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2 FARM FIELD AND GARDEN LEAN MEAT VERSUS FAT. Th© ICxcess of Fat in the Pork, Beef and Mutton of This Country. Attention is directed by Professor At water in The Experimental Station Rec ord to a deficiency of protein in our ag ricultural products, which tends to in crease the already too great proportion of fat and carbohydrates in the food we eat. Corn, our great staple, is poor in protein at the best. The larger part of our pork is made from corn. Pork made from corn exclusively has relatively lit tle lean. The corn fed pork in the mar ked is mostly fat. On this subject it is said that the pork producer in this coun try has come to be essentially a manu facturer of fat. Like other manufactur ers he must compete in the markets of the world, home and foreign. He meets serious competition in the fat of other meats, in cottonseed oil and in petro leum. The home market is relatively overstocked with fat pork. There are, then, two things for the pork producers to do—make leaner pork * and get better access to foreign markets. Leaner pork can be obtained by the use of nitrogenous foods—skimmilk, bran, shorts, cottonseed meal, if it can be ad vantageously utilized; beans, peas,clover, alfalfa and other leguminous plants. It is, however, impracticable for many pork producers to change their system of feed ing at once. The bulk of the pork of the country is and for some time must be manufactured from corn, but where ni trogenous foods are available they should be used, and where they are not an at tempt should be made to introduce them. Skimmilk is rich in protein, and on this account it is excellent, Professor Atwater states, not simply for making the lean pork that a rational diet calls for, in place of the excessively fat prod uct with which the market is flooded. There is the same trouble with our other meats. Our beef and mutton are fatter than need be, and the excess of fat is greater than we realize. It is true there is a large demand for fat beef. This is because such beef is tender, juicy and attractive in flavor, and it is not the fat but the lean part of the meat that is mostly wanted. The European feeder makes tender, juicy beef of excellent flavor, without excess of fat. When the cattle he is fattening have become fat to the point where the quantity of fat in the meat is reasonable and the flavor ac ceptable they are slaughtered. His feed ing stuffs are also richer in protein than the grasses and grain of the central and eastern states. Raising Squabs. A correspondent of the Philadelphia Farm Journal relates the following ex perience in raising squabs: I first rented for a small sum an old house fifteen by twenty feet, with ceil ings eight feet high, and fitted it up with plenty of boxes, hanging them to the ceiling so that rats could not get at the young ones. The windows were taken out and wire netting substituted in summer. Platforms were placed out of the windows so the birds could get out into the sun and rain. Then I bought common pigeons, the largest I could find, and penned each pair sep arately to mate. When mated I put them in, and they went immediately to work. There were twenty pairs. For feed I use small grained corn and screenings. I give them also green grass, grass seed and plenty of salt, lime and sand. The birds have a bathbox 2 by 3 feet by 4 inches deep and a patent fountain from which to drink. The nesting boxes are cleaned out once a month and lime put in to keep out lice. I get an average of eight pairs of squabs a year, and these have realized for me forty-five cents a pair. The cost of keeping a pair of breeding birds de pends on the kind. Small birds do not eat as much as large ones. My birds cost me two dollars per pair for the year in confinement. There are too many losses when at large. Hawks kill them, and people trap or shoot them. When confined these losses are avoided. The Improvement of Soils. The amount of water in a soil and its rate of circulation being among the most important factors in determining the growth of cultivated plants, it follows that the art of cultivating and manuring must be based on the possible control of the water supply in the soil. In a report of soil investigations by Mr. Whitney, of the Maryland station, it is stated that the continued use of lime, kainit and phosphoric acid makes the soil more loamy, looser in texture and less reten tive of moisture. Many of our agricul tural lands need improvement in the other direction. They need to be made closer in texture and more retentive of moisture. In the investigations under consideration it was found that ammo nia, the caustic alkalies, carbonate of soda and probably many other substances tend to bring about the desired improve ment. The judicious use of lime, kainit or acid phosphate, along with organic mat ter added to the soil, is said to give a value to the application which it would not otherwise have had, and in this con nection a value to stable manure is given out of all proportion to the amount of plant food it contains. Lime also, either alone or when acting with organic matter, is mentioned as having a distinct value for all classes of lands. The Clover Leaf Weevil. This insect has been spreading south ward since 1882, but has not extended its work to the west as rapidly as might have been expected. Nothing in way of remedies appears to have been discov ered of late years. Where the stubble can be burned during the winter the numbers of the insect can be greatly re duced, but plowing under during May, although this necessitates tsome loss, is recommended by the entomologists who have investigated the matter as the most efficacious remedy. Now for Fakes. Now watch and see if the Democrats will not be too cowardly to carry out the free trade demands of their platform. The upshot of the business will be the selection of a “commission” to devise a plan. Whenever the politicians are too ignorant or too cowardly to decide a measure they refer it to a commission. The commission meets with a big flour ish and makes a report. That ends the matter, and the people pay the bills, and big ones at that.—National Advance. . PEOPLE’S PARTY PAPER, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY. DECEMBER 18, 1892. EARLY BROILERS. Successful Incubator Work by Practical Poultry Men. Although the market for early broilers will not begin before the opening of the new year, P. H. Jacobs, of Hammonton, N. J., very truly says in Farm and Fire side that the chicks must be hatched out in time to grow. It requires three weeks to hatch the chicks and about ten weeks more for them to reach a marketable size, the whole period, from the begin ning of the hatch to the period of selling, being about three months. To reach the market in January the chicks should come out of the shells not later than the first week in November. As the prices gradually increase aftei January, reaching the highest limit in May, there is a wide field open for early broilers. The first lot that reaches the market sells best when they weigh but little over a pound each, but as the prices go up the weights also increase until sizes of l’q pounds weight are desired. The difficulty in securing early chicks is the fact that a hen will not sit until she is so inclined, and even if she hatches a brood in the winter season it is diffi cult for her to raise them. Hence Mr. Jacobs encourages artificial incubation. He says: “In April and May prices some times reach as high as sixty cents a pound for broilers in large cities. The cost of the food to produce one pound of chick does not exceed six cents. It must not be overlooked, however, that the cost of eggs for incubation, the labor, the buildings and other expenses are sometimes great, and losses by death may be very heavy. All are not suc cessful, but many difficulties can be overcome after a year's experience. It is best to begin with a small incubator and learn, and not venture too far the first season. If anything is to be done, however, this is the time to begin, not only for profit, but also to experiment.” It is told of one of Ohio’s most success ful broiler men in The Poultry World that he never started the machines until December for two reasons—first, it was difficult to procure eggs in any quantity much before that time, and, second, that the market w r as filled with frozen stock and game until March, so that there is no great demand for broilers until about April 1, when the frozen stock and game are cleared up and a good demand for broilers comes on. He owes his success in a great measure to the fact that he only utilizes the best portion of the year —winter and spring. He works at the poultry business during the winter and spring months, when his other business is slow, and by June, when the prices commence to fall, he is all sold out and works at his trade until another year. It is not economy to put money into cheap machines. Whichever you try, make up your mind at once that there is work to be done, and probably when you count your chickens from the first hatch you will think, as others have thought, that “the best regulated ma chine needs regulating.” A person can not be told how to ran successfully an incubator; he must learn it by experi ence. Grain Smut and the Jansen Remedy. As estimated in a bulletin of the Mich igan station, the annual loss to the grain crop of that state by smut is upward of $1,000,000. This includes the lo&s from the stinking smut of wheat and the loose smut of oats, and in fact all the smut fungi that attacks the cbreals. According to the bulletin, this heavy loss could be largely reduced, if not en tirely prevented, if the farmers would adopt the Jansen or hot water method. The work is simple and inexpensive. The wheat seed before planting should be kept in hot water heated to 134 degs. Fahrenheit for ten minutes. The water must be kept to this temperature during the soaking. Oats require a higher temperature to kill the smut spores. The seed should be dipped in water heat ed to 139 or 140 degs. Fahrenheit and should be soaked for ten minutes. The Farmer’s Icehouse. Once more we say that high cost is not necessary in an icehouse. The essen tials are ground from which the water will run away, sides stiff and tight enough to securely hold the fine pack ing with which it must be surrounded, a roof good enough to turn rain and free ventilation over the top of the material with which the ice is covered. Any shed which will furnish these requisites and eighteen inches of chaff, sawdust, fine charcoal, cut corn fodder or straw packed hard and tight under, on all sides and above the ice, with both gable ends wide open, will keep ice better than a $250 stone building, says one who has tried it in the Philadelphia Farm Jour nal. A pile of ice Bby 10 feet and 6 feet high will hold enough for any ordinary farm family with a dairy at tachment. News and Notes. A bogus coffee plant is on the market under the name of Cole’s Domestic Cof fee Berry. From the Ohio experiment station, where this matter has been in vestigated, comes the report that the plant is simply a common variety of Soja hispida, or Japan pea, so well known to many of the stations, and the seed of which is abundant and compara tively cheap. Another attempted fraud is the so called “black pepsin” for in creasing the yield of butter. Twenty-five tons of well dressed flax will be placed on exhibition at the World’s fair by flax growers of New Zealand. It is proposed to introduce the kanga roo of Australia into North America as a substitute for the extinct or all but extinct bison. Parts of the country, especially in the west, unsuited for cul tivation or other stock, might, it is thought, be used in breeding kangaroos, which afford not only good sport, but “flesh, fur and footwear.” Bee escapes are in high favor in Eng land. There should be a hospital on each farm for sick poultry, and they should be separated from the others as soon as any signs of disease are noticed. Inconsistency. The idea of a man getting down on his knees and praying that this “earth” be “as the kingdom of heaven,” and then voting for a party that is responsible for 7,000 millionaires on one hand and 10,- 000,000 paupers on the other, is prepos terous. If he does it through ignorance, his ignorance is a crime; if through prejudice, his prejudice is sin. The man who shuts his eyes to the present desper ate condition of things because he does not feel the pressure of the times is not worthy of Hie name of Christian.—Ran dolph Toiler, Wedowee, Ala, v - 'iOOtSvE BEE CELLARS. What One Man Thinks About Ventilation for Bees. A few years ago “subearth” ventila tion of bee cellars was almost universally recommended. Nearly every one who built a bee cellar also buried 200 or 300 feet of draintile; the outer end open to the air and the inner end entering the cellar. To remove the air from the cel lar a pipe, connecting with a stovepipe in the room above, extended down through the floor to within a few inches of the cellar bottom. The draft in the stove pipe “pulled up” the air from the cellar, and more flowed in through the sub earth pipe to take its place. On passing through the subearth pipe the air was warmed. If there was no stovepipe with which to connect the outlet pipe it was extended upward until it reached the open air. The air in the cellar, being warmer than the outside air, flowed out of the upper ventilator. In order to keep the temperature even there was much opening and closing of the ventilating tubes. In cold weather it was often necessary to leave the open ings closed several days, or even weeks. At such times it was noticed tkat the bees suffered no inconvenience. Not only this, but it was often noticed that when the ventilators were opened the inrush of fresh, cool air aroused the bees and made them uneasy. Finally the ventilators were opened less and less — still no bad results—and at last they were left closed nearly all the time. The amount of air needed by bees varies greatly, according to circum stances. When they are excited and full of honey, as is the case with a work ing swarm, the amount of air needed is very great. If they can be kept quiet a very little air will suffice. In winter bees are in a semidormant state, closely bordering upon hibernation, as that word is popularly understood, and the amount of air necessary for their main tenance is very slight. I believe it "was Mr. D. S. Adiar, who, a number of years ago, removed a box of surplus honey from a hive, and leaving the bees in possession pasted several layers of paper over the entrance to the box. As all the cracks and crevices were stopped with propolis the box was practically air tight. The bees were kept confined sev eral days, yet did not apparently suffer for want of air. Mr. Hedden tells of some man who, wishing to “take up” some of his colo nies in the fall, plastered up the entrance with blue clay, expecting to kill the bees by suffocation. Upon opening the hive a few days later the bees flew right merrily, to the discomfiture of their owner. I have several times wintered bees successfully in “clumps” where the bees were buried two feet deep under frozen earth. Professor Cook even went so far as to hermetically seal up two colonies by throwing water over the hives and allowing it to freeze, thus forming a coating of ice over tbp hives. The bees survived this treatment. Special ventilation, simply for the sake of securing fresher or purer air, seems to be almost unnecessary. The few beekeepers who} plead for special ventilation wholly upon the ground readily controHttie bee repositories are built sufficiently it does not seem as though ventilation would be very much needed for controlling temperature. When bees settle down into that quiescent state es sential for successful wintering their need of air is very slight indeed. When their winter is ended, and spring arouses them to activity and brood rear ing, more air is needed. It is then, if ever, that special ventilation is a bene fit, but as all that is needed can be so easily secured by the occasional open ing of doors or windows at night, if it ever becomes really necessary, it scarce ly seems worth while to go to the ex pense of laying subearth pipes. I should not do it or advise it. —Exchange. An Ayrshire Sire. The Ayrshire is acknowledged to be queen of the cheese cows. Good speci mens of the breed produce as high as forty quarts of milk a day sometimes. In some parts of Scotland they are the main dependence as milk cows for city customers. In the hilly regions of New England they thrive well and are also highly prized as dairy cattle. The but ter from Ayrshire milk needs artificial coloring to sell well in market. Con- AYRSHIRE BULL. cerning the butter making qualities of this breed there is some dispute. En thusiastic breeders declare the butter is first class, abundant and brings a high price in market. As to this we do not decide. In districts where oxen are used the steers of this family make excellent working animals. The picture shows a male at the head of one of the best Ayr shire herds in the country. The typical Ayrshire color is “dark red, rich brown or mahogany, running almost into a black, sometimes broken, blotched and spotted with white.” The following remedy has been given for horses that are lame from dry hoofs: Remove the shoes and turn the horse to pasture. W ash the legs and hoofs with soap and water. When they are dry anoint both legs and hoofs with a mix ture of equal parts of tallow and tar, rubbimr it in well. THE GOOD ROAD HORSE. Some Points for Farmers About His Breed ing and Education. A good road horse should have size, beauty, a pleasant, cheerful disposition, good free action, both in walking and trotting; should be pure gaited, so as to require neither boots nor toe weights; should be free from blemish, and last, but by no means least, should be well broken and educated. All the former requirements can be bred—in fact must be bred; but the education, without which all else is naught, can be added by the practical farmer in a more thor opgrh manner and at much less expense py ifto wcaamv. Jlllxj glCatrSU ■cniacnvu TU breeding trotters is in the development of the speed. No matter how generous nature may have been in the speed in heritance, the art of man must be used to bring out this inheritance, and good trainers are an expensive luxury, while a poor trainer is still more expensive at any price. Not every small trader, even if he has the time and desire to devote himself to training, can hope to become proficient in the art; but every man of ordinary intelligence, and having a lik ing for handling horses, can become proficient in educating young horses and bringing them properly to the point where a buyer can secure a good road horse, or the expert trainer can take up the education and bring out the reserve speed. A horse properly bred and prop erly educated up to this point is always salable at a good price. The first point is to start right, for without this all subsequent efforts will be in vain. It is an accepted law among breeders that like produces like, or the likeness of some ancestor, and the chances are much greater that the qual ities of the parents will be reproduced than those of more remote progenitors. It follows then that if we start to pro duce a certain type of horse we cannot expect to often produce that type by uniting parents of an entirely different type. It has been a too common error that any old wornout mare would answer for a dam, providing she was bred to some noted horse. Experience has dem onstrated that the dam exerts fully as much influence upon the offspring as the sire; in fact in my own case I have come to believe that I have more young sters that show the characteristics of the dam more strongly than those of the sire. A good brood mare should have size, for the offspring is influenced largely by the dam in this respect, and she should have a cheerful and pleasant disposition, with plenty of snap. If she has speed, so much the better, but it will be like inviting failure to expect to breed a prompt, pleasant driving horse from a stupid, awkward, stumbling dam. Experience has shown that the trotting action or gait is influenced more strong ly by the sire, and a breeder should be careful, therefore, to breed to a horse of pure trotting action —one that trots with out the appliances of weights and other artificial means of balancing. No man desires to drive a toe weight trotter on the road, or one that requires booting beyond possibly a quarter boot. By all means seek to breed high finish. A handsome horse will always command a much better price and a much readier sale than one of plain conformation. Beauty detracts nothing from speed, and the breeder who seeks to breed hand some road or driving horses will find as large a percentage of f ast trotters among the produce as he who breeds for speed alone. In one case those that lack speed will sell for enough to represent a profit, while in the other class those that lack speed are among the most useless of ani mals.—Cultivator and. Country Gentle man. Marking Lambs. The practice with breeders who are now keeping records of every individual animal—ranis and ewes—in their breed ing flocks is varied. For those who have no letter the following method will be found practicable, and it is thought with less liability to errors than by most other methods: At flambing time by a very little more than usual attention, and with no more than should be given the flock at this time without this end in view, it can be seen when a ewe has dropped a lamb. This lamb should be marked as hereafter mentioned and a note made of the num ber it is made to bear, the date of its birth, and the record number of its dam and sire. The marking is done by notches in the ears. These notches may be made -while the lamb is quite young and will last a long time, or until the animal is record ed and old enough to bear an ear label. The notches on the ears count as fol lows: One notch on the outer rim of the right ear is 1; one on outer rim of left ear is 3; one on inner rim of right ear is 10, and one on inner rim of left ear is 30. Combinations of these notches may be made to number as high as 100. —Cor. Breeder’s Gazette. Live Stock Points. Roup in poultry is contagious. The largest per cent, of hogs is lost from death in the south. During the past year Georgia farmers lost nearly 10 per cent, of their swine through fatal disease—Alabama, Arkansas and .Mis sissippi nearly as many. Hogs in hot climates seem more liable to disease than in colder ones. They need to have more attention paid to cleanliness. Chaplin, the Tory British minister, who hated American beef raisers, is now one of the outs, and his successor is Mr. Herbert Gardner. To Mr. Gard ner have come earnest applications al ready for the removal of the spiteful re strictions imposed on the admission of foreign cattle by Chaplin. There is good reason to believe the burdensome restrictions will bo removed. The shoe pinches our British cousins in a peculiar way. The truth is that English and Scotch capitalists have invested im mensely in American ranches on our side of the line. When, therefore, cattle from the United States are barred out of Great Britain, it cuts into the pockets of British subjects themselves. Light Is Breaking. The Republican party has elected its last president. The Demoratic party will never elect another candidate. The people are aroused. The Populist cause is in the saddle and will be the next great party. The cause of the masses must have a defend er if we hope to perpetuate the republic. The Democratic leaders are chained to plutocracy, and there is nothing to hope for from, that party. The same is true of the Republican party. The rank and file of both old parties are honest and well meaning, and sym pathize with the people. Ignorance, prejudice and party favor itism have kept them in darkness. The light is breaking. Another four years of education and. the common people will begin to understand that they are the power and that they are the people in shape to direct government, and not the few who money power.—Denver Road. Rev. T. De Witt Talmage says: “The great shadowing curse of America to day is the monopolist. He puts his hand on every bushel of wheat, every sack of flour and every ton of coal, and not a man, woman or child in America but Eeels the. tQfiCh of moneyed despotism.” < VISIT TO A CREAMERY. A Butter Factory Which Is Profitable to Owners and Patrons. Long experience in newspaper work gives one self confidence. Outsiders might call it cheek. But whatever it is it enabled me a few weeks ago, during my summer outing, to march boldly up to the door of the Forest City creamery at Portland, Me., and ask the managers to give me an interview in the interests of our dairy readers. They not only gave me the interview, but also a glass of delicious cream, the one as acceptable as the other. I may say the first thing that struck my eye as I entered the door of the creamery was a large sign bear ing the words “No Smoking.” The principal products of the soil im mediately around Portland are hay and potatoes apparently, with some ensilage corn, yet the Forest City creamery uses up the milk of no less than 2,500 cows, and the farmhouses and grounds look as though their owners were prosperous. The cows are fed largely on hay and ensilage in the cold weather. The grain they consume is mostly bought and ship ped from farther south in the corn coun try. Still the great sweet corn canning industry of Maine yields a quantity of first class fodder, none of which is wasted. “How does the milk you get pan out in butter fat?” I asked the manager. “It is all the way from 3% to 5 per cent.,” he answered. “It will average steadily 4 per cent.” He finds that they have been able to grade up the richness of the milkin that part of Maine decidedly in the years they have run the creamery. The grad ing up has been done by the admixture of Jersey blood into the farm dairy, a very visible admixture indeed it has proved in this case. The constant en deavor has also been to educate the pa trons to be more cleanly and careful in the treatment of the milk. It comes in every day by the carload in great tin cans, each can having a slip attached with the sender’s name. The creamery supplies the cans, finding that way most satisfactory. Each farmer’s milk is tried by the Babcock test. If any man’s product does not come up to the standard fixed by the creamery he is dropped from the list of patrons. Thus there is an abso lute necessity that the milk shall con tain its right percentage of butter fat. The milk car runs close up alongside the creamery building. The cans are brought inside upon a truck; thence they are lifted bodily up to the vat which con veys the milk to the cream separator. The milk is warmed to about 85 degs. for the separator. The managers also purchase skimmed cream from their patrons ’where such arrangement is made. But they find this, to the truth of W’hich I also testify: The separated cream is smoother and of more even and fine quality than the gathered cream. I believe the time ■will come when all farmers having as many as half a dozen cows will use a separator to get the cream from the milk. The person who could invent a hand separator to fit such a dairy -would Iwive a fortune aud be a benefactor to thb farmer. Such a sepa rator we must and will have. The Portland creamery turns out at present about 1,000 pounds of butter daily. Considerable cream is sold, too, to ice cream makers and hotels. They have three grades of cream, according to richness. For instance the indi vidual who drinks a glass of cream does not want it to be as heavy as if he put it into his coffee. Also the boarding house keeper is profoundly interested in having the cream she furnishes not so rich that it -will injure the digestion. I asked what was done with the milk that was left after the cream was taken from it. I was told that much of it was sold. Perhaps it may be telling tales out of school, but the fact is that much of this skimmed milk everywhere is bought by milk dealers to mix with the honest milk they get from the farmer, and thus make the honest milk pan out a good deal longer and thinner than it other wise would. In fact, here in New York, I myself have thus been imposed on by a rascally dealer, but I knew the difference and stopped the milk. He does not know to this day why 1 stopped it. The Portland creamery proprietors fatten several pigs on the milk they do not sell. But I -wish creamerymen gen erally would take into consideration seriously the matter of fattening people a little more on the buttermilk that they have left. I believe that a money mak ing trade might be built up by every creameryman and butter dairyman sim ply in this matter of buttermilk. It is a royal drink for hot weather, and health ful in both hot and cold weather. The creamerymen at Portland run their machinery with an engine of 15- horse power. They say that their plan: altogether has cost them about $6,000. A considerable amount of this capital, however, is invested in the hundreds of heavy tin cans which they furnish for the farmers to put milk in. They are about to enlarge their building. A new kind of butter worker has also attracted their attention, which they believe will be superior to the present one in use in most creameries. Briefly explained, it Is one that will move over the butter up and down and around vertically instead of in the present horizontal manner. The buttermilk and water will thus have a chance to fall out by gravity par tially. There is not much demand for the sweet cream butter up there. The cream is ripened or soured slightly till it is “just on the turn,” and the mana gers find that butter from it in that con dition is most satisfactory to their pa trons. They stamp the name of the gro ceryman on some of the handsome squares of butter they sell. Eliza Archard Conner. Shortsighted Labor. While the Democrats affected sympa thy for the Homestead workmen, and thereby secured the vote of organized labor, the Democratic machine looks upon organized labor with less respect than ever, and should a strike occur will be just as ready to call out the "troops to impress the fact. Let organized labor ponder over what the results would have been had they joined in with the farm ers and controlled the center from legis lature to electoral college.—Noncon formist. • IN A NUTSHELL. The Silver Question Made Plain to Hon. est Inquirers. In England the parliament has passed an act which decrees that every ounce of gold offered for sale to the Bank of Eng land shall bear a price of £3 17s. 9d. or about $18.66. By our own monetary laws we, the people of the United States, have decreed that 25.8 grains of gold (nine-tenths fine) shall constitute one dol lar or a legal unit of value. Thus, both in England and in the United States, gold has given to it, and imparted by law, a legal, ficticious and arbitrary value, into which the commer cial value has been merged, so that there is no such thing as a true commercial value of gold existing at this day. The gold standard, or unit of value, is then altogether and entirely a “fiat” unit, or dollar. It has been repeatedly stated by those in a position to know that the quantity of gold thus contained in a fiat gold dollar costs to produce, or mine, just about thirty-nine cents, even though such cost is measured by this fiat meas ure, or unit of comparison. Under our former bimetallic policy, when silver was accorded the privilege of unrestricted coinage, the law declared that 412.5 grains of silver (nine-tenth* fine) should be the unit or value, or tho United States dollar. This quantity of silver costs to produce or mine just about seventy cents, such cost being measured by the fiat gold unit of value, but under the present policy, by which silver is practically demonetized, there is no fiat or money value attaching to silver, and there being no demand for it as money, on account of it being denied the privilege or right of free coinage. Silver is actually selling for less than tho cost of production, so far as thd United States is concerned. But silver can be produced in some countries more cheaply than in the United States, and of course the least cost of production regulates the price, so long as the de mand for monetary use is not equal to the production. It will be readily apprehended that there is neither sense nor justice in the parrotlike cry that silver is “worth” only so and so when this “wr>rth” of value is measured by an artificially en hanced unit of value—the fiat gold dol lar. Measured by any and all other com modities, silver bullion will be found to be as “valuable” or worth as much as it was in 1873. —George C. Ward. Isn’t It Funny? The people own and operate the postal system. The people own and operate the judi ciary system. The people own and operate the police system. The people own and operate the fire system. * The people own and operate the army and navy. The people own and operate the streets, highways and bridges. The people own and operate the tax systems. The people own and operate the school systems. The people own and operate the prison systems. The people own and operate the insane systems. The people own and operate the elec* tion systems. But the fool who suggests that the railroad, telegraph, coal and oil systems should be added is too crazy to be allowed to run at large. Funny, ain’t it?—Coni- ~ ing Crisis. 1 J Lessons Learned. Several million voters in this country have learned an important lesson in the campaign just closed, and that is, the Populists can win. There is no longef any question in the matter. The bld excuse of “Oh, I would vote with you, but what’s the use; you can’t do any thing,” is played out. Nobody takes afiy stock in it any more. Every one knows better. Partisan ties are broken. The real era of independence has come, and on every hand men are heard expressing them selves as being with the new movement from now on. They have fully learned that the only way to reform is to begin by reforming their voting. If the elec tion could take place again next week Weaver would be declared elected be* yond a doubt. The lesson has been a dear one, but it is well learned. It will not be forgotten* Now let it be plainly and persistently stated that only by united action will come success, and the victory of 1896 i* already won.—lowa Tribune. ■ _i The Handwriting. Cleveland has delivered three speeches since his election —one before the cham ber of commerce in Wall street at theif annual banquet; one before Henry Vila lard, the railway magnate, at a private reception; the third at a dinner of tho swell Manhattan club. The speeches were well enough worded, nor was the subject matter censurable, but the places and times and auditors were not particu* larly assuring to that large class whd hoped to see a day when a little atten tion would be paid to the great masses and the millionaires given a back seat for awhile. A dinner at Delmonico’s proved fatal to Blaine, and it was at a feast among his courtiers that Belshaz* zar heard his deathknell. Mr. Cleveland might profit by these historic examples. —Nonconformist. Who Is Responsible? Republican editors are now busy ex plaining how it happened. They say it was the McKinley tariff. Well, who has been glorifying the McKinley tariff alt these days? They say the narty has suf* sered also by the outcry against To sum up the whole subject in a few words, the policy of the Republican! party upon all public questions is wrongj and the people have rendered their ver? diet to this effect. I In confessing the causes of their de-i feat they simply confess that they were; endeavoring to perpetuate a policy that is opposed to the interests of the people? In other words, they confess that were wrong and their opponents were right.—Topeka Advocate. Education Is the Thing-. That there is a bitter with every sweet is quire as true as that there is nothing gained without effort; therefore, if re« form principles are ever enacted into laws, we must work to that end; we must continue to undergo privations and make sacrifices till we win. We must educate a majority out of the old into the new party. Present our platform of principles and courteously ask for a can did investigation.