina and this State. It swept a cross the State of Florida, and penetrated into Alabama, beyond Montgomery—doing im mense damage to the growing crops, &c. ffT* We call the attention of our readers to the address on the subject of Education, which ap pears in another column. It treats on a subject of vital interest to us as a community ; and up wards of a year ago we endeavored to direct the attention of the public to the importance of devising and adopting a more practical and general system of education for the masses. It is truo delegates were appointed to attend a Con vention here in July last, from a few places in the State—and so it ended. We hope this ef fort may prove more successful. We gave a few weeks since the proceedings of a Conven tion on this subject held at Columbia, S. C., at which a Committee was appointed to report at the next meeting at that place on the 3d of De cember next. We hope due attention will be given to this subject. De Bow’s Commercial Review. —The Au gust number of this interesting and valuable work has been received. The following are its contents: Government of British India ; Com merce of the Red Sea and the East ; National Vanity ; Monette’s “Early Spirit of the West,” Reviewed ; The Baron Humboldt's “Cosmos;” Supposititious Reviews ; The Late Cuba Expe dition ; Protection of the Low Lands ofthe Mis sissippi ; Slavery—Mr. Calhoun’s Letter to Mr. King ; Progress of the Western and Southern States ; Department of Agriculture ; Depart ment of Manufactures ; Department of Internal Improvements ; Miscellaneous ; Editorial De partment. We cheerfully recommend this work as one eminently entitled to public patronage. Published monthly at New Orleans, by J. D. B. De Bow, at $5 per annum, in advance. Graham's Magazine. —The September num ber of this neat Magazine has been received. Its contents arc varied and interesting. Published monthly in Philadelphia, by G. R. Graham, at $3 per annum, in advance. Godey’s Lady’s Book. —We have received the September number of this popular work, which fully sustains its former good name. Pub lishcd at Philadelphia, monthly,by L. A. Godey, at $3 per annum, in advance. Arthur’s Home Gazette. —This is the title ofa very neat paper, the first and second num bers of which have been received. Published weekly at Philadelphia, by T. S. Arthur, Esq at $2 per annum, in advance. Model American Courier. —This paper is filled with a variety of interesting matter,and is published weekly at Philadelphia, by A. Mc ifat si2. in advance. 1U4&1. | - » I Scott's Paper.— This will compare fa vorably with any of the numerous Philadelphia papers, where it is published weekly, by Mr. A. Scott, at $2 per annum, in advance. Holden’s Magazine. —The September num ber of this cheap monthly, has been received, which fully equals any of its predecessors. Pub lished at New York, by Fowler &. Deitz, ats! per annum, fn advance. Inquests. —A white man named Wm. Clare was found dead on the 23d inst., a few miles from this city,near the South Western Railroad. He was addicted to intemperance. A negro man named Isa ac, belonging to Rev. W. R. Branham, was drowned yesterday, in attempting to awim across the river opposite the city. Inquests were held over the bodies and Ver dicts rendered in accordance with the above facts. Look Out—The Dalton Times of the 29th inst. says : “On Saturday morning last, a negro boy belonging to Dr. Franklin, of Macon, came to the residence of Mr. John G a v in, of this place and says that he was persuaded oft by a man calling himself Thomas Calhoun, under pre tence of carrying him to a free State. By some means the negro found out that this was not his intention and upon arriving at this place left the cars.— Calhoun passed up the Road.’’ More “Mobocricv ?’’ —“The Constitutional rights and liberty of speech’’ of certain free soil gentry have recently been “ grossly violated *” in Alabama, if it were left to some folks to tell jt. Public meetings were recently held at Au burn and Wetumpka, Ala., at the latter of which the Mayor presided, and committees were ap pointed to wait upon several individuals who bad “proclaimed sentiments at war with the peculiar institutions of the South,” “and notify them that an outraged community required their speedy departure from the State”—and '■forty eight hours were magnanimously allowed the offenders, and a brother-in-law ofone of them to leave, which if not complied with, action would be had” in the premises. We notice the name of Col. S P. Storrs, formerly of this State, as one of the committee. These gentry named Luke I) Prince, John Berry, A. II Moten, A. Bar tholomew, ami Davis, left immediately for their homoß in Springfield, Mass. TJ - Professor Webster was executed yester day at Boston. lie made no further confession. Fugitive Slave Bill.— This bill was order ed to be engrossed for a third reading in the IT S. Senate on the 23d inst. by the following vote- Yeas—Messrs. Atchison, Badger, Bell, Ben ton, Berrien, Cass, Clemens, Dawson, Dodge 0 f lowa, Dodge of Wisconsin, Downs, Foote Houston, King, Mangum, Rusk, Sebastian! Shields, Smith, Soule, Spruance,Sturgeon,Tur ney, Underwood, Wales, Walker and Yulee— -27. Nays—Messrs. Baldwin, Bradbury, Bri«kt Chase, Clarke, Davis of Massachusetts, Dalis’ of Mississippi, Dickinson, Greene, Hamlin, Ma’ son, Pearce, Winthrop and Whitcomb— 14. The Southern Press says the object of this bill is to seduce the border States ofVirginia, Mary land and Kentucky, from the common cause o f the South. We have no faith in its efficiency. Runaways— Three fugitive slaves from the State of Virginia, were pursued and ar rested on Saturday last at Harrisburg, Penn., on a charge of horse stealing and carried before Judge Pearson, whodeesded that the stealing of a horse by a slave for the purpose of escaping, was not a criminal offence, under the lau> of re claiming fugitives ; and consequently he dis charged them. The owners arrested two es them the other escaping.when the Court issued a war rant and had the masters and two negroes put j n jail, on a charge of “ assault and battery, and trying to incite a riot Gen. Sailer called out the military to restore order. This is the way the “rights” of Southern slaveholders are respected even in the capital of Pennsylvania. (CpFourteen of the twenty five Negroes who recently runaway from the Central Plank Road Company in Alabama, have been captured.— They were on their way to the free States, and were aided bv white men. Muscogee Railroad.— The Columbus Times of the 27th inst. says : “The Board of Directors at a meeting last week, passed an order for the purchase of locomotives for this Road. The contractors are making good progress in grading and getting timbers for the superstructure. It is expected that by the month of April, thirty miles of the road out of Columbus, will bo ready for the cars. The sections beyond the Flint river are now in process of location, and a large force will be put on them in November. We can thus see the end of this enterprise, and count safely upon a steam carriage from Columbus to Macon, in a little over twelve months.’’ Latest from Texas and NewMexico.—The Legislature of Texas met on the 12th inst. and on the I3th, the Governor delivered his message stating his reasons for calling an extra-session, to devise means to maintain the rights of Texas, and declared that the only course left to that State consistent with honor and a just sense of what is due to her, is the immediate adoption, by the Legislature, of “such measures as are ne cessary for the occupation of Santa Fo, with a force ample to quell the arrogant and rebellious spirit now prevailing there,” and “to extend and firmly establish the jurisdiction and laws ofthe Stale over it.” He then recommends tlie legis lature to “authorize the Executive to raise, with as little delay as possible, with power to supply at least two Regiments of mounted volunteers for the contemplated move to, and occupancy of Santa Fe.” lie says that he will discuss the title of Texas to the disputed Territory no farther hut recommends the sending of a sufficient force to execute the laws ofthe State there, “ without reference to any anticipated action of the Fede ral Government or regard to the military power ofthe United States stationed at Santa Fe.” The President’s message and the passage of Mr. Pearce's bill had not readied the Governor at the time and when received, would tend, it was thought, greatly to arouse a spirit of indignation throughout the State against that measure of ad justment. The Legislature of New Mexico had also con vened, which was divided nearly equal, one half being in favor of a State and the other a Territo al Government. The elections under the State Constitution of New Mexico, took place on the 20th of June, and resulted in the choice of Dr. Henry Connelly for Governor, and Emanuel Alvarcst, for Lieut. Governor, and Wm.S.Mes seroy,a Representative to Congress. Major R. H. Whiteman and Major F. A. Cunningham, both late Paymasters in the United States Army were elected United States Senators. Major Whiteman had left for Washington. The In dians were committing depredations throughout New Mexico, and an express had been sent for two thousand stand of arms. The crops in New Mexico were very fine and promising. Qj’We learn from the Christian Index that Mr. Jkssf. Stevens was killed by the falling of a limb during the storm on Saturday last, whilst riding in a buggy a few miles from Pcnfield. H* had just exchanged his scat with a gentleman who escaped unhurt. Nashville and Chattanooga Rail Roac We observe that 300 Irish laborers have arrived at Chattanooga, to break ground on the Nash ville and Chattanooga Rail Rond. They wiii commence on the precipitous rock, forming *l‘ 6 base of Lookout Mountain toward the river.— An immence deal of rock, excavation and em bankment must bo done at that point, which be gins at some three miles from town. The lcr ruination of the Mountain on the river is a per pendicular wall of rock, about6oo feet' high" Along the base of this, an immense Wall >® 10 be built, much of which will have its foundation in the bed of the River, and be carried to » a height so as to be above all freshets and dan gers from high water. We regret to learn that on the trip up on 11® State Railroad, when within a few miles of Ca lioun, a point of tho iron rail on the track P* n trated tho car and killed a woman-« n( * men were also injured by the accident, have since died. New Coin. —The new throe cent P' cce, ’^ c ccntly issued from the Philadelphia Minh 1 on one side, the words “United States of ica,” in which is a circular wreath numeral “III.” On tho reverse side is ‘ h * erty cap, inscribed with the word“U*bi rty, , surrounded with the rnys. U ndeiiic at 1 1 are the figures “1850."