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FOREIGN.
___J>-ForAr, Nov. 3.—On tlie first of Octobtr
•fhe-entire military force in Ireland consisted *d
.1 jpeven regiments of cavalry, and 25 of infantry,
•exclusive of artillery.
The African corsairs are again beginning to
spread alarm throughout the Mediterranean by
their depredations. The following is an article
from Rome on the subject, of the 27th ult: “ We
have received advice from Flumicino, of the 2d
ult. which states, that a Barbary pirate had cha
sed an Italian vessel,and had at length come up
with her. The Kalian after fighting for an hour
was compelled to strike her colours. She made
si|Mls to vessels to seek shelter in the different
|im to avoid these marauders.”
On the 25th of September, a Special Commission
was opened at Derby, for the trial of forty-one
persons, who were in confinement, in the jails of
Derby and Nottingham, upon the charge of Trea
son.
It appears “ that the court of Russia has ob-
-tained of the court of Austria the prohibition of
tbe export of every species of ammunition for the
use of the Insurgents of South America.—The
court of Russia is likewise occupied with a pro
ject for engaging all the powers in Europe to take
rigorous measures against pirates, including the
insurgent privateers of South America. A Rus
sian squadron is to proceed to Tunis to obtain sat
isfaction for an insult to the Russian flag.”
The Courier of Sept. 20th mentions thnt let
ters from the manufacturing districts of York
shire & Lanca9tershire, represent the orders for the
different goods to be so extensive that they can
not be executed with the despatch which the mer
chants require.
The Courier of Sept. 30th says, that the emi
gration from Europe to the U. States is estimated
at one thousand weekly.
The Bristol Journal < i Sept. 28th says—“ It is
an undoubted fact, and forms at this time, a gene
ral topic of remark, that for the last fifteen years,
there never have been so many orders given and
purebases made, not only from the manufacturers
who attend this market from distant towns, but
from the large wholesale ware-houses regularly
established in this city, as during the period of the
last three weeks. The abundant harvest, the re
duction of the poors’ rate, the employment of the
artisan and manufacturer, have all tended to give
life and energy to oOr home trade : and the hat
ter, the hosier, the wholesale linen and cotton
ware-house men, the hardware, tin and iron mer
chants, have their porters aud their packers full
of employment.”
•Tb&American9 (says a London paper) have re-
duc'edth'eir naval force upon the lakes, to the same
scale as ours ; but the exertions with which they
are cutting roads in the directions of those waters,
felling timber, and preparing it as knees, bcnd9,
&.c. for vessels of war, are circumstauccs which
excite some attention.
MANIFESTO TO AN IMPARTIAL WORLD.
Since God created the universe, or this huge a-
'bode of mortals, from which period we reckon an
interval of more than six thousand years, there
have"been revolutions which have afflicted it-with
the destruction of the human species. Venezuela
occupies the last page in this dismal history. On
18th April, of the year 1810,she tuned the sacred
hymn of her-einan^f
markable periods,
a.tJl in oiiu squadron proceeded t .wards Mnlirin;
and the island fluctuating alone, in the middle of
dangers, blockaded at that time by two corvettes
anil five brigs, uod threatened by a fresh naval
force, far from desponding, confirmed the oath of
the 17th November; when with only fourteen
muskets, she defeated in ten pitched battles, the
formidable hosts of gen. Murillo. Three thou
sand republicans, whom the world lias admired
for their bravery, are this day with arms in their
hands, determined to repel with undaunted vigor
the attacks of tyranny. Margarita will be re
duced to ashes, but site shall not be enslaved.—
The enemy have sworn her destruction, and it
appears that she will soon have to walk throu
the glorious field of Mars. She calls to the un
prejudiced nations, once more to fix their eyes
upon her, and to be the spectators of this new and
interesting scene, which shall nut less excite
their admiration, than that which has diffused
fear, terror, and confusion among those who swore
to enthral her.
Great and generous nations.' suffer not the pha
lanxes of our invaders to complete their baneful
purposes—to destroy the peaceful inhabitants of
Margarita. Have compulsion, ye men of the pre
sent age, on a small city, which lias given to the
world sublime les-ous of civic virtues, and if by
your generosity, she should be enabled to stand
this glorious trial, she swears before heaven and
earth, that.tlie wise and valorous Greece, were
it now to exist in the full meridian of its funner
glory, which had attracted the admiration of the
world, it should doubtless envy the great sacrifices
which the illustrious defenders of Margarita have
been known to offer to the hallowed shrine of li
berty, erected by the new world in the nineteenth
century. Margarita, 19 th June, 1817.
TOPOGRAPHICAL.
Same notices of
tit
of the, City of New-Orleans and of
he State of Louisiana.
TCIK TUG REFLRCTOH.
ar£ipation, and among other re-
8i*lie strugglesagainst the strong
est concussions to obtain it. Glorious journies—
brilliant and distinguished conflicts are irrefraga-
ble proofs of Venezuelan valor. The island of
Margarita, one of the principal and complete
parts of the confederated states, reared likewise
the standard of honor, and walked upon the tracks
of her fellow-citizens. On the 4th of May of the
same year, he deposed with the greatest modera
tion the Spanish commander; the same who at
the entrance of Monteverde, in Caracas, had been
.commissioned to afflict in the prisons of Puerto
■Cabello, among other Americans, the natives ol
Margarita. Cartliagena supported the cause of,
■Venezuela in the year 1815—and a leader chosen
by tbe suffrages of the people, marched forward
to break asunder the chains of his oppressed bre
thren. They all blessed the work of their libera
tor, but in opening a new campaign, this same
■people was doomed again to suffer mournful vieia-
-situdes ;—their unfortunate emigration, witness
ed by the winward islands, presents one of the
most melancholy pictures of honest families brea
thing by the mercy «f foreign nations, whose ge
nerosity is stamped in the heart of every good A-
anerican.
If Providence, casting an eye of compassion
•on their sufferings, should one day grant them the
well deserved-chart of their liberty, that they may
have a government of their own to secure and
protect the sacred rights of man, they shall by
-distinguished benefits requite the religious hospi
tality, which has been afforded to them by these
friendly colonies.
The circle of their revolution is not yet closed.
This furious volcano is still emitting dreadful
flames—The Independents are ambitious of their
liberty—they demajid to hold a seat among, na
tions ; death cannot discourage them—they look
Upon him asa relief from ignominy. Notwithstand
ing these liberal ideas there are degenerated A-
mericans, who stooping servilely before the false
idols of Iberia, have caused innumerable -evils to
(the soil which gave them birth. Against these only
are directed the pointed steel of the freemen—
their names'arc, by an unanimous voice, erased
from tlie number of beings who beautify nature.
To conquer or die is the alternative of the chil
dren Of the GreatColumbia ; although struck by'
•a panic some of the eastern people, have lately
Separated from the coalition, while Margarita, a-
tnid the hazards of war, looked up to them fora
brave defence of their country.
The city of CariucofelL, in a manner not to be
conceived,.and her disorder* may infect the ad
jacent countries. To preserve that union, on
Which so highly depends the safety of the states,
Margarita received in her bosom the supreme go
vernment of Venezuela, convoked hy gen. Ma
lian—but on tbe Slst of May last, 12 days after
Mr. Hines,—l havejust received a letter from
an intelligent friend nowin New-Orleans, of which
the following is an extract, aud believing that tbe
information it contains will be interesting to your
readers, I send it to you lor publication. R. ft. S.
Augusta, Nov. 20, 1817.
Scientific k Literary Intelligence,
Just published *• Observations on tbe Geology
of tbe United Stifles,” by Wm. M’Clure. The
following extracts refer to that tract of country,
part of which has been lately exposed to sale by
our government, and will probably bo acceptable
to our readers :
•• 1 bat part -of this state (Georgia) which lies
upon the declivity of the Alleganv mountains,
sheltered to tlie south from northerly winds, and
open to the mild temperature of the south and
south-west breezes, ought to be, and indeed is, one
of the most moderate climates of the U. States
in a great measure free from the sudden and vio
lent changes of heat and.cold, produced by the
free circulation of those two opposite currents of
air from the north and south, bringing along with
them temperature of the opposite climates from
whence they come. It may likewise be consider
ed as a climate more congenial to the growth of
plants from the south of Europe, such as the vine
and the olive, than any situation north of it in the
United States.” p. 116.
“ That part of this district (Mississippi territo
ry) which lies on the declivity of the hills towards
the south, protected from the wind, and open to
wards the south, will most probably enjoy an e-
qual ami moderate climate : and, like tlie part of
Georgia.in a similar situation, it will be favorable
to tlie production of the vine and olive.”
Professor Moricchini, of Rome, having discov
ered tlie magnetizing power of the violet rays of
prismatic spectrum, the marquis Rhlolsi has suc
ceeded in magnetizing two needles, the one ill 30,
the other in 40 minutes, and can now charge with
the magnetic powers, by tlm same process as ma
ny needles as he pleases. The needle thus mag
netized (namely, by directing on a^d passing o-
ver them, for a period of not less than thirty min
utes, the violet rays of the spectrum, through the
medium of a condensing lens) possess nil the en
ergy and properties of needles magnetized in a
common way by means of a loadstone. Thei
homrniomous piles repel, while the heteronomous
poles attract each other ; and made to vibrate on
a pivot, their points turn constantly to the north,
their heats to the south ! This adtls to the won
ders of magnetism, and must be regarded as a
very extraordinary discovery.
A proposal lias been made in a letter addre6sed
to tlie corporation of Hull to light the whole ol
STATE LEGISLATOR!
A* •stablislimeut, it withdrew from Margarita, now edited with scissors.”
“ To persons who desire to make rapid fortunes
the State of Louisiana affords the best prospect of
gratifying their wishes- The lawyer and tlie doc-,
tor make great fortunes, but nothing is coinpara- that town with the refise blubber brought by tlie
ble to what is made by tlie planter. Negroes eiti- Greenland ships, now not only unserviceable, bat
ofnieii u.oirl r-,.u, « «<in *-■ I a nuisance to the neighborhood, ft is said a gas
can be obtained from it excelling in brilliancy
that obtained from coal, now employed in light
ing some of the large cities.
Southey, the poet laureat, is writing a poem,
the scene of which is laid in Connecticut, and the
subject king Philip’s wars.
It is stated in Steele’s List for May last that it
does not appear that the magnetic needle is cor
recting its variations by returning again to the
north, as had been supposed, but that in the last
13 months its declination has increased several
minutes.
Tlie Clieralicr-de Gassicourt proposes to apply
the principle of the Hydraulic press of Pascal to
propelling vessels. If practicable this would su
percede the use of steam.
Claudius James Rich, Esq. resident of the Bri
tish East-India Company at the Court of the Pas-
cha of Bagdad, has published a memoir on tbe
Ruins of Babylon, said to confirm tlie probability
of Die Brick brought to New-York being really
Babylonian, the advancing of which opinion some
months ago, brought a good deal of news-paper
ridicule upon Dr. Mitcnell and the scauans ol
New-York.
The Journal of Science and Arts, edited at tlie
Royal Institution ol Great-Britain, is to be regu
larly re-published (quarterly) by ..aines East burn
& Co. of New-\ r ork. The first number has just
made its appearance. These very enterprising
book-sellers are also the publishers in this coun
try of tlie London Quarterly Review and the E-
dinburg Review, and also the publishers of an or
iginal periodical work of great merit, “ The Ame
rican Monthly Magazine and Critical Review,”
at g 5 per ann. which we would recommend to
our readers.
Darly’s Map of Louisiana, accompanied with a
Geographical description, is spoken of as a very
valuable contribution to science.
Hall’s Distiller, considered the best practical
work of the kind,is about to be republished with
improvements, at Philadelphia.
The life of Patrick Henry, by William Wirt,
has just been published in Philadelphia. The au
thor no doubt will do the justice to Mr. Ileniy,
which his genius and talents as a writer, so emi
nently fit him for, and will pourtray to the rising
generation, the. worth land greatness of one of the
noblest advocates for freedom and independence
Sir John Sinclair of Paris, announces his Ion"
desired Code of Agriculture, founded on all tlie
publications of the board, and intended to com
prise a summary of their results. The followin"
are the outlines of his plan : 1. To consider these
“ preliminary points,” to which a farmer ought to
attend, otherwise he can never expect to carry
on, in a useful manner, any system of husbandry.
The particulars are, climate, soil, subsoil, eleva
tion, aspect, situation, tenure, whether in proper
ty or lease, rent, burdens on, abd size of the farm.
2. To inquire into tlie nature of “ those means of
cultivation, which are essential to insure its suc
cess these are capital, regular accounts, ar
rangement of agricultural labor, farm servants,
laborers in husbandry, live stock, implements,a"-
ricultural buildings, command of water, division
of fields, and farm roads.—S. To point out “the
various modes of improving lund,” by cultivatin"
wastes, inclosing, draining, manuring, paring ar*3
burning, fallowing, weeding, irrigation, flooding,
warping, embanking, and planting.—4. To ex
plain" the various modes of occupying land,” in
arable culture, grass, woods, gardens, and orch
ards.—5. To offer some general remarks on “ the
means of improving a country,” by diffusing in
formation, by removing obstacles to improvement
and by positive encouragement.
ployed on sugar cstaies, yield from S 600 to
8 1000 yearly, and there are sugar crops here
worth from 8 20,000 to 8150,000 a year. Slaves
are procured with difficulty. Creole working ne
groes sell from glOOO to SI500 a head. Sugar
land close to the city sells at 85000 the French
arpent, a little less than the American acre, but
they sell only the front ones, the back ones ordin
arily from 40 to 80 are not included. The land
susceptible of cultivation does not exceed an a-
verage of 20 miles froiretlie river, all beyond that
being a cypress swamp. The price of land de
creases as you recede from the city, but no sugar
land any where sells fur less glOO'J or 8800 tlie
front arpent.
“ The cotton planters would enrich themselves
nearly as fast us the sugar planters, were it not
fora sickness which attacks their plants since four
or five years. It is called the Hot. The bowls
which contain the cotton when approaching to ma
turity are invaded by a small black spot which
gradually enlarges and the whole literally rots.
Good cotton land sells at from 810 to 850 the
square arpent. In the culture of cotton boys and
women are equally useful as men, while the su
gar demands prime hands. A gang dwindles a-
way oil a sugar estate, while it increases on a col
ton plantation, the labor of the former being ex
tremely severe and the privations great. There
area few rice plantations, but they do but little.
“ I believe tlie country is as healthy as Caroli
na and Georgia. To the eye, the population ap
pears more healthful than that of those states ;
but diseases when fatal make a rapid progress. 1
have no doubt that the city of New-Orleans is as
healthy as any town in the low country of the At
lantic states south of Norfolk.
“ Tradesmen of all descriptions soon enrich
themselves. Living in the city I believe is not
much higher than in Savannah or New-York.—
Tlie market is very good. Beef sells from 12 1-2
to 20 cents ; bread 6 1-4 cents a pound. Board
in decent houses is from 840 to gtiO a month, but
claret wine is given at all meals at discretion,
without any extra charge.
“ There is but little society in the city ; mu
sic, dancing and gaming arc the principal amuse
ments. They have a theatre and a circus. House
rent is very high. On the front street, naked lots,
60 feet’in depth, rent at 83 per foot a month.
“ The American population increases rapidly ;
it is now I suppose o;e third of the whole. They
balance the French in the legislature. The dis
tinction of federalist and republican is hardly
known. The parties that divide the state are the
civil law and the common law. The creoles strive
hard to retain their ancient laws.
“ There is a vast field open here for persons
fond of public life; tlie creoles are averse to
launching into it, partly from a sense of inability,
proceeding from a want of that kind of education
which politics require, but more from tbe little pe
cuniary advantage resulting from political pur
suits, although the state pays her officers better
than any of her sister states. The governor has
87,500 a year ; the judges of tlie supreme court
850U0 each; tec inferior judges in tlie city 84000;
those iu the coantry trom 81500 to g2()00 ; the
clerks of the legislature receive each 82000 a
year. Yet these salaries, apparently handsome,
become insignificant when compared to the profits
of a well cultivated farm.
“ 1 cannot name a news-paper here that will
give you the local information you deture- There
are eight printed in the state—six at New-Or-
leans, one at St. Frhncisville, on the east side of
the Mississippi, and the (Kher at Alexandria in
the western part of the state, on Red river, 400
miles from New-Orleans. The latter was some-,
time edited by a Mr. Eurviance, once a member,
of Congress from Virginia. All these papers are
SENATE.
Monday. Novemliar 17.
The Senate resolved itself into a committee of
the whole, on the bill to lie entitled “ an act more
effectually to keep in repair the public roads and
bridges in this state,” reported that they had ta
ken the same into consideration, made progress
and obtained leave to sit again.
The 1x111 to be entitled “ an act to alter and es
tablish tlie period* of holding the several Superior
Courts of the Middle Cirtuit of this State,” was
taken up and read the third time anil passed.
The bill to be entitled ■■ an act to permit grand
and petit jurors, witnesses and bailiffs living be
tween the Appalachee and Oconee rivers iu tlie
countv of Greene, to cross the Ocnn.ee river free
from ferriage,” wa3 called up, read the third time
and passed.
Tuesday,. Njver.i her 18.
Mr. Ryan from the committee appointed, re-
ported it bill to be entitled “ an act to regulate tbe
probate of wills, pointing out the mode for the re-
covery of legacies and distributive shares of es
tates, and affording remedies to creditors, lega
tees, distributees and wards,” which was read the
first lime.
M essrs. Knight. Beasley and Emanuel were ap
pointed a committee to prepare ami report a bill
to alter and amend an act entitled “ an act to adit
Ilia* uart of the unlocated territory cf this State,
which lies without the limits of the present coun
ties, to the county of Jasper,” passed the 23rd
day of November, 1814.
Wednesday, November 19.
The committee on the State of tlie Republic, to
whom was referred the several resolutions ..f the
States of North-Carolina, New-Jsrsey, &c. Re
port, that it is inexpedient to amend the Consti
tution of the United States, as it regards the
choosing Representatives in the Congress of the
United States; and also,as it regards the mode
of appointing Electors of President and Vice-
President of the United States, in tlie manner
proposed by the General Assembly of North-Ca-
rplina. And that His Excellency the Governor
be requested to forward a copy of this repoit to
the Executives of tlie several States.
The committee on tlie State of the Republic on
the resolution of the legislature of Kentucky pro
posing an amendment to tlie Constitution, report,
that the nmdMment to the Constitution of the U.
States, proposed by the General Assembly of the
commonwealth of Kentucky, in the following
words—“ No law varying the compensation of the
members of the Congress of the United States,
shall take effect until the time for which the mem
bers of the House of Representatives of that Con
gress, by which the law was passed, shall have ex
pired,” meets the cordial approbation of the re
presentatives of the freemen of Georgia.
Resolved, that our Senators in Congress be in
structed, and our Representatives be requested
to use their best endeavors to obtain such an a»
mendment to the Constitution of the U. States.
Resolved, that His Excellency the Governor be
requested to transmit copies of the foregoing re
solutions to each of our Senators and Represen
tatives iu the Congress of the United S! n os.
Thursday, November 20.
Mr. Cuthbert from the committee Ml Inland na
vigation, reported, that whereas, in an agricultural
and commercial State, it is of the fir*tinterestanJ
deepest concern, to open and improve those great-
highways of nature, its navigable streams j and
as the State of Georgia is penetrated and inter
sected by the noblest rivers, susceptible of exten
sive improvements, ami as works of this kind can.
be carried on only under legislative sanction, and
with the aid of the State, therefore resolved, that
it is the sense of this legislature that it is a mat
ter of the highest importance to open and improve
tlie internal navigation of this Stale. Resolved
that it is tlie sense of this legislature that from the.
tranquil and prosperous state of the country, and
the flourishing condition of the finances of'Geor
gia, the present is the propitious moment for com
mencing the great work of the improvement of
internal navigation.
Resolved that it is the sense of this legislature
that there be appropriated, and they do pledge
themselves to appropriate, during the present ses
sion, the sum ol dollars, as a fund for the im
provement of the internal navigation of this State,
and out of this fund^to appropriate dollars
for the improvement of the navigation of the Oc-
mulgee ; dollars for the navigation of the O-
coii'a ; dollars for the improvement of the
navigation of the Altamaha ; dollars for the
improvement of the Savannah, and dollars
for the improvement of the Ogeachee. The above
mentioned sums to be applied on such plan and
under such direction as shall hereafter be pre
scribed by law.
The commissioners appointed to superintend the
building of the penitentiary edifice, beg leave tw
submit the following report:—■“ At the last ses
sion of the general assembly a sum of money was
appropriated, which was at that time deemed
sufficient to complete that part of the edifice then
under the hands of the workmen, anti also tho
workshops ; and it was fully expected the whole'
would have been finished before thi^une. The
commissioners have to report that ^Huhstand-
ing their expectations and exertio^^Rey have ^
been disappointed iAfioth these particulars-— *
which they think attributable to the extraordinary-
rise of labor and materials, particularly lumber
and brick, »nd tlie difficulty of obtaining ^suf
ficient quantity of the latter in the excosSvely
wet summer we have lately witnessed. The ac
count current for the preceding year will shew
(he disbursements which have been made, and
point out to your honorable body tile neces-ity of
a further appropriation for completing that part
of tlie work, which they have the strongest assur
ances shall be done in eight or ten weeks. Whan
will be necessary for that purpose cannot be as--
certained with certainty. The commissioners
are of opinion that the further sum of ten thou
sand dollars will be sufficient to cover all neces
sary charges, and this sum they feel confident
the legislature will not hesitate to grant, when
they recollect if remains nndor thenninediale con
troul of the-governor. The commissioner* sug