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THE REFLECTOR. MILLEDGEVILLE, G. TUESDAY, AUGUST 11,1818. NO. 40. biography: H OK THE LIKE OF MR. MONROE. es Monroe was born in the year 1759. istmoreland county, Virginia. The f liis birth, a farm on the banks of tomac, has been held in his family up- of one hundred and fifty years. Mr. e was educated at William and Mary, a mater of many of our most distin- statesmen. In the memorable year, hen bis rountrv summoned all her c to the tents, and all her wisdom to binet, young Monroe’s name was en- as that of a cadet, in the third Yir- pgiincut; a gallant baud, command- general Mercer, who fell at the battle nceton. lie soon received the com- n of a lieutenant in Thornton’s coin- anil marched, under the command of il Weedon, to Ncw-York, where his lent joined the army of general Wash- . Lieutenant Monroe was in the ac- f Harlaem Heights, and White. Plains; retreat through Jersey, and in the sit- in Trenton he bore a share. In the air be received a wound, and his good t during the action, was rewarded by al promotion, in a new regiment raised ncl Thurston. Captain Monroe was vited into the family of lord Sterling, whom he served as an aid-de-camp in paignsof 1777 and 1778. He was I in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- n and Monmouth ; and his conduct arked by the distinguished approba tin' commander in chief, tain Monroe being anxious to regain k in the line, which he lost when lie ; a member of the family of lord Ster- proposed, in 1778, to raise a corps native state. General Washington recommended this measure, and the iture authorized the raptnin to enlist a nt, of which they promised him the id. In this laudable attempt he did ced ; and, in the latter part of the > commenced the study of the. law, in e of Mr. Jefferson, who was then go of the state. In 1780, after the cap- Chavleston, he visited the southern hen under the baron de Kalb, at the of governor Jefferson, in the charac- military commissioner. In 1782 hi 1 icted by the voters of King George member of assembly ; from which, mmediately elevated, by that body, in the executive council. In the ; year, we* find him placed in eon- liere he continued during the legal three years. From the journals of it would appear that he was an ac- hcr. The county of Spottsylvania a a member of tbe legislature in 1787, 788 he was one of the convention for a constitution for the United States. 90 to 1794 he was a member of the. the United States; and in the lat he was appointed a minister pleni- y to the court of France, by gene- ington. In this mission he was clo ve years, when he was recalled, tience of his conduct having dis- e president. He published a book of himself; which, like all other ms respecting the matters on which d outs are to decide, had the effect lent vindication with his own par furnished the other with the most y evidence of the propriety of ashington’s derision. In 1799 he 1 governor of Virginia ; in \viiich remained three year,,. On the of this time, li# was appointed, by Jeffcrso*;,, In conjunction with Mr. > Vncn resident minister in France, aordinary and minister plrnipo- ) that country ; and he was eni- j ac't, in concert with Mr. Charles in the same character, in Spain, bassy, the purchase of Louisiana cted, the preparatory measures, it , having been previously arrang- LivingSton. nroe next repaired to London, in of 1808, to succeed Mr. King ■quested permission to return 1804 lie left England for Spain ty with tbe original plan of his o early as that year, it was found policy to call at Paris on the way and, accordingly, Mr. Monroe ,cli his place of ultimate destina- 805. He continued at the court six months and returned to Lon lie remained two years A. a half, nter of 1805-6 the British nation severe loss in the death of Mr was succeeded in the administra te affairs by Mr. Fox. The hos is statesman to the principles overned his country for many ig been evinced in a clandestine with one foreign and inimical an open admiration of another, casnnablv supposed that a satis ngement might be made, be tween Great Britain and America, under bis auspices. But lie followed bis illustrious ri val too soon to enable these calculations to he realized. In 1806, Mr. Pinkney, a dis tinguished advocate of the Maryland bar, was associated with Mr. Monroe, under a special mission, to negotiate with lords Hol land and Auckland, for Great Britain. By these commissioners a treaty \>as formed; but its provisions were so exceptionable, in the view of president Jefferson, that he. took upon himself the responsibility of returning i, without submitting it to bis constitutional advisers. Several attempts were made by our commissioners to bring matters to a more acceptable resuit, but without success. The affair of the Chesapeake produced a rupture between the two governments, and Mr. Mon roe returned to his home. He was now o- bligcil to re-com nence a political career, be ing. in 1810, again elected to the general assembly of Virginia. Shortly after the meeting of the legislature he was once more called to the gubernatorial chair, in April, 1811, while in the exercise of this office, he was appointed secretary of state. In the following year Mr. Madison succeeded Mr. Jefferson in the presidency. Hostilities commenced against Great Britain, and Mr. Monroe was obliged to take the department of war under his charge. At tbe end of the t Tin for which Mr. Madison was elected, he was succeeded by Mr. Monroe, who now saw himself, in the close of a long and ac tive career, at the pinnacle of liis ambition. On this height, we may gaze at him, and call to mind, without any difficulty, all, the steps oi liis progress in political life. But it behoves is to remember the caution of a wise peopl who did not pretend to judge until the actoi oad retired from the scene, and all Hie pomp and circumstance of authority bad vanished. Tbe constant intercourse which Mr. Mon roe has enjoy ed with the most polished courts of Europe, must have enlarged liis views of men, and his country is entitled to expect from him more than ordinary dignity, up rightness and intelligence. That lie con tends, on the very tlireshhold, with great prejudices, must be acknowledged ; but it is in bis power to redeem what lie may hav lost with some.; with others, to establish the most irrefragable title to their gratitude and, from all, to win that applause wiiicl follows those who regard principles and nut men. This has long been a common cant tnnng inferior candidates for popularity ; but we bail the adoption of the sentiment, in public a manner as it has been avowed by tbe President, because it seems to challenge our scrutiny of its practical application un der bis administration. It will be perceived that we have confined ourselves, in this sketch, to the narrow path of chronology. As a military man, it is probable that the name of Mr. Monroe would not have been found in the annals of liis time, if it had not become connected by other services with the history of liis coun try. It is only as a statesman and a jurist that his character may be contemplated. To view him in these aspects Would he to pre sent to the reader a new edition of a history of restrictive systems and neutral rights, which is too stale for garrulity herself. In our relations with Spain liis labors will he remembered while tiie stream of the Missis sippi is subsidiary to American enterprise ; but a large account with that ignoble court still remains for other negotiators to adjust. We trust the time rapidly approaches when tlic last resort shall excite apprehension where we have sued so long for justice. That he did not succeed in liis negotiations in forming a treaty with the British govern ment Was not thei fault of either of tiie com missioners. The times were out of joint, and if Mr. Monroe had had a Richelieu for Ids successor, he could have done no more. Mr. Monroe takes the helm of state at a moment particularly auspicions to the de signs of a ruler, who is sincerely impressed with the duties of that station. The people of other countries have groped their way in to political existence, by means so gradual, that they are not perceptible to tbe keenest optics of national pride ; but America, like her own emblem, at a single spring has reach 'd the loftiest branches. She lias contended against the greatest power that ever existed. With the arms, and on tlie favorite clement f her adversary, she lias won laurels of fair renown. In the arts of peace, she surpas ses many of the European nations; and in those comforts which constitute tiie real hap piness of a people, she may be envied by the civilized world. To the ruler of such a country a great trust is confided. In the ar rangement of the materials of which the po litical machine, is composed, he will be re quired to perform the most difficult objects of bis office ; and on these occasions it would be the part of a good man to act upon pub lic principles and national grounds. Thus would be occupy a place in tbe gratitude of the worthy, and history would inscribe liis name among those who have been the bene factors of mankind.—1‘ori Folio. WASHINGTON IRVING, Who stands at tbe bead of American wits, is endued with a keen and intuitive percep tion, a taste the most delicate and refined, a uinuur rich and plajful, and a mind stored with brilliant conceptions and ludicrous com bination of images. Enclosed I send you is Salmagundi and Knickerbocker, works which lasli with sportive severity the reign- follies ol' the day, which abound in tine touches of humour and sparkle with the brightest rorruscatinns of wit. The mental powers of this elegant satirist were early ripened into excellence. Prema ture exuberance of genius, so frequently portending sterility, was, in this instance, lie forerunner of a rich and fruitful harvest. Mr. Irving’s acquirements in polite litera ture arc as extensive as his imagination is iioundless and excursive; his intellectual features bold yet finely proportioned, like, the Apollo of Belvidere, unite firmness to delicacy, and strength to elegance. In his manners to strangers reserved, and occasionally laboring under slight embar- •assment; he is easy, open, affable and com municative to tbe companions of bis social hours.—In colloquial entertainments liis wit seldom, as might naturally be expected, flashes on the brain or kindles the heart into merriment. Deficient in readiness of ex- presssion, his words follow at a distance the celerity of Ins conceptions. In his strict- ires on the fine arts, and his reflections on men and manners, he displays a knowledge of polite learning and of human nature ex tensive. critical and just.—Dennie. AGRICULTURAL. PEACH TREEsi. The peach may be ranked with the most delicious fi uit that can be produced in any country. It is generally raised from the stone, but the best kinds are. those propagat ed by innoculation or grafting. The peach tree is subject to many calami ties, and is in general short-lived ; its pre servation to any considerable age, is only to be ensured by skill and attention—its pre cious fruit is, therefore, forbidden to the slothful, the negligent, and the ignorant. 'The peach tree is liable to three misfor tunes or calamities—first, the fly—second, the breaking of limbs, which brings on a decay—third, to wounds received on the body by bursting of the bark by severe frosts in winter, and tbe injuries done to it by birds, insects, 6cc. But the most general decay of peach trees, is owing to a worm, which ori ginates from a large fly, that resembles a common wasp. This fly perforates the bark and deposits an egg in tbe moist or sappy part of it. The most common place of per foration is at the surface of the earth where the rougher and harder hark which is expos ed to atmospherical influence, begins to change to the softer character of that which covers the roots. In this particular part the fly is able to puncture tbe surface and there introduce itseggs. This they perform in our climate from the middle of July through Au gust and September. In August, for the most part the worms assume the chrysalis state, and in eight or ten days are transfor med into flies. Then they immediately be gin to deposit their eggs, which are soon batched into worms, and thus the round of transformation common to the insect tribe is completed. The eggs deposited by tbe fly at the time and manner just stated, are chan ged into worms ; and it is in the worm state they do the mischief, by prey ing upon the soft inner bark of the tree which i^s the me dium of circulation for the sup, thus inter rupting the flow of the sap—the immediate consequence of which is, the destruction of the fruit, and finally the destruction of the tree. Gum issuing out of a peach tree near the surface of the ground is a sure sign that there are worms under the bark. Various means have been resorted to and with various success, for the purpose of de stroying these worms or of preventing them from doing injury to the trees. These vari ous methods shall now he given as practised by some of the most respectable and distin guished farmers of our country. Dr. Tilton of the state of Delaware.—I shall say but little on the cultivation of this useful tree ; but will barely remark, that it should always be planted shallow, with the soil rais ed about it in the form of a bill; that For sythe’s method of heading down the peach tree a year or two after planting, insures the most vigorous growth ; and that tilling the ground, for some years, after sitting them out in orchards, is essential to the rapid and successful growth of the trees. The diseas es and early death of our peach trees, is a fertile source of observation, far from being exhausted. Among the insects which arc great enemies to these trees is a little beetle, called curculio, about the size of a pea bug, which punctures the fruit and occasions it to fall off and rot before it comes to maturity. These inserts may be exterminated hv means of hogs. This voracious animal, if Butter ed to go at large in orchards, devours all the fruit that falls,, and among others the curcu- lions, in the maggot state, which may he con tained in the shell. Being thus generally de stroyed in the embryo state, there will be few or no bugs to ascend from the earth in the spring, to injure the fruit. Many experienced farmers have noted the advantage of hogs running in tlicir orchards. The best method of destroying the wasp-like insect (which bores tlie*bark of the tree, and delights in that region just below thesurfaceof the earth) that I have ever employed, is to draw the dirt from the root of the tree, in the fall, and pour boiling water on the roots. In tiie spring my practice is to return the soil to the tree in the form of a hill. By means of this sort, a tree may be preserved many years. Richard l’etcrs, Venn.—The worm or grub, produced by the wasp, depositing its proge ny in the soft bark near the surface of the ground, is the common destroyer of tiie peach tree. I remove the earth a few inches round the tree in August or September. Af ter J uly the wasji ceases to pierce the hark and to make its deposits. I pour round the butt of the tree, beginning about one foot a- bovc tbe ground, a quart or more (not being nice about the quantity) of boiling iiot soap suds or water. This kills the egg or worm lodged in the tender bark ; and, of course prevents its ravages tbe next season. I also have the trees bared at the roots and expo sed to the winter. 1 have lost some in this way ; but I still continue the practice. I have been in the habit of doing this fur ten or twelve years, and prefer it to any other treat ment. To supply deficiencies, 1 plant young trees every year. When trees become sick ly, I grub them up; I find that sickly trees often infect those in vigor near them, by some morbid effluvia. The young trees sup ply their loss, and I have no trouble in nur sing those in a state of decay; which is com monly a hopeless task. li'm. Vo,re, Burlington, JV", Jersey.—I al ways search the roots of my trees twice in the season, last of July and September. On the first of October, 1 open the ground a- l’ound the roots so as to leave a basin of the size of a common wash basin—in this state they are left until the next spring—the ice and snow which fill the hole during the win ter, effectually kills the worm should it have eluded my search. 1 also endeavor to pre vent the limbs from breaking and from hear ing excessively, by close prunning, which I have long found more efficacious in peach, than in any other fruit trees. John If. Cocke, Virginia.—I think I have discovered a remedy for the worm which preys upon peach trees at or near tlicir roots, and which is so destructive to their existence This remedy consists in tobacco. As much cured tobacco as is tied up in a bundle, viz : from four to six leaves is sufficient for a tree The tobacco in a moist state, so as to render it flexible, is bound round the body of the tree just at the surface of the earth, encir cling the part where the fly deposits its eggs. This precaution is to be taken before' the hatching of the flies—the first of July is early enough, but to make the experiment successful it should not be put off longer than this period. The tobacco, so generally de leterious to the insect tribe, is so also to this destructive fly, and thereby prevents its ap proach. My first experiments with tobacco were confined to ten or twelve peach trees ; the next spring 1 found (bat the trees still threw out their gum near tbe surface, and I fear ed the experiment had failed ; upon a close examination however, I perceived that the guin had issued out from the old wounds of the former year, which were not yet perfect ly heated. The last summer 1 again applied the tobacco, and this spring have assiduous ly examined the trees. I pon the w hole, 1 fmd that those trees which have enjoyed the tobac co application for two years, have all their wounds completely healed and throw out no gum ; and in no instance have I found the worm to have existed, when the tobacco was. applied. From these farts, it is evident that tobacco stalks, when stripped of their leaves, would be excellent to throw around the roots of fruit trees—Raleigh Register. t ST01’ THE RUNAWAYS. RANAWAY from the subscri ber's plantation, near Eatonton, two negro fellows, one named El- lick, 40 or 45 years of age,about six feet high, and proportionate size, of a yellowish completion, or a full blooded negro, and of humble manners: The other named Solomon, 18 or 19 years of age, of middle size, smooth skin, and rather dark complexion, thick pouting lips, full eyes, and bends more than usual in Ins knees when he walks—had on oznaburg and tow linen clothes when they went away. They will make for Vir ginia. A liberal reward will be given, for their apprehension and securement, and in case of de livery all expenses paid. C. B. STKOXG. • F.atonton, Georgia, July 1, 1818. JOB HUNTING, Of all kinds,done at the Office of the ‘ Reflector f