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a; and freely indulging these sentiments uls that gent’eman in his legislative anti in- mil capacity, 1 regret tlie necessity I am un- f answering his arguments 5 but believing bill to be important in its consequences to the e, l cannot hesitate in the course I am bound orsne. The gentleman from Elbert likewise its that the establishment of free schools, if ticable, would produce immense advantages le State ; but lie doubts its practicability, ami e lie admits its utility in part, lie doubts much its practical operation. Bv both the gen- cn it is admitted, that S'2.50,000 would be cient to establish one or more free schools in i county in the state 5 but the gentleman from ert contends that we should not pretend to iu operation t is system until the state could a permanent fund of half a million of dol- iu bank or other profitable stock, tor the pur- of fully completing the designs of the legis. re. The policy in public measures which go- ns a legislature, should comport with that fio- wliich influences individuals in private trtins- ious, and 1 would enquire if an individual in vatc life, should abandon a pursuit which lie med wise and proper, merely because he could , for want of means, extend its influence as cly, and make it individually as profitable as e others ? No, Sir. This policy would be do- -ctive of every principle of industry and en-l prise ; and as in private, so in public life, l uld always advise that course which would re- t in happiness. The happiness of a state or ion, does not consist exclusively in its pecun- y wealth, but measurably in the knowledge and tue of its citizens. In a republic, it is impor- t, that the mass of the people should be en- tened ; and in proportion to the means afford- them, will»enius and talents tie elicited. Nuth- can so effectually perpetuate our republic, as dissemination of useful knowledge—for bv alone, can free men fully' understand ami ap- iate their rights. In governments which are potic and tyrannical, it is necessary to keen minds of the people uncultivated and ensiav- ; tor whenever the minds of a community arc lighttned, the chains of despotism will he burst ruler. I must therefore contend that if we sire to perpetuate this republic, and hand it wn unimpaired to posterity, that we cannot, as e representatives of the people, perform a d tv well calculated to effect this desirable object, by the passage <if this law. By the pasture this bill, we afford an opportunity, to the cliil- en of the poor and suffering, to the discons date d forlorn orphan the same lair prospects of fo re fame ami aggrandizement that are held nut d presented to the sons of the more wealthy. iThegentleman from Elbert denies tliathe is any jw hostile to the bill now under consideration, d acknowledges that il he deemed the proposi- u practicable, he wouid go hand in hand with friends of tlie bill, to perfect its designs ; but lieving that our means are insufficient, and that are not prepared to encounter so grand and gnaninious a scheme, the more especially as bill for internal improvements in navigation been acted on—he was bound to oppose the asure. I fully estimate the gentleman’s liberal icy, and cordially promise my co-operation in support of the hill for interna! improvement navigating our rivers. This is a subject which ■ply interests the people of Georgia, and ile I feel and acknowledge the importance of s subject, I cannot hut connect a dissemination knowledge with that great and liberal poliev internal improvement. The gentleman from bel t likewise objects to the passage of this bill, cause, hereafter in case of war, we might have all for the money thus applied, and that tliere- e we should be cautious as to our expenditures, gree with the gentleman as to the necessity of ution and economy in the application of the. pub- funds ; hut in as much as our tunds arc am- suffii ient to the accomplishment of all, our usc- and benevolent designs, and as they are now actively employed, and by this bill as presented us. we cannot touch tiie principal, hut only usc- Iv apply ’ the interest accruing, I can see no lection to vesting the contemplated fund in lk stock, to effect so desirable an object, f v *rtue and knowledge are estimables ; if great- facilities of disseminating useful information to be desired, I call upon the legislature to ter and cherish this bill. These are the noble signs contemplated by this measure, and L relore solemnly appeal to the good sense and raljty of the legislature to afford it that foster- aiu which the importance of the subject (le nds. in giving my vote in support of this asure, t shall consider that I have faithfully charged my duty to my country and to myself, d tha t l nave promoted the cause of science and inanity. MR. JOHN A. dUTHBERT. of a school. At least one fourth of the whole number of scholars already computed, will be in this condition, and will defray at least one fourth of the expense of the eighty schools. Five thou sand dollars of the public fund thus saved, may be employed in supporting twenty additional schools, containing eight hundred scholars. Then a permanent fund of two hundred and fifty thou sand dollars, yielding an annual interest of twen ty thousand dollars, will maintain one hundred schools, and constantly furnish tho means ol in struction to four thousand scholars, who must otherwise grovel in ignorance. Agreeably to tlie plan adopted in the county ol Liberty, each - bool, at tlie expi.ution ol three years, may be removed to a second site ; at the expiration of six years to a third site; and, at the expiration of nine years may return to its original ite, when fts first scholars are passing into those busy life, for which its instruction have in some measure prepared them, and another race lias arisen to occupy their seats in school. Thus one school will supply the wants of three neighborhoods j and one hundred schools thus conducted will produce an effect almost as bene ficial as three hundred schools. If we adopt a system, by which in every period of three years, four thousand yo mg persons pass through a course of instruction, in forty-live years ( even should the fund not he increased) sixty thousand persons will have been thus educated, tlie ol test of w hom will be about sixty years ol age : and after deducting for deaths, there will be about fifty thousand living persons, who have been educated by the charity of the state. Here, sir, are calculations, whose first princi ples are deduced from a successful experiment mode in our own state, ami whose results are in disputable. I) 1 they not amply prove that the systeoi is practicable among us ? and that the sum proposed t> be appropiated, may tic made to pro duce on effect that will be deeply and per manently felt throughout our state? it is not contended that by this sTim, it can be carried into full operation; ami perhaps it would not be prudent to employ a larger fund until we have been taught by the exprience of a few years, per fectly to adapt the institutions designed lor pub lic education to the various local characteristics of the different portions of our country. If the plan is found practicable and beneficial, the fund may be increased by a reserve of a small propor tion of our western lands, as tu render education universal in our state. The gentleman who introduced this bill, and its other advocates, have so eloquently described tne advantages of education, that it is unnecessa ry for me to dwell on this part of the subject, and I will subjoin but a few remarks. We know the tender solicitude which a parent feels for the wel fare of Ids offspring, for some of us are parents— With what assiduous vigilance do we watch over the education of our children!—What innocent pleasure animates our hearts, what sweet hope swells our bosoms at every little trait of their buil ding virtue, at every indication of their expand ing genius ! Our indigent fellow-citizens are con stituted with the same lender parental affections ; when'fortune smiles, they too can exuit in the welfare of their offsprings. But dejected by the frowns, unable by education to fortify the virtue, to enlighten the minds, to enlarge the understand ings of their children, to prepare them for lucra tive employments or a respectable situation in society, and about to leave them only the sad in heritance of their abject poverty, with vvliat me lancholy forebodings, with what distressing fears must their hearts be agitated for the fate oftheir offspring ! And can we be indifferent on a sub ject so intimately blended with the happiness ol a large number of our brethren ? And shall we not engage with zeal in the establishment of an insti tution, which will shine, with the mild lustre of the sitting sun on the evening of their days. In estimating the importance of the benefits, which we shall at tha same time bestow on their indigent off pring, we must reflect that education is valuable, not for the ideas vviilcl) it immedi ately communicates, but because it trams us in tlie art of thinking for ourselves ; not for the knowledge of letters which it imparts, but because in imparting this, it confers on us the keys of all knowledge. Let us not forget that it opens to them the sacred oracles. I ardently love, 1 pro foundly revere tlie teachers of our holy religion ; but history informs how depraved is the morality, how gross is the superstition of a people entirely dependant on human teachers for their religious instruction. As the stream of sacred knowledge is liable to be corrupted by the impure channels through which it flows, how important is it, to as cend to the fountain-head, there to drink its pure and healing waters. The diffusion of knowledge, while it promotes tlie happiness of individuals, will give health and strength and permanency to our republican insti- Cnder our excellent government, frail)- p-iblic offices, there is incessant dang*,- that it will by degrees degenerate into an aristocracy, ni ne suddcnlv transformed into a monarchy. An ignorant people are ever liable to be misled, de ceived, betrayed and trampled upon. But let the mass of tlie people be well informed, let every citizen be so educated, that if endowed with na tural talents, lie may aspire to the highest offices; tht'ii power will be equally divided, the design of ambition may be detected and resisted, and our liberties will be safe. On this occasion we should reflect that out country lias a claim upon tlie mental, no less than the bodily services of her people; that she has a soecies of property in the talents of her citizens. These talents should not remain like diamonds in the mine, unknown, unpolished, and useless. By a system of public education, she may draw from tlie most obscure fa oilies her wisest statesmen to direct her political destinies, the must gallant he roes to lead her sous to battle, and to crown her name with laurels. _ If we refer t) established institutions, which arc at once practicable and in the highest degree ben. eficial, what will be the eelings of our country ? May it not be said, that we are deaf to the cries of the unhappy ; that we look with a cold, con temptuous eye on the privations and sufferings of poverty, that we have a secret bias towards aris- 'ocracy ? But such feelings do not pervade this House ; and 1 trust we will adopt a measure bv which the state will become a father to the father less, a helper to the helpless and a protector to the poor. If ever an act were humane, this will be humane ; if ever a measure were parental, e- ver patriarchal, this will be parental, will be pa triarchal : if ever a policy were renublican, this will be truly republican. By the sublime and in teresting dulv which we are now called to per forin, we will visit the humblest cot with the blessings of education, and diffuse the light of knowledge over the whole expanse of our coun try. NEW GOODS. NOHTJT. noWB CO. MILI.KIIOIivrtT.K, H AVE just received, and offer for sale at their Store next door east of l*. Jaillett’s, a gene ral assortment of DRY GOODS, consisting part, of the following articles, viz. blue, black uml mixed Cloths, blue and black Cassimeres, red, yel low and white Flannels ; worsted, silk and Mar seilles Vesting; Sarnets, Sinchews anil double Florence Silks ; Canton Crapes and black Can ton Shawls ; Levantine and Imitation Shawls ; lackonet Muslin ar.d Muslin Robes ; plain and figured Cambric ; Waterloo amt Furniture'-Cali co; Cotton, Maddrass and Silk Handkerchiefs; black and checked Canton do ; Silk ami worsted Hose; Linnen and Cotton Shirting s Beaver and Silk Gloves; black and colored Boiubazet;— Whitney Blankets, etc. etc. etc. > Also, a general assortment of GROCERIES, all of which will be sold at very reduced prices. December ‘2:2. H Till)MAS M. BUSH, AVING bought out Frederick Johnson, Esq. in Cracker's Neck, respectfully informs his obi friends and acquaintances that he intends con tinuing the Store at the same place, a id in addi tion to what was on hand, lie lias added a com plete Assortment, which will be sold on as ac commodating terms as can be afforded in the country. '1 he highest prices allowed for any kind of produce. Milledgcville, December 23. MfLI,ED r ircVILliE. ruKSuvy, dmckmuku 23, 1817. We understand that tlie troops under the com mnml of Gon’l Glascock marched from Fort Haw kins on Tuesday last, for the Seminole nation Oen’l Floyd, in compliance with orders from the Executive, Ins directed Brig. Gen’l Franci Hopkins to detail and organize from bis brigade, without delay, 500 men, to be held subject to the order of general Gaines. At the late commencement of the S. C. Col lege the degree of Master of Arts was conferred on Mr. James Uaro.-ik. nrnfessor of Mathematics in the University nf Georgia. At the same time the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on Mr. Hiram B. Troutman and Mr. James P. Seri ven of this State. Officers of the Prnih'Utiar’i—Mr. Cornelius M’Cartey. principal keeper; Mr. Fielding Ruck er, assistant keener ; Mr. Briton Huckabv. turn key : Messrs. Seaton Grantland, Simon Whita ker, Tomlinson F n t. Hines Holt, Thomas II. Ke nan. Samuel Boykin, Myles Greene, Tho. Ford, and Zachariali Lamar, Inspectors. Governor Rid gel v bus been re-elected governor of tlie State of Maryland. The Legislature adjourned on Saturday last. A list of the acts wifi be published next week. MARRIED, Tn Putnam eountv, on Thursday last. Mr. William.If lit to Miss Frances Cox, daughter of Mr. Cary Cox. On Tuesday last, Mr. Alonzo Church, l-ector of the Batonton Academy, to Miss Sarah T one. DIED, In Putnam county, a few days ago. 'Ira Sarah I,sne, con sort of James Cane, F.sq. Lately in S- lem, (M.) (ten. Fro'vriin-hield. Esq. n .v gator of'lie Cleopatra's barge WILL BE HIRED, O N Thursday the 1st January next, at tlie Court-House in Milledgeville, for one year, five Negroes, the property of Polly It. Nulley, orphan of Daniel Nollev, deceased. IIINES HOLT,guardian. Docembpr 9SI, ; OK I'll AN \S iMtUiVER r i TO HIRE. ) N Thursday tlie first day of January next, will be hired, at the Court-House in .Milledge ville, to the highest bidder, twelve likely Slaves, among whom are men, women, boys and infants, as the property of Misses Elizabeth and Obe dience Lowe, daughters and orphans of Obadiah Lowe, late of Baldwin county, deceased. Terms—Notes with approved security, two full and complete suits of clothes, a blanket for each, good treatment as implied and required in the Pbnal Code of this State, and a return of the Slaves on or before the first day of January, 1819, will be strictly required, by ABNER LOCKE, guardian. December 22. DISSOLUTION. I MIE copartnership of Cook, Brown & Co. . was dissolved by mutual consent on the 11th instant. ISAAC COOK, POWELL BROWN, MARK M. BROWN. December 16,1817. The business wil in future be carried on by the subscriber at the Store formerly occupied bv Mr. John Chapman,on the road leading from Miiledg. villeto Fort Iiawkins, where lie will keep a sup. ply of DRY GOODS and Groceries, on accom. modating terms. ISAAC COOK w JinV, ^i'fT™.?.?.’1 stil .6 c at which^tnis dis- e( j (,y the representatives of the people to secure sion has arrived, makes it necessary for me to oonstrate the practicability of establishing free ools through tlie state. And here I will pre- e that we rest not on uncertain conjecture, t we yield not our reason to the gay visions of cy, but rely on tlie unerring voice of experience, the county which I have the honor to repre- t, 1 this system has already been carried into ration by private charity 5 and five free schools, ported by an annual fund of about twelve liun- ol dollars, are now diffusing the advantages of cation over that section of the state. Since, n, we may safely estimate the annual expense acli school at 250 dollars, eighty schools may maintained by tlie annual fund of twenty tliou- d dollars, which we may expect to receive as yearly interest on two hundred and fifty thou- I dollars, the sum proposed to be appropriated he bill under consideration. In each of these ols there will be about, forty scholars, making t three thousand two hundred in the whole, here, sir, we must introduce another priuci- nto our calculation : In many neighborhood, destitute of the means of education, there an families possessed of suflieient property t. or the instruction oftheir children ; butwhosi ren, without the kind interposition of the , must remain entangled, because they are eaitliy enough to support alone the. burden U'l'lOE. (TILL be hired on Saturday the 27th Dec, at John Chapney’s Store, two Negroes, a bov and a girl, for tlie term of twelve months.1 ZAl'H. CIIAMBLESS, guardian for Betsey 15. Gardner. December 15, 1817. HARD WARE, CUTLERY & FANG Y GOODS. Fri.vvt'is or.sBuuo, savannah, H AS taken the Store one door west of Messrs. Oapon’s, near Market square, where he of fers for Sale, at very low prices, the following ar ticles, wholesale or retail, table, de»ert. tea ami children’s knives and forks, scissors, shears, pen and pocket knives of all descriptions, oyster, butcher, mincing and pruning knives, iron, po- IGIIT or ten Young Men. (without families) ! hs-hed steel, japanned, paper, leather, snuff, to. er to the present Pent-[ bacco boxes, ink powder, court planter, elc W VNTKD IMMEDIATELY. as an additional number to tne pi- tf-ntiary Guard, who shall receive fifteen dollar per month, cash, for their services, to be paid quarterly, and will be furnished with goqd cloth- legant ante bags, powder flasks, shot belt ;, battledores, shuttle cocks, toy watches, cushions, white and yellow tinsel cord, gold and silver thread, Isi!v<*F as none but sober and respectable m mitted. JOHN BOZEMAN, Officer of the Guard. Milledgeville. Dec. 22. heir rights, the influence of the people over pub lic measures is quick and irresistible. If a sub-! ject of legisation has attrai/*ed public attention, Mas excited public feeling, has called forth an ex pression of the sentiments of the people, the legis lature will ever regard their voice. If the repre sentatives pursue a course of policy condemned by the judgement or offensive to the feelings of their constituents, they are removed from public trust, and are succeeded bv others whom the peo ple believe more worthy oftheir confidence. By this irresistible authority over the legislature tlie whole machinery of our government under their controul and may be altered at their pleasure.— How shall we render this influence most salutary to the republic ? I answer, by the universal dif fusion of knowledge among our citizens. Let the means of education pervade every corner of the state, let every child be instructed, and in a few veais, the mind of every citizen will* be in some measure enlightened. Under the direction of such a people, the wisest public policy will be pursued, and tens of thousands of eyes will be watching with guardian care over the fortress of iur liberties. In every republic in which knowledge is con' Incd to the few who are wealthy, and the num ber is small of those who are well qualified for ing, rations and lodging. Recommendations will | thimbles, bodkins, pencils, tooth picks and cases, be required of persons wishing to join the Guard. pUtcd pencilcascs, spangles, finger rings, opera en can be ad-! :llI d N’T 'glasses, metal coat and vest buttons, tre ble gilt and plated do. white and yellow ball do. black, blue and green glass buttons, pearl and ivo ry do. quilled back ami dressing combs, coarse and fine do. pocket combs, steel bodkins, twee zers, japanned and plated hooks and eves, cork screws, gun picks and brushes, lead pencils, India rubber, morocco pocket books, purses, single and double temple spectacles, white metal, pinch-back and brass thimbles, brass and iron past* jiggers, do. Jewsharps. do. chain, iron post coffee mills, with and without covers, netting and knittin"- needles, bed keys, sugar nippers, timber scribes, brass cocks, with fast and loose keys, brass and iron candlesticks, jack and trace chains, polished steel snuffers, iron and japanned snuffers, snuffer trays, iron and brass head shovels and tongs, brass pocket ink stand and compasses, steelyards, fire steels, candlestick springs, spouts and handles for tin tea kettles, composition and sheet iron tea ket tles, sauce pans,(long and short handle frying pans, turning foi-Ks A. and’C.—horse and shoe rasps, mill, pit and hand saw files, rough, bastard, 2d cut and smooth files, thumb, Norfolk and brass nob spring lancets.cupboard,bureau, chest, trunk, desk, closet, stock and pad locks, iron rim door locks, with brass rings or nobs, iron sash imliies, II HL T strap and chest hinges, brass trunk nails, clouts, flemish and tin tacks, tenter hooks, shoe pincers, nippers, hammers, knives, awls and tacks, carpenter’s hammers, compasses, rules, pencils, chalk lines, spike & nail gimblets, augers, braces and bits, trying and iron squares, hand, pannel, tennon, dovetail and compass saws, jack & smooth planes, common handles and nobs, lion head and shell rings, clock balls, thread eseutchior.s, socket and plate castors, with iron, brass and wood bowls, wood screws of a’l sizes, smith hammer*, screw plates, iron wire, &c 4 fkc. Also, I case first quality \ iolin ftrings. assort ed ; 2 do. best Turkey Oil Stones. December 13. 1 TEN 1TEN TIARY, GE OR GI A, Milledgeville, Dec, 20, 1817. P UBLIC notice is hereby gi that scaled proposals will be received by the Hoard of In spectors of the Penitentiary, at their room in the building, on Thursday the 1st day of January next, at 12 o’clock in the forenoon, for furnishing the Guard and the Convicts with the proper ra tions for the term of one year, to commenie im- nnMliatc.lv after that day. A ration for the guard to contain the same component parts, as that fur nished tlie men in the United States’ service.—A ation for the convicts to consist of tlie following- component parts, to-wit, 6 ounces of bacon or pork, or 10 ounces of fresh or pickled beef, one null a quarter pounds of corn meal, half a pint of molasses, and a like proportion of salt and vine- jar, as is allowed to the same quantity of provi sions in the rations to be furnished the guard. The contractor will be required to give bond and se curity for his faithful performance. The propo sal to supply rations for the guard, must be sepa- ate from that for furnishing the convicts. The Board of Inspectors will also, at the same time and place, receive sealed proposals for fur nishing Medical attendance and Medicine to the guard and convicts for one year. December 22, 1817, A CARD. V BNER LOCKE, gratefully acknowledges the polite attention and respect paid him by the Inferior Court, the citizens and voters ot this county, and resp^ si hilly informs them that lie will nntba^i candidate lor Clerk of the Inferior Court of Baldwin county, at the ensuing election. December,^,