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ICEHOUSES.
How to Build and How to Fill with Feast
Expenditure of tabor and Money.
At an annual convention of lowa
dairymen, reported by The Farmers’Re
view, the subject of icehouses was intro
duced by Professor D. A. Kent. Among
the important points made in his talk
©no was that the sawdust Tor the pack
ing of the ice must be dry to preserve
perfectly the ice. One of the dairymen
present was of the opinion that cut straw
was as good for packing as sawdust, but
this was not agreed to by other men
present.
The question, shape of the icehouse,
was brought up. Professor Kent said
that a square house would preserve the
ice better than a long and narrow
house. This was evident wl>en it was
considered that the square house -would
present less surface to the sun and heat.
In building the -walls of his house he
would set up his studding thirty inches
apart and seal them both inside and out
side. He would then put on building
paper and board again over that. Some
make dead air spaces.
Q. —Would it not be advisable to make
openings at the bottom of those dead
air spaces, so that there would be a cir
culation of air?
A.—No, sir; nothing would be gained
by that.
Q. —What do you consider the best
system for draining an icehouse?
A.—The best system is to have the
icehouse elevated as much as is con
venient, so that there will be a nat
ural tendency of the water to run off.
Then as a sort of floor for the building
lay some 4 by 4 joist very close together
and cover them with sawdust.
Q.—Would a gravel bottom answer
without anything else?
A.—l think not. If you used gravel
as a foundation, you would need to use
sawdust over it, because you would need
the sawdust to act as an insulator for
the ice. I would lay the joist six inches
apart, and when I put in the ice I would
lay each cake up edgewise. I would
leave a space between the whole ice and
the walls of the house, and this I would
fill in with broken pieces of ice and saw
dust.
Q. —Would it not bo policy to build an
octagonal building for the sake of econ
omizing space, material in building and
decreasing surface exposure?
A.—One difficulty about that or a
round house would be in cutting your
blocks of ice to fit it. So far as the sav
ing of expense is concerned to hold, say,
500 tons of ice, the cost is so small as to
be worthy of little consideration. What
must be looked out for is hot air.
Colonel Mower said that one thing
that should bo looked out for particu
larly was fire. He believed it to be a
fact, as reported sometimes, that more
icehouses bum down than of any other
class of buildings. The reason for this
must be connected with the sawdust or
straw and spontaneous cpinbustion. He
believed the only rule for building ice
houses to be the rule of common sense.
Drain well, keep out hot air, and with
proper packing of the ice the question
was solved.
Statements Interesting to Agriculturists.
Secretary Rusk in his last annual re
port calls attention to an important re
sult in the work of the division of en
tomology in the discovery of the eggs
of the American ox bot, and the con
firmation of the theory that the young
maggots do not burrow directly into the
skin, but find their way to the points
from which they emerge when full
grown by means of the mouth, the esoph
agus and the subcutaneous tissues of
cattle. The interesting fact is also set
tled that the ox bot fly of Europe does
not occur in this country.
Investigations of the bollworm make
it appear that trap crops may be used
practically with the best results.
The work in apiculture includes sev
eral important experiments in the evap
oration of honey by artificial apparatus
tending to prove that this can be done
profitably; experiments in planting for
honey showing that this process does not
pay; the feeding of extracted honey for
the production of comb honey, and sev
eral others of almost equal importance.
Tiie experience of the department in
the sugar industry for the last year con
firms former reports and shows that do
mestic sugar can be produced with profit
to the grower of the crop and to the
manufacturer, provided that the con
ditions of culture and manufacture in
sisted on by the department are secure.
Mulching; Wheat.
An Ohio farmer writes to The Rural
New Yorker as follows: “A year ago
last spring I mulched some wheat very
thinly with straw early in March. The
effect was decidedly injurious. Three
years ago last fall I mulched with straw
the next day after drilling, and the effect
seemed beneficial. This conclusion was
reached from appearances and not from
actual test by weight and measure. My
judgment is that my straw will give
more profit if used for bedding stock,
or exchanged for manure in the town
two miles away, or if what I cannot use
for bedding is sold and the money spent
for clover seed. I am loath, however, to
sell straw woless lean purchase manure.”
THE BUSINESS HEN.
Breeds for Farmers Who Care More for Per
formance Than for Outward Appearance.
Ornamental poultry, the value of which
depends so largely upon the color and
markings, finds its patrons among fan
ciers and amateur farmers of means. It
is the business hen that meets the re
quirements of the great majority, the
class that wants meat and eggs at the
smallest possible expenditure of time,
labor and money. In the interest of
would be poultry farmers who care more
for performance than for outward ap
pearance the Rural Publishing company
issued Mr. H. W. Collingwood's poultry
book bearing the significant title, “The
Business Hen.”
In this book much is said about the
Leghorns. This, explains Mr. Colling
wood, is because the Leghorns happened
to be doing the work on the majority of
successful egg farms that he had investi
gated, and Mr. Collingwood evidently
has a decided preference for the “laying
hen.” In a special article incorporated
in Mr. Collingwood's book by Mr. P. H.
Jacobs occurs the following, which an
swers more or Jess directly numerous
PEOPLE’S PARTY PAPER, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 6. 1893.
queries as lb winch, is the most profits
bio fowl:
No particular breed possesses all the
desirable qualities necessary to perfec
tion, but each is adapted to certain
climates, soils and modes of manage
ment. The best breed depends upon
the purposes for which it is intended,
the distance from market, the range,
the fences and the color of its carcass
when dressed. The Minorcas, claimed
to be better layers than the Leghorns,
are also considered hardy and are likely
to become favorites. The games, though
not up to the average as layers, in pro
portion to weight possess less offal and
more breast meat than any other breed
and stand at the head for the table.
Crossed on large Asiatic hens, the game
produces the finest of market poultry,
while the choicest capons are the result
of a Dorking cock and Asiatic hen.
The breeds best adapted to the north
west are Brahmas and Cochins, the for
mer being perhaps the better layers*
When there is a good market for poultry
and eggs the Wyandottes and the Plym
outh Rocks are excellent if they have
outdoor exercise. In the east, or where
the wunters are not as severe as in the
northwest, the American or Spanish
breeds may be used, and the Asiatics
are not out of place. On wet soils avoid
feathered legs. Where there is much
rain in the spring crested breeds suffer.
There are but few breeds that cannot be
adapted to the eastern and middle states.
The best breeds for the southern states
are the Leghorns for eggs and the Plym
outh Rocks and Wyandottes for mar
ket, as the winters are mild, and these
breeds, being active, have a long season
for foraging. When one is not partial
to the keeping of breeds in their purity
many advantages may be secured by
crossing, providing pure bred males only
are used for the purpose.
How to Feed for Eggs.
Hens kept for eggs should, be so fed
that they can produce them. Lime in
some form should be provided for the
production of the ’ shell. Most grains
contain some lime, but actual experi
ment has proved the wisdom of the
practice of poultry keepers in feeding
oyster shells to the fowls. Those fed
with oyster shells lay better shelled
eggs and more of them than those
which have been denied this article of
diet. The white of the egg is pure al
bumen, and to produce a large number
of eggs the hen must assimilate a large
amount of albumen. Foods, therefore,
which contain albumen, lean meat or
scraps, a little linseed meal, oats and
the like should be fed, says American
Agriculturist, which adds:
The yolk contains some oil and indi
cates the need of some carbonaceous
food. Indeed carbon is needed to pro
duce the force necessary to sustain and
support the hen in manufacturing her
product. Indian corn and wheat are
useful to use in connection with other
foods. Hens fed for eggs should be fur
nished with all the elements necessary
for the support of life and the produc
tion of the eggs, and will lay much bet
ter than those which are fed at hap
hazard and with no systematic attempt
to furnish well balanced rations for egg
laying.
Rearing Queen Cells.
The subject of queen cells came up
for consideration at the Chicago bee
convention. J. A. Green told that he
had used the Doolittle method of rearing
queen cells and secured the best results.
This method consists in transferring
small larvae and a small portion of royal
jelly to embryo queen cells, and then
placing the prepared cells in a queenless
colony or in the upper story of one
having a queen excluder between the
two stories. He had tried the Alley
plan, but did not like it so well.
Agricultural Brevities.
The advice often given to plant peach,
pear or other fruit trees in an apple
orchard is bad advice. Keep the peach,
pear, quince and apple trees in separate
orchards, since they all require different
treatment and will not thrive together.
Some people won’t believe this, but it is
true nevertheless, says the Philadelphia
Farm Journal.
An Illinois exchange tells that there*
has been erected in Peoria, Ills., a plant
to manufacture oil from the germ of
corn. There are such mills in Italy,
France and Hungary, and the oil made
by them is used in the manufacture of
fine soap. The part of the corn not
yielding oil is made into glucose.
An account of an experiment in
which plots used for cabbages, peas, car
rots, sweet corn and potatoes were
plowed to a depth of three, six or nine
inches is given in a bulletin from the
Utah station. In the case of peas the
shallowest plowing gave the best results;
in tiie other cases the deepest plowing.
France is claimed to be the greatest
egg and poultry producing country in the
world, the value of eggs alone amounting
to §175,000,000 annually.
Improving the Mind.
Do all women find a little time each day
for reading something good? By good is
meant broadening. Ten minutes a day
makes hours in a year, and it means a
growth of the mind that keeps a woman
young, means more than the ab
sence of years. It means living in the pres
ent and keeping abreast of the times.
Women need to do this. It is a duty owed
to themselves and to their families, and
she who buries herself in cooking, frills
and follies commits a Sin. Only that which
we assimilate as part of the mind is eternal,
and it is the only treasure we carry into
that life beyond that awaits us all.
All other things are but the frame; the
real, the priceless is that which becomes a
part of us, a poem today over which we
think, a sentence tomorrow which makes
duty clearer, a little here and there, and
our minds are growing richer, our lives
are broadening and helping others to reach
out for the best.—St. Louis Star-Sayings.
A But.
Old Discipline—Johnny, suppose I prom
ised you a stick of candy and did not give
it to you. What would you think?
Young Three-year-old (promptly)—That
you had told a story, papa.
Old Discipline—Well, suppose I should
promise you a whipping and do not give it
to you?
Young Hopeful (doubtfully)—Papa—I—
dess—that—would-be—a—story, too, but
I t’ink Dod would forgive you.—Harper’s
Bazar.
Remembers Him.
Foe days he sought for lines to show
His feelings in some slight degree.
And then with*in her album wrote,
"When this you see, remember me.”
She said she would, and now they are
Imbedded in her memory’s bump.
For every time she views the page
She softly murmurs, “What a chump!”
—liaw York Herald.
WINTER BUTTER.
Taking Care of the Cows That Give Milk
to Make It.
Which is better, to take your milk to
a creamery whose butter sells for thirty
cents per pound and above, or to manu
facture it at home and get twenty-five
cents therefor? If you think best to make
the butter at home, why not adopt the
creamery plan and get the creamery
price?
Listen attentively to all that you hear
in the institutes this winter in regard to
dairying. If you wish to reject any of
the sentiments as unpractical, that is
your privilege, but the bulk of the insti
tute talk is golden grain that you can
not afford to throw away.
Ordinary cows do not yield butter in
winter that has a natural golden hue
deep enough to satisfy the buyer’s eye,
so it is expedient that a little commer
cial color be added to the cream.
The amount of work entailed through
the winter care of cows depends on how
you begin in the fall. If you do not
make a thorough preparation, and then
carry out an organized plan, you will
find the care of cows very laborious and
the result unsatisfactory.
Have the stable warm, keep the cows
bedded from the start and clean the
droppings from the stable at least once
a day, and you have reduced the time to
be afterward spent in keeping the ani
mals clean and comfortable to a mini
mum. There is always less real work
about taking care of milk animals prop
erly than there is in the neglectful, slov
enly way, where a general digging out
becomes imperative after a length of
time.
During this open winter weather do
not commit the mistake of turning your
meadows into a barnyard for the cattle.
Thousands of dairymen in the past have
been making just such grave mistakes,
and, what is worse, they are still contin
uing in the error. The grass crop of
1892 will suffer thereby, and the winter
milk. flow of this present season will be
curtailed by the bad practice. Then
why continue a custom so replete with
damage to the dairy interests?
If you use a thermometer in the house
to gauge the temperature of the living
room by, why not hang one in the cow
stable and give it a casual glance now
and then? The little quicksilver tube
would give you some telling points on
the comfortable or uncomfortable condi
tion of the stable.
The dairyman who derives the least
benefit from his straw is the one who
stacks it out in the barnyard and al
lows the cows to run to it all winter.
It would do them far more good as dry,
warm bedding in a tight stable than as
browse from a stack on a cold, windy
day. A cutting machine will put straw
in a condition to be mixed with chopped
clover hay, or with bran or meal, and
form a valuable djet for cows.
Don’t drive the cows out two or three
times a day to drink ice cold water.
They need the water, but its freezing
temperature and their exposure to winter
blasts are contrary to their comfort and
profit. This with great force to
cows that are in milk at this period of
the year. If you seek profit from winter
dairying, give your cows all of the water
that they will drink at a temperature as
far above freezing, but below 70 degs,,
as you can secure. Water that can be
made-to run into the warm stable an
swers the purpose admirably. This gen
erally can be done with less expense and
trouble than by artificial heating.
Don’t trust an inexperienced hand to
take care of your dairy because it is
winter and you can get his help by giv
ing him his board. It wouldn’t be any
wonder if it would be the most costly
board bill in the end that you ever paid.
—George E. Newell in American Culti
vator.
Dairy and Creamery.
About this time of year the humped
up milk cow is to be seen shivering
against the south side of a straw stack
w’ith the icicles hanging to her coat.
Her owner ought to be forced to take
that course of treatment for his health
aw’hile.
If you have some money left over this
winter after paying all your debts, don’t
put it out on interest till you look
around and see whether you have a good
barn and good warm quarters for your
live stock, not even excepting the colts
and dry cattle.
The English language is ransacked to
find sweet scented, sweet sounding
names for just plain, coarse, common
oleomargarine.
A man w r ho investigated it says that a
cream separator will get half a pound
more butter to the hundred pounds of
milk than the best method of cream
raising will do.
Once in a great while there comes a
cow that cannot by any known means
be dried off from giving milk. Ordina
rily, however, the most persistent milker
can be dried up by leaving a little of the
milk in her udder at each milking. The
philosophy of it is that so long as there
is milk in the udder the glands that se
crete the fluid will not be excited to pro
duce more. Giving the cow dry feed
also tends to lessen the milk flow’.
The Holstein-Friesian association of
America reports that it is not possible
to get a sufficient number of cows of
that breed to take the tests at the
World’s fair next year. The cow’s are to
be kept at the exposition grounds six
months, and owners who value their
stock at high prices w’ill not take the
risks of leaving the animals at the show
grounds. The association will, however,
offer valuable additional premiums for
Holstein-Friesians exhibited in the live
stock department o.f the fair. But the ;
favorite Holsteins w’ill undoubtedly lose .
ground in America by this failure to
show.
Made muffs are de rigueur either in
cloth, plush or fur, but for dressy occa
sions they are all very much trimmed.
A Judicious Expenditure.
Little Hilda, six years old, asked her
mother one morning for five cents to buy
some pencils for school.
At noon she made the same request.
“What did you do with the money I gave
you this morning?” asked her mother.
“Why. mamma, I’ll tell you,” said the
little miss. “I fell in the mud and 1 feltso
bad I had to have some tomfort, an I spent
that five cents for Hilda.”—Detroit Free
Press.
, WOMAN’S WORLD
WOMEN BRAVER THAN MEN IN THE
FACE OF DANGER.
Woman Suffrage Abroad —Taxation With
out Representation—About the Choice
Presents—Men’s Idea of Womanliness.
Bints About Dress.
The thrilling story of the deadly peril
of the unfortunate German steamship,
the Spree, has been brought here in all
its awful details by the passengers who
arrived on the Etruria within the week.
It will be remembered how, after the
shaft of the great liner broke and the
stern compartments filled with water,
the ship laid for two days rolling in the
trough of the sea m momentary danger of
sinking. Even after being taken in tow
by the Huron the danger was by no
means averted. It was the first hours of
awful peril of instant death that most
tried the heroism of the passengers, and
in that terrible period and the subse
quent long suspense the women dis
played more fortitude than the men.
This is the unanimous testimony of those
who have arrived safely, as given in the
papers.
One of the statements runs as follows:
“Os the many hundred people on board
expecting the ship to sink every mo
ment there were only a few who lost,
their heads or showed cowardice, and of
these few the majority, shame to say,
were men. These few showed all the
weaknesses of cowards. They wept and
cursed and made a rush for life pre
servers. They held on to those which
they secured and even slept on them.”
Rev. Dwight L. Moody says:
“It is absolutely true that the women
were calmer and braver than many of
the male passengers.”
Mrs. Blanche Moeller corroborates
these statements. She says:
When the lifeboats and rafts were
being made ready the women demon
strated more courage than the men.
Many of the men, as soon as the crash
came, seized the nearest life preserver
and thought only of their own deliver
ance. They also clung to them during
the entire two days of trial and carried
them -wherever they -walked. The
women, on the other hand, in many
cases walked calmly around*the boat
without a life preserver, and when the
boat began to sink they made it known
that they thought more of the welfare of
others than they did of themselves. —
New York Letter in Boston Woman’s
Journal.
I Woman Suffrage Abroad.
! Millions of intelligent women in the
United States will be interested in the
woman’s suffrage movement that is now
place in England and in France.
In London woman’s suffrage and wom
an's work are questions that are being
pushed to the front, and it is reported
that a woman’s suffrage bill will shortly
be introduced into the house of com
mons. In fact it is the intention of Vis
count Wolmer, who is a Liberal Union
ist and member for the west division of
Edinburgh, to do so, and it is thought
that the bill will receive 150 votes from
Conservative and Liberal members.
It is true that Mr. James Stuart, who
who is a member of parliament and who
presided at the Woman’s Suffrage soci
ety, which met in London lately, took a
wet blanket view of the prospect and did
not hold forth jnuch hope of the bill be
iixg paeeod. Ho pniixtftd out that sine®
the exclusion of the Right flon. James
Stansfield from the ministry there was
actually no one in the Liberal govern
ment who could be relied upon to advo
cate the cause of woman’s suffrage as it
ought to be advocated; that there was no
member of the party who could abso
lutely be depended upon. He might
have added that since the death of John
Stuart Mill no one has arisen in Great
Britain capable of espousing the cause
with such invincible logic and stirring
eloquence as that remarkable thinker.
About the very same time when this
question is being urged in London the
advocates of woman’s rights in Paris
have been represented by an association
known as “La Solidarito des Femmes.”
This association intends to petition the
chamber of deputies to so amend the
bill of arbitration’now under discussion
that in the.same question relating to
women women shall be the arbitrators.
This is going a great way in the direc
tion of giving to women those privileges
for which a highly intelligent proportion
of their sex has long been battling.—
New York Home Journal.
Taxation Without Representation.
It will not be fotgotten by those who
are trying to change the constitution of
New York by a legislative measure of
justice to women that some idea of the
amount of unrepresented taxation may
be gained from the “List of American
Millionaires,” published this year in the
New York Tribune, and also in pam
phlet form, carefully corrected.
The number of millionaires in New
York city, whose names are given, is
1,108. Os these 181 are women. This
means much less than $181,000,000 of
taxation without representation, for
many of these Women are owners of
many millions. One is mentioned as
having inherited $40,000,000 from her
husband. Mrs. Hetty Green is another,
who inherited millions from her father,
millions from her aunt, and who has in
creased her millions enormously by ju
dicious investments and by the strictest
economic methods. No one can guess
the number of her millions. It would
be very safe to say that $500,000,000 of
property is owned in New York city by
women, who are taxed for this enormous
sum every year, and who are totally un
represented among those who have the
spending of these taxes —taxes of which
the most ignorant foreigner and the most
ignorant native may have the disposal.
This estimate has been very carefully
made and carefully revised and correct
ed for another purpose, but it might
serve as an object lesson for those who
think that because many women have
husbands and fathers and brothers who |
look after their interests there is no
need for women to have the ballot—for
getting that in this republic every citizen
should have equal rights with every
other citizen, and that no one should be
deprived of those rights except for in
fancy, idiocy, insanity, imbecility or
criminal conduct.—Sarah Freeman in
Woman’s Journal.
About the Choice of Presents.
“I’m always sorry,” commented a wo
man the other day, “to see the crowds
around the handkerchief counters at
Christmas time. I’m reminded of a dear
old aunt of mine, whom I once asked, as
I -was saying goodby before going on a
journey, what I should bring her. ‘Any-
filing, 'my dear,' she replied, with a
twinkle of her shrewd blue eyes; ‘any
thing but handkerchiefs. I have all of
those I shall ever need.’ And she opened
a bureau drawer to show piles of neatly
stacked squares growing yellow with dis
use.
“People in a quandary for a small gift
fall back on the handkerchief prop, to
the disappointment, I’m sure, of nine
tenths of the recipients. I’m a stanch
believer myself in the frivolity of Christ
mas. I try to make my gifts bits of in
congruous extravagance to those who re
ceive them. I once sent a box of expen
sive toilet soap in a lovely satin finished
box to a poor, plain old maid who lived
alone and made boys’ trousers for a liv
ing. The notion was suggested to me by
a chance use at my house of a perfumed
cake whose fragrance, clinging to her
hands, she commented on in a pleased
way. Months afterward she told me
nothing had ever done her more good
than that box of soap. I believed her.
She couldn’t express it, but its use con
served a certain aroma of dainty living
about her that probably helped her
through tedious days.
“The true spirit and dignity of Christ
mas to me are the uplifting, for one glad
hour of the year, of these groveling souls
of ours, in pursuance of which belief I
bought this year a copy of Tennyson, in
the daintiest binding I can find, for a ro
mantic young woman of my acquaint
ance, who, I am sure, needs stockings.”
—Her Point of View in New York Times.
Men’s Idea of Womanliness.
The Listener could forgive women, in
view of the history of the sex in our civi
lization, for so long believing themselves
to be intellectually and physically infe
rior to men, but he findsit hard to under
stand why, in the light of the intuitive
sense which has certainly always been a
characteristic of their sex, women did
not all along perceive that what they
were calling “womanly qualities” were
simply men's notions of womanly qualities
—simply the ways in women which
pleased men because they flattered their
strength and confessed their authority.
No doubt there are certain ways of ac
tion which may be said to be fit for and
appropriate to women and certain other
ways which are properly characteristic of
men only, but to ascertain what these
ways and characteristics really are one
must go a little deeper than the conven
tional notions of one sex with regard to
the other, especially when those notions
are clearly traceable to the vanities of
either.
This old notion about the unwomanli
ness of abounding physical vigor, and es
pecially of athletic proficiency in women,
is an illustration. Because certain men
—say a majority of men —liked to see
women’s dependence upon men always
confessed, and consequently regarded
pallor, weakness, tears, wasp waists,
slightly stooping shoulders and infantile
simplicity as appropriate to women, it
came to pass that women at length re
garded real physical excellence as un
womanly! Well, having got over this
delusion, and having begun to take in the
idea that their own notions as to what is
womanly may be quite as good a guide
as men’s, there is no telling what further
transformations may take place.—Bos
ton Transcript.
A Woman and Her Money.
Here is a short story from a French
newspaper: When Mme. Boudin, cook
in the service of a doctor named Four
nier, in the ancient town of Soissons.
won a prize of 200,000 francs in connec
tion with the city of Paris loan in 1883,
she thought she was the happiest woman
in the world. Subsequent events have
led her to modify this new to some de
gree. To begin with, she had a husband
who had deserted her, and who, directly
he heard of the strange turn of fortune’s
wheel, tried to avail himself of the de
ficiencies of French law, which knows
no married women’s property act, to ob
tain the sum for his own sole and exclu
sive benefit. Then another claimant
turned up in the person of a former em
ployer of Mme. Boudin, a M. Dogny.
The winning certificate, he said, belonged
in reality to him. He had bought one,
he said, for her, but it was another one,
and his wife had handed her the wrong
document.
The woman’s husband having died, his
heirs agreed to accept one-half the prize,
while M. Dogny agreed to compromise
his claim for 30,000 francs. This left
70,000 francs for Mme. Boudin, with in
terest, for the litigation had gone on for
years. Even now, however, the law
courts have not done with the matter,
for M. Dogny has just been arrested on
a charge of making a fraudulent claim,
while a lawyer named Mougin is being
prosecuted for embezzling 15,000 francs
of the share belonging to the heirs of
Mme. Boudin’s husband.
Drossing Up Young Boys.
“I do not at all like this modern fash
ion of incasing a child’s legs in stiff leg
gings,” said an old fashioned mother.
“It cannot fail to destroy freedom of mo
tion and must consequently more or less
impede the circulation. The discarded
woolen leggings were far preferable in
my opinion, but best of all are warm
hand knitted stockings without any leg
gings at all. Everything about the child’s
clothing should be as warm and light as
possible. Young mothers are very apt
to incase their little ones like mummies,
putting on additional layers of clothing
when they go out of doors and making
them so unwieldy that they can hardly
walk, much less romp and play.
“Instead of taking the trouble to
change the ordinary house garments for
thicker ones of the same number an ad
ditional heavy flannel garment is drawn
on, into which everything about the up
per part of the legs is stuffed, while
from the knees down stiff leggings com
plete this modem suit of armor with
which mothers seem to endeavor to stunt
the growth of their children. If every
intelligent parent would study this ques
tion of clothing young children and re
ducing quantity, weight and compres
sion while insuring warmth and ade
quate protection, I am convinced that
there would be fewer delicate children
Jtnd far less danger during the winter of
colds and respiratory troubles.” —Phila-
delphia Times.
Forty years ago Oberlin admitted An
toinette Brown and Lettice Smith to
study in its theological department, an
innovation so radical that even liberal
Oberlin, whose charter secured to women
the right to study in all its departments,
was fearful of results.
To celebrate the christening of her
only daughter and her own thirty-fourth
birthday the empress of Germany gave
100 sets of baby clothing to the maternity
homes in the empire.
FOR LITTLE FOLKS.
Minding the Baby.
The accompanying picture is from ths
book entitled “The Children of the
Poor,” written by Jacob A. Riis. The
illustration is made from a photograph
and depicts a scene common in the poor
er quarters of the great city of New
York. Both father and mother are
away at work, trying to earn a living
for themselves and their little ones, and
the baby is left all day to the care of its
brother, who is not more than eigidj
years old himself.
.f I
■ 1(1 i (111
<3™ IB®
Mr. Riis, in his investigations among
the poor of New York, came across hun
dreds of cases much more sorrowful
than the one here illustrated. What he
tells in his book about the hardships of
the children of the poor should make the
little boys and girls who have comforta
ble homes very thankful that their lives
have been cast in such pleasant places,
and at the same time it should make
them feel as if they want to do some
thing to brighten the lives of the unfor
tunate little ones upon whom poverty
has laid its cold hand.
Blind Rats.
Stories are often told of the kindness
of animals to those of their companions
that are blind. Dogs and cats and
horses and cows will lead their comrades
away to their food or bring it to them,
and the smaller animals also seem able
to understand that the helpless are to bo
cared for. Not long ago an English
watchman in a warehouse saw two rats
moving slowly along close to the base
ment wall. The other rats had quickly
scampered away at a slight noise that ho
made, but these were side by side and
hurried along in a clumsy manner. He
turned the bullseye of his lantern full
upon them and saw that each rat held
one end of a straw in its mouth. The
movements of one showed that it was
blind.—“ Our Animal Friends.”
Saved by a Faithful Dog.
The other morning a number of chil
dren were playing on the towing path of
the Thames near Barnes railway bridge,
England, when a girl fell into the water.
A gentleman happened to be passing at
the time with a large retriever dog, and
being himself unable to swim at onco
persuaded the animal to jump into the
river to the girl’s rescue. The dog
seized the child by the dress, and not
withstanding the strong current caused
by the receding tide succeeded in hold
ing the girl above water for some min
utes, until a waterman had put off tn his
boat, when the animal released his llold.
The child was brought -ashore by the
waterman in an unconscious condition,
but she quickly recovered.
Hew Swiss Children Go to Sleep.
The Swiss people are very artistic in
their tastes, and even the poorest Swiss
is neat and tasteful in his home life.
Many of the ways of the Swiss are as
pretty as their fanciful ideas of building
houses. A Swiss mother believes that
her child will have bad dreams unless it
is crooned to sleep. And so, bending
low over the drowsy little one’s couch,
she sings soothing songs of green paa*
tures and still waters until the littl®
child has breathed itself peacefully into,
the land of Nod.—New York Ledger*
Three Polite Tittle Girls.
A gentleman who offered his seat th®
other day to one of three little girls who
were standing in an elevated railroad
car had the unexpected pleasure of pro
viding seats for all of them. Two of th®
little girls squeezed in side by side be
tween the arms of the seat, and the third
sat upon the laps of the other two, and
when they were all comfortably seated
the gentleman received as a reward for
his politeness a combined smile from thia*
small but animated human pyramid-—.
New York Sun.
The Snowball Battle.
Winter sport has now begun;
Snowball battles are the fun;
Fast and thick the snow shot fly;
Both sides for the vict’ry try.
The besieged in snowy strife
Battle fiercely for dear life;
’Tis a most good natured fray; *
Friend and foe are but in play.
When at last the battle’s done.
What’s the odds which side has w on?
—Christian at Work.
The woman fortunate enough to pos
sess handsome emeralds is in great good
fortune, not only because the brilliant
stones promise speedily to become very
much used in jewelry, but also because
their value is liable to increase even be
yond that of diamonds.
For very cold weather lined gloves
edged with fur are the correct thing.
They aro now lined so skillfully as to fit
as v ell as any glove. There is a great
deal of warmth in these gloves, and
women who go out in cold weather will
find them a great comfort. .
A