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NO. 45. THE REFLECTOR. MILLEDGEVILLE, G. TUESDAY. SIS PTE MM fill 15. I.U 8 BIOGRAPHY. ICJIIOI.Y3 M.VKfiL'KItlTK CARNOT, at Nolay in Burgtind;, Ala; At an early age lie was platen of engineers, when his as.sidui , and his great acquirements pro- a rapid promotion. An cuing; Nanhaii, and some well written sod him to be noticed by several ieties. lie was captain of engi- night of Saint Louis, when the took place. He took the popular Sept. 1791. was appointed adepu- gislatiire, from tlie department of ais. One of bis first proposals ed against the emigrant princes, ashed to have formally accused abandoned their country and tn- gainst it. lie afterwards propo se the oflicers of the army b; and erased from the rules of war. 1c of passive obedience to oflicers. ,500,000 pikes to lie manufactured nsc of arming the Sans culottes, rwards deputed to the camps ot yl Chalons where he notified the cker, of the degree which dc- is XVI. Vaine a member of the nation;.1 and voted for the death of the F ?arrli, 1795, he set out for the north, and cashiered on the field “neral Gratien, wlm had retreat- enemy. He afterwards march- at the head of the republican co- d animated them liv his presence, urn to the convention, lie was ap- member of the committee of puh- w liich governed under the name ivention. and was itself governed pierre. From that time lie began :e a powerful influence over all lib erations. All the plans deposited ce of the minister of war. from the ouis XIV . to the period of his ap- t, being in his possession, he di- ntie the movements of the French nd appeared anxious to appropriate f this kind of glory ; and it is said [ttributed to himself, the success of of Maubeuge, at which he was in the rapacity of commissary ntion. It cannot however he denied, emorialsand instructions whirl) In . in the name of the committee of jfety, contributed in a great mea- jie victories of the French; and to e country is certainly indebted for irtion of her military glory, s president of the convention in en the deputation of the Jacobin c to the bar of the convention, to ir belief of the existence of a God, plied to them “ your present con- itself a sufficient answer to all the which have been heaped upon your Having escaped from the jealousy ierre, who for some time had pro- rnly his hatred against him, two ter the 9l.li of Thcrmidor, lie rharg- re and Turreau, with ultra revoln- nduct in La Vendee, and declared eneral Hue bet, who was accused in that unfortunate country, had there against his inclination, by e orders of Robespierre. lie per- withstanding that his reputation proportion as that of Taltio and reased, and in a report made in 795, on the success of the army of he endeavored, hut in vain, to rc- ve forms of the old committee.— et, Billaud and Barrere were call- make answer to the accusations venrion, Carnot, who had but lit- ion with them, and still less cs- em, came boldly forward as their and on the 22d of March denoun ced, w hich was entitled « The Na- sin,” which proposed to send im- 7o thescaffold, all those who should leak, in favor of those members friends. Carnot was loudly ar- ng these proceedings. Legendre, en thirsting for vengeance, since fDanton, repeatedly and carnest- ed iiis arrest, after the insurrec- first of Prairial, and the decree passed, if Bourdon del*Oise had the rising tumult, by crying a- . organizations of this mail, have ries to your armies.” ecame a member of the directory, ew authority was established, in and for a long time had great in i them ; hue Burras took from filiation of the war department, at time became his enemy. Car- reil to ruin his adversary by in- th parties in the councils ; but ions of Barras he was included riptiou of the 18th of Fructidor. transportation to Cayenne, by rrnanv, where he published a anatory of his conduct. This e arguments nf which are strong »e ends by protesting that he is ‘ the irreconcilable enemy of kings,” is a publication worthy of remark, from its be ing printed under the protection of those mo- narclis. who had granted him an asylum to protect him from his enemies, which pro- tectipn he required by declarations similar to the above. After the revolution of the 18th of Dru- maire, Carnot w as recalled to France aim first appointed inspector of reviews, and af terwards minister of war on the 2(1 of April. 1800 ; which post he did not long keep, bul abandoned it on account of the interference and opposition ol Napoleon, whose despotism could never be reconciled with the republi can principles and firmness of Carnot. He retired to live with his family, hut on the 9th of March, 1802, he was called to the tribunate, where he displayed the same in flexibility of principles that had before dis tinguished him. lie frequently opposed the views of government, was the only oar. who voted against the consulate for life: but a- bove all attacked with great courage and ex traordinary vehemence the proposition of de claring Bonaparte emperor. His speech, though its reasoning was weak, was strong in ils principles ; it was opposed with bitter ness by many of his colleagues, who wish ing to gain favor at the expense of Carn.n, retraced his revolutionary conduct with more malice than truth ; he however persisted in his opinion, ami alone refused to sign the re gistur of adhesion. On the dissolution of the tribunate, he a- gain employed himself in his military studies published in 1811, a work on the defence of places ; he lived for a long time in a kind ol obscurity, attentive only to his family, aim in 1814 was appointed commander of Ant werp, at the very period when the enemy was approaching it. His preparations for dc fence were prompt and vigorous. He pre served however the suburbs, particularly one very superb part, the inhabitants of winch have since erected a monument iu honor ol him. He concluded an armistice with the English general Graham, to whom by order of the king, he ga.’c ujt the post. On his re turn to the capital, it is said, that he had an audience with the king with which lie was satisfied ; hut the progress of the puliti. at reaction, the natural result of the events which had just taken place tu France, made him fear a general proscription, and some months after his return to Baris he published a pamphlet which again drew upon him the attention of the nation, in this work he gave advice to the king, reproached the min isters w ith their faults and incapacity, anti predicted a new political convulsion, if the c\ sis pointed out were not promptly remedi ed. Ilis prophecies proved true, for Napo leon soon landed at Cannes, and arrived af Paris without striking a blow. Carnot Hav ing spoken very freely of Napoleon in his publication had no expectation of being em ploy ed, and notwithstanding a refusal, lie fi nally consented to act as minister of the in terior, upon the repeated requests of tlie par- tizans of Napoleon, who represented to film the fatal consequences of a refusal to act, under the circumstances that then existed, lie was successively created a count and a peer, and exerted himself as much as pos sible to second the new views of N'apolecfti But the Emperor dictated to him, while oth ers impeded the operation of his measures, even the choice of the prefects was not left to him. In order to adhere strictly to truth, it is necessary to say, that Carnot did not make use of those violent measures, which, with so much reason, were with fear expected from him ; the changes which lie made in his department were hut few. Having become member of the provincial government after the second fall of Bonaparte, he acted with his usual honesty and good faith ; hut, as was believed, he was duped by a minister more crafty than himself. He contributed how ever to the negotiations which preserved the capital, and was the only member of that authority, who was comprised in the ordi nance of the king, of the 24t!i of July, 1815, and retired to Corny under the inspection of the minister of the. general police. He soon published a new memorial which was written with that sort of openness and sincerity for which he had alway s been noted ; envy ami malice alone can find in it cause for censure, but the honorable and honest of all parties, will recognize the manly language of truth, and with propriety may ask, why is this man alone, the object of the furious attacks at once of the jacobins, the Bonapartists, and the rovalists ? NOTICE. T HE public are hereby cautioned from trading for five notes, extorted from me by one James Tool, when 1 was drunk. As I never received any value for them, I am determined never to pav them. The notes were dated the 12th day of 'August last, and made payable one day after date, tour of them were for twenty-five dollars each, and one for twenty-three dollars. LEONAUD CARLTON. Jones county, September 4. NATURAL HISTORY. Immense Boa.—Sometime ago Mr. Edwin, an Englishman, resident in the East-Indies, saw a boa constrictor that measured thirty - thrce.fc.ct four inches in'length. It was co vered with scales, and ridged in the centre; the head was green, \Utli large black spots in the middle, yellow streaks around the jaws, and a circle like a golden collar round the neck,and another black spot behind that, the head was fiat and broad, with eyes mon strously large and terrible ; ils sides were of a dusky olive color; its hack was ex tremely beautiful, a broad streak of black eurlcd and waved at the sides, run ning along it—along the edges of this and a narrow streak of fleshy colour, on tlie out side of which was a broad streak of a bright yellow, waved and curled, and spotted at <i small distance with roundish and long blotches of a blood colour. When it moved iu the sun it appeared exquisitely beautiful. It had perched itself on a large palm tree; is a fox passed by, it darted down upon him and in a few minutes took him into his stoin- •>"li- Next morning a monstrous tiger about • ue height of a heifer, passing, it darted down, seized him by the hack with its teeth, and twined itself three or four times round uis body ; it then loosed its teeth from Ids cock and seized his head, tearing, anil grind ing, and choking him at once, wdiilst the furi- U' tiger resisted to the utmost; finding him urd to he conquered, and his hones not easi ly broken, it, by winding its tail round his loc k, dragged him to the tree, and then sit ting him against il, twined himself about hath him and the tree, and crushed him a- gainst it till Iiis ribs and the bones of his legs, ui(?at last his skull, w ere broken and bruis ed ; after it had killed him w ith this inex pressible torture of about a day’s continu ance, it coated over his body with slaver till it became like a lump of red flesh, and at last, w ith a labour of some hours’ continu ance, su keel up the whole carcass into his stomach. Y\ bile it was gorged herewith, and no doubt fatigued with the late toil, Mr. Edwin and his Ceylonese companions killed it with clubs ; its flesh was whiter than veal, and had a fine taste, and indeed in Brazil, and many other places, serpent’s flesh is eat en for food.—Literary 1’unorama, EDUCATION SELECT REFLECTIONS ON EDUCA'l ION. A fortune acquired by commerce, w hen i: is discreetly expended in advancing learning, acquires a grace anil elegance, which a life devoted to the arciimulati.. of money, for its own sake, can seldom possess. Few of us are so improved by philosophy, though we study and admire it,'as not to feV the influence of interested motives. Thi insensibly blinds (he understanding, and ol ten impels tho judgement to decide unjustly, without the guilt of intention. Not only the taste, but the religion, th virtue, and even the liberties of our country, greatly depend upon that discipline which lays the foundation of improvement in an cient learning. True patriotism anil true valor, originate from that enlargement of mind, which the well regulated study of phi losophy, poetry and history, tends to pro duce; and if we can rccal the ancient dis cipline wc may perhaps reral the generous spirit of ancient virtue. He who is conver sant with the best Greek and Roman writers, with a Plato, a Xenophon, and a Cicero, must imbibe, if lie he not deficient in the powers of intellect, sentiments no less libe ral than ingenuous and elegant. A certain enlargement, refinement and embellishment of flic mind, is the best and noblest effect of classical instruction. It is not only desirable, as it qualifies the mind for ttiis or that profession, hut as it opens the source of pure pleasures, unknown to the vulgar. Its tendency is to adorn and im prove human nature, and to give the ideas a noble elevation. The possession of a fortune, and the en joyment of a good conscience is far superior to both. The passions will sometimes ruffle the stream of happiness in every man ; but they are least likely to discompose him, who spends Ills time in letters, and who at the same time studies virtue and innocence, which indeed have a natural connection with true learning. * He who has caught the spirit of the polite writers of the politest ages and cities, must possess a peculiar degree of polish and com prehension of mind. The best kind of education is that which endeavors to improve die powers of under standing for their own sake ; for the sake of exalting the endowments of human nature, and becoming capable of sublime and refined contemplation. This furnishes a power of finding satisfactory amusement for these hours of solitude, which every man must sometimes know in the busiest walks of life ; and it constitutes one of the best supports of old age, as well as the most graceful orna ments of manhood. Even in the commercial (lepartmciit it is most desirable ; for besides that it gives a grace to the man in the active stage of life, and in the midst of his negoti ations, it “enables him to enjoy his retreat with elegance,” when his industry lias accu mulated the, object of his endeavors. If taste, which classical learning immedi ately tends to produce, hate no influence in amending the heart, or in promoting virtu ous affections ; if it contributes not to ren der men more humane, and more likely to he disgusted with improper behavior, as a de formed object, and pleased with rectitude of conduct, as beautiful in itself; if it be mere ly an ornamental appendage ; it must he owned, that life is indeed too short to admit of long attention to mere embellishment. Polite learning, on the contrary, is found to be friendly to all that is amiable in social in tercourse ; friendly to morality. It has a secret but powerful influence in softening and meliorating the disposition. True and correct taste directly tends to restrain the extravagancies of passion, a disordered ima gination. To be completely skilled in ancient learning by no means a work of such insuperable pains. The very progress itself is attended with delight, and resembles a journey thro’ some pleasant country, where every mile wo advance new charms arise. It is certainly as easy to lie a scholar, as a gamester, or many other characters equally illiberal and low. The same application, the same quan tity of habit, will fit us for one as well as for the other. As to those who tell us with an air of seeming wisdom, that it is by men, not hooks, that we must study to become knowing : repeated experience teaches this to he the common consolation and language of dunces. RURAL ECONOMY. “ fForlliy of imitation.—The Duke of Atlml is now enjoying the benefit which ;> •ovhlent ancestors sometimes confer upon their heirs. Iiis Grace’s estates have been hitherto con sidered as rather extensive than productive ; ml his forests have now attained to such a grow th, that, wo understand, he will he able iu cut timber to the amount of 20,0001. a year, we may say almost in perpetuity, as he has continued the practice of his noble father, and planted millions of trees annually.” In reading the above article, we could not suppress a feeling of regret at the evident contrast presented in the conduct of the Duke of Athol’s “ provident ancestor,” to the improvidence of lundholdersgcnerally in this country. The deercase of timber for building, fuel, Jvx. is already a great incori- veriicnc c, and is every day becoming more serious in the prospects growing out of it. The evil is not so much in the use or con sumption of the timber, (although that may be unnecessarily extravagant) but in the ut ter neglect wliic li appears every where to prevail, of repairing tlie devastation, by planting new trees, and taking care of tho young growth. Observation has convinced us, tiiat in no part of tlie country is this neg lect more apparent, than in the lower parts of Delaware, and the adjeccnt part of Ma ryland. We mention this district nf coun try particularly, because in travelling over it, (we allude especially to the country called the Levels, and on the Bohemia, and Sassa fras rivers) we were struck with its fine ap pearance, its soil, its fine streams, and its ea sy access to market. It is probably to this last circumstance that the evil complained of, may in some part, he attributed ; the nigh price of timber at Baltimore having in duced the proprietors or tenants to apply the axe with so devastating a hand, that the country is almost bare of tim'ur, and no ef forts seem to have been adopted to supply i lie waste. The consequence of this destruc tive habit is, that the best land in the. penin sula, and as good as any in the country, with all its advantages from fine navigable streams, will not sell for more than 15, 20 or 25 dol lars per acre ; in addition to the inconven ience arising from a deficiency of fuel, and timber for building. If. may be said, that tho tenures by. w hich real property is held in this country. —el its frequent circulation from hand to hand, present an obstacle to any plans of permanent improvement; that far mers do not like to expend money, the profits of which are to be enjoyed by posterity. Wc would regret to s^e such an objection seriously urged, involving as it does a cen sure upon the freedom of our institutions, w hich are intimately connected with the pro per circulation and equalization of real pro perty. We suggest the subject to the agri cultural society of this county, as a proper one for their consideration ; if they will en courage the planting of forest trees, and support it with their examples, it will have a good effect. The price of land will he un doubtedly increased, A the interests of ag riculture advanced. There is one fact, of which the society i must be awtue ; that, in this country and