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FOREIGN. dim .1. An interesting letter, of which the followlm,' •is a copy, written by a gentleman attached to tlw. Congress frigate, was designed for his correspon dent in this country ; but as, from some circum stances, it is supposed to have been miscarried, it has sinte been obligingly communicated by the writer, to the editor of the Delaware Watchman. Huenos-Jiyres, .March I t, 1818.—1 came to this country prejudiced against the Spanish cha racter. 1 took it for granted that a Spaniard here, was much like a Spaniard every where else. A people born in tyranny, and educated in the'sla vish principles of the Homan catholic religion, of whatever nation, I thought must be poorly great cause of agriculture, but to "the general in terests of society, by this most useful and vn tu- ous part of any community, availing themselves of the privileges held out to them. Before the revolution, slavery was tolerated th-oughout the provinces ; since that period thousand of the oppressed Africans have obtain ed theic freedom : provision is made for their to tal emancipation, or the barbarous traffic in hu man souls, which still disgraces the mother coun try, is at an end. , . Such are a few of the most indisputable and prominent facts relative to the political situation of tin part may , r ... — taut. It will of course be seen that my obser vations apply only to those provinces on the southern and western side of the Rio de la l’lata. I have no doubt, a prelude to lie overthrow of royal power in Peru. Thus, I flatter myself a final end will be speedily put to rova govern ment on the western side ol the Cordilleras. I cannot conclude, without observing, how much this mission, and the public m general, will be benefitted, by the labors ol II. H. Inack- enriike, esq. His talents, industry, and com plete knowledge of the Spanish language, have enabled him to amass a vast fund ol the most interesting information, w hich I hope lie will lose „o time in making public. He was among the first of his countrymen, who began to entertain of the South Americans ; as t li > s part of Sou th A i n e rica. It is the only the correct n«- t I have seen in a state of revolution, and hi» letters addiewcd to the pi.. - Av ,. Bg y perhaps, be considered as the most m.por- mted States, befoie he united .. . _ cl.-i ftuti !• - * will testify. INTERESTING CIRCVI.AR. Sir I have the honor to inform you, that in and may be one of the most enligtened, ot ancient dominions of Spain, cither north u • ,_ S) instructions wil south ol the equator. It claims at.least.a su| c of tlleil . C| . u j ser s, the of all or 1 :,ssl1 which at present constitutes the Buenos Ayres to a requisition made by me on the Algerine government. It is one ot the most P"P U,U ”*> I government, 1 have received the most positive ranees, that during the existence of pestilence ill be given to the corn- nut to board any A- mei lean merchant vessel, on any pretext what soever ; and 1 request that, for the information of our fellow citizens whom the same may con cern, you will give to this circular that publicity within your district which the case requires ; and you will immediately inform me or the naval for ces of the United States, stationed in the Medi terranean, of any departure from this arrange- RUKAL ECONOMY. Receipt for making Cider,.iml preserving ltsuuiidijjJT Three months ago, I was at the house ofNich las Nall, esq. w-ho lives near Deep river jiltJ upper extremity of Moure county, where! J-j old cider of a very superior «iua'lity ; and aart habitual use of cider is eminently conduci™? health, ensures sobriety, imparts the a-reeahtJ sensations ot strength ami vigor, ami is" a nil sail t beverage that can he afforded at a small I | pense, I took care to be exactly informed of h' l manner of making, refining, and preservingit!| in the hope advantage might accrue by publi’■ tion of it. Mr. Nall had in his cellar, as J^il as I now remember, about 8 or 10 hogsheads ill 50 or 60 barrels of cider of different ages th I oldest was best, nor did he think any fit todri *1 until it was at least a year old. That drank was three years old, and it was < tativc ... , , ... result of the French and Spanish revolutions were both fresh in my recollection, ft is true, (liaviii"- myself been educated a republican) I did t ome here* with a belief that all men had equal rights; and even that, under tho same circum stances, thev were much flie same, kind of ani mals, whether derived from Catholic, Jew, Gen- tile or Mahomedan ;—hut, judging from events recorded in history, and having observed that political and religious habits of thinking, like certain diseases oi the body, become hereditary, and are cured with great difficulty, 1 could hard ly flatter myself that the people of this Country were yet in a condition to be governed by any thing but a despot, in some shape or other ; al though they had, from their own peculiar situa tion, and the situation of affairs in Europe, de clared themselves independent. Since inv arrival, I hare been induce!, tochange my opinion in favor of the people of this country for various reasons, which can readily be stated, and which (as they arc derived (rom plain and simple facts) are easily comprehended, lo state them as briefly as possible, is the object ot tins letter. ...... . , , . u J naturally supposed to feel lor another struggling In the first place it is highly lln P 0 ^ a ,'^ in the same righteous cause, and assuming the tuile. l government to establish, their political hap- us iu u.y . 1 pmess in tuture will depend. Already they are ference, therefore, between a people thus tucum-, J lBl . beiati a constitution which is to be stanced, and those from whom they are denved. | w j s( l, m i guide their councils must at once be obvious—But they 1,a ™ in this most important of all • human concerns, a state of revolution lor eight year..— W hat was j T||cj( . in j epenlleuce | las i )ee n solemnly declared, rior rank aitd consequence, from its having fiist shaken off the Spanish yoke, and conducted all its revolutionary measures in a spirit oi modera tion which evinces a knowledge of rational li berty, abstract from that licentiousness, w Inch spread ruin and desolation, and finally termina ted in despotism, in one ot the fairest and most populous portions ol the ohl world. Chili, 1 eru, etc. etc. are following the example ol Buenos Ayres. They are in a revolutionary state. Clnli j c 7Jd forthwith, was declared independent on the sixteenth ot Fe- ('Siirned'l bruary last. The spontaneous etlusion ot joy which the news of this great event produced in the Buenos Ayreans, l have just witnessed. It was not the illumination ot the capitol with arti ficial light, upon which a slavish multitude might uninterested in its object, that produced which [I ■ — ^ * - — -* »»«*j excellent I iiis oldest cider I did not taste, as he i 1 as a treat for his executors. Cl I £1,11; j ment on the part of the Algerines, that it may be ■d forthwith. (Signed) wm. 8h.vi.er, Consul General of die U. S. in Uarbury. To die Consul of die C. 8. at Gibraltar. Honorable conduct of the JJmericans.—Ex tract of a letter from St. Johns, Newfoundland, February 12, 1818.—•• Above half this once ex- the best evidence of sincere rejoicing on this oc-| ten=ivi; all( ] valuable town was last year destroy- J ed by fire. This time twelve mouths such was cation : A brighter flame could be discerned il luminating the countenance ot every individual, and therefore evincing that unfeigned regard, which one portion of a great community may be while they continue in a state of union, even without the addition of the provinces on the and northern side of the great Kio de la hich belonged to the vice-royalty ol . , .- , .. I «iinit iiidependeiivwii.il. j their situation prior to this revolution, compar* | ^ ^vi 11 undoubtedly be able to maintain it ed with what it is now ? 1 • ■ • - *- - r -■■■-■— - - Before the revolution, the government was wluiuul ( vested in the hands of a Viceroy, appointed by the e . istenl a| monarch of .Spain, whose pow ers were, of course j pj at;l w absolute. Under the domination of this creatureJ |j ue J las \ yres under the ro al government of majesty* neither the person or property ol , These provinces are the Banda Oriental, Intre any individual was secure. This despotic ol ’* | u, 0-s a ud Para-'uay. The two former are under der of things is now no more. A provisionary | th( , dominion of Artegas, a refractory thief, constitution l.as been framed, which secures to who relusL . s t0 sen( j delegates to the general con- the people the right of choosing from each pro vince, delegates to represent them in a general congress, or convention. This convention of delegates elect from their own body an executive officer, under the title of Supreme Director, who. remains in office during good behavior, or rather during the pleasure of the congress. Such is the advance already made in the organization of a free government. The congress acts as a check upon the ambition of the director, while its mem bers are themselves influenced in their political conduct by the community at large, who elect them at stated periods. Before the revolution there existed an Inquisi- t-ri d power ; by which many a helpless victim of clerical vengeance was immured. From the abitrerv decisions of this ecclesiastical court, there was no a;q e.d, either in religious or politi cal aliairs. Since, this important revolution, the clergy fiom Old Spain have been removed, the authority of’the Pope renounced, the Inquisition abolished, and religion left to stand upon its own foundation. All this has been gradually effect ed by the dawnings of religious and political light’, without that effusion of blood which dis graced every revolutionary step of France. Before the revolution there were no schools or Seminaries of learning of any kind, excep* such as promoted the slavish views of the church, or the state with which it was connected. Now the. case is quite altered—public schools arc esta blished for the instruction of youth in general, in which are taught, besides the common rudi ments of learning, the principles of free govern ment, and the elements of military science. It is thus that the people are rapidly acquiring correct knowledge of their inestimable rights— with the means of defending them. Before the revolution, the clergy possessed the power of suppressing education in general. They sought for and seized all books which were inimical to their system of religion and politics, and exacting penalties from those with whom they were found. No individual or family was ex empt from this odious examination'; and all pub lications having a tendency to enlighten the mind or improve the understanding, were doomed to destruction. Now, literature in general is freely tolerated ; political writings are sought for and read witli avidity. The constitution of the Uni ted States, along with the constitutions of the individual states, and even the political writings of Thomas Payne, and others, are found in translation among them. The clergy themselves are rendered useful in being placed at the head of literary institutions, where they promote the interests of the revolution, by teaching the prin ciples of free government, as well as the cate chism. Before the revolution, foreigners calculated to promote the best interests of society, were not allowed to settle in this country. Now, mer chants, mechanics, and tradesmen in general, from almost all parts of the civilized world may be seen in alpiost every street of Bucnos-Ayres. But few have Ideated themselves beyond the con fines of the capitol: although every encourage ment is offered to them to i!o so. Land would be granted bv the government to agriculturalist anu much benefit would arise, not only to the gress, ami appears to aim at a separate govern ment : but pi ofesses to be a good republican. the distress, that the principal inhabitants who had escaped the calamity, were under the neces sity of fe ding from 80 "to 90 persons daily. 1 he scarcity of provisions was such that the scantity proportion issued to the sufferers was obliged to be defended by a guard of 50 soldiers; and on the day of the first arrival, there did not remain in town 5 cwt. of grain ol anv kind, tor the sup port of from 12 to 14,000 inhabitants. Mb at do you think of our neighbors ot NtW;England ? These men, on hearing of the destruction ol the place, entered into the most liberal subscriptions in Boston and other places, for our relict, and in the most prompt manner loaded a fine new brig and sent her to this place, with bread, flour, etc. as a gilt to the distressed. One or two others, we understand, were loaded at New-A ork and o- tlier places, but the sea being covered w ith ice, and the w eather being so excessively severe, there was no possibility of approaching the coast. Cotton Trade.—From a Liverpool price cur rent of the (ith of June, it appears that there had been imported into that port this year, up to that day, 25,264 bales of cotton from Soutli-Carolina; mtcmledit >ie complainedtb t his stock was too small to enable him to drink of the age he wished; but intended to fill ther cellar. I here copy M : . Nall's receipt » he gave it to me in writing in April last, “ All apples fit to he eaten will make good (j. der. The grand secret is in cleansing it foj the tilth and dregs as early as possible. Kick tine naval for-1 5011 of SppH's are to be beaten and pressed 1, themselves—1 wo kinds ol juice, both gooj would if mixed, otten make bad cider.—' out all imperfect, sorry and sun burnt apples,!, well as dust and trash—Beat your apples before much mellowed, as they lose their streiiA soundness, and spirit it too mellow—Let them stand half a day after being beaten before putij. to press ; tlien press them slowly, discontinueit as soon as the juice discharged appears to thin and watery. 'The advantage of slow sure is in making the liquor run pure. Let casks, previously well cleansed, be filled full to permit the froth and puminicetodiscL . itself at the bung. When the fermentation abates cover the bung closely w ith something that he lifted by the fixed air that escapes during di future fermentation—In a week rack oft'thecidtr carefully, ceasing the moment you observeitto run muddy. Now stop the cask more firmly.— In ten days rack it off a second time, and it fifteen days the third time. In every ii.‘tanc» the casks are to be clean and perfectly filled, when filled for the last time to be bunged,closed and placed in a deep dry cellar, never tube wt- cd until drawn lor use. Late ciuer need not W i grijl pro-1 urge I racked until March, and then one racking, most two, will be sufficient. Be very carefUl that no water, not even the little that will adhere| after rinsing a cask, is mixed with the cider.- The smallest quantity of rain water will rental cider unfit to keep. The addition of any qou-f tit y of distilled spirits is not only useless but u-1 jurious." Mr. Nall's plan is the result of longexperiewl and its success justifies mein recommending t| to the public. 1 hope it will be followed. CALVIN JONES, N. B. I ought to have mentioned that Mr..'il| told me he had for many years tried various/)! for clarifying cider to prevent its souring, bjl Ro latte,- is under the government ot Don Gra- 40,426 from Georgia, and 18,591 from New-Or- -.a, who styles himself director, lie also re'*>s- | eans> ma king a total of 88,352. Imported in- , es to unite with the Buenos Ayreans ; but 1**1," | Liverpool, from all other parts in the same means of milk, isinglass,scalding and scurauiiai wise opposed to the royal government. , | : period, 88,352. It therefore appears that the filtering through sand, <kc. ike. and found ill ports iu the dominions ot Artegas, are either | j, I1 p 0r j_ s 0 f C utton Tram America alone, to this sin- useful, but is satisfied that frequent racking* blockaded by, or in possession of the Portuguese, 1 t j u England, is nearly equal to that fiom with whom lie is unable to contend. Hence thejjjn t j le ,. est o( t | lu Buenos Ayreans sulfei the encroachment ot these foreigners, who have availed themselves ol this unfortunate division of political interests to ex tend their dominions ; but this state ol tilings, it is to be hoped, will not continue long. \\ hen we take into consideration the events of our struggle lor independence, and to com pare them with those ul the Buenos Ayreans, the latter will not sutler by the comparison. Judg ing from what I have seen, I would say, that there is even less division in political sentiment among them than there was among us ; nur are the annals of their revolution more stained with blood. Thev have not followed our inconsist ent example in withholding treedoin from a cer tain portion of the community, alter declarin'* that ail men had equal rights 1 DOMESTIC. St. Louis, June 19.—AN e learn that the Indians who reside on the river Plata, and between the rivers Missouri and Arkansas are (as usual) at _ war with one another. About two months ago,j so difficult to be re drawing is far preferable to any other mefliodkl has attempted. lialcigh, July 25, 1818. Mr. Madison, in Ins excellent address on tg;| riculture, has this valuable reflection : *• Of the errours in our rural ecmieinv, nune is pa-l haps so much to be regretted, because none ill paired, as the injudicious nil a party ol the Pawnees, consisting ol foui him-1 excess j V e destruction of timber and tire w died, met a war party ot the Usages 111 the; plains, seclng never to have occurred that the within fifty or sixty miles ot the Arkansas. L vag „ ot inexllaustabl The advanced guard ot the Pa. nees made a ] running fight, drawing after them the Usages in to an ambuscade, formed by the main body of the Pawnees. The affair i» said to have resulted in the entire defeat and destruction ol the Usa ges ; one only escaped out ot forty-eight warriors. Uur informant saw A7 guns taken It is as much a maUer”ot astonishment as re-1 from the Usages. The Pawnees are also at w ar gret that we have remained so long uuacquuiiit- with the Spaniards of Santa Fee : they lately de ed with our political brethren iu the south ; and t'eated and killed seven Spaniards out ot a liunt- particularly the Buenos Ayreans. It is equally ing party they met within the limits ot the Uni- remarkable through what contracted channels the little information we have received respect ing them, has been derived. \Ve have had no information of the real state ot this interesting people ; aitiiough we have had partizans ot Car rera, partizaus of Artegas, etc. etc. characters, who in their own country are of less importance in every point of view than were our Arnolds or our Calloways, etc. But the period, I hope has arrived, in which we shall cease to be deluded. It is high time fur us to regard with the deepest interest the sit uation of our brethren in the south. Our politi cal salvation, is intimately blended with theirs. The monarchs of the old world have formed, what they impiously term, a holy league, for the purpose of patching up, aud preserving the an cient system of tyranny and priest cralt. The free government of the new world are the objects of their deadliest hatred. These ought also to unite in defence of every thing sacred. Such, r _ 0 . I hope will be the views which our government j eventually, give us trouble; and, however hum- will now take, and lose no more time in acknowl- j ble these commencements may be—however mod- edging the independence of a people who have 1 est thr, e declarations may seem, they will, in proved themselves as deserving as we were, time, carve work for our army, and unlock the This acknowledgment, instead of protracting {cotters of the nation ;—they will swell, by addi- the war, would be most likely to hasten its ter mination, and stop the effusion of blood, ft might also have the happy effect of accelerating the establishing of the representative forms of government among them. They have been too long anxiously looking in vain for some of our friendly regard; viewing at the same time, nur political institutions as the best models for imita tion. P. S. Since writing the above an official ac count has arrived of the total defeat of the Span ish army ill Chili. This great event, which has been achieved by San Martin, commander of the combined army of Buenos A vres and Chili, K. ted States territory. Among the baggage of the Spaniards they concealed, a Spanish boy, about ten years old ; him they spared, intending to otter him as a sacrifice “to the Great Sue.’’ This boy has been recently purchased from their priests by Mr. Lisa, and providentially saved from the lire. Some time ago this sanguinaiy band took a Pado woman prisoner and devoted her to the sacrifice : as she was pregnant they awaited her delivery belore the offering should be made. However as soon as she recoveied from child-birth, she stole a horse and escaped, ller infant child was immediately transfixed on a sharp pole as an offering to their god The National Advocate, speaking of the de claration of the Frenchmen, who have establish ed themselves in the Texas, remarks, that” those emigrants who are not satisfied with our country and laws, should not be permitted to erect inde pendent governments on our borders—they will tion of adventurers, to a number whicli may be, at all events, ektremely troublesome. It is well then, to keep an eye on these establishments.'’ Four sea serpents have been seen in Glouces ter harbor, Mass. The largest appeared to be a- bout 100, and the others 50 feet long. The fish were exceedingly alarmed, frequently springing out of the water, but in vain. The existence ol those animals, so long deemed fabulous, now seem9 to be ascertained. The AA'ashington 74, is hereafter to he station ed in the harbor of New York. Hid that a crop of (reel J could not be raised as quickly as one of wlicatwl corn.’’ The jiotaioe.—Dr. Baldwin, late surgeon rf the frigate Congress, (says the Delaware \'«l(f' man) has decided the controversy ies/iectiug l» habitat of the putatoe, Solatium Tuberosum. Hi found this vegetable growing abundantly on ^ north side of the Kio de la Plata, in wild ones! tivated situations, unknown to the inhabitants who do not even cultivate this valuable pM now so generally attended to in most parti oft* civilized world. It is found growing among ik rucks on Monte Video, and in the vicinities * Muldenado, in the sand hills on the river shift as well as in low moist situations, near stita® 1 of water. The largest tubers were not nurt than half an inch in diameter. T AUIOLKSALK GROCERY- . MIE subscriber has in Store and arrivinSi 22 hluls. Sugar, first quality, 32 do. N- ^ , 7 do. Jamaica do. (old) 1 tlo. Whiskey, oi casks Mil* Rum, 7 do. Jamaica do. (ol bhls. do. 100 bags Coffee, 13 qr Wine, 1 pipe 5 years old Lisbon do. 1 do. E 1 )* 4 qr. casks L. P. Teneriflf do. 20 boxes longjk* Claret do. 13 half bbls. Fly market Mess W®' 2? bbls Gin (excellent quality,and 10 per cw over proof,) 4 pipes Cogniac Brandy, 1® - Mackerel, 5 do. Salmon, 12 half bbls. Crackeft 10 boxes Soap, 5 dried Figs, 20 bbls. Loaf a#* Lump Sugar, 3 kegs Virginia old Tobacco,5®**; mijolins, 30 boxes Raisins, it) do. London tard, 23 do. Shaving Snap, 5 bbls. Herring 3 ' kegs Split Peese, 5 do Barley, 00 Sury —boxes Prunes, 36 boxes bottled Ale, 2bags' 1 Ginger, 6 do. Almonds, 49 boxes mould 15 bags Pepper, 80 crates C rockery ware, 93 P 1 ® Cotton Bagging, negro Plains, Carpeting,^ jS' together with a variety of other articles in Grocery line. This establishment is intend?'! principally, to supply merchants in the coun M •it wholesale prices ; and will be constantly S “PJ plied, with such articles as belong to this l |lie ,1 business. Merchants are invited to call ‘^1 see—Those who want Groceries, will find" 1 ^! advantage in purchasing in Milledgevifle. I such articles may be sold here cheaper than I lie waggoned from Angusta or Savannah. wm. imivfA' A'lirust t